2024 Research Report on the Development of Marxist Theory

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important discourses on strengthening research and development of Marxist theory, profoundly answering the directional and fundamental questions concerning upholding and developing Marxism, and systematically elucidating the direction, objectives, basic principles, fundamental tasks, and key work of Marxist theoretical research and development. In 2024, research on Marxist theory earnestly implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses and guiding principles. The relevant research progress is mainly reflected in four aspects: first, deepening research on Xi Jinping Thought on Culture; second, focusing on research on further deepening reform comprehensively; third, continuously advancing theoretical innovation in response to major practical issues; and fourth, solidly promoting the deepening of basic Marxist theoretical research.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕加强马克思主义理论研究和建设，发表一系列重要论述，深刻回答了坚持和发展马克思主义的方向性、根本性问题，系统阐明了马克思主义理论研究和建设的方向目标、基本原则、根本任务、重点工作。2024年，马克思主义理论研究认真贯彻落实习近平总书记重要论述和指示精神，相关研究进展主要体现在四个方面：一是对习近平文化思想的研究不断深化；二是聚焦进一步全面深化改革研究；三是面向重大现实问题不断推进理论创新；四是扎实推进马克思主义基础理论研究的深化。

Research on Xi Jinping Thought on Culture Deepens Continuously

习近平文化思想研究不断深化

As the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, once proposed, immediately attracted high attention from the theoretical and academic circles. In 2024, the theoretical and academic circles continuously deepened their research on Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, centering on major issues such as the relationship between the Second Integration [1]1 The Second Integration (第二个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture, as distinct from the First Integration which was the integration of Marxism with China’s specific realities. It was formally proposed by Xi Jinping in 2023. and Chinese-path modernization, the issue of cultural subjectivity, and the Party’s cultural leadership, advancing research toward greater theoretical systematization and systematization. Gao Xiang pointed out that the Second Integration has consolidated the path foundation of Chinese-path modernization. Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a long-term and arduous undertaking. Only by adhering to the Second Integration can we ensure that our Party always masters ideological and cultural initiative and exerts a powerful influence on the path, theory, and system. It is necessary to strengthen cultural confidence, uphold openness and inclusiveness, adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, truly place the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength, firmly grasp the destiny of our country’s development and progress in our own hands, and make the Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization more distinct, its advantages more prominent, and its prospects brighter. Yang Geng proposed that we should take the practice of Chinese-path modernization as the coordinate of thought, distinguish the excellent aspects from the outdated aspects of traditional Chinese culture, and then seek those excellent traditional Chinese cultures that share commonalities and points of convergence with the basic principles of Marxism, and carry out creative transformation and innovative development of them, so that the two are organically combined and integrated into one. Wang Bo proposed that the Second Integration highlights a distinct historical confidence, is a profound grasp of the laws of development of Chinese civilization, and indicates that our Party has reached a new height in its consciousness of promoting cultural innovation while inheriting excellent traditional Chinese culture. Zhen Zhanmin proposed that Xi Jinping Thought on Culture examines and resolves contemporary Chinese cultural issues with a grand historical perspective, a grand cultural perspective, and a grand era perspective, thereby endowing cultural development with a deeper historical foundation, a broader cultural vision, and more distinct characteristics of the times. It has greatly elevated our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the construction of a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, opened up a new realm of Marxist cultural theory, and demonstrated a powerful practical force in leading the flourishing development of Chinese culture.

作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇，习近平文化思想一经提出就引发了理论学术界的高度重视。2024年理论学术界围绕习近平文化思想的研究不断深入，围绕“第二个结合”与中国式现代化的关系、文化主体性问题、党的文化领导权等重大问题，将研究向学理化和系统化不断推进。高翔指出，“第二个结合”筑牢了中国式现代化的道路根基。推进中国式现代化是一项长期而艰巨的事业，只有坚持“第二个结合”，才能确保我们党始终掌握思想和文化主动，并有力地作用于道路、理论和制度。要坚定文化自信、秉持开放包容、坚持守正创新，真正把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，把我国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中，使中国式现代化的中国特色更加鲜明、优势更加彰显、前景更加光明。杨耕提出，应以中国式现代化的实践为思维坐标，分清中国传统文化中优秀的方面与陈旧的方面，进而寻找那些与马克思主义基本原理具有共同之点、契合之处的中华优秀传统文化，并对之进行创造性转化、创新性发展，使二者有机结合、融为一体。王博提出，“第二个结合”彰显了鲜明的历史自信，是对中华文明发展规律的深刻把握，表明我们党在传承中华优秀传统文化中推进文化创新的自觉性达到了新高度。甄占民提出，习近平文化思想以大历史观、大文化观、大时代观考察和解决当代中国文化问题，从而赋予文化发展以更深厚的历史底蕴、更广阔的文化视野、更鲜明的时代特色，极大升华了我们党对中国特色社会主义文化建设规律的认识，开辟了马克思主义文化理论新境界，在引领中国文化繁荣发展中展现出强大实践伟力。

We must continue to consolidate cultural subjectivity and the Party’s cultural leadership, organically unify opening up the correct path, developing scientific theory, building effective systems, and developing advanced culture, fully utilize the precious resources of excellent traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space, and explore future-oriented theoretical and institutional innovation. Zhang Zhigang and Yang Hongyuan proposed that the creation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the most powerful manifestation of cultural subjectivity. Ai Silin proposed that the establishment of Chinese cultural subjectivity must break through the framework of explaining the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures in terms of subject-object, master-servant, and substance-function relations. Cui Weihang proposed that the core of cultural subjectivity lies in adhering to the subject position in cultural activities, and achieving spiritual independence and autonomy is the inherent requirement of cultural subjectivity and the basic prerequisite for constructing an independent Chinese knowledge system. Xiang Yuqiao proposed that cultural subjectivity is the foundation on which Chinese civilization can be created, and it is also the driving force for Chinese culture to stand firm and go far. Liu Zhonghui proposed that the prerequisite for consolidating cultural subjectivity is a high degree of identification with and sincere confidence in one’s own national culture, and on this basis, consciously and rationally maintaining and promoting the core concepts and spiritual values of one’s own national traditional culture. Huang Zhijun proposed that exchanges and mutual learning between different civilizations have formed the experience of human civilizational exchange. In particular, the Silk Road, the introduction of Buddhism, and the eastward spread of Western learning in the development process of Chinese civilization provide historical models for contemporary people to tolerate each other amidst civilizational differences. Adhering to the historical experience of civilizational exchange and mutual learning helps to promote Chinese culture and construct the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation. Wang Haifeng proposed that the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation has a civilizational ethos that is both national and cosmopolitan. It is necessary to sort out the historical logic of the origin of the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation from the perspective of academic history and conduct a philosophical examination of cultural subjectivity.

我们要持续巩固文化主体性和党的文化领导权，把开辟正确道路、发展科学理论、建设有效制度、发展先进文化有机统一起来，在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新。张志强、杨洪源提出，创立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是文化主体性的最有力体现。艾四林提出，中华文化主体性的确立，要突破用主客、主从、体用关系来解释中西文化关系的框架。崔唯航提出，文化主体性的核心在于坚守文化活动中的主体地位，实现精神上的独立自主是文化主体性的内在要求，是构建中国自主知识体系的基本前提。向玉乔提出，文化主体性是中华文明得以创造的基础，也是中华文化立得住、行得远的动力源泉。刘忠晖提出，巩固文化主体性的前提是对本民族文化高度认同、由衷自信，并在此基础上自觉理性地维护和弘扬本民族传统文化的核心理念和精神价值。黄志军提出，不同文明之间的交流互鉴形成了人类文明交往的经验，尤其是中华文明发展进程中的丝绸之路、佛教传入和西学东渐，为当代人在文明差异中相互包容提供了历史典范，秉持文明交流互鉴的历史经验，有助于发扬中华文化，建构中华民族文化主体性。王海锋提出，中华民族的文化主体性既有民族性又有世界性的文明气象，要从学术史的角度梳理中华民族文化主体性起因的历史逻辑，对文化主体性进行哲学审视。

Li Wentang proposed that cultural leadership, as a form of cultural power, is prominently manifested both as discursive power and as managerial power. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elucidated the importance of upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over propaganda, ideology, and cultural work, unequivocally adhering to the Party’s management of propaganda, media, culture, and education, and emphasizing the enhancement of a sense of position and responsibility, firmly grasping the leadership over ideological work. This seizes the cornerstone of constructing cultural leadership. Tao Wenzhao proposed that the “culture” in Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is culture in a broad sense, the most important part of which is ideology. Cultural leadership is essentially the leadership over ideological work. The core task of upholding the Party’s cultural leadership is to uphold and consolidate the Party’s leadership over ideological work and consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain. Wang Yan proposed that relevant research should excavate and analyze the “soul vein” and “root vein” of the theory of the Communist Party of China’s cultural leadership in the New Era, sort out and summarize the “sinicization” of Marxist cultural leadership and cultural theory, and explore and elucidate the “coping strategies” of the Communist Party of China in adhering to cultural leadership in the New Era. Kan Daoyuan proposed that it is necessary to actively construct the institutional mechanisms for the Party to lead cultural reform and innovation, strengthen the Party’s unified leadership and promotion of cultural reform, continuously release cultural vitality and cultural charm through deepening reform and innovation, deepen supply-side structural reform in the cultural field, deeply stimulate cultural innovation and creativity, and promote a better unity of social and economic benefits.

李文堂提出，文化领导权作为一种文化权力，既突出表现为话语权，也突出表现为管理权。习近平总书记深刻阐明了坚持和加强党对宣传思想文化工作全面领导的重要性，旗帜鲜明坚持党管宣传、党管媒体、党管文化、党管教育等，强调增强阵地意识、责任意识，牢牢掌握意识形态工作领导权，这抓住了文化领导权构建的基石。陶文昭提出，习近平文化思想的“文化”是广义的文化，其中最重要的是意识形态。文化领导权本质上是意识形态工作领导权，坚持党的文化领导权的核心任务是坚持和巩固党对意识形态工作的领导、巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位。王岩提出，相关研究应挖掘并分析新时代中国共产党文化领导权理论的“魂脉”和“根脉”问题，梳理并总结马克思主义文化领导权和文化理论的“中国化”问题，探究并阐发新时代中国共产党坚持文化领导权的“因应之策”等。阚道远提出，要积极构建党领导文化改革创新的体制机制，加强党对文化改革的统一领导和推进力度，通过深化改革创新不断释放文化活力和文化魅力，深化文化领域供给侧结构性改革，深层次激发文化创新创造活力，推动更好实现社会效益和经济效益相统一。

Focusing on Research on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively

聚焦进一步全面深化改革研究

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC examined and adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”). This is a systematic and comprehensive plan and deployment by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, closely centering on advancing Chinese-path modernization, implementing the strategic deployments of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, and further deepening reform comprehensively on the new journey of the New Era. The academic and theoretical circles have carried out extensive research on the overall objectives, fundamental principles, specific content in fifteen aspects, and reform methodology of further deepening reform comprehensively. Wang Changlin proposed that it is necessary to deeply understand and grasp the theme of further deepening reform comprehensively. The “Decision” proposes to further deepen reform comprehensively closely around advancing Chinese-path modernization. This is the successful experience and strategic choice of our Party in leading reform and opening up, and it has its profound historical logic, theoretical logic, practical logic, developmental logic, and reform logic. For the current period and a period to come, it is necessary to closely focus on the overall objective of “continuing to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,” and further promote comprehensive deepening of reform. Bao Xinjian proposed that the overall objective of the “Decision” highlights the “main line” of institutional reform and construction. Its core essence is to take continuously raising the level of institutional modernization as the guide, further promote institutional innovation, resolutely eliminate the deep-seated institutional and mechanistic obstacles and structural contradictions affecting Chinese-path modernization, simultaneously break and establish, establish before breaking, consolidate fundamental institutions, improve basic institutions, and innovate important institutions, injecting strong momentum into Chinese-path modernization and providing a solid institutional guarantee.

党的二十届三中全会审议通过了《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化，落实党的二十大战略部署，对新时代新征程进一步全面深化改革进行的系统全面的谋划和部署。学术理论界围绕进一步全面深化改革的总体目标、根本原则、十五个方面的具体内容、改革方法论等问题开展了大量研究。王昌林提出，要深刻理解和把握进一步全面深化改革的主题，《决定》提出要紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革，这是我们党领导改革开放的成功经验和战略选择，有其深刻的历史逻辑、理论逻辑、实践逻辑、发展逻辑和改革逻辑。当前和今后一个时期，要紧紧围绕“继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”这个总目标，进一步推进全面深化改革。包心鉴提出，《决定》的总目标突出制度改革与建设这一“主线”，核心要义是以不断提升制度现代化水平为导向，进一步推进制度创新，坚决破除影响中国式现代化的深层次体制机制障碍和结构性矛盾，破立并举、先立后破，筑牢根本制度、完善基本制度、创新重要制度，为中国式现代化注入强劲动力、提供有力制度保障。

Zhang Zhongjun proposed that the *Decision*[n] sets forth the major principles for further deepening reform comprehensively, with “upholding the Party’s overall leadership” ranked first. This is a scientific summation of the valuable experience gained since reform and opening up, especially in the comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era. It profoundly reveals the fundamental reason for the successful advancement of China’s reform and opening up, and points to the fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization. To implement this major principle, one must deeply understand the great significance of upholding the Party’s overall leadership, deeply grasp the internal connection between upholding the Party’s overall leadership and further deepening reform comprehensively, and effectively integrate Party leadership into all aspects and the entire process of reform, ensuring that reform always advances in the correct political direction. Zhang Yi proposed that the *Decision* clarifies that further deepening reform comprehensively must “adhere to a people-centered approach.” Reform and opening up is the cause of hundreds of millions of people. Reform carried out for the people has meaning; reform carried out by the people has momentum. Further deepening reform comprehensively must adhere to a people-centered approach, ensuring that reform is for the people, relies on the people, and that its fruits are shared by the people. Li Jie proposed that the *Decision* puts forward “adhering to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground” as a major principle for further deepening reform comprehensively, profoundly reflecting the inherent requirements of Marxist thought and working methods. To adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground in further deepening reform comprehensively, one must unswervingly uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics, keep pace with the times, conform to practical development, highlight a problem-oriented approach, and promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation, and innovation in all other areas from a new starting point. Li Zhongjie proposed that “adhering to taking institutional development as the main thread” is one of the major principles for further deepening reform comprehensively. Emphasizing and strengthening institutional development is an important understanding and conclusion drawn by our Party from summing up long-term historical experience. Further deepening reform comprehensively must adhere to taking institutional development as the main thread, consolidate fundamental institutions, improve basic institutions, and innovate important institutions, ensuring new achievements in institutional development. “Adhering to law-based governance in all respects” is a major principle for further deepening reform comprehensively. Zhang Wenxian proposed that deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization on the track of the rule of law focuses on better leveraging the safeguarding role of the rule of law in consolidating foundations, stabilizing expectations, and ensuring long-term benefits. To achieve the unity of reform and the rule of law, the key is to grasp the important link of scientific legislation, ensuring that major reforms have a legal basis and that reform achievements are promptly elevated to legal systems. Gu Hailiang proposed that “adhering to a systems approach” as a major principle for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization places higher demands on the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform. One must adhere to a systems approach, properly handle major relationships such as those between economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and development and security, so that reforms in all areas coordinate with each other and are synergistic and efficient.

张忠军提出，《决定》提出进一步全面深化改革的重大原则，排在首位的就是“坚持党的全面领导”。这是对改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革宝贵经验的科学总结，深刻揭示了我国改革开放成功推进的根本原因，指明了进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。贯彻这一重大原则，就要深刻认识坚持党的全面领导的重大意义，深刻把握坚持党的全面领导与进一步全面深化改革的内在联系，切实把党的领导贯穿改革各方面全过程，确保改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进。张翼提出，《决定》明确了进一步全面深化改革要“坚持以人民为中心”，改革开放是亿万人民自己的事业。为了人民而改革，改革才有意义；依靠人民而改革，改革才有动力。进一步全面深化改革必须坚持以人民为中心，做到改革为了人民、改革依靠人民、改革成果由人民共享。李捷提出，《决定》提出“坚持守正创新”作为进一步全面深化改革的重大原则，深刻体现了马克思主义思想方法和工作方法的内在要求。在进一步全面深化改革中坚持守正创新，必须坚持中国特色社会主义不动摇，紧跟时代步伐，顺应实践发展，突出问题导向，在新的起点上推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新。李忠杰提出，“坚持以制度建设为主线”是进一步全面深化改革的重大原则之一，重视和加强制度建设，是我们党总结长期历史经验得出的重要认识和结论。进一步全面深化改革要坚持以制度建设为主线，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，创新重要制度，确保在制度建设上取得新成效。“坚持全面依法治国”是进一步全面深化改革的重大原则，张文显提出，在法治轨道上深化改革、推进中国式现代化，重在更好发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用。要做到改革和法治相统一，关键是把握好科学立法这个重要环节，做到重大改革于法有据、及时把改革成果上升为法律制度。顾海良提出，“坚持系统观念”作为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的重大原则，对改革的系统性、整体性、协同性提出了更高要求。必须坚持系统观念，处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系，使各方面改革相互配合、协同高效。

Hu Changsui proposed that to master the scientific methodology of comprehensively deepening reform and to further deepen reform comprehensively, one must deeply grasp the methodological requirements of the “Two Integrations.”[n] Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities requires basing the measures for further deepening reform comprehensively and their advancement on the concrete realities both domestically and internationally. Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture requires planning the specific measures for further deepening reform comprehensively and their advancement based on the concrete realities of Chinese culture. Dong Zhenhua proposed that comprehensively deepening reform is a profound and comprehensive social transformation and also a complex systemic project, involving a series of major relationships such as the overall situation and the partial, the present and the long-term, the macro and the micro, the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and the particular and the general. We must effectively enhance the holistic, forward-looking, and resolute nature of using scientific thought methods to observe and handle problems, be adept at thinking about issues and formulating strategies from a strategic height, and continuously open up new prospects for the cause of comprehensively deepening reform. Huang Jianjun proposed that one must grasp the scientific methods for further deepening reform comprehensively, and coordinate and balance the comprehensive advancement of deep-level reform and institutional opening up. The key to adhering to the unity of reform and opening up lies in improving the institutions and mechanisms for high-standard opening up, steadily expanding institutional opening up through deep-level reform, and adding internal and external momentum for high-quality development. Xing Ruihua proposed that the achievements in reform and development have laid a solid material foundation for social stability. At the same time, the smooth progress of reform and the sound development of the economy and society require creating a peaceful and stable internal and external environment. These three aspects both guarantee each other and promote each other.

胡长栓提出，要掌握全面深化改革的科学方法论，进一步全面深化改革，必须深刻把握“两个结合”的方法要求。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，就要把进一步全面深化改革的措施及其推进建立在国际国内的具体实际基础上。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，就要立足中国文化的具体实际谋划进一步全面深化改革的具体措施及其推进。董振华提出，全面深化改革是一场深刻而全面的社会变革，也是一项复杂的系统工程，事关全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、主要矛盾和次要矛盾、特殊和一般等一系列重大关系，我们必须切实增强运用科学思想方法观察和处理问题的全局性、前瞻性和坚定性，善于从战略高度思考问题、制定策略，不断开辟全面深化改革事业新局面。黄建军提出，要把握进一步全面深化改革的科学方法，统筹协调全面推进深层次改革和制度型开放。坚持改革和开放相统一，关键在于完善高水平对外开放体制机制，以深层次改革稳步扩大制度型开放，为高质量发展增添内外动力。邢瑞华提出，改革和发展取得的成就为社会稳定奠定了坚实的物质基础，同时改革的顺利推进和经济社会的良性发展又需要营造和平稳定的内外部环境，三者既互为保障，又相互促进。

Theoretical Innovation Oriented toward Major Practical Problems

面向重大现实问题的理论创新

The theory of Chinese-path modernization is a major theoretical innovation of the 20th National Congress of the CPC[n] and the latest major achievement of scientific socialism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that advancing Chinese-path modernization is a long-term task, and further theoretical research and practical exploration must be strengthened. Academic and theoretical circles have also continuously deepened their research on Chinese-path modernization. Han Qingxiang proposed that the theoretical form of Chinese-path modernization consists of ten elements—essential characteristics, civilizational form, national traits, human essence, social governance, people’s standards, common values, human destiny, world contribution, and philosophical foundation—and their internal logic, systematically constructing the theoretical form of Chinese-path modernization from a scholarly perspective. Feng Ziyi proposed that Marx had a unique methodology for studying the development of modern society. It is necessary to activate the intellectual resources of Marx’s theory of social development, strengthen the scholarly interpretation of Chinese-path modernization, promote the elevation of experience to theory, and advance dialogue and exchange among development theories. Wang Huxue proposed that, viewed from the perspective of Marxist anthropology, the Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization contain extremely rich and profound anthropological implications: a modernization with a huge population scale manifests the subjectivity of human existence, and a modernization with common prosperity for all manifests the sociality of human existence, among others. Yuan Zushe proposed that in composing a new form of civilization, Chinese-path modernization has established an ecological practice direction, opening up a new path of modernization featuring harmony between humanity and nature. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization creatively develops historical materialism. In leading the ecological practice of Chinese-path modernization, it is committed to constructing a community of life featuring harmony between humanity and nature, endowing Chinese-path modernization with distinctive features and essential requirements through ecology and green development. Wu Zhongmin proposed that since the founding of New China, China’s countryside has undergone a series of profound historical changes with modern significance, which have had a huge foundational impact on Chinese-path modernization. An indispensable fundamental reason why Chinese-path modernization differs from that of other countries and has achieved universally recognized great successes lies in these historical changes. Only by deeply understanding the historical changes in the countryside can one truly understand Chinese-path modernization. Xiang Jiuyu proposed that civilizational modernity is both an explanatory paradigm for the world modernization process and a historical understanding of Chinese-path modernization. Civilizational modernity can become a landmark concept in the independent knowledge system of Chinese-path modernization, thereby further deepening the rational understanding of the laws of socialist civilization development, the laws of Chinese civilization development, and the laws of human civilization development. Zhou Dan proposed that the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization, as a theoretical and systematic expression of the state of the social and cultural sphere, actually represents the basic characteristics and internal relationships of the entire society in the economic, political, and other fields. The cultural form represents the social organism in the manner of a cultural life entity.

中国式现代化理论是党的二十大的一个重大理论创新，是科学社会主义的最新重大成果。习近平总书记指出，推进中国式现代化是一个长期任务，要进一步加强理论研究和实践探索。学术理论界围绕中国式现代化的研究也不断走向深入。韩庆祥提出，中国式现代化的理论形态的本质特征、文明形态、民族特质、人的本质、社会治理、人民标准、共同价值、人类命运、世界贡献、哲学根基等10个要素及其内在逻辑，从学理上系统建构起了中国式现代化的理论形态。丰子义提出，马克思研究现代社会发展有其独特的方法论，要激活马克思社会发展理论的思想资源，加强中国式现代化的学理性阐释，推进经验到理论的提升，推动发展理论的对话交流。王虎学提出，从马克思主义人学视角审视，中国式现代化的中国特色蕴含着极其丰富而深刻的人学意蕴：人口规模巨大的现代化彰显人的存在的主体性，全体人民共同富裕的现代化彰显人的存在的社会性等。袁祖社提出，中国式现代化在谱写新文明形态过程中确立了生态实践路向，开辟了人与自然和谐共生的现代化新道路。习近平生态文明思想创造性地发展了历史唯物主义理论，在引领中国式现代化生态实践中，致力于人与自然和谐共生的生命共同体建构，以生态和绿色赋予了中国式现代化以显著特征和本质要求。吴忠民提出，自新中国成立以来，中国农村进行了一系列具有现代意义的、深刻的历史性变革，对中国式现代化具有巨大的奠基性影响。中国式现代化之所以不同于其他国家，取得举世公认的巨大成就，一个必不可少的基础性原因就在于这些历史性变革。只有深刻地理解了农村的历史性变革，才能真正理解中国式现代化。项久雨提出，文明现代性是关于世界现代化进程的解释范式，也是对中国式现代化的历史理解。文明现代性可以成为中国式现代化自主知识体系的标志性概念，由此进一步深化对社会主义文明发展规律、中华文明发展规律、人类文明发展规律的理性认识。周丹提出，中国式现代化的文化形态作为社会文化领域状况的理论化、系统化表达，所表征的实际上就是整个社会在经济、政治等诸领域的基本特征及其内在关系，文化形态以文化生命体的方式表征着社会有机体。

In order to thoroughly study and implement the revised *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* (hereinafter referred to as the *Regulations*), from April to July 2024 the entire Party carried out in-depth education on Party discipline. The academic and theoretical circles conducted intensive research on issues such as education on Party discipline, the Party’s self-revolution, and strict governance of the Party. Hang Yuanxiang proposed that since entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has advanced comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in depth with systematic thinking and scientific methods, accumulating valuable experience for comprehensively strengthening Party discipline construction on the new journey, mainly including: combining ideological Party building with institutional Party building; combining strict political discipline with promoting comprehensive strictness in all disciplines; combining centralized education with regular education; combining grasping the “key minority” with managing the “vast majority”; combining strict supervision and management with encouraging responsible action; and combining the consolidation of main responsibilities with the fulfillment of supervisory responsibilities. Liu Yuhui proposed that carrying out education on Party discipline and striving to build “conscious discipline” is an inherent requirement and important content. Through education on Party discipline, the vast majority of Party members must transform disciplinary requirements into practical consciousness, promote Party unity and solidarity, and form a powerful joint force for advancing Chinese-path modernization. Qi Yiming proposed that it is necessary to adhere to a problem-oriented approach and focus on enhancing the timeliness and pertinence of discipline construction. Party discipline construction must closely integrate with the development and changes of the times, changes in the composition of the Party membership, and changes in prominent problems within the Party, advancing with the times to continuously improve timeliness and pertinence. Chai Baoyong proposed that the path of Party development through self-revolution, in terms of development logic, Party functions, Party governance practice, and political development models, together constitutes the political mechanism by which the Communist Party of China and the Chinese state can endure and grow, providing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for Party building and political development in countries around the world. Hong Xiaonan proposed that adhering to taking the unique challenges of a large Party as the main direction of attack is a practical requirement of the Party’s self-revolution. The “six issues of how to always” [5]5 The “six issues of how to always” (六个如何始终) refers to six challenges facing a large party like the CPC: how to always maintain the original aspiration and founding mission, how to always unify thinking, will, and action, how to always possess the ability to lead and govern, how to always maintain the vitality of the organization, how to always remain vigorous and clean, and how to always prevent the emergence of organized factions and interest groups. adhere to problem awareness and goal orientation, pointing the way and providing guidance for solving the unique challenges of a large Party. The “six issues of how to always” must be viewed as an organic whole and applied holistically to solving the unique challenges of a large Party, only then can the overall effectiveness of solving these challenges be effectively enhanced.

为深入学习贯彻修订后的《中国共产党纪律处分条例》（以下简称《条例》），2024年4—7月，全党深入开展了党纪学习教育。学术理论界围绕党纪学习教育、党的自我革命、从严治党等问题开展了深入研究。杭元祥提出，进入新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央以系统思维、科学方法纵深推进全面从严治党，为新征程全面加强党的纪律建设积累的宝贵经验主要包括：坚持思想建党与制度治党相结合；坚持严明政治纪律与推动各项纪律全面从严相结合；坚持集中性教育与经常性教育相结合；坚持抓“关键少数”与管“绝大多数”相结合；坚持从严监督管理与鼓励担当作为相结合；坚持压实主体责任和履行监督责任相结合。刘昱辉提出，开展党纪学习教育，着力打造“自觉的纪律”是内在要求和重要内容。要通过开展党纪学习教育，使广大党员把纪律要求转化为实践自觉，促进党的团结统一，形成推进中国式现代化的强大合力。戚义明提出，必须坚持问题导向，着力提高纪律建设的时代性针对性。党的纪律建设必须紧密结合时代的发展变化、党员队伍构成的变化、党内存在突出问题的变化而与时俱进，不断提高时代性针对性。柴宝勇提出，自我革命的政党发展道路，在发展逻辑、政党功能、政党治理实践、政治发展模式方面共同构成了中国共产党和中国国家可大可久的政治机制，为世界各个国家的政党建设和政治发展提供了中国智慧和中国方案。洪晓楠提出，坚持以解决大党独有难题为主攻方向，是党的自我革命的实践要求。“六个如何始终”坚持问题意识和目标指向，为解决大党独有难题指明了方向、提供了遵循。必须将“六个如何始终”作为有机整体来看待，整体性运用于解决大党独有难题之中，才能切实增强解决大党独有难题的整体效能。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that developing new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development. High-quality development requires new theories of productive forces to guide it, and new quality productive forces have already taken shape in practice and demonstrated a strong driving and supporting force for high-quality development, requiring us to summarize and generalize them theoretically to guide new development practices. The academic and theoretical circles conducted in-depth research on major theoretical issues such as the core essence and theoretical connotations of new quality productive forces, and the new quality relations of production compatible with new quality productive forces. Zhou Wen proposed that new quality productive forces are a major theoretical proposition in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times within Marxist political economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourse on new quality productive forces affirms the important position and role of science and technology in the formation and development of productive forces, elevates this technological innovation to a higher level of original and disruptive technological innovation, highlights the leading role of technological innovation in the development of productive forces, and opens up a new realm for contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy. Huang Hanquan proposed that new quality productive forces are generated by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, with the leap in laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimized combination as their basic connotation. New quality productive forces have already taken shape in practice, requiring us to further deepen our understanding and vigorously promote the iterative development and qualitative leap of productive forces. Su Yubo proposed that the formation of new quality productive forces should be accelerated under the guidance of the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing, which is of great significance for promoting high-quality development of China’s economy, seizing the commanding heights of international competition, and winning the initiative in modernization. Huang Maoxing proposed that high-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects, new quality productive forces are an advanced state of productive forces that conforms to the new development concepts, and developing new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development. It is necessary to adhere to high-quality development, grasp the direction, focus on key points, and actively cultivate and develop new quality productive forces. Zhang Zhanbin and others proposed that accelerating the development of new quality productive forces will drive the improvement of three economic indicators—“per capita disposable income of residents,” “size of the middle-income group,” and “number of market entities”—and steadily advance towards the goal of achieving common prosperity for all people. Pang Jinju proposed that to meet the requirements of vigorously developing new quality productive forces, it is necessary to deepen reforms in the relationship between the government and the market. Efforts must be made to unleash the vitality of market entities and their enthusiasm and creativity in production and operation. The basic systems of the market economy, such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition, and social credit, should be accelerated and improved. A high-standard market system should be established, the allocation methods of production factors should be innovated, and all types of advanced and high-quality production factors should flow smoothly towards the vigorous development of new quality productive forces. Party leadership should be strengthened and improved, reforms of Party and state institutions should be deepened, and the transformation of government functions should be accelerated.

习近平总书记指出，发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导，而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力，需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括，用以指导新的发展实践。学术理论界围绕新质生产力的核心要义、理论内涵、与新质生产力相适应的新质生产关系等重大理论问题展开了深入研究。周文提出，新质生产力是马克思主义政治经济学中国化时代化的重大理论命题。习近平总书记关于新质生产力的重要论述，肯定了科学技术在生产力形成和发展过程中的重要地位与作用，并将这种科技创新上升为更高层次的原创性、颠覆性科技创新，突出科技创新在生产力发展中的主导作用，开拓了当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界。黄汉权提出，新质生产力由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，其以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵。新质生产力已经在实践中形成，需要我们进一步深化认识并大力推动生产力迭代发展和质的跃升。苏玉波提出，要以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念引领新质生产力加快形成，对推动我国经济高质量发展、抢占国际竞争制高点、赢得现代化建设主动权具有重要意义。黄茂兴提出，高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，新质生产力是符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态，发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。必须坚持高质量发展，把握方向、聚焦重点，积极培育和发展新质生产力。张占斌等提出，加快发展新质生产力，将推动“居民人均可支配收入”“中等收入群体规模”和“市场经营主体数量”三个经济学指标提升，朝着实现全体人民共同富裕目标扎实迈进。逄锦聚提出，要适应大力发展新质生产力的要求，必须深化政府和市场关系的改革。要着力发挥市场主体的活力和生产经营的积极性、创造性。加快完善产权保护、市场准入、公平竞争、社会信用等市场经济基础制度。建立高标准市场体系，创新生产要素配置方式，让各类先进优质生产要素向大力发展新质生产力顺畅流动。加强和改善党的领导，深化党和国家机构改革，加快政府职能转变。

Solidly advancing the deepening of basic theoretical research

扎实推进基础理论研究不断深入

Facing the new journey of the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, making greater contributions to adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The academic and theoretical circles have continuously promoted the deepening of basic theoretical research around hot issues such as the independent knowledge system, classical studies, the development process of Marx’s thought, and political philosophy.

面对新时代新征程，习近平总书记指出，要加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，为推进马克思主义中国化时代化作出更大贡献。学术理论界围绕自主知识体系、古典学、马克思思想发展历程、政治哲学等热点问题持续推进基础理论研究的深入。

Zhao Rui proposed that the fundamental guidance for constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences is Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, its essential characteristics are subjectivity and originality, and its fundamental path is the “Two Integrations.” [6]6 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of China’s traditional culture. It is necessary to base this on the great practice of Chinese-path modernization, root it in the profound accumulation of Chinese civilization, and accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences with a high degree of academic consciousness. Lin Shangli proposed that it is necessary to adhere to using the Marxist scientific worldview and methodology to observe Chinese practice, the development of the times, and human progress; to systematically summarize, research, and explain the new concepts, new categories, new values, and new theories of China’s development; and thereby construct an independent knowledge system for China that is valuable to China and meaningful to the world. Sun Zhengyu proposed that constructing an independent knowledge system for China should be oriented towards the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, refining “new theories with academic rationality,” summarizing “new practices with regularity,” and forming “original concepts” and “signature concepts” with subjectivity and autonomy. Wu Xiaoming rethought the definitional form of philosophy from the perspective of the fundamental difference between Chinese and Western philosophy. He proposed that the essence of Western philosophy is metaphysics, while Chinese philosophy lies outside metaphysics and, by its very nature, has always been outside metaphysics. The fact that Western philosophy is directly the substance of metaphysics has been greatly disturbed and obscured, so that superficial deliberation over the name “philosophy” has not prevented the coercive imposition of Western standards.

赵芮提出，构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，其根本遵循是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，本质特征是主体性和原创性，根本途径是“两个结合”。要立足于中国式现代化伟大实践，植根于中华文明深厚积淀，以高度的学术自觉加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。林尚立提出，要坚持以马克思主义科学的世界观和方法论观照中国实践、时代发展和人类进步，系统概括、研究和阐释中国发展的新概念、新范畴、新价值、新理论，从而构建对中国有价值、对世界有意义的中国自主的知识体系。孙正聿提出，建构中国自主知识体系，要面向中国特色社会主义的伟大实践，提炼出“有学理性的新理论”，概括出“有规律性的新实践”，形成具有主体性和自主性的“原创性概念”和“标识性概念”。吴晓明从中西哲学根本差别的角度重新思考了哲学的定义形式，他提出西方哲学的实质是形而上学，而中国哲学则在形而上学之外，并且依其本质一向就在形而上学之外。西方哲学径直就是形而上学的实质曾被极大地搅扰和遮蔽了，因此对于“哲学”之名的表面斟酌并未阻止西方尺度的强制性滥用。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s congratulatory letter to the first World Conference of Classics pointed out that China is actively committed to promoting the inheritance and development of civilizations, promoting global civilizational dialogue, focusing on seeking wisdom and drawing nourishment from different civilizations, and is willing to work with all parties to implement the Global Civilization Initiative, jointly address the various challenges facing humanity, and jointly promote the development and progress of human civilization. Zang Fengyu proposed that in the face of the changes unseen in a century in the world, we should promote dialogue and integration between classical civilizations with a modern consciousness that meets the needs of the times, realize mutual learning among diverse civilizations and the development of global civilizations, promote comparative civilizational research and civilizational exchange and mutual learning, create a new form of human civilization, and establish a civilizational foundation for building a community with a shared future for mankind. Ding Liqun proposed that the diversity and intermingling of civilizations are not only a historical accumulation but also the foundation for the sustainable development of the world in the future. Our excavation of the resources of classical civilizations does not lie in simply restoring their original appearance, nor is it about advocating cultural “fundamentalism,” but rather in implementing the Global Civilization Initiative, jointly addressing the various challenges currently faced by humanity, jointly promoting the development and progress of human civilization, and creating a new form of human civilization.

习近平总书记致首届世界古典学大会的贺信指出，中国积极致力于推动文明传承发展，促进全球文明对话，注重从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养，愿同各方一道，践行全球文明倡议，携手解决人类共同面临的各种挑战，共同推动人类文明发展进步。臧峰宇提出，面对世界百年未有之大变局，我们应以符合时代发展需要的现代意识推动古典文明对话与交融，实现多元文明互鉴与全球文明发展，促进比较文明研究与文明交流互鉴，创造人类文明新形态，为构建人类命运共同体确立文明根基。丁立群提出，文明的多样性和交融性不仅是历史的积淀，更是未来世界持续发展的根基。我们挖掘古典文明的资源并不在于简单地恢复其原貌，更不是提倡文化的“原教旨主义”，而在于践行全球文明倡议，携手解决人类当前共同面临的各种挑战，共同推动人类文明发展进步，创造人类文明新形态。

Academic circles have put forward a series of new insights concerning the history of the development of Marx’s thought. Yang Haifeng proposed that after 1845 there was another logical shift in the development of Marx’s philosophical thought, namely the shift from the logic of production to the logic of capital, a shift that runs from *The German Ideology* through the *Grundrisse* to *Capital*. In this third shift, Marx’s philosophy, economics and socialist thought merged into one. Liu Enzhi proposed that after the shift to historical materialism in 1845, Marx underwent another intellectual shift: the cluster of texts from 1847 represented by *The Poverty of Philosophy* and *Wage Labour and Capital* marks the birth of Marx’s “capital-view of relations of production,” and with this Marx entered the mature period of his critical theory of capital. Zhang Yibing proposed that Marx gradually shifted in theory from a critique of bourgeois society to a critique of the capitalist mode of production, and that his scientific understanding of the capitalist mode of production constitutes the so-called “third great discovery.”

学术界围绕马克思思想的发展史提出了一系列新见解。仰海峰提出，马克思哲学思想发展在1845年之后还有一次逻辑转变，即自生产逻辑向资本逻辑的转变，这是自《德意志意识形态》经《1857—1858年经济学手稿》到《资本论》的转变。在第三次转变中，马克思的哲学、经济学与社会主义思想融为一体。刘恩至提出，在1845年的唯物史观转变之后，马克思又发生了一次思想转变，即以《哲学的贫困》和《雇佣劳动与资本》为代表的1847年文本群标志着马克思的“生产关系资本观”的诞生，马克思由此进入了资本批判理论的成熟时期。张一兵提出，马克思在理论上逐步从资产阶级社会批判向资本主义生产方式批判转换，其对资本主义生产方式的科学认识是所谓的“第三个伟大发现”。

After political philosophy became a second-level discipline, research on Marx’s political philosophy also became a hot topic of the year. Li Dianlai proposed that political philosophy is Marx’s first philosophy; identifying political philosophy, which has a “holistic” character, as Marx’s “first philosophy” can both systematically integrate the different parts of Marx’s philosophy and help overcome the erroneous tendency to explain Marx’s philosophy through empirical science or ethical moralism. Xia Ying opposed this view, proposing that Marx had no political philosophy, only a social philosophy. Historical materialism is founded on the basis that civil “society” determines the “political” state; political forms and their emancipation are, in Marx’s “social” context, always transitional stages to be superseded, and cannot bear the weight of “first philosophy.” Li Yushu proposed that Marx’s political-philosophical revolution is mainly manifested in overturning the traditional attitude toward the political community, endowing civil society with political content, revealing the political content and social power inherent in the economy, realizing the mutual attribution of properties between the categories of the political and the economic, and thereby changing the mode of participation in politics. Jiang Chang et al. proposed that the emergence of Marx and Engels’ political philosophy was marked by the publication of the *Communist Manifesto*, but its argumentation was not completed until the completion of the draft of *Capital*. The political philosophy founded by Marx and Engels provided political philosophy with the theoretical foundation of historical materialism.

政治哲学成为二级学科点以后，围绕马克思政治哲学的研究也成为一个年度热点。李佃来提出，政治哲学是马克思的第一哲学，将具有“整全性”特质的政治哲学认定为马克思的“第一哲学”，既能够在体系上融贯马克思哲学的不同部分，也有利于克服用实证科学或伦理道德主义来解释马克思哲学的错误倾向。夏莹反对这一观点，提出马克思没有政治哲学，只有社会哲学。唯物史观建立在对于市民“社会”决定“政治”国家的基础之上，政治形式及其解放在马克思的“社会”语境下从来都是有待扬弃的过渡阶段，并不能担当“第一哲学”的重任。李育书提出，马克思的政治哲学革命主要体现为颠覆了对待政治共同体的传统态度，赋予市民社会以政治内涵，揭示了经济所具有的政治内涵和社会权力，实现了政治范畴与经济范畴的属性互赋，并由此改变了参与政治的方式。江畅等提出，马克思恩格斯政治哲学的产生以《共产党宣言》的发表为标志，但其论证到《资本论》草稿完成才结束。马克思恩格斯创立的政治哲学给政治哲学提供了唯物史观的理论基础。

Reflections and Prospects

反思与展望

In 2024, the academic and theoretical circles commemorated a number of senior Marxist scholars, including Xiao Qian, Gao Qinghai, Yu Wujin, Chen Xianda, and Qi Zhenhai, and organized, reviewed and rethought their academic contributions. It is precisely through the continuous inheritance and retrospection of the academic lineage that China’s contemporary thought moves toward the future. The development of China’s discipline of Marxist theory must inherit the fine traditions of senior scholars, adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, adhere to the Two Integrations [7]7 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture., take root in the soil of China, continue the thread of Chinese civilization, and deepen the academic foundation, so as to conduct in-depth research on the major issues in the practice of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and make greater contributions to adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

2024年学术理论界纪念了萧前、高清海、俞吾金、陈先达、齐振海等多位马克思主义前辈学者，对他们的学术贡献做了整理、回顾和重思。中国的当代思想正是在学脉的不断传承和回望中走向未来，我国马克思主义理论学科的发展要继承前辈学者的优良传统，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持“两个结合”，扎根中国大地、赓续中华文脉、厚植学术根基，深入研究以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业实践中的重大问题，为推进马克思主义中国化时代化作出更大贡献。

(Author: Marxist Theory Department, Social Sciences in China Press; Writer: Xiao Zhi)

（作者：中国社会科学杂志社马克思主义理论部 执笔：骁鸷）

Online Editor: Hui Hui

网络编辑：慧慧