Scientific Guidance for Correctly Handling the Major Relationships in China’s Economic Construction

Xi Jinping’s economic thought is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is a major theoretical achievement formed by applying the basic principles of Marxist political economy to guide the practice of economic development in the New Era. With a rigorous system, rich content, and profound breadth, it deeply answers a series of major theoretical and practical questions such as how to view and how to carry out economic development in the New Era, providing direction and fundamental guidance for economic work on the new journey of the New Era. We must deeply study and implement Xi Jinping’s economic thought, correctly understand and handle a series of major relationships in China’s economic construction.

习近平经济思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是运用马克思主义政治经济学基本原理指导新时代经济发展实践形成的重大理论成果，体系严整、内涵丰富、博大精深，深刻回答了新时代经济发展怎么看、怎么干等一系列重大理论和实践问题，为做好新时代新征程经济工作指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。我们要深入学习贯彻习近平经济思想，正确认识和处理我国经济建设中的一系列重大关系。

Correctly understand and handle the relationship between the government and the market. Since the 14th National Congress of the CPC proposed that the goal of China’s economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economy system, from “enabling the market to play a basic role in resource allocation under national macroeconomic regulation” to “enabling the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation and better playing the role of the government,” our Party’s understanding of the relationship between the government and the market has continuously deepened with practical expansion. In the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions on the relationship between the government and the market, emphasizing that the core issue of economic system reform “is to handle the relationship between the government and the market,” and that we must make good use of the “invisible hand” and the “visible hand,” striving to form an organic unity and mutual promotion of the roles of the market and the government; emphasizing the need to “accelerate the construction of a high-standard, efficient, fair competition, and fully open national unified large market, and establish a unified national market system and rules,” to promote the smooth flow of commodity factors and resources on a larger scale; emphasizing that “scientific macroeconomic regulation and effective government governance are inherent requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system,” and that we must correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, striving to build an economic system with an effective market mechanism, vibrant micro-entities, and moderate macroeconomic regulation; emphasizing that the government’s duties and roles “are mainly to maintain macroeconomic stability, strengthen and optimize public services, ensure fair competition, strengthen market supervision, maintain market order, promote sustainable development, promote common prosperity, and remedy market failures.” On the new journey, we must adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economy system, improve the macroeconomic governance system, and promote the maximization of benefits and optimization of efficiency in resource allocation.

正确认识和处理政府与市场的关系。自党的十四大提出我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制以来，从“使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用”到“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用”，我们党对政府和市场关系的认识随着实践拓展而不断深化。新时代以来，习近平总书记围绕政府和市场关系作出一系列重要论述，强调经济体制改革的核心问题“是处理好政府和市场关系”，要用好“看不见的手”和“看得见的手”，努力形成市场作用和政府作用有机统一、相互促进；强调要“加快建设高效规范、公平竞争、充分开放的全国统一大市场，建立全国统一的市场制度规则”，促进商品要素资源在更大范围内畅通流动；强调“科学的宏观调控，有效的政府治理，是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求”，要正确处理效率和公平的关系，着力构建市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度的经济体制；强调政府的职责和作用“主要是保持宏观经济稳定，加强和优化公共服务，保障公平竞争，加强市场监管，维护市场秩序，推动可持续发展，促进共同富裕，弥补市场失灵”。新征程上，必须坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，健全宏观经济治理体系，推动资源配置实现效益最大化和效率最优化。

Correctly understand and handle the relationship between reform and the rule of law. Reform and the rule of law complement and accompany each other, unified in the advancement of the modernization of national governance. Regarding the relationship between reform and the rule of law, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions, emphasizing that “China’s reform has entered a critical and deep-water stage, and the relationship between reform and the rule of law needs to solve some new difficulties,” and that we must unswervingly follow the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics; emphasizing that “reform and the rule of law are like the two wings of a bird and the two wheels of a chariot,” and that we must adhere to “promoting reform under the rule of law and perfecting the rule of law in reform,” advancing reform and the rule of law simultaneously to enhance the penetrating power of reform; emphasizing that “legislation and reform decisions must be aligned,” with legislation actively adapting to the needs of reform, actively playing a role in guiding, promoting, regulating, and safeguarding reform, ensuring that major reforms have legal basis, and at the same time “attaching great importance to using the rule of law thinking and methods to promote reform”; emphasizing the need to “unswervingly advance reform in the field of the rule of law, resolutely break down the institutional and mechanistic obstacles that bind the comprehensive advancement of law-based governance”; emphasizing that “the socialist market economy is essentially a rule-of-law economy,” and that we must adhere to rule-of-law thinking, strengthen the concept of the rule of law, and regulate and govern the economy according to law. On the new journey, we must better leverage the safeguarding role of the rule of law in consolidating foundations, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term, take the improvement of the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics as the overall focus, comprehensively advance the legalization of reform and economic construction, and comprehensively build a modern socialist country on the track of the rule of law.

正确认识和处理改革与法治的关系。改革与法治相辅相成、相伴而生，统一于推进国家治理现代化之中。围绕改革与法治的关系，习近平总书记作出一系列重要论述，强调“我国改革进入了攻坚期和深水区，改革和法治的关系需要破解一些新难题”，必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路；强调“改革和法治如鸟之两翼、车之两轮”，要坚持“在法治下推进改革，在改革中完善法治”，改革和法治同步推进，增强改革的穿透力；强调“要实现立法和改革决策相衔接”，立法主动适应改革需要，积极发挥引导、推动、规范、保障改革的作用，做到重大改革于法有据，同时“要高度重视运用法治思维和法治方式推进改革”；强调要“坚定不移推进法治领域改革，坚决破除束缚全面推进依法治国的体制机制障碍”；强调“社会主义市场经济本质上是法治经济”，必须坚持法治思维、增强法治观念，依法调控和治理经济。新征程上，必须更好发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用，以完善中国特色社会主义法治体系为总抓手，全面推进改革和经济建设工作法治化，在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家。

Correctly understand and handle the relationship between development and security. Security and stability are the primary prerequisites for national development, and development and security complement each other and cannot be neglected. General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the holistic view of national security, emphasizing that “national security is the foundation of national rejuvenation”; emphasizing that “high-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country,” and that “we must firmly establish a concept of safe development,” “integrate safe development into all fields and the entire process of national development,” to achieve development that is of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and safer; emphasizing that “security and development are two wings of the same body and two wheels of the same chariot,” “security is the prerequisite for development, development is the guarantee of security, and security and development must be advanced simultaneously,” to ensure a new pattern of security supports a new pattern of development, achieving a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security; emphasizing that “the Chinese people’s rice bowl must always be firmly held in their own hands,” “energy security is a comprehensive and strategic issue affecting national economic and social development,” and “industrial and supply chains must not fail at critical moments; this is an important characteristic that a major economy must possess”; emphasizing that “coordinating development and security, enhancing awareness of potential dangers, and being prepared for danger in times of peace is a major principle of our Party’s governance.” Economic security is the foundation of national security. On the new journey, we must unswervingly implement the holistic view of national security, strengthen the construction of economic security risk early warning, prevention and control mechanisms, and capabilities, ensure the security and controllability of key fields such as important industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, and major science and technology, and build a solid national security barrier.

正确认识和处理发展与安全的关系。安全和稳定是国家发展的首要前提，发展和安全相辅相成、不可偏废。习近平总书记创造性地提出总体国家安全观，强调“国家安全是民族复兴的根基”；强调“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务”“要牢固树立安全发展理念”“把安全发展贯穿国家发展各领域和全过程”，实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展；强调“安全和发展是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮”“安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障，安全和发展要同步推进”，要以新安全格局保障新发展格局，实现高质量发展和高水平安全的良性互动；强调“中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手上”“能源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题”“产业链、供应链在关键时刻不能掉链子，这是大国经济必须具备的重要特征”；强调“统筹发展和安全，增强忧患意识，做到居安思危，是我们党治国理政的一个重大原则”。经济安全是国家安全的基础。新征程上，必须坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观，加强经济安全风险预警、防控机制和能力建设，实现重要产业、基础设施、战略资源、重大科技等关键领域安全可控，筑牢国家安全屏障。

Correctly understand and handle the relationship between self-reliance and opening up to the outside world. The development of a super-large economy must both adhere to independence and self-reliance and achieve openness and inclusiveness, persevering without being rigid, and learning from others without copying. General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions, emphasizing the need to “maintain strategic focus, enhance confidence, and concentrate on handling our own affairs well,” adhere to placing national and ethnic development on the basis of our own strength, and firmly hold the destiny of China’s development and progress in our own hands; emphasizing that “building a new development pattern is a preemptive move to grasp the initiative in development, not a forced move or a temporary expedient,” and that we must enhance the endogenous driving force and reliability of the domestic economic cycle, and improve the quality and level of the international cycle; emphasizing that “we must establish a global vision and better unify domestic development with opening up to the outside world,” both drawing development momentum from the world and allowing China’s development to better benefit the world; emphasizing the need to “handle the relationship between actively participating in the international division of labor and ensuring national security,” and expand opening up under the premise of ensuring security. On the new journey, we must accelerate the promotion of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, fundamentally consolidate the foundation of self-reliance, while continuously expanding high-level opening up to the outside world, deeply participating in the global division of labor and cooperation, and continuously expanding the development space of Chinese-path modernization.

正确认识和处理自立自强与对外开放的关系。一个超大经济体的发展，必须既坚持独立自主、又做到开放包容，坚守但不僵化，借鉴但不照搬。习近平总书记作出一系列重要论述，强调要“保持定力，增强信心，集中精力办好自己的事情”，坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，坚持把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中；强调“构建新发展格局是把握发展主动权的先手棋，不是被迫之举和权宜之计”，要增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性，提升国际循环质量和水平；强调“要树立世界眼光，更好把国内发展与对外开放统一起来”，既从世界汲取发展动力，也让中国发展更好惠及世界；强调“处理好积极参与国际分工和保障国家安全的关系”，在确保安全前提下扩大开放。新征程上，必须加快推进高水平科技自立自强，从根本上夯实自立自强根基，同时不断扩大高水平对外开放，深度参与全球产业分工和合作，不断拓展中国式现代化的发展空间。

Correctly understand and handle the relationship between China and the world. The world today is full of uncertainty and instability, and it once again stands at a crossroads in history. In response to the historic changes taking place in the relationship between China and the world, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important statements, emphasizing that “China is in the best period of development since modern times, while the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century; the two are interwoven and mutually reinforcing.” The strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the world’s changes unseen in a century “are the basic starting points for our planning of work.” He creatively proposed the Belt and Road Initiative, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, striving to “cultivate new drivers of global development and build a global community of shared development.” He emphasized “promoting world peace and development and building a community with a shared future for mankind,” jointly building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and clean and beautiful. He stressed that “global economic governance needs to keep pace with the times and change according to the times,” and that it is necessary to “balance and properly handle the relationship between the immediate and the long term, and between domestic policies and international responsibilities,” advocating a concept of global economic governance based on equality, openness, cooperation, and sharing. He emphasized that “the trend and momentum are on our side; this is the source of our resolve and confidence, as well as our determination and confidence,” and that we must “strengthen our awareness of opportunities and risks, accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, and actively seek change; be brave in sailing against the current, and adept at turning crises into opportunities.” On the new journey, we must closely monitor the development and changes in the international situation, grasp the general trend of the world, coordinate both domestic and international situations, dare to struggle and be good at struggling, bravely overcome all risks and challenges, and seize the initiative and achieve development in the tide of the times.

正确认识和处理中国与世界的关系。当今世界充满不确定性不稳定性，世界又一次站在历史的十字路口。面对中国和世界关系正在发生的历史性变化，习近平总书记作出一系列重要论述，强调“我国处于近代以来最好的发展时期，世界处于百年未有之大变局，两者同步交织、相互激荡”，中华民族伟大复兴的战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局“是我们谋划工作的基本出发点”；创造性提出共建“一带一路”倡议、全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，着力“培育全球发展新动能，构建全球发展共同体”；强调“促进世界和平与发展，推动构建人类命运共同体”，共同建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界；强调“全球经济治理需要与时俱进、因时而变”，要“平衡处理好当前和长远、本国政策和国际责任的关系”，倡导平等、开放、合作、共享的全球经济治理观；强调“时与势在我们一边，这是我们定力和底气所在，也是我们的决心和信心所在”，必须“增强机遇意识和风险意识，准确识变、科学应变、主动求变，勇于开顶风船，善于转危为机”。新征程上，必须密切关注国际形势发展变化，把握世界大势，统筹好国内国际两个大局，敢于斗争，善于斗争，勇于战胜一切风险挑战，在时代前进的潮流中把握主动、赢得发展。

Online editor: Zhang Jian

网络编辑：张剑