Grasping the Scientific Methods for Doing Economic Work in the New Era

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC states, “To continue advancing theoretical innovation on the basis of practical experience, we must, first of all, gain a good command of the worldview and methodology of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and adhere to and make good use of its stances, viewpoints, and methods.” The worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are concentrated in the “six imperatives”: it is imperative to put the people first, to maintain self-confidence and self-reliance, to uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, to adopt a problem-oriented approach, to apply systems thinking, and to maintain a global vision.

党的二十大报告提出，“继续推进实践基础上的理论创新，首先要把握好新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，坚持好、运用好贯穿其中的立场观点方法”。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论集中体现为“六个必须坚持”：必须坚持人民至上、必须坚持自信自立、必须坚持守正创新、必须坚持问题导向、必须坚持系统观念、必须坚持胸怀天下。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to deeply understand economic laws, accurately grasp the grand logic of China’s economic and social development, advance socialist economic construction, and, proceeding from new realities, put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, profoundly answering the questions of the times, the people, and history concerning China’s economic development, thereby forming Xi Jinping’s economic thought. This thought is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Xi Jinping’s economic thought is rigorous in system and broad in content, covering all aspects of economic work. Studying and comprehending this thought from a methodological perspective enables, on the one hand, a better understanding of its theoretical character and distinctive features and a grasp of the essence of this scientific thought; on the other hand, it facilitates a complete, accurate, and comprehensive understanding that Xi Jinping’s economic thought is the fundamental guidance and action guide for doing economic work in the New Era, thereby better advancing various economic undertakings.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义世界观和方法论深刻认识经济规律，准确把握我国经济社会发展大逻辑，推进社会主义经济建设，从新的实际出发，提出了一系列新理念新思想新战略，深刻回答了我国经济发展的时代之问、人民之问、历史之问，形成了习近平经济思想。这一思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分。习近平经济思想体系严整、内容博大，涉及经济工作的方方面面。从方法论角度学习领会这一思想，一方面能够更好地理解习近平经济思想的理论品格和鲜明特质，把握这一科学思想的精髓；另一方面有利于完整、准确、全面理解习近平经济思想是新时代做好经济工作的根本遵循和行动指南，更好推进各项经济事业向前发展。

Combining the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on the methodology for doing economic work, this article focuses on elaborating the scientific methods embedded in Xi Jinping’s economic thought from the following aspects: putting the people first, maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance, applying systems thinking, adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and combining a problem-oriented approach with a goal-oriented approach.

结合习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，以及习近平总书记关于做好经济工作的方法论的重要论述，着重从以下几个方面阐述习近平经济思想蕴含的科学方法，如坚持人民至上、坚持自信自立、坚持系统观念、坚持稳中求进工作总基调、坚持守正创新、坚持问题导向与目标导向相结合等。

Putting the people first carries the original aspiration and founding mission of the Chinese Communists and manifests the fundamental stance of China’s economic development; maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance is an important principle that a major party and major country like ours must adhere to, providing a strategic foundation for advancing economic work in the New Era; applying systems thinking is a fundamental thought and working method, providing a scientific thought method for implementing the new development philosophy, fostering a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development; adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability is an important principle of our Party’s governance and a strategic guide for achieving the organic unity of reform, development, and stability; upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground embodies the dialectical unity of “change” and “constancy,” inheritance and development, and principle and creativity, serving as an important guideline for ensuring that the giant ship of China’s economy stays on the right course and sails steadily; combining a goal-oriented approach with a problem-oriented approach is an important working method consistently upheld by our Party in the practices of revolution, construction, and reform, and a key strategy for coordinating near-term work with long-term goals and balancing local optimization with overall optimization.

坚持人民至上承载着中国共产党人的初心和使命，彰显了我国经济发展的根本立场；坚持自信自立是我们这样一个大党大国必须坚持的重要原则，为推动新时代经济工作提供了战略基点；坚持系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法，为贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展提供了科学思想方法；坚持稳中求进工作总基调是我们党治国理政的重要原则，是实现改革、发展、稳定三者有机统一的战略指引；坚持守正创新体现了“变”与“不变”、继承与发展、原则性与创造性的辩证统一，是确保中国经济巨轮航向正确、行稳致远的重要遵循；坚持目标导向和问题导向相统一是我们党在革命、建设和改革实践中始终秉持的重要工作方法，是统筹近期工作与长远目标、平衡局部优化与全局优化的重要策略。

Putting the People First

坚持人民至上

Born for the people, thriving because of the people, always standing with the people, and striving for the interests of the people—this is the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of our Party’s founding, development, and strengthening. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, our Party has always anchored itself to the principle that “the people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal,” kept in mind that “the country is the people and the people are the country,” upheld the belief that “making the people’s lives happy is the ‘greatest concern of the state,’” [1]1 “The greatest concern of the state” (国之大者) is a phrase used by Xi Jinping to refer to the most fundamental and and insisted that “serving the people and bringing them well-being is the most important political achievement,” [2]2 “Bottlenecks” (卡脖子) refers to key core technologies in which China is dependent on foreign countries and faces restrictions or blockades, often translated as “stranglehold” or “bottleneck” issues. thereby writing a magnificent chapter of national prosperity, national rejuvenation, and people’s happiness. Our Party integrates the people-centered development philosophy into the practice of economic development, consistently taking the enhancement of people’s well-being, the promotion of well-rounded human development, and the steady progress toward common prosperity as the starting point and ultimate goal of China’s economic development, continuously meeting the people’s needs for a better life.

为人民而生，因人民而兴，始终同人民在一起，为人民利益而奋斗，是我们党立党兴党强党的根本出发点和落脚点。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我们党始终锚定“人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标”，牢记“江山就是人民，人民就是江山”，秉持“让人民生活幸福是‘国之大者’”，坚持“把为民办事、为民造福作为最重要的政绩”，书写下国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的壮美华章。我们党将以人民为中心的发展思想融汇在经济发展实践之中，始终把增进人民福祉、促进人的全面发展、朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进作为我国经济发展的出发点和落脚点，不断满足人民群众对美好生活的需要。

Affinity to the people is the essential attribute of Marxism, and the people’s stance is the fundamental political stance of the Chinese Communist Party. Xi Jinping’s economic thought emphasizes development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people; it focuses on ensuring and improving people’s well-being through development, unswervingly follows the path of common prosperity, and continuously enhances the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, manifesting the fundamental value orientation of people-centeredness and putting the people first. On the new journey of the New Era, when we deploy economic work, formulate economic policies, and promote economic development, we must firmly adhere to this fundamental stance and never forget it at any time.

人民性是马克思主义的本质属性，人民立场是中国共产党的根本政治立场。习近平经济思想强调发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，注重在发展中保障和改善民生，坚定不移走共同富裕的道路，不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感，彰显了以人为本、人民至上的根本价值取向。新时代新征程，我们部署经济工作、制定经济政策、推动经济发展，都要牢牢坚持这个根本立场，任何时候都不能忘记。

Improving people’s well-being is the fundamental purpose of development. Throughout the entire process of development, we must pay attention to people’s well-being, ensure it, and improve it, so that the fruits of reform and development benefit the broad masses of the people more and more fairly, enabling the people to have a greater sense of gain in joint contribution and shared development. To ensure and improve people’s well-being through development, we must firmly grasp the most immediate and realistic issues of greatest concern to the people, adopt measures that are more targeted, cover a wider scope, have a more direct effect, and produce more obvious results, and do a good job in practical matters concerning people’s well-being such as employment, education, social security, healthcare, elderly care, childcare, and housing, continuously making new progress in ensuring children’s education, people’s employment, the sick’s medical care, the elderly’s care, housing, and support for the vulnerable. [3]3 合力 (helì) — A term meaning "combined force" or "synergy," often used in CPC discourse to describe the collective strength generated by the unity of all social forces under Party leadership.

增进民生福祉是发展的根本目的。在整个发展过程中，都要注重民生、保障民生、改善民生，让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及广大人民群众，使人民群众在共建共享发展中有更多获得感。在发展中保障和改善民生，必须紧紧抓住人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，采取针对性更强、覆盖面更大、作用更直接、效果更明显的举措，办好就业、教育、社保、医疗、养老、托幼、住房等民生实事，不断推动幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶取得新进展。

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communist Party has led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to win the battle against poverty and build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, creating favorable conditions for promoting common prosperity. Now, we have formed a complete set of ideological concepts, institutional arrangements, and policy measures to promote common prosperity for all the people, and we have reached the historical stage of solidly advancing common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that to adapt to the changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society and better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, we must take promoting common prosperity for all the people as the focal point for seeking happiness for the people and continuously consolidate the Party’s long-term governance foundation. On the new journey toward the second centenary goal, [4]4 定型 (dìngxíng) — Literally "finalized in form," a term used in CPC economic discourse to describe a system that has reached a mature and stable stage of institutionalization. we must adhere to the principle of putting the people first, promote common prosperity through high-quality development, and correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness. That is to say, while making and growing the “cake” bigger, we must also cut and distribute the “cake” well. From the perspective of making and growing the “cake” bigger, we must strive to promote high-quality development, accelerate the improvement of the socialist market economy system, and make China’s economic development more balanced, coordinated, and inclusive, thereby providing a more solid material and technological foundation for achieving common prosperity for all the people. From the perspective of cutting and distributing the “cake” well, we must correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, build a basic institutional arrangement for coordinated primary, secondary, and tertiary distribution, expand the proportion of the middle-income group, increase the income of low-income groups, reasonably regulate high incomes, and ban illegal incomes, thereby forming an olive-shaped distribution structure with a large middle and small ends, narrowing the income distribution gap, promoting well-rounded human development, and enabling all the people to steadily advance toward the goal of common prosperity. Achieving common prosperity is a long-term task that requires a process and cannot be accomplished overnight. We must have a full estimate of its long-term nature, arduousness, and complexity. We must proceed step by step, work with down-to-earth efforts, persevere without letup, hold on firmly without wavering, and continuously make new progress.

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求，是中国式现代化的重要特征。党的十八大以来，中国共产党带领全国各族人民打赢脱贫攻坚战，全面建成小康社会，为促进共同富裕创造了良好条件。现在，我们已经形成促进全体人民共同富裕的一整套思想理念、制度安排、政策举措，到了扎实推动共同富裕的历史阶段。习近平总书记强调，适应我国社会主要矛盾的变化，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，必须把促进全体人民共同富裕作为为人民谋幸福的着力点，不断夯实党长期执政基础。在向第二个百年奋斗目标迈进的新征程上，必须坚持人民至上原则，在高质量发展中促进共同富裕，正确处理效率和公平的关系。也就是说，在做大做好“蛋糕”的同时，切好分好“蛋糕”。从做大做好“蛋糕”的角度看，要着力推动高质量发展，加快完善社会主义市场经济体制，推动我国经济发展更平衡、更协调、更包容，为实现全体人民共同富裕提供更为坚实的物质技术基础。从切好分好“蛋糕”的角度看，要正确处理效率和公平的关系，构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的基础性制度安排，扩大中等收入群体比重，增加低收入群体收入，合理调节高收入，取缔非法收入，从而形成中间大、两头小的橄榄型分配结构，缩小收入分配差距，促进人的全面发展，使全体人民朝着共同富裕目标扎实迈进。实现共同富裕是一个长期任务，需要一个过程，不可能一蹴而就，对其长期性、艰巨性、复杂性要有充分估计。我们必须循序渐进，脚踏实地，久久为功，咬定青山不放松，不断取得新进展。

Maintaining Self-Confidence and Self-Reliance

坚持自信自立

In human history, no nation or country has achieved strength and rejuvenation by relying on external forces or following others step by step. This is especially true for China, which has a long history. Chinese civilization has continued uninterrupted for thousands of years and has endured repeated hardships without decline—this is a miracle of human civilization and the source of our confidence. Since the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, we have completed the industrialization process that took Western developed countries several hundred years in just a few decades, creating the miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, standing proudly among the nations of the world with a renewed image, further enhancing our self-confidence. China’s problems must be solved by the Chinese people themselves, based on China’s basic national conditions.

人类历史上，没有一个民族、没有一个国家可以通过依赖外部力量、跟在他人后面亦步亦趋实现强大和振兴。对于有着悠久历史的中国而言更是如此。中华文明历经数千年而绵延不绝、迭遭忧患而经久不衰，这是人类文明的奇迹，也是我们自信的底气。新中国成立特别是改革开放以来，我们用几十年时间走完西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹，以焕然一新的姿态自立于世界民族之林，进一步增强了我们的自信心。中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发，由中国人自己来解答。

Xi Jinping’s economic thought stands at the forefront of the times, discerns the trends of the era, grasps the pulse of the age, and, based on the historical juncture of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering the New Era, proposes the overall coordination of the strategic plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world. It emphasizes the need to accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, and proactively seek change; to place the development of the country and the nation on the foundation of our own strength; to firmly grasp the destiny of China’s development and progress in our own hands; to concentrate on handling our own affairs well; and to achieve “sitting firmly in the fishing boat despite the rising wind and waves” [2]2 “Bottlenecks” (卡脖子) refers to key core technologies in which China is dependent on foreign countries and faces restrictions or blockades, often translated as “stranglehold” or “bottleneck” issues., thereby providing strategic guidance for economic work in the New Era.

习近平经济思想站在时代前沿，洞察时代风云，把握时代脉搏，立足中国特色社会主义进入新时代的历史方位，提出统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，强调要准确识变、科学应变、主动求变，把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中，集中精力办好自己的事情，做到“任凭风浪起，稳坐钓鱼船”，为新时代经济工作提供了战略指引。

Accelerating the establishment of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi

加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持自信自立，根据我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化作出的重大决策。当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，全球动荡源和风险点明显增加。面对错综复杂的局面，构建新发展格局是我们把握发展主动权的先手棋，不是被迫之举和权宜之计。加快构建新发展格局，就是要在各种可以预见和难以预见的狂风暴雨、惊涛骇浪中，增强我们的生存力、竞争力、发展力、持续力，确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不被迟滞甚至中断。一方面，大国经济的特征是以内需为主导、内部可循环的。我国作为全球第二大经济体和制造业第一大国，国内经济循环同国际经济循环的关系客观上早有调整的要求。这是我们提出构建新发展格局的首要考虑。另一方面，在当前国际形势充满不稳定性不确定性的背景下，立足国内、依托国内大市场优势，充分挖掘内需潜力，有利于化解外部冲击和外需下降带来的影响，也有利于在极端情况下保证我国经济基本正常运行和社会大局总体稳定。

To construct the new pattern of development, it is necessary to smooth the circulation of the national economy and strengthen the dominant position of the domestic economic cycle. On the one hand, we must accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, take meeting domestic demand as the basic foothold, organically integrate the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening supply-side structural reform, and strive to enhance the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand, forming a higher-level dynamic equilibrium in which demand drives supply and supply creates demand. On the other hand, we must accelerate scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, fight the tough battle for key core technologies, promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial and supply chains, and form a virtuous cycle of the national economy. Under the premise of adhering to independence and self-reliance, the construction of the new pattern of development must also take the unimpeded flow of the domestic economic cycle and the stable growth of China’s economy as strategic support, improve the quality and level of the international economic cycle, form a strong attraction for all kinds of global factors and resources and a strong competitiveness in fierce international competition, thereby opening China’s door ever wider and promoting the mutual reinforcement of the domestic and international dual circulations.

构建新发展格局，必须畅通国民经济循环、增强国内大循环主体地位。一方面，要加快培育完整内需体系，以满足国内需求为基本立足点，把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来，着力提升供给体系对国内需求的适配性，形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡；另一方面，要加快科技自立自强，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，推动产业链供应链优化升级，形成国民经济良性循环。在坚持独立自主、自力更生的前提下，新发展格局的构建还要以国内大循环的畅通无阻和我国经济的稳定增长为战略支撑，提升国际循环质量和水平，形成对全球各类要素资源的强大吸引力和在激烈国际竞争中的强大竞争力，从而将中国开放的大门越开越大，推动国内国际双循环相互促进。

Adhere to the Systems Approach

坚持系统观念

The systems approach is an important category of Marxist epistemology and methodology, and an important methodology in Xi Jinping’s economic thought for analyzing economic phenomena and solving economic problems. All things are interconnected and interdependent. As a large developing country, China’s economic system is an interconnected whole and a complex system of interaction, in which various elements, fields, and aspects influence and constrain each other. Only by observing China’s economy from the perspective of universal connection, comprehensive system, and development and change, and by strengthening strategic, systematic, and forward-looking research and planning, can we grasp its laws of development and operation, and scientifically implement policies, coordinate efforts, and form synergy, so that all aspects of the economic system promote each other and deepen the practice of promoting high-quality development.

系统观念是马克思主义认识论和方法论的重要范畴，是习近平经济思想分析经济现象和解决经济问题的重要方法论。万事万物是相互联系、相互依存的。作为发展中大国，我国的经济体系是相互联系的整体、相互作用的复杂系统，其中的各要素、各领域、各方面之间相互影响、相互制约。只有用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点观察中国经济，加强战略性、系统性、前瞻性研究谋划，才能把握其发展运行规律，并科学施策、协同发力、形成合力，使得经济体系的各个方面相互促进，把推动经济高质量发展的实践引向深入。

The new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing are the theoretical crystallization formed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core adhering to the systems approach and integrating the basic principles of Marxist political economy with the economic practice of the New Era. Adhering to the new development concepts is the guiding principle for China’s economic development in the New Era. Among the new development concepts, innovation is the primary driving force for development, coordination is an inherent requirement for sustained and healthy development, green is a necessary condition for sustainable development, openness is the only way for national prosperity and development, and sharing is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The five aspects interpenetrate and promote each other; they are a collection with internal connections, forming a systematic theoretical system.

创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持系统观念，把马克思主义政治经济学基本原理同新时代经济实践结合起来形成的理论结晶。坚持新发展理念是新时代我国经济发展的指导原则。在新发展理念当中，创新是引领发展的第一动力，协调是持续健康发展的内在要求，绿色是永续发展的必要条件，开放是国家繁荣发展的必由之路，共享是中国特色社会主义的本质要求。五个方面相互贯通、相互促进，是具有内在联系的集合体，构成了一个系统的理论体系。

As a baton and a traffic light, the new development concepts are a scientific guide leading the profound transformation of China’s overall development. Implementing the new development concepts focuses on being comprehensive, complete, and accurate. We must integrate the advocacy of innovation, the emphasis on coordination, the promotion of green, the cultivation of openness, and the advancement of sharing into a unified implementation; we cannot attend to one thing and lose sight of another, nor can we substitute one for another. No matter which development concept is not fully implemented, the development process will be affected. For example, regarding the relationship between innovative development and open development, one of the important goals of China’s current innovative development is to solve the problem of “bottlenecks” [2]2 “Bottlenecks” (卡脖子) refers to key core technologies in which China is dependent on foreign countries and faces restrictions or blockades, often translated as “stranglehold” or “bottleneck” issues. and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. However, this absolutely does not mean building behind closed doors and doing everything ourselves. Instead, we must adhere to the concept of open development, expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, strengthen the construction of an internationalized scientific research environment, and form an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. For another example, regarding the relationship between innovative development and green development, we cannot blindly launch projects under the banner of innovative development while ignoring industrial laws and our own conditions. Especially when the economy faces downward pressure, we must not turn a blind eye to ecological and environmental protection, avoiding phenomena such as a large number of proposed projects in emerging industries with high energy consumption that clearly contradict the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, thereby affecting the implementation of the green development concept.

作为指挥棒、红绿灯，新发展理念是引领我国发展全局深刻变革的科学指引。贯彻新发展理念，重在全面、完整、准确。要将崇尚创新、注重协调、倡导绿色、厚植开放、推进共享统一起来一体贯彻，不能顾此失彼，也不能相互替代。无论哪一个发展理念贯彻不到位，发展进程都会受到影响。例如，就创新发展和开放发展的关系而言，当前我国创新发展的重要目标之一是解决“卡脖子”问题，实现高水平科技自立自强，但这绝不等于关起门来搞建设，什么都要自己干，而是要坚持开放发展理念，扩大国际科技交流合作，加强国际化科研环境建设，形成具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态。又如，就创新发展和绿色发展的关系而言，不能以创新发展为名不顾产业规律和自身条件盲目上项目，特别是在经济面临下行压力时不可对生态环保睁一只眼闭一只眼，避免出现新兴产业拟建项目数量多、能耗大，与碳达峰、碳中和方向明显相悖等现象，从而影响绿色发展理念的贯彻落实。

In short, all regions and departments must, in their practical work, adhere to the systems approach, establish a sense of the overall situation, carry out systematic design in accordance with the integrity and interconnectedness of the new development concepts, strengthen policy coordination and institutional alignment, ensure that all work promotes each other and advances in tandem, and cannot fight alone, attend to one thing and lose sight of another, or be biased towards one side and neglect the other. We must improve the ability to make overall plans and coordinate progress, seek dynamic balance among multiple objectives, and strive to enhance the overall effectiveness of development.

总之，各地区各部门在实际工作中要坚持系统观念，树立大局意识，依照新发展理念的整体性和关联性进行系统设计，增强政策配套和制度衔接，做到各项工作相互促进、齐头并进，不能单打独斗、顾此失彼，不能偏执一方、畸轻畸重，要提高统筹谋划和协调推进能力，在多重目标中寻求动态平衡，着力提升整体发展效能。

Adhere to the General Principle of Pursuing Progress While Ensuring Stability

坚持稳中求进工作总基调

As a methodology for doing economic work well, adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability is the inheritance, development, and creative application of Marxist materialist dialectics by Xi Jinping’s economic thought. The materialist dialectical view that the development of things is the alternation of the old and the new and the transformation of quantity and quality lays the epistemological foundation for the relationship between stability and progress in economic work. Economic development itself is realized in the dynamic change of the relationship between stock and increment. The stock mentioned here includes not only the total economic volume but also the economic structure, requiring stability and balance; the increment is achieved through “progress” on the basis of the former’s “stability.”

作为做好经济工作的方法论，坚持稳中求进工作总基调是习近平经济思想对马克思主义唯物辩证法的继承发展和创造性运用。唯物辩证法关于事物的发展是新与旧的交替和质与量的转换的观点，奠定了经济工作中稳与进之间关系的认识论基础。经济发展本身就是在存量与增量关系的动态变化中实现的。这里所说的存量，不仅包括经济总量还包括经济结构，要求具有稳定性和均衡性；增量则是在前者“稳定”的基础上，通过“进取”得以实现。

To sum up, adhering to “pursuing progress while ensuring stability” means achieving both “stability” and “progress.” Without stability, progress cannot be made; without progress, stability is difficult to maintain. The two complement and promote each other. Expanding on this, “pursuing progress while ensuring stability” has two meanings: First, “stability,” with a focus on stabilizing economic operation and the overall social situation, is the main tone and the foundation and prerequisite for doing economic work well. Second, on the premise of “stability,” we must make progress in key areas, strive for achievements while grasping the proper limits, make new progress in transforming the economic development model, achieve new breakthroughs in deepening reform and opening up, and achieve new results in improving people’s livelihoods, realizing the organic unity of reform, development, and stability.

概括起来说，坚持“稳中求进”就是要实现既“稳”且“进”。不稳无法进，不进难以稳，两者相辅相成、相互促进。扩展开来看，“稳中求进”有两层含义：其一，以稳定经济运行和社会大局为重点的“稳”是主基调，是做好经济工作的基础和前提；其二，在“稳”的前提下，要在关键领域有所进取，在把握好度的前提下奋发有为，在转变经济发展方式上取得新进展，在深化改革开放上取得新突破，在改善民生上取得新成效，实现改革、发展、稳定三者有机统一。

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always scientifically grasped the dialectical relationship between “stability” and “progress” when analyzing and judging the economic situation, repeatedly emphasizing the need to adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. When formulating economic policies, it strives to seek progress through stability and consolidate stability through progress, and always grasps the initiative in development while responding to various predictable and unpredictable risks and challenges.

以习近平同志为核心的党中央在分析研判经济形势时始终科学把握“稳”与“进”的辩证关系，反复强调要坚持稳中求进工作总基调，在制定经济政策时着力以稳求进、以进固稳，在应对各种可以预料和难以预料的风险挑战中始终把握住发展的主动权。

Focusing on the current economic development situation, the recently concluded meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee emphasized that, after the smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control, economic recovery is a process of wave-like development and tortuous progress. This important judgment indicates that the various difficulties and challenges currently facing China’s economic development are brought about by the superposition of multiple factors such as demand contraction, supply shocks, and weakening expectations. These factors cannot disappear in the short term, and economic recovery cannot be achieved overnight. To do a good job in economic work in the second half of the year, we must adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. “Stability” is mainly reflected in stabilizing economic operations and smoothing out the “waves and twists” that emerge during the economic recovery process. The policy orientation is to address the current situation of insufficient domestic demand by increasing the intensity of macro-policy regulation, focusing on expanding domestic demand, boosting confidence, and preventing risks, continuously promoting the sustained improvement of economic operations. “Progress” is mainly reflected in vigorously promoting the construction of a modern industrial system, continuously deepening reform and opening up, and increasing efforts to ensure people’s livelihood. By enhancing industrial competitiveness, optimizing the development environment, and expanding opening up to the outside world, we stabilize expectations, strengthen confidence, and enhance endogenous development momentum. In short, adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability under the new situation means basing ourselves on the overall situation, grasping the fundamentals, seeing the long-term trends clearly, following economic laws, and, on the premise of holding the bottom line of no systemic risks, better stimulating the enthusiasm of various business entities to start businesses and innovate, gathering a strong合力 [n] to promote high-quality development, and striving to achieve progress and breakthroughs in key areas.

聚焦当前的经济发展形势，不久前召开的中共中央政治局会议强调，疫情防控平稳转段后，经济恢复是一个波浪式发展、曲折式前进的过程。这一重要论断表明，我国经济发展目前面临的各种困难和挑战是需求收缩、供给冲击和预期转弱等多重因素叠加带来的，这些因素不可能在短期内消失，恢复经济也不可能是一日之功。做好下半年经济工作，要坚持稳中求进工作总基调。“稳”主要体现在稳定经济运行、熨平经济恢复过程中出现的“波浪和曲折”上。施策的取向是针对国内需求不足现状，加大宏观政策调控力度，着力扩大内需、提振信心、防范风险，不断推动经济运行持续好转。“进”主要体现在大力推动现代化产业体系建设、持续深化改革开放和加大民生保障力度上，通过提升产业竞争力、优化发展环境、扩大对外开放来稳定预期、增强信心，增强内生发展动力。总之，在新形势下坚持稳中求进工作总基调，就是要立足大局、抓住根本，看清长期趋势、遵循经济规律，在守住不发生系统性风险底线的前提下更好激发各类经营主体干事创业的积极性，汇聚推动高质量发展的强大合力，努力在关键领域实现进取和突破。

Adhering to Integrity and Innovation

坚持守正创新

Marxism is an open theoretical system that continuously develops; its most distinctive theoretical character is keeping pace with the times and pioneering innovation. Adhering to integrity and innovation follows the historical laws revealed by Marxist historical materialism. Integrity and innovation are unified. To achieve integrity and innovation means to develop through inheritance and innovate while maintaining integrity. On the one hand, in maintaining integrity, we must steady the helm and keep the course; on the other hand, in innovation, we must seek breakthroughs and set sail. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out that we are engaged in a great cause unprecedented in history. Only by maintaining integrity can we avoid losing our direction and making subversive mistakes; only by innovating can we grasp the times and lead the times. In the New Era, we must adhere to integrity as the foundation and innovation as the key, solving new contradictions and new problems through integrity and innovation, achieving new creations and new breakthroughs, fundamentally ensuring that integrity does not degenerate and innovation does not go astray, promoting the opening of new situations, writing new history, and creating new great achievements.

马克思主义是不断发展的开放的理论体系，其最鲜明的理论品格是与时俱进、开拓创新。守正创新遵循马克思主义唯物史观所揭示的历史规律。守正和创新是统一的。做到守正创新，就是要在继承中发展、在守正中创新。一方面在守正中要把稳舵盘、保持航向；另一方面要在创新中寻求突破、扬帆远航。党的二十大报告提出，我们从事的是前无古人的伟大事业，守正才能不迷失方向、不犯颠覆性错误，创新才能把握时代、引领时代。新时代要坚持守正为本、创新为要，在守正创新中解决新矛盾、新问题，实现新创造、新突破，从根本上确保守正不变质、创新不跑偏，推动开创新局面、书写新历史、创造新伟业。

Establishing a socialist market economy system is precisely such a great creation unprecedented in history. Can a socialist system engage in a market economy? This is a worldwide issue. The classical Marxist writers did not discuss it, and Western economists believe the two are incompatible. Our Party, based on China’s national conditions and development stage, creatively proposed developing a market economy under socialist conditions and creatively established a vibrant socialist market economy system. This is a new understanding and sublimation of the laws of socialist construction. A key factor in the great success of China’s economic development is that we have both leveraged the strengths of the market economy and brought into play the superiority of the socialist system.

建立社会主义市场经济体制就是这样一个前无古人的伟大创造。社会主义能否搞市场经济？这是一个世界性的课题，马克思主义经典作家没有讲过，西方经济学家认为二者互不兼容。我们党立足中国国情和发展阶段，创造性地提出在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，创造性地建立起富有活力的社会主义市场经济体制。这是对社会主义建设规律新的认识和升华。我国经济发展获得巨大成功的一个关键因素，就是我们既发挥了市场经济的长处，又发挥了社会主义制度的优越性。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized “adhering to the reform direction of the socialist market economy” and made strategic deployments around “building a high-level socialist market economy system.” To build a high-level socialist market economy system, there is no ready-made model to copy. We must better understand and grasp the laws of the socialist market economy, adhere to integrity and innovation, make the socialist market economy system more systematic, complete, mature, and定型 [n], and continuously consolidate the institutional foundation of the socialist market economy.

党的二十大报告强调“坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向”，围绕“构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制”作出战略部署。要构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，没有现成模式可以照搬照抄，必须更好摸透和把握社会主义市场经济规律，坚持守正创新，推动社会主义市场经济体制更加系统完备、更加成熟定型，不断夯实社会主义市场经济的制度基础。

Based on the new historical orientation, building a high-level socialist market economy system while adhering to integrity and innovation means upholding the major premise of the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system, keeping in mind the attributive “socialist” before “market economy”; it means comprehensively implementing the new development concept, fully leveraging the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better playing the role of the government, deepening market-oriented reforms, expanding high-level opening up, advancing in depth according to the requirements of system integration and coordinated efficiency, making full efforts in precise implementation and precise implementation, achieving breakthroughs and innovations in key, fundamental, and major reforms, and promoting the coordinated advancement of reforms in all aspects towards the goal of establishing a perfect socialist market economy system; it means building a high-standard market system, deepening reforms of the systems and mechanisms for market-based allocation of factors, promoting the free flow of goods and factors on a larger scale, optimizing and efficiently allocating them in broader fields, smoothing the circulation of market supply and demand, unblocking bottlenecks, and providing strong support for building a new development pattern.

立足新的历史方位，在坚持守正创新中构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，就是要坚持中国共产党领导和社会主义制度这个大前提，牢记“市场经济”前面的“社会主义”这个定语；就是要全面贯彻新发展理念，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，深化市场化改革，扩大高水平开放，按照系统集成、协同高效的要求纵深推进，在精准实施、精准落实上下足功夫，在关键性基础性重大改革上突破创新，使各方面体制改革朝着建立完善的社会主义市场经济体制这一方向协同推进；就是要建设高标准市场体系，深化要素市场化配置体制机制改革，促进商品和要素在更大范围自由流动，在更广领域优化高效配置，畅通市场供需循环，疏通堵点，为构建新发展格局提供有力支撑。

Combining Problem Orientation with Goal Orientation

坚持问题导向和目标导向相结合

Goals are the direction of struggle; problems are the voice of the times. Adhering to goal orientation is a summary of our Party’s successful experience in promoting socialist modernization. In different historical periods, our Party always formulates development goals that conform to the requirements of the times, are in line with objective reality, and are inspiring, based on changes in the situation and conditions of the times, changes in specific national conditions and development levels, and the wishes of the people and the needs of the cause, uniting and leading the people to strive for them. Adhering to problem orientation is a distinctive feature of Marxism. Our Party leads the people in revolution, construction, and reform, always to solve China’s practical problems.

目标是奋斗方向，问题是时代声音。坚持目标导向是对我们党推进社会主义现代化建设成功经验的总结，我们党在不同历史时期，总是根据时代形势和条件变化、具体国情和发展水平变化，根据人民意愿和事业发展需要，制定顺应时代要求、符合客观实际、富有感召力的发展目标，团结带领人民为之奋斗。坚持问题导向是马克思主义的鲜明特点，我们党领导人民干革命、搞建设、抓改革，从来都是为了解决中国的现实问题。

Entering the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that we should both take goals as the focus, making efforts in overall planning and top-level design to enhance the sense of direction and planning, and take problems as the focal point, continuously making efforts to shore up weaknesses and strengthen areas of weakness to enhance precision and effectiveness. Goals are the concentrated expression of problems; problems must be solved in the process of achieving goals. The process of solving problems is the process of achieving goals, and the process of achieving goals is also the process of solving problems. The two are unified in the practice of economic development. To carry out economic work under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, we must not only have a clear understanding of various contradictions in economic and social development but also closely focus on the principal contradiction and central tasks, prioritize solving the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, thereby driving the resolution of other contradictions, achieving key breakthroughs in overall advancement, and using key breakthroughs to drive the overall leap in the level of economic and social development.

进入新时代，习近平总书记鲜明指出，既要以目标为着眼点，在统筹谋划、顶层设计上下功夫，以增强方向感、计划性；又要以问题为着力点，在补短板、强弱项上持续用力，以增强精准性、实效性。目标是问题的集中体现，问题要在完成目标进程中予以解决。解决问题的过程就是达成目标的过程，达成目标的过程也是解决问题的过程，二者统一于经济发展实践中。以习近平经济思想为指导开展经济工作，既要对经济社会发展中的各种矛盾做到了然于胸，同时又要紧紧围绕主要矛盾和中心任务，优先解决主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，以此带动其他矛盾的解决，在整体推进中实现重点突破，以重点突破带动经济社会发展水平整体跃升。

High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all respects. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC listed “achieving high-quality development” as one of the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, pointing out that “the next five years will be a critical period for the beginning and start of building a modern socialist country in all respects,” and one of the main target tasks is “achieving new breakthroughs in high-quality economic development.” Development is the Party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. Without a solid material and technological foundation, it is impossible to build a great modern socialist country in all respects. But at the same time, we must also see that China still faces many difficulties and problems in its development. For example, some prominent problems of unbalanced and inadequate development have not yet been solved; the quality and efficiency of development are not high enough; innovation capacity is not strong enough; the level of the real economy needs to be improved; ecological and environmental protection has a long way to go; and there are still many shortcomings in the field of people’s livelihood. On the new journey of the New Era, we must organically unify goal orientation and problem orientation. We must both take the goal of Chinese-path modernization as the focus to enhance the sense of direction in development and take the problems and contradictions faced by high-quality development as the focal point, continuously making efforts to shore up weaknesses and strengthen areas of weakness, following the problems and going towards the problems, taking solving practical problems as the breakthrough point to open up a new situation in high-quality development, and continuously advancing towards the goal of building a great modern socialist country in all respects.

高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。党的二十大报告把“实现高质量发展”作为中国式现代化的本质要求之一，指出“未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期”，主要目标任务之一就是“经济高质量发展取得新突破”。发展是党执政兴国的第一要务。没有坚实的物质技术基础，就不可能全面建成社会主义现代化强国。但同时也要看到，我国在发展中仍面临不少困难和问题，例如，发展不平衡不充分的一些突出问题尚未解决，发展质量和效益还不高，创新能力不够强，实体经济水平有待提高，生态环境保护任重道远，民生领域还有不少短板等。新时代新征程，我们要把目标导向和问题导向有机统一起来，既要以中国式现代化的目标为着眼点，增强发展的方向感，又要以高质量发展面临的问题和矛盾为着力点，在补短板、强弱项上持续用力，跟着问题走、奔着问题去，把解决实际问题作为打开高质量发展新局面的突破口，朝着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的奋斗目标不断前进。

It needs to be emphasized that adhering to problem orientation does not mean being led by the nose by problems. We cannot just look down to pull the cart; we must also look up to see the road. We must enhance the sense of direction and planning, so that solving problems will not deviate from the big goal. Adhering only to problem orientation mostly solves the problem of local optimization. Only by simultaneously adhering to goal orientation, coupled with adhering to the systems concept, can we better achieve global optimization and long-term goals. It can be said that combining problem orientation with goal orientation is an important strategy for coordinating near-term work with long-term goals and balancing local optimization with global optimization.

需要强调的是，坚持问题导向并不是被问题牵着走。不能只低头拉车，还要抬头看路。要增强方向感、计划性，这样解决问题才不会偏离大目标。仅坚持问题导向更多解决的是局部优化问题，只有同时坚持目标导向，加上坚持系统观念，才能够更好实现全局优化和长期目标。可以说，坚持问题导向和目标导向相结合，是统筹近期工作与长远目标、平衡局部优化与全局优化的重要策略。

In sum, the key to running China’s affairs well lies in the Party. Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for doing all work of the Party and the state well, and is the fundamental point for China’s political stability, economic development, ethnic unity, and social stability. Economic construction is the Party’s central work. Whether sustained and healthy economic and social development can be maintained depends, in the final analysis, on how well the Party’s leading core role in economic and social development is performed. Upholding the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work is the fundamental guarantee for adhering to correct working strategies and methods to propel China’s economy forward steadily and far. Embarking on the new journey, we must deeply comprehend Xi Jinping’s economic thought from a methodological perspective, grasp the new stage of development, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, continuously open up new prospects for economic and social development in the New Era, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

总之，办好中国的事情，关键在党。党的领导是做好党和国家各项工作的根本保证，是我国政治稳定、经济发展、民族团结、社会稳定的根本点。经济建设是党的中心工作。能不能保持经济社会持续健康发展，从根本上讲取决于党在经济社会发展中的领导核心作用发挥得好不好。坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导，是坚持正确工作策略和方法推动中国经济行稳致远的根本保证。踏上新征程，我们要从方法论角度深刻领会习近平经济思想，把握新发展阶段，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，不断开创新时代经济社会发展新局面，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。

Online editor: Zhang Fujun

网络编辑：张福军