Understanding the Connotations of New Quality Productive Forces

Accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces is a key move for China to seize the opportunities of the new round of technological revolution, build a modern industrial system, and thereby comprehensively shape new advantages for development. We must fully leverage advantages such as a complete industrial system and a super-large market to accelerate the cultivation of new quality productive forces.

加快形成新质生产力，是我国把握新一轮科技革命机遇、建设现代化产业体系，进而全面塑造发展新优势的关键之举。我们要充分发挥产业体系完备、超大规模市场等优势，加快培育新质生产力。

New quality productive forces are a concrete manifestation of advanced productive forces and can be understood from the two aspects of “new” and “quality.” From the perspective of “new,” the inherent requirement of new quality productive forces is innovation, which includes not only innovation at the level of technology and business models but also innovation at the level of management and institutions, thereby providing an environment conducive to their vigorous development. “Quality” is the determination that makes a thing what it is and distinguishes it from other things. New quality productive forces are not a partial optimization or simple iteration of traditional productive forces, but rather contemporary advanced productive forces spawned by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Intelligent, numerically controlled, complex, and refined production tools can serve as important markers of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to continuously enhance the level of intelligent and precise control at the micro-nano scale, accelerate the independent research and development process of lithography machines, high-end CNC machine tools, etc., and provide guarantees for innovative development in fields such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. Relying on major scientific and technological achievements such as Tiangong, Tianyan, Jiaolong, Mozi, Wukong, and large aircraft, accelerate the development of related industries. [1]1 Tiangong (China’s space station), Tianyan (the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, FAST), Jiaolong (a manned deep-sea submersible), Mozi (a quantum science satellite), Wukong (a dark matter particle detection satellite), and large aircraft (the C919 commercial airliner) are landmark achievements of China’s independent scientific and technological innovation.

新质生产力是先进生产力的具体体现，可从“新”和“质”两个方面理解。从“新”的角度看，新质生产力的内在要求是创新，不仅包括技术和业态模式层面的创新，还包括管理和制度层面的创新，从而提供有利于其蓬勃发展的环境。“质”是一事物成为其自身并区别于其他事物的规定性，新质生产力不是传统生产力的局部优化与简单迭代，而是由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生的当代先进生产力。智能化、数控化、复杂化、精细化的生产工具可以作为新质生产力的重要标志。要持续增强微观纳米尺度的智能精准操控水平，加快推动光刻机、高端数控机床等自主研发进程，为大数据、云计算、人工智能、区块链等领域的创新发展提供保障。依托天宫、天眼、蛟龙、墨子、悟空、大飞机等重大科技成果，加快相关产业发展。

New quality productive forces are the source of power supporting the innovative development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and also a key force driving the construction of a modern industrial system. On the one hand, focusing on strategic emerging industry fields such as the new generation of information technology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy vehicles, green environmental protection, civil aviation, and ship and marine engineering equipment, accelerate the formation of strong momentum leading industrial development. Ensure the security and stability of industrial and supply chains, and concentrate efforts on strengthening, supplementing, and extending industrial chains. Vigorously build original technology sources, promote breakthroughs in key generic technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, and disruptive technologies, and cultivate several world-class strategic emerging industry clusters with international competitiveness. On the other hand, lead the innovative development of future industries. The technological routes of future industries are uncertain, development models are unfixed, and technological paradigms have yet to be formed. It is necessary to accelerate exploration and practice in aspects such as technological routes, underlying logic, standard systems, and business ideas. Rely on the scale and application advantages of the internet, increase frontier exploration in fields such as future networks, the metaverse, generative artificial intelligence, and future displays, and accelerate the pace of industrialization; increase investment in scientific research in fields such as brain-inspired intelligence, brain-computer interfaces, and humanoid robots, and explore commercial and industrial operation models; vigorously develop quantum information, gene technology, life sciences, deep-sea and deep-space development, hydrogen energy and energy storage, etc., providing a source of innovation for the development of future industries.

新质生产力是支撑战略性新兴产业和未来产业创新发展的动力来源，也是推动构建现代化产业体系的关键力量。一方面，围绕新一代信息技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备制造、新能源汽车、绿色环保、民用航空、船舶与海洋工程装备等战略性新兴产业领域，加快形成引领产业发展的强大动能。保障产业链供应链安全稳定，聚力推进产业强链补链延链。大力打造原创技术策源地，推动关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、颠覆性技术创新突破，培育若干具有国际竞争力的世界级战略性新兴产业集群。另一方面，引领未来产业创新发展。未来产业技术路线不确定、发展模式不固定、技术范式有待形成，要在技术路线、底层逻辑、标准体系、经营思路等方面加快探索实践。要依托互联网规模优势和应用优势，加大未来网络、元宇宙、生成式人工智能、未来显示等领域的前沿探索，加快产业化发展步伐；加大类脑智能、脑机接口、人形机器人等领域的科学研究投入力度，探索商业化、产业化运行模式；大力发展量子信息、基因技术、生命科学、深海空天开发、氢能与储能等，为未来产业发展提供创新源泉。

New quality productive forces are a key driving force for promoting the conversion of old and new drivers of growth, achieving a transformation of the development model, and leading high-quality development. It is necessary to rely on resource and factor endowments, locational advantages, and industrial foundations to accelerate the empowerment of traditional industries by new quality productive forces for transformation, restructuring, and upgrading, and promote intelligent, green, and high-end industrial development. Comply with the development trends of new quality productive forces, accelerate the formation of new pillar industries, cultivate new drivers of development, and achieve the successive conversion of old and new drivers. Rely on new quality productive forces to promote changes in technology, business models, models, and systems and mechanisms, and promote the continuous emergence of disruptive innovation and incremental innovation. Effectively leverage the empowering role of data factors, promote the digital transformation of all factors, realize the organic integration of the industrial internet and the consumer internet, and drive technological and industrial change to accelerate in the direction of informatization, digitalization, and intelligence.

新质生产力是推动新旧动能转换、实现发展方式转变并引领高质量发展的关键动力。要依托资源要素禀赋、区位优势和产业基础，加快新质生产力赋能传统产业改造、转型、升级，推进产业智能化、绿色化、高端化发展。顺应新质生产力发展趋势，加快形成新的支柱产业，培育发展新动能，实现新旧动能接续转换。依托新质生产力推动技术、业态、模式、体制机制变革，推动颠覆式创新与渐进式创新持续涌现。切实发挥数据要素的赋能作用，推进全要素数字化转型，实现工业互联网与消费互联网有机融合，推动技术和产业变革朝着信息化、数字化、智能化方向加速演进。

New quality productive forces are a key factor in competition among major powers. In recent years, the United States and other Western countries have built “small yards, high fences” in the field of high technology, abusing technological hegemony to suppress competitors, which has adversely affected China’s scientific and technological progress and industrial development. Achieving a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and accelerating the development of new quality productive forces, are of great significance for building an autonomous, controllable, safe, and efficient industrial and supply chain. Core technologies cannot be obtained by begging; they must be achieved through self-reliance. We must rely on independent innovation for development and carry out organized scientific research and innovation around the needs of economic and social development. At the same time, it must be recognized that breakthroughs in core technologies are not achieved overnight; strategic focus must be maintained, focusing on shortcomings in the industrial chain, “bottleneck” technologies, key components, future technologies, etc., and accelerating breakthroughs in key generic technologies through the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources. [2]2 The “new nationwide system for mobilizing resources” (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led mechanism that concentrates national resources to achieve breakthroughs in strategic technologies, updated from the planned-economy-era system to incorporate market mechanisms and enterprise participation. Use systems such as “open competition for project leadership” and “horse racing” to select research teams and leaders, grant researchers greater autonomy, and support young scientific and technological talents in taking on major roles and responsibilities in key scientific research projects. Encourage and support various business entities such as leading enterprises in sub-sectors, unicorn companies, and specialized and new “little giant” enterprises to play an important role in tackling key generic technologies and cutting-edge leading technologies, and continuously stimulate innovation momentum with a good business environment and innovation ecosystem.

新质生产力是大国竞争的关键因素。近年来，美国等西方国家在高技术领域构筑“小院高墙”，滥用科技霸权打压竞争对手，我国科技进步和产业发展受到不利影响。实现高水平科技自立自强，加快发展新质生产力，对于构建自主可控、安全高效的产业链供应链意义重大。核心技术靠化缘是要不来的，必须靠自力更生。我们必须依靠自主创新谋发展，围绕经济社会发展需要开展有组织的科研创新。同时也要看到，核心技术突破并非一朝一夕之功，需要保持战略定力，聚焦产业链短板、“卡脖子”技术、关键零部件、未来技术等，通过新型举国体制加快实现关键共性技术突破。以“揭榜挂帅”“赛马”等制度遴选攻关团队与带头人，赋予科研人员更大的自主权，支持青年科技人才在重大科研攻关项目中挑大梁担重任。鼓励支持细分行业领军企业、独角兽企业、专精特新“小巨人”企业等各类经营主体在关键共性技术、前沿引领技术创新攻关中发挥重要作用，以良好的营商环境和创新生态不断激发创新动能。

Online editor: Zhang Fujun

网络编辑：张福军