The Laws of Truth Inherent in Adapting Marxism to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

Advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and providing scientific guidance for the Party’s cause, is a main thread running through the Party’s course of struggle. The reason why Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times works lies fundamentally in adhering to the principle of practice, following the laws of truth, continuously promoting theoretical innovation on the basis of practice, and guiding creative developmental practice with scientific truth-based understanding. Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC: “The effort to adapt Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is a process of seeking, revealing, and faithfully applying truth.”[1]1 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects—Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022.(P14) Exploring the laws of truth inherent in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is the theoretical support for continuously writing new chapters of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

推进马克思主义中国化时代化、为党的事业提供科学指导，是贯穿党的奋斗历程的一条主线。中国化时代化马克思主义之所以行，根本在于坚持实践原则、遵循真理规律，不断推进实践基础上的理论创新，以科学的真理性认识指导发展的创造性实践。习近平在党的二十大报告中指出：“推进马克思主义中国化时代化是一个追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理的过程。”[1](P14)探讨推进马克思主义中国化时代化蕴含的真理规律，是不断谱写马克思主义中国化时代化新篇章的理论支持。

I. Seeking Truth, Revealing Truth, and Faithfully Applying Truth Are the Essential Requirements of Marxism

一、追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理是马克思主义的本质要求

Truth is a scientific category, but it also possesses a value attribute. Truth in the field of philosophy and social sciences is a category with an ideological attribute. Marxism is a scientific truth that reveals the laws of development of human society, and it is the most truth-bearing theory in the history of human thought within philosophy and social sciences. Marxism was founded and developed in the process of seeking, revealing, and faithfully applying truth, and in this process it made itself into truth.

真理是一个科学范畴，也具有价值属性。哲学社会科学领域的真理是具有意识形态属性的范畴。马克思主义是揭示人类社会发展规律的科学真理，是人类思想史上最具真理性的哲学社会科学理论。马克思主义在追求、揭示、笃行真理的过程中创立和发展，在这一过程中使自身成为真理。

First, truth is formed and develops in the process of seeking, revealing, and faithfully applying it. Truth is an understanding that conforms to objective reality, reveals the laws of things, and has been tested by practice. The absoluteness and relativity of truth are dialectically unified. From the perspective of the development of truth, human understanding is forever in a process of transformation and development from the relativity of truth toward and approaching its absoluteness. Any truth-based understanding is a link in the process of transformation from the relativity of truth to its absoluteness. Seeking truth, revealing truth, and faithfully applying truth describe the purpose, the key, and the value of the process of exploring truth, and constitute the starting point, the focal point, and the point of implementation of the truth process.

第一，真理在追求、揭示、笃行的过程中形成发展。真理是符合客观实际、揭示事物规律、经过实践检验的认识。真理的绝对性和相对性辩证统一。从真理的发展上看，人类的认识永远处在由真理的相对性走向绝对性、接近绝对性的转化和发展过程中。任何真理性的认识都是由真理的相对性向绝对性转化过程中的一个环节。追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理，描述了探索真理过程的目的、关键、价值，构成了真理过程的出发点、着力点、落脚点。

Seeking truth is the cognitive requirement for grasping the world in a scientific manner. In their relationship with the world, humans possess subjective power, enabling them to grasp the world in multiple ways, and in the process of grasping the world they seek truth, goodness, and beauty. Among these, seeking truth is the pursuit of truth. Truth and science are inseparable; truth takes science as its cornerstone, and whatever belongs to truth must necessarily possess scientificity; science takes truth as its hallmark, and whatever belongs to science must necessarily possess truth. The process of seeking truth is the process of scientific development, and the process of scientific development is accompanied by the discovery of truth. To grasp the world in a scientific manner is to reflect the world objectively, to accurately reveal the internal connections and laws of the movement of things, and to provide correct guidance for people’s activities of understanding and transforming the world.

追求真理是以科学方式把握世界的认识要求。人在与世界的关系中具有主体性力量，能够以多种方式把握世界，并且在把握世界的过程中求真、求善、求美。其中，求真就是追求真理。真理与科学密不可分，真理以科学为基石，凡属真理必然具有科学性；科学以真理为标识，凡属科学必然具有真理性。追求真理的过程就是科学发展的过程，科学发展的过程伴随着真理的发现。以科学的方式把握世界，就是要客观地反映世界，准确地揭示事物运动的内在联系及其规律，为人们认识世界、改造世界的活动提供正确遵循。

Revealing truth is the in-depth exploration that makes cognitive activities and their outcomes scientific. Truth reflects the essence of things and their connections; it must go through a scientific cognitive process—moving from the one to the other, from the surface to the core, discarding the coarse and selecting the essential, eliminating the false and retaining the true—before a truth-based understanding can be obtained. Revealing truth is this cognitive process. Revealing truth means seeing the essence through the phenomena, not being misled by false appearances, and establishing the real connection between phenomena and essence; it means, amid the complex and multifarious connections of things, not being misled by secondary factors, and grasping the decisive relationships among things; it means, in objects that are in motion and change, not being limited by temporary states, and seeing the trends and results that conform to law.

揭示真理是使认识活动及其成果成为科学的深入探索。真理反映事物的本质及其联系，必须通过科学的认识过程，由此及彼、由表及里，去粗取精、去伪存真，才能得出真理性的认识，揭示真理就是这一认识过程。揭示真理就是透过现象看本质，不为虚假的现象所迷惑，建立现象和本质之间的真实联系；就是在事物纷繁复杂的多种联系中，不为枝节的因素所误导，把握事物之间的决定性关系；就是在运动变化的对象中，不为暂时的状态所局限，看到合乎规律的趋势和结果。

Faithfully applying truth is an important link in applying scientific theory to practice and in testing and developing truth. Seeking and revealing truth are for the purpose of guiding practice; applying scientific theory to guide practice makes human activities conform to law, increases efficiency, and reduces errors. Truth demonstrates its power and proves its value in practice. Faithfully applying truth means to practice truth solidly and unswervingly. Faithfully applying truth is not yet the endpoint of understanding or the apex of truth; rather, it sends the process of exploring truth into a new cycle. Faithfully applying truth is both following truth and testing truth, proving in practice the truth or falsehood of understanding, discovering where understanding needs to be perfected and deepened, and pushing the understanding of truth to a higher stage.

笃行真理是科学理论运用于实践并检验和发展真理的重要环节。追求和揭示真理是为了指导实践，以科学理论指导实践使人的活动符合规律、提高效率、少犯错误。真理在实践中彰显其力量、证明其价值。笃行真理就是扎扎实实、始终不渝地践行真理。笃行真理还不是认识的终点、真理的顶点，而是使探索真理的过程进入了新的循环。笃行真理既是遵循真理，也是检验真理，在实践中证明认识的真与伪，发现认识需要完善深化之处，推动对真理的认识进入更高的阶段。

Second, the vitality of Marxism lies in its truth. Marxism creatively revealed the laws of development of human society, illuminated the path for humanity to explore historical laws and seek its own liberation, and is both the essence of the spirit of the times and the essence of the entire human spirit. In the more than 170 years since its founding, the fundamental reason Marxism has maintained a powerful vitality and served as a “great tool of understanding” for penetrating social and historical development lies in its own nature as truth.

第二，马克思主义的生命力在于其真理性。马克思主义创造性地揭示了人类社会发展规律，照亮了人类探索历史规律和寻求自身解放的道路，是时代精神的精华又是整个人类精神的精华。马克思主义自创立170多年来，之所以始终保持着强大的生命力并且是透视社会历史发展“伟大的认识工具”，根本在于自身的真理性质。

The truth of Marxism comes from its advanced class attribute. Marxism emerged in the era of capitalism. Amid the fundamental contradictions of capitalist society and the struggle between the working class and the bourgeoisie, Marxism is the theoretical expression of the working class and the broad masses of the people, who represent the developmental demands of advanced productive forces. Before the emergence of Marxism, the theories that dominated society all served the ruling class. Based on the laws of motion of the fundamental social contradictions, and on the advanced nature of the working class and the progressive demands of the broad masses, Marxism firmly stands on the side of the advanced class that represents the direction of historical development, seeks truth with a selfless and fearless spirit, and nurtures the truth of its thought and theory. Xi Jinping points out: “The reason Marxism has a cross-national, cross-era influence is precisely because it is rooted among the people and points out the right path of history, relying on the people to advance history.”[2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Karl Marx,” May 4, 2018.(P8)

马克思主义的真理性来自其先进的阶级属性。马克思主义产生于资本主义时代，在资本主义社会基本矛盾中，在工人阶级和资产阶级的斗争中，马克思主义是代表先进生产力发展要求的工人阶级和广大人民的理论表达。在马克思主义产生之前，社会上占统治地位的理论都是为统治阶级服务的。马克思主义基于社会基本矛盾的运动规律，基于工人阶级的先进性质和广大人民的进步要求，坚定地站在代表历史发展方向的先进阶级一边，以无私无畏的精神追求真理，孕育了思想理论的真理性。习近平指出：“马克思主义之所以具有跨越国度、跨越时代的影响力，就是因为它植根人民之中，指明了依靠人民推动历史前进的人间正道。”[2](P8)

The truth of Marxism comes from the historical law of achieving human liberation. The lives of Marx and Engels were lives of unremitting struggle for the lofty ideal of human liberation. Xi Jinping points out: “For the first time, Marxism stood on the people’s standpoint to explore the path of human freedom and liberation, and with scientific theory pointed the way toward ultimately establishing an ideal society without oppression, without exploitation, with equality for all and freedom for all.”[2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Karl Marx,” May 4, 2018.(P8) The ideal society pointed out by Marxism has become the social ideal of Communists and the broad masses of the people. The reason this social ideal has become the firm belief of Marxists is precisely that it conforms to historical law and is supported by the power of truth. The truth of Marxism lies in its being the unity of value and law.

马克思主义的真理性来自实现人类解放的历史规律。马克思、恩格斯的一生，是为人类解放的崇高理想而不懈奋斗的一生。习近平指出：“马克思主义第一次站在人民的立场探求人类自由解放的道路，以科学的理论为最终建立一个没有压迫、没有剥削、人人平等、人人自由的理想社会指明了方向。”[2](P8)马克思主义指明的理想社会，成为共产党人和广大人民的社会理想。这一社会理想之所以成为马克思主义者的坚定信仰，正是由于其符合历史规律、以真理力量为支撑。马克思主义的真理性就在于它是价值性与规律性的统一。

The truth of Marxism comes from the scientific spirit of exploration and truth-seeking. The truth of Marxism was not obtained out of thin air; rather, it was obtained by the founders of Marxism, who, fearing no hardship or danger, bravely scaled the peaks of thought in pursuit of truth, and who, through years of painstaking exploration, strove to absorb nourishment from all the fruits of civilization created by humanity. Marx’s scientific research, as Lenin said, was such that “he critically re-examined everything that human society had created, without neglecting a single point. He re-examined and criticized everything that human thought had built up, testing it in the working-class movement, and thereby arrived at conclusions that those confined by bourgeois narrowness or bound by bourgeois prejudices could not reach.”[3]3 V. I. Lenin, “The Tasks of the Youth Leagues,” *Collected Works*, Vol. 31.(P284-285) The truth of Marxism also lies in treating science with a scientific attitude. Marx and Engels opposed the “theory of ultimate truth,” opposed treating their theory as dogma, and advocated that theory must develop as practice changes. Precisely because of this, the founding of Marxism did not close the door to the path of truth; rather, it opened the door for Marxism’s successors to continuously develop truth in accordance with the development of the times, practice, and understanding.

马克思主义的真理性来自探索求真的科学精神。马克思主义的真理性不是凭空得来的，而是马克思主义创始人不畏艰难险阻、为追求真理而勇攀思想高峰得来的，是长年累月辛勤探索、努力从人类创造的一切文明成果中汲取养料获得的。马克思的科学研究，就像列宁所说的那样：“凡是人类社会所创造的一切，他都有批判地重新加以探讨，任何一点也没有忽略过去。凡是人类思想所建树的一切，他都放在工人运动中检验过，重新加以探讨，加以批判，从而得出了那些被资产阶级狭隘性所限制或被资产阶级偏见束缚住的人所不能得出的结论。”[3](P284-285)马克思主义的真理性还在于以科学的态度对待科学，马克思、恩格斯反对“终极真理论”，反对把他们的理论当成教条，主张理论必须随着实践的变化而发展。正因如此，马克思主义的创立不是封闭了通向真理的道路，而是打开了马克思主义的后继者们不断根据时代、实践、认识发展而发展真理的大门。

Third, Marx and Engels struggled their entire lives for seeking truth, revealing truth, and faithfully applying truth. Truth is a product of human cognitive activity and cannot arise or exist apart from humans. The character of truth reflects the character of humans; it is the theorization of human character. The truth of Marxism is the reflection of the truth-seeking lives of Marx and Engels. The cognitive and practical activities of Marx and Engels in seeking truth, revealing truth, and faithfully applying truth made Marxism into truth.

第三，马克思、恩格斯毕生为追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理而奋斗。真理是人的认识活动的产物，不能脱离人而产生和存在。真理的品格反映了人的品格，是人的品格的理论化。马克思主义的真理性，是马克思、恩格斯真理人生的映照，马克思、恩格斯追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理的认识和实践活动，使马克思主义成为真理。

Marx and Engels devoted their entire lives to the pursuit of truth. From their youth, Marx and Engels began the path of pursuing truth by exploring the mysteries of the development of human society. The occupation Marx chose, “the one that works for the greatest good of mankind,”[2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Karl Marx,” May 4, 2018.(P3) was to reveal truth through theoretical means and to work for the happiness of mankind. From the *The German Ideology* and the *Communist Manifesto*, which Marx and Engels co-authored, to Marx’s most substantial and richest work, *Capital*, and Engels’ *Anti-Dühring*, their lives were dedicated to providing theoretical weapons for the liberation of the working class and all of humanity. Even in his sickly old age, Marx continuously advanced into new scientific fields and goals, leaving behind a vast number of precious notebooks. In his later years, Engels wrote *Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy* and five letters on historical materialism, among other works, providing a detailed exposition of historical materialism.

马克思、恩格斯为追求真理而奉献一生。马克思、恩格斯从青年时代起，就开始了探索人类社会发展奥秘的追求真理之路。马克思所选择的“最能为人类而工作的职业”，[2](P3)就是以理论的方式揭示真理为追求人类幸福而工作。从马克思、恩格斯合作撰写的《德意志意识形态》《共产党宣言》，到马克思最厚重、最丰富的著作《资本论》、恩格斯的《反杜林论》等，他们的一生都献给了为工人阶级和全人类解放提供理论武器的事业。即使在多病的晚年，马克思仍然不断迈向新的科学领域和目标，写下了数量庞大的珍贵笔记。恩格斯在其晚年，撰写了《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》、关于历史唯物主义的5封书信等，对历史唯物主义作了详细的阐述。

Marx and Engels spent their lives exploring truth in order to reveal it. After completing their transformation from idealism to materialism and from revolutionary democracy to communism in the 1840s, Marx and Engels founded historical materialism, revealing the general laws of the development of human society; they discovered the law of surplus value, revealing the specific laws of the operation of capitalism. The establishment of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value provided a solid theoretical foundation for scientific socialism. Marx spent 40 years writing *Capital*, systematically studying political economy to reveal the essence and laws of capitalism, leaving behind the “Bible of the working class.”[2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Karl Marx,” May 4, 2018.(P3) To expound the materialist view of nature, Engels spent eight years undergoing a thorough “molting” in mathematics and the natural sciences, writing *Dialectics of Nature*, which grounded Marxist philosophy on the foundation of scientific progress since modern times. The scientific theoretical system founded by Marx and Engels pointed the way for humanity to leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom, and pointed the path for humanity to achieve freedom and liberation.

马克思、恩格斯为揭示真理而探索一生。马克思、恩格斯在19世纪40年代完成了从唯心主义到唯物主义、从革命民主主义到共产主义的转变后，创立了唯物史观，揭示了人类社会发展的一般规律；发现了剩余价值规律，揭示了资本主义运行的特殊规律。唯物史观和剩余价值学说的创立，为科学社会主义提供了坚实的理论根据。马克思用40年的时间写作《资本论》，通过系统研究政治经济学，揭示资本主义的本质和规律，留下了“工人阶级的圣经”。[2](P3)恩格斯为了阐述唯物主义的自然观，用了8年时间在数学和自然科学方面进行了一个彻底的“脱毛”，写出了《自然辩证法》，将马克思主义哲学建立在近代以来科学进步的基础上。马克思、恩格斯创立的科学理论体系，为人类指明了从必然王国向自由王国飞跃的途径，为人类指明了实现自由和解放的道路。

Marx and Engels spent their lives fighting for the practice of truth. Marx and Engels were both great thinkers and great revolutionaries. Their lives were a perfect combination of theoretical exploration and revolutionary practice, a lifelong struggle to overthrow the old world and build a new one. Their lifelong mission was to fight for the liberation of the people, carrying out revolutionary struggles with tenacity and effectiveness. To change the fate of the exploited and oppressed, Marx and Engels unhesitatingly threw themselves into the surging workers’ movement, always standing at the forefront of the revolutionary struggle. They led the founding of the Communist League, the world’s first proletarian political party guided by scientific socialism; they led the International Workingmen’s Association, the world’s first international workers’ united organization; they enthusiastically supported the Paris Commune revolution, the world’s first revolution in which the proletariat seized state power. Marx and Engels not only theoretically pointed the way for the working class, but also in practice promoted the development of the workers’ movement in various countries with enthusiasm and indomitable spirit.

马克思、恩格斯为笃行真理而奋斗一生。马克思、恩格斯既是伟大的思想家，又是伟大的革命家，他们的一生，是理论探索和革命实践的完美结合，是为推翻旧世界、建立新世界而不懈战斗的一生，他们的毕生使命就是为人民解放而奋斗，坚韧不拔、卓有成效地进行革命斗争。马克思、恩格斯为了改变人民受剥削、受压迫的命运，义无反顾投身轰轰烈烈的工人运动，始终站在革命斗争最前沿。他们领导创建了共产主义者同盟，这是世界上第一个以科学社会主义为指导思想的无产阶级政党；领导了国际工人协会，这是世界上第一个国际工人联合组织；热情支持巴黎公社革命，这是世界上第一次无产阶级夺取政权的革命。马克思、恩格斯既在理论上为工人阶级指明方向，又在实践中满怀热情、百折不挠推动各国工人运动发展。

II. Adapting Marxism to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times Is a Process of Pursuing Truth, Revealing Truth, and Practicing Truth

二、推进马克思主义中国化时代化是一个追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理的过程

The history of the development of Marxism is a history of generations of Marxists upholding and developing the truth of Marxism. Since its founding over 100 years ago, the Communist Party of China has unswervingly upheld and developed Marxism, which is centrally manifested in its continuous advancement of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. In this process, it continues to pursue truth, reveal truth, and practice truth, providing scientific guidance for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

马克思主义发展史是一代代马克思主义者坚持和发展马克思主义真理的历史。中国共产党成立100多年来，始终不渝坚持和发展马克思主义，集中体现在不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化，在这一进程中继续追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了科学指导。

First, adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times pursues, reveals, and practices truth in the unity of universality and particularity. China’s advanced intellectuals accepted Marxism, took Marxism as their guiding ideology, and founded the Communist Party of China with a clear and strong practical purpose: to establish a socialist society in China, to take the socialist road to build a modernized country, and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Universality and particularity are interconnected; universality is embodied in particularity and expressed through it. Marxism is a truth with universality, but it must be integrated with the concrete realities of each country to produce theoretical knowledge that unifies universality and particularity, only then can the power of truth be truly exerted and demonstrated. In the period shortly after the founding of the Communist Party of China, some within the Party did not understand the principle of the relationship between universality and particularity. They treated Marxism as a panacea, believing that directly copying and applying it would solve all problems. They made no effort to understand and study China’s national conditions, failing to grasp the differences between China and Western Europe, or even Russia, leading to the prevalence of dogmatism and displaying the “ignorance of the immature.”[n] The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, insisted on integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, thus beginning the historical process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

第一，马克思主义中国化时代化是在普遍性和特殊性的统一中追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理。中国的先进知识分子接受马克思主义，以马克思主义为指导思想，成立中国共产党，有着鲜明和强烈的实践目的，即在中国建立社会主义社会，走社会主义道路建设现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴。普遍性与特殊性相联结，普遍性寓于特殊性之中，并通过特殊性表现出来。马克思主义是具有普遍性的真理，但必须同各国具体实际相结合，得出普遍性与特殊性相统一的理论认识，才能真正发挥和显示真理的力量。在中国共产党成立后的一段时间里，党内一些人不懂得普遍性和特殊性关系的道理，把马克思主义当成包治百病的灵丹妙药，以为直接拿来照搬照抄就万事大吉了，不下功夫了解和研究中国国情，不懂得中国和西欧乃至俄国的不同，导致教条主义盛行，表现出“幼稚者的蒙昧”。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，开始了推进马克思主义中国化时代化的历史进程。

Advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times essentially means adhering to the principle of the unity of universality and particularity. Theory possesses universality, while practice is particular. To adapt Marxism to the Chinese context means to integrate the universal truths of Marxism with China’s specific national conditions, to explore a path of revolution, construction, and reform that conforms to China’s concrete realities, and to achieve the unity of universality and particularity in the process of integrating theory and practice. Only by being adapted to the Chinese context can Marxism take root locally and rise from the abstract to the concrete. China exists within history and within its era; an era is the existence of a historical period. Particularity includes not only the particularity of space but also the particularity of time, which is closely linked to space. Therefore, adapting Marxism to the Chinese context inherently contains adapting Marxism to the needs of the times; advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context necessarily requires advancing its adaptation to the needs of the times. Advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the needs of the times is a form of expressing the unity of universality and particularity. It requires that the integration of theory and practice pay attention to the movement and development of practice, applying theory in changing practice and reflecting the characteristics of the era.

推进马克思主义中国化时代化，实质上就是要坚持普遍性和特殊性相统一的原则。理论具有普遍性，实践则是特殊的。马克思主义中国化，就是要把马克思主义的普遍真理同中国的特殊国情结合起来，探讨符合中国具体实际的革命、建设、改革的道路，在理论和实际相结合的过程中实现普遍性和特殊性的统一。马克思主义只有中国化，才能扎根本土，从抽象上升到具体。中国是历史中的中国、时代中的中国，时代是一个历史时段的存在，特殊性不仅包括空间的特殊性，而且包括与空间紧密相连的时间的特殊性，因此马克思主义中国化内含着马克思主义时代化，推进马克思主义中国化必然要求推进马克思主义时代化。推进马克思主义时代化，是普遍性和特殊性相统一的一种表现形式，要求理论和实践的结合注重实践的运动发展，在变化着的实践中运用理论，体现时代特征。

Truth is the result of cognition under certain conditions; it is the unity of absoluteness and relativity. There is no eternal, unchanging truth that transcends all time and space. The world changes, and people’s understanding of the world also develops. Therefore, only by adhering to the unity of universality and particularity and promoting the advancement of truthful knowledge with the world and with the times can we ensure that truthful knowledge does not become a closed and rigid ideological barrier. Adhering to the unity of universality and particularity is the pathway and law of the development of truth. The pursuit, revelation, and practice of truth are permeated by the basic thread of the unity of universality and particularity. To pursue truth is to proceed from reality and from problems, to center on the work at hand, to form scientific theory, and to achieve the unity of universality and particularity in truthful and law-based understanding. To reveal truth is, as Marx did when writing *Capital*, to dissect the most developed capitalist country of the time, England, to reveal the general laws of the capitalist mode of production, achieving the unity of universality and particularity in the ascending transformation from the particular to the universal. To practice truth is to realize the transformation from theoretical knowledge that answers questions to practical application that solves problems. The value of theory lies in practice, achieving the unity of universality and particularity in the practice of truth.

真理是在一定条件下的认识结果，是绝对性和相对性的统一，没有超越一切时空、永恒不变的真理。世界在变化，人们对世界的认识也在发展。因此，只有坚持普遍性和特殊性的统一，推动真理性认识与“世”俱进、与时俱进，才能保证真理性认识不会变成封闭僵化的思想藩篱。坚持普遍性和特殊性的统一，是真理发展的途径和规律。追求、揭示、笃行真理，贯穿着普遍性和特殊性相统一的基本线索。追求真理，就是要从实际出发，从问题出发，以正在做的事情为中心，形成科学理论，在真理性规律性认识中实现普遍性和特殊性的统一。揭示真理，就是要像马克思在创作《资本论》时那样，在对当时资本主义最发达的英国的解剖中，揭示资本主义生产方式的一般规律，在从特殊到普遍的上升转化中实现普遍性和特殊性的统一。笃行真理，就是要实现从回答问题的理论认识到解决问题的实践应用的转化，理论的价值在于实践，在践行真理中实现普遍性和特殊性的统一。

Second, adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times requires treating science with a scientific attitude and pursuing truth with the spirit of truth. In the course of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, pursuing truth, revealing truth, and steadfastly practicing truth have as a basic requirement treating science with a scientific attitude and pursuing truth with the spirit of truth; this reflects the true essence of Marxism. Marxism is a science, and an important manifestation of this scientific character is a scientific attitude toward itself: not treating itself as dogma, but becoming science through upholding truth and correcting errors. Marxism is truth, and an important manifestation of this truth character is a spirit of truth toward itself: not closing off the path of developing truth, but developing itself with an open attitude, never stopping at any given level of understanding or stage. The reason adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times requires treating science with a scientific attitude and pursuing truth with the spirit of truth is that the missions and tasks the Party has shouldered in various historical periods reflect the direction of China’s development and progress and represent the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people. The justice and loftiness of these missions and tasks determine that the Party must uphold a scientific stance and maintain a scientific attitude; any thought or understanding inconsistent with science and truth is to be discarded, thereby ensuring that the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times become a science that continuously reveals truth. The several ideological emancipations in our Party’s history were all aimed at the smooth development of the Party’s cause, resolutely breaking with unscientific attitudes and understandings that violate the spirit of truth in ideology and theory, and acquiring scientific and truthful understandings on the questions of what Marxism is and how to treat it, and what socialism is and how to build it.

第二，推进马克思主义中国化时代化要求以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理。在推进马克思主义中国化时代化的进程中追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理，一个基本要求就是以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理，这反映了马克思主义的真谛。马克思主义是科学，这种科学性的重要体现就是对待自身的科学态度，不是把自身当成教条，而是在坚持真理、修正错误中成为科学。马克思主义是真理，这种真理性的重要体现就是对待自身的真理精神，不是封闭发展真理的道路，而是以开放的态度发展自身，从不停留在某个认识水平和阶段上止步不前。推进马克思主义中国化时代化，之所以要求以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理，是由于党在各个历史时期担负的使命任务反映了中国发展进步的方向，代表了中国最广大人民的根本利益，使命任务的正义性崇高性，决定了党必须坚持科学立场、坚守科学态度，凡是与科学和真理不相符合的思想认识，都在摒弃之列，从而保证马克思主义中国化时代化的理论成果成为不断揭示真理的科学。我们党历史上的几次思想解放，都是为了党的事业顺利发展，坚决破除在思想理论上不科学的态度、违背真理精神的认识，在什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义，什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义的问题上，获得了科学性、真理性的认识。

In the course of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, adhering to treating science with a scientific attitude and pursuing truth with the spirit of truth is concentratedly embodied in the Party’s ideological line, summarily expressed as emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, and being realistic and pragmatic. The establishment of the Party’s ideological line enabled our Party to establish the standard and authority of practice in the relationship between theory and practice, thereby establishing the philosophical basis for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Emancipating the mind means establishing the scientific attitude and spirit of truth of Marxism, liberating oneself from ideological concepts that do not conform to the standard of practice or lag behind practice. Seeking truth from facts means respecting objective reality, proceeding from reality in everything, and taking practice as the sole criterion for testing truth. Advancing with the times means keeping pace with the trends of the times, staying at the forefront of the times, continuously opening up new realms for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and continuously writing new chapters of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Being realistic and pragmatic means not seeking empty fame or indulging in empty talk, focusing on efficiency and seeking practical results, opposing formalism, and taking practical effects as an important yardstick for evaluating theoretical innovation. In the New Era, treating science with a scientific attitude and pursuing truth with the spirit of truth is concentratedly embodied in the “Six Musts” [5]5 The “Six Musts” (六个必须坚持) refer to the six principles that must be upheld in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era: putting the people first, maintaining self-confidence and self-reliance, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, taking a problem-oriented approach, applying systems thinking, and maintaining a global vision. of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “Six Musts” condense the valuable experience of advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the New Era and are the fundamental guarantee of the scientificity and truth of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

在推进马克思主义中国化时代化进程中坚持以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理，集中体现在党的思想路线中，概括地表述就是解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实。确立党的思想路线，使得我们党在理论与实践的关系上，确立了实践的标准和权威，由此确立了马克思主义中国化时代化的哲学根据。解放思想，就是树立马克思主义的科学态度和真理精神，从不符合实践标准、落后于实践的思想观念中解放出来。实事求是，就是尊重客观实际，一切从实际出发，把实践作为检验真理的唯一标准。与时俱进，就是紧跟时代潮流，走在时代前列，不断开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界，不断谱写中国化时代化马克思主义新篇章。求真务实，就是不图虚名、不尚空谈，注重效率、讲求实效，反对形式主义，把实践效果作为评价理论创新的重要尺度。新时代，以科学的态度对待科学、以真理的精神追求真理，集中体现在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的“六个必须坚持”中。“六个必须坚持”凝结着新时代推进马克思主义中国化时代化的宝贵经验，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学性真理性的根本保证。

Third, the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times possess the character of truth. Mao Zedong Thought is the creative application and development of Marxism-Leninism in China, founded and developed in the course of consistently applying the basic principles of Marxism to solving China’s practical problems, and is a correct theoretical principle and summary of experience concerning China’s revolution and construction, as proven by practice. The living soul of Mao Zedong Thought is embodied in the three basic aspects of seeking truth from facts, the mass line, and independence and self-reliance, which contain the objective attitude, mass stance, and autonomous spirit in the pursuit of truth. Among them, “‘Facts’ are all the things that exist objectively, ‘truth’ is the internal connection of objective things, that is, regularity, and ‘seeking’ is our studying them,”[1]1 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects—Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022.(P209) — this passage epitomizes the spirit of truth embodied in Mao Zedong Thought’s adherence to seeking truth from facts.

第三，马克思主义中国化时代化理论成果具有真理品格。毛泽东思想是马克思列宁主义在中国的创造性运用和发展，是在始终坚持用马克思主义基本原理解决中国实际问题过程中创立和发展的，是被实践证明了的关于中国革命和建设的正确的理论原则和经验总结。毛泽东思想的活的灵魂，体现为实事求是、群众路线、独立自主三个基本方面，蕴含着在探求真理中的客观态度、群众立场、自主精神。其中，“‘实事’就是客观存在着的一切事物，‘是’就是客观事物的内部联系，即规律性，‘求’就是我们去研究”，[1](P209)这段话概括体现了毛泽东思想坚持实事求是的真理精神。

Deng Xiaoping Theory, upholding the emancipation of the mind and seeking truth from facts, profoundly summarized both positive and negative experiences since the founding of New China, drew on the historical experience of world socialism, centered on the fundamental question of what socialism is and how to build it, profoundly revealed the essence of socialism, established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, clearly proposed taking our own road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, scientifically answered a series of basic questions concerning building socialism with Chinese characteristics, successfully pioneered socialism with Chinese characteristics, and achieved a far-reaching great turning point in the Party’s history since the founding of New China.

邓小平理论坚持解放思想、实事求是，深刻总结新中国成立以来正反两方面经验，借鉴世界社会主义历史经验，围绕什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义这一根本问题，深刻揭示社会主义本质，确立社会主义初级阶段基本路线，明确提出走自己的路、建设中国特色社会主义，科学回答了建设中国特色社会主义的一系列基本问题，成功开创了中国特色社会主义，实现了新中国成立以来党的历史上具有深远意义的伟大转折。

The important thought of the “Three Represents,” [6]6 The “Three Represents” (三个代表) is a guiding theory developed by Jiang Zemin, holding that the Communist Party of China must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. upholding the Party’s basic theory and basic line, deepened the understanding of what socialism is and how to build it, and what kind of Party to build and how to build it. Under the severe tests of a very complex domestic and international situation and serious setbacks in world socialism, it defended socialism with Chinese characteristics, established the reform goals and basic framework of the socialist market economy, established the basic economic system and distribution system for the primary stage of socialism, successfully advanced socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century, and was a major achievement of the Party in upholding the ideals and beliefs of Marxism and socialism at the turn of the century.

“三个代表”重要思想，坚持党的基本理论、基本路线，加深了对什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义和建设什么样的党、怎样建设党的认识，在国内外形势十分复杂、世界社会主义出现严重曲折的严峻考验面前捍卫了中国特色社会主义，确立了社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标和基本框架，确立了社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度和分配制度，成功把中国特色社会主义推向21世纪，是党在世纪之交坚持马克思主义和社会主义理想信念的重大成果。

The Scientific Outlook on Development profoundly understood and answered major questions such as what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve it under the new circumstances, emphasizing people-oriented, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development, striving to safeguard and improve people’s livelihoods, promoting social fairness and justice, advancing the Party’s governance capacity building and advanced nature building, and successfully upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new circumstances. It was an innovative practice of the Party in the new stage of the 21st century, taking scientific development as the theme and accelerating the transformation of the economic development model.

科学发展观深刻认识和回答了新形势下实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大问题，强调坚持以人为本、全面协调可持续发展，着力保障和改善民生，促进社会公平正义，推进党的执政能力建设和先进性建设，成功在新形势下坚持和发展了中国特色社会主义，是党在21世纪新阶段以科学发展为主题、加快转变经济发展方式的创新实践。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, proceeding from new realities, upholds the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, upholds Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the “Three Represents,” and the Scientific Outlook on Development, profoundly summarizes and fully applies the Party’s historical experience since its founding, proceeds from new realities, and has conducted profound thinking and scientific judgment on a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning the development of the Party’s and the country’s undertakings in the New Era. It is a major achievement of the Party in deepening its understanding of the laws governing the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and in theoretical innovation. Ushering in the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the practical foundation and historical proof of achieving a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，从新的实际出发，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，坚持毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观，深刻总结并充分运用党成立以来的历史经验，从新的实际出发，对关系新时代党和国家事业发展的一系列重大理论和实践问题进行了深邃思考和科学判断，是党对中国特色社会主义建设规律认识深化和理论创新的重大成果。开创中国特色社会主义新时代，是实现马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃的实践基础和历史证明。

III. The “Two Integrations” Are the Fundamental Path to Ensuring the Truth of Marxism Adapted to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

三、“两个结合”是保证中国化时代化马克思主义真理性的根本途径

In the course of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, how can one pursue truth, reveal truth, and steadfastly practice truth? Upholding and developing Marxism must be combined with China’s specific realities and must be combined with the best of traditional Chinese culture. These “Two Integrations” are the fundamental path for advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and equally the fundamental path for our Party to pursue, reveal, and steadfastly practice truth. The “Two Integrations” open up broad space for promoting theoretical innovation and for understanding and developing truth.

在推进马克思主义中国化时代化的进程中，怎样才能追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理？坚持和发展马克思主义，必须同中国具体实际相结合，必须同中华优秀传统文化相结合，这“两个结合”是推进马克思主义中国化时代化的根本途径，同样也是我们党追求、揭示、笃行真理的根本途径。“两个结合”打开了推进理论创新、认识和发展真理的广阔空间。

First, the “Two Integrations” [n7] are the fundamental pathway for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. After the 20th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping

第一，“两个结合”是推进马克思主义中国化时代化的根本途径。党的二十大召开后，习近平在河南安阳考察时强调，“中华优秀传统文化是我们党创新理论的‘根’，我们推进马克思主义中国化时代化的根本途径是‘两个结合’”，要“更深地学习理解中华文明，古为今用，为更好建设中华民族现代文明提供借鉴”。[4]推进马克思主义中国化时代化，必然要求马克思主义同中国具体实际相结合。马克思主义中国化，就是要形成马克思主义基本原理同中国历史、中国国情、中国实际的融合点、转化点，使之成为具体的、现实的、管用的马克思主义；就是要把握马克思主义基本原理体现的时代特征，包括中国所处的时代坐标的关联点、发展点，使其成为始终充满生机活力、不断丰富创新的马克思主义，使得中国共产党人的创造性实践成为坚持和发展马克思主义的丰厚土壤。推进马克思主义中国化时代化，必然要求马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化相结合。习近平指出，“马克思主义中国化时代化这个重大命题本身就决定，我们决不能抛弃马克思主义这个魂脉，决不能抛弃中华优秀传统文化这个根脉”，要“以马克思主义为指导对中华五千多年文明宝库进行全面挖掘，用马克思主义激活中华优秀传统文化中富有生命力的优秀因子并赋予新的时代内涵，将中华民族的伟大精神和丰富智慧更深层次地注入马克思主义，有效把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来，聚变为新的理论优势，不断攀登新的思想高峰”。[5]这就告诉我们，“第二个结合”既是中华优秀传统文化注入马克思主义，使得马克思主义更加广泛地吸收全人类文明成果的过程，也是马克思主义赋予中华优秀传统文化新的时代精神，使得中华优秀传统文化长盛不衰的过程。

Adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times runs through the entire historical process of the Party, and upholding the “Two Integrations” [n7] proceeds in the same direction as adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. It can be said that upholding the “Two Integrations” is an inherent requirement for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and forming and developing Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is the inevitable result of upholding the “Two Integrations.” Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the “Two Integrations” indicates that the Party has reached a high degree of conscious understanding and theoretical awareness in upholding the “Second Integration,” [n8] which will inevitably push upholding the “Two Integrations” and adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the New Era to a new height of the times and a new historical depth. The explicit proposal of the “Two Integrations” is a scientific summary of our Party’s historical experience in continuously advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times; it is the ideological deepening of the Party’s positions, viewpoints, and methods in correctly understanding and treating fine traditional Chinese culture throughout history; it is established on the basis of fully recognizing culture as a more fundamental, deeper, and more enduring force for the development of a nation and a country; it is a theoretical requirement for confidence in the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, which includes advanced socialist culture, revolutionary culture, and fine traditional Chinese culture; and it has laid a deep theoretical root for the innovative development of Marxism in 21st-century China, providing an inexhaustible theoretical source.

推进马克思主义中国化时代化贯穿党的整个历史进程，而坚持“两个结合”则与推进马克思主义中国化时代化同向同行。可以说，坚持“两个结合”是推进马克思主义中国化时代化的内在要求，形成和发展中国化时代化的马克思主义则是坚持“两个结合”的必然结果。习近平关于“两个结合”的重要论述，表明了党在坚持“第二个结合”上达到了高度的认识自觉和理论自觉，必将促使新时代坚持“两个结合”、推进马克思主义中国化时代化达到新的时代高度和历史深度。明确提出“两个结合”，是对我们党不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化历史经验的科学总结，是党在历史上正确认识和对待中华优秀传统文化的立场、观点和方法的思想深化，建立在充分认识文化作为国家和民族发展更基本、更深沉、更持久力量的基础上，是对包括社会主义先进文化、革命文化、中华优秀传统文化的中国特色社会主义文化自信的理论要求，为马克思主义在21世纪中国的创新发展厚植了理论根脉，提供了生生不息的理论源泉。

Second, in the “Two Integrations,” adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times pursues truth, reveals truth, and steadfastly practices truth. Upholding the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities opened the path for Chinese Communists to understand and practice truth in the cause of revolution, construction, and reform. The “First Integration” [n9] is not only for exploring a Chinese path suited to the country’s conditions, realizing the transformation from universality to particularity, and advancing the localization of Marxism, but also for, in the course of this exploration, integrating the theoretical innovations of the Chinese Communist Party into the basic theory of Marxism, realizing the transformation from particularity to universality, continuing to enrich and develop Marxist truth, making the unique contributions of the Chinese Communist Party, and writing a new chapter in the development of Marxism. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, our Party correctly recognized that the Chinese revolution differed from the October Revolution in Russia, opened the correct revolutionary path of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing state power by armed force, and innovatively developed the Marxist theory on the path of the proletarian revolution. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, our Party integrated the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism with China’s specific realities, put forward a series of important ideas, such as that socialist society is a very long historical stage, that contradictions between ourselves and the enemy and contradictions among the people must be strictly distinguished and correctly handled, and that the ten major relationships in China’s socialist construction must be correctly handled, thereby innovatively developing the Marxist theory on socialist construction. During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, our Party, proceeding from new practices and the characteristics of the times, upheld and developed Marxism, scientifically answered a series of basic questions concerning the development path, stage of development, fundamental task, driving force, development strategy, political guarantee, reunification of the motherland, diplomacy and international strategy, leading force, and relying force for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and, through theoretical innovation and practical innovation in socialism with Chinese characteristics, upheld and developed the theory and practice of scientific socialism. As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a New Era, new changes in the domestic and international situation and new requirements of practice urgently demanded that our Party, from the integration of theory and practice, deeply answer a series of major epochal questions concerning the development of the Party and the country’s cause and the Party’s governance of the country, deepen the understanding of the “three laws” [n10] with a new perspective, and achieve major theoretical innovation results. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the Marxism of contemporary China and the Marxism of the 21st century.

第二，马克思主义中国化时代化在“两个结合”中追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，开辟了中国共产党人在革命、建设、改革事业中认识和践行真理的道路。“第一个结合”不仅是为了探索适合本国国情的中国道路，实现从普遍性向特殊性的转化，推进马克思主义本土化，而且是为了在这一探索过程中，把中国共产党的理论创新融入马克思主义基本理论之中，实现从特殊性向普遍性的转化，继续丰富发展马克思主义真理，作出中国共产党的独特贡献，谱写马克思主义发展的新篇章。新民主主义革命时期，我们党正确认识到中国的革命不同于俄国十月革命，开辟了农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的正确革命道路，创新发展了马克思主义关于无产阶级革命道路的理论。社会主义革命和建设时期，我们党把马克思列宁主义基本原理同中国具体实际进行结合，提出社会主义社会是一个很长的历史阶段，要严格区分和正确处理敌我矛盾和人民内部矛盾，正确处理我国社会主义建设的十大关系等一系列重要思想，创新发展了马克思主义关于社会主义建设的理论。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我们党从新的实践和时代特征出发坚持和发展马克思主义，科学回答了建设中国特色社会主义的发展道路、发展阶段、根本任务、发展动力、发展战略、政治保证、祖国统一、外交和国际战略、领导力量和依靠力量等一系列基本问题，以中国特色社会主义的理论创新和实践创新，坚持和发展了科学社会主义的理论和实践。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，国内外形势新变化和实践新要求迫切需要我们党从理论和实践的结合上深入回答关系党和国家事业发展、党治国理政的一系列重大时代课题，以全新的视野深化对“三大规律”认识，取得重大理论创新成果，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义。

Upholding the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture opened the path for Chinese Communists to enrich and develop truth by utilizing the resources of the nation’s own culture. The adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context inherently requires the integration of Marxism with China’s fine traditional culture, using the unique thought concepts, value ideas, philosophical wisdom, modes of knowing and acting, and linguistic categories of Chinese culture to express the true essence of Marxism. The “Second Integration” first answers the question of whether integration is necessary. Our Party recognizes that upholding the “First Integration” inevitably requires the “Second Integration”; only the “Second Integration” can carry the “First Integration” through to the end. The “Second Integration” next answers the question of whether integration is possible. Xi Jinping points out: “The prerequisite for ‘integration’ is mutual compatibility. ‘Integration’ is not a forced patchwork. Marxism and China’s fine traditional culture have different origins, but there is a high degree of compatibility between them.” [6]6 The “Three Represents” (三个代表) is a guiding theory developed by Jiang Zemin, holding that the Communist Party of China must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. Only with compatibility can integration be achieved. The “Second Integration” also answers the question of what the result of integration is. “Integration” has both activated the genes of Chinese civilization with the light of truth, promoting the life renewal and modern transformation of Chinese civilization, and propelled Marxism to achieve new leaps in its adaptation to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, displaying an increasingly distinct Chinese style and Chinese manner. In the process of upholding the “Second Integration,” the Chinese Communist Party pursues truth, reveals truth, and steadfastly practices truth, enriching and developing Marxism. This is based not only on the Party’s innovative practices and valuable experience but also on utilizing the unique and excellent cultural resources of Chinese civilization, integrating the intellectual wealth of Chinese history into the Party’s theoretical innovation achievements and infusing it into the new cultural life form of the development of Marxism.

坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，开辟了中国共产党人在运用本民族文化资源中丰富和发展真理的道路。马克思主义中国化，内在地要求马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化相结合，用中华文化特有的思想观念、价值理念、哲学智慧、知行方式、语言范畴等，表达马克思主义的真谛。“第二个结合”首先是回答要不要结合的问题。我们党认识到，坚持“第一个结合”必然要求“第二个结合”，只有“第二个结合”才能将“第一个结合”贯彻到底。“第二个结合”其次要回答能不能结合的问题。习近平指出：“‘结合’的前提是彼此契合。‘结合’不是硬凑在一起的。马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化来源不同，但彼此存在高度的契合性。”[6]具有契合性才可能实现结合。“第二个结合”还要回答结合的结果是什么的问题。“结合”既以真理之光激活了中华文明的基因，推动了中华文明的生命更新和现代转型，又推动了马克思主义不断实现中国化时代化的新飞跃，显示出日益鲜明的中国风格与中国气派。中国共产党在坚持“第二个结合”过程中追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理，丰富发展马克思主义，既是依据党的创新实践和宝贵经验，又是运用中华文明的独特优秀文化资源，将中国历史的思想财富融入党的理论创新成果之中，注入马克思主义发展新的文化生命体中。

Third, the Second Integration [11]11 The Second Integration (第二个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, as distinct from the First Integration, which is the integration of Marxism with China’s concrete realities. It was formally proposed by Xi Jinping in 2023. has opened up vast space for theoretical and practical innovation in the pursuit, revelation and steadfast practice of truth. The Second Integration is another ideological emancipation, broadening the cultural space for theoretical innovation. The pursuit of truth requires ideological emancipation; our Party’s process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is precisely a process of continuous ideological emancipation. An important purpose of theoretical innovation in the New Era is to emancipate ourselves from historical nihilism and cultural nihilism toward traditional Chinese culture, and to tap the rich historical and cultural deposits of the Chinese nation on the path of exploring truth. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Second Integration is another ideological emancipation, enabling us to make full use of the valuable resources of fine traditional Chinese culture within a broader cultural space and to explore theoretical and institutional innovations oriented toward the future.” [6]6 The “Three Represents” (三个代表) is a guiding theory developed by Jiang Zemin, holding that the Communist Party of China must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. Traditional Chinese culture contains both essence and dross; some parts are inseparable from past social forms, while others transcend history and possess eternal value. It is necessary to distinguish the content of fine traditional culture, so that in its integration with Marxism, through creative transformation and innovative development, it can be renewed over time, maintain strong vitality, and be more extensively and deeply integrated into the Party’s innovative theories of the New Era.

第三，“第二个结合”为追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理开辟了广阔的理论和实践创新空间。“第二个结合”是又一次的思想解放，开阔了理论创新的文化空间。追求真理需要解放思想，我们党推进马克思主义中国化时代化，就是不断解放思想的过程。新时代理论创新，一个重要目的，就是要从对待中华传统文化的历史虚无主义和文化虚无主义中解放出来，在探索真理的道路上开发中华民族的历史文化富矿。习近平指出：“‘第二个结合’是又一次的思想解放，让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新。”[6]中华传统文化，有精华也有糟粕，有的与以往的社会形态密不可分，有的是超越历史、具有永恒价值的。要区分出优秀传统文化的内容，使其在与马克思主义的结合中，在创造性转化、创新性发展中，历久弥新，保持强大的生命力，使其更加广泛和深入地融入新时代党的创新理论之中。

The Second Integration has expanded the cultural foundation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, indicating that the Party’s understanding of China’s path, theory, system and culture has reached a new height. The formation of the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the most important achievement of the Party’s theoretical and practical innovation and its understanding and development of truth since reform and opening up. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Second Integration has given the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics a broader and deeper historical depth, expanding its cultural foundation.” [6]6 The “Three Represents” (三个代表) is a guiding theory developed by Jiang Zemin, holding that the Communist Party of China must always represent the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. The creation of socialism with Chinese characteristics is not only the result of the high compatibility between scientific socialism and China’s concrete reality, but also the result of the high compatibility between scientific socialism and fine traditional Chinese culture, which has enabled scientific socialism to take deep root in the land of China. Fine traditional Chinese culture endows the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the genes of Chinese civilization; this path has grown out of the land of China, not copied from other countries. Fine traditional Chinese culture endows the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the substance of Chinese culture; this theory is both a continuation of Marxism and an extension of Chinese thought and culture. Fine traditional Chinese culture endows the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the root of Chinese institutional culture; this system conforms to the developmental trend of the Chinese nation toward internal cohesion and pluralistic unity, inheriting the great unification tradition of Chinese culture in which all regions are governed under a single system, all customs are harmonized, and the whole realm is one family. Fine traditional Chinese culture endows the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the long-standing source of Chinese culture; this culture is the national bloodline of revolutionary culture and the deep foundation of advanced socialist culture.

“第二个结合”拓展了中国特色社会主义道路的文化根基，表明党对中国道路、理论、制度的认识达到了新高度。形成中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化，是改革开放以来党推进理论和实践创新、认识和发展真理最重要的成果。习近平指出：“‘第二个结合’让中国特色社会主义道路有了更加宏阔深远的历史纵深，拓展了中国特色社会主义道路的文化根基。”[6]开创中国特色社会主义，不仅是科学社会主义与中国具体实际具有高度契合性的结果，而且也是科学社会主义与中华优秀传统文化具有高度契合性的结果，这就使得科学社会主义在中华大地牢牢扎下根来。中华优秀传统文化赋予中国特色社会主义道路以中华文明的基因，这一道路是从中华大地长出来的，不是照搬照抄其他国家的。中华优秀传统文化赋予中国特色社会主义理论以中华文化的底蕴，这一理论既是马克思主义的传承，也是中国思想文化的赓续。中华优秀传统文化赋予中国特色社会主义制度以中华制度文化的根脉，这一制度顺应向内凝聚、多元一体的中华民族发展大趋势，承继九州共贯、六合同风、四海一家的中华文化大一统传统。中华优秀传统文化赋予中国特色社会主义文化以中华文化久远的源泉，这一文化是革命文化的民族血脉，是社会主义先进文化的深厚根基。

The Second Integration demonstrates a high degree of cultural confidence and has strengthened the cultural subjectivity in the creation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Subjectivity is the driving force of truth; the pursuit, revelation and steadfast practice of truth are activities that give full play to subjectivity. Adhering to the Second Integration itself manifests the Party’s cultural subjectivity in determining what kind of culture to uphold and develop and how to develop it, and manifests the Party’s cultural subjectivity in blazing the path of developing truth based on China’s reality and rooted in Chinese culture. The Party has demonstrated its cultural subjectivity in the pursuit, revelation and steadfast practice of truth, and the creation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the most powerful embodiment of this cultural subjectivity. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era adheres to the Second Integration, consciously applies and integrates fine traditional Chinese culture throughout the process of theoretical innovation in the New Era, strives to explore correct answers to the major issues of the New Era, and organically incorporates the valuable resources of fine traditional Chinese culture into the scientific theoretical system, embodying a cultural subjectivity that carries forward history and opens up the future.

“第二个结合”展现出高度的文化自信，增强了创立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化主体性。主体性是真理的动力，追求、揭示、笃行真理，是高度发扬主体性的活动。坚持“第二个结合”，本身就表明了党在坚持和发展什么样的文化、怎样发展文化上的文化主体性，表明了党在立足中国实际、扎根中华文化中开辟发展真理的道路上的文化主体性。党在追求、揭示、笃行真理中彰显了文化主体性，创立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想就是这一文化主体性的最有力体现。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚持“第二个结合”，自觉把中华优秀传统文化运用和贯穿于新时代理论创新过程中，努力探寻回答和解决新时代重大问题的正确答案，将中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源有机融入科学理论体系之中，体现了传承历史、开创未来的文化主体性。

IV. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Was Created and Developed in the Process of Pursuing, Revealing and Steadfastly Practicing Truth

四、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理的过程中创立和发展

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has achieved a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The pursuit, revelation and steadfast practice of truth run through the entire process of the creation and development of this thought, and are the fundamental reasons why this thought has become the Marxism of contemporary China and the Marxism of the twenty-first century.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理，贯穿这一思想的创立和发展过程中，是这一思想成为当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义的根本原因。

First, theoretical innovation in the New Era is precisely the continued pursuit, revelation and steadfast practice of truth. In the New Era, China’s development has entered a new historical juncture, undergoing the most extensive and profound social transformation in its history and carrying out the most grand and unique practical innovation in human history. This is an era that needs new thought and is capable of producing new thought, an era that calls for theoretical innovation and is capable of achieving theoretical innovation. Whether it is coordinating the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century, or moving from building a moderately prosperous society in all respects to comprehensively building a modern socialist country; whether it is answering major issues of the times, or answering the questions of China, the world, the people and the times; whether it is solving the unique problems facing a large party like the CPC, or effectively responding to anticipated and unanticipated risks and challenges — all require the Party to make scientific responses, continue to advance theoretical innovation on the basis of practice, and continue to open up the path of exploring truth. The theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the outcome of truth-based understanding that initiated socialism with Chinese characteristics, but it has not exhausted the truth-based exploration of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is an ever-developing cause, and it still requires us to press forward on the path of pursuing truth.

第一，新时代的理论创新就是继续追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理。新时代，我国发展进入新的历史方位，经历着我国历史上最为广泛而深刻的社会变革，进行着人类历史上最为宏大而独特的实践创新。这是一个需要新思想并且能够产生新思想的时代，是一个呼唤理论创新并且能够做出理论创新的时代。无论是统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，还是从全面建成小康社会到全面建设社会主义现代化国家；无论是回答重大时代课题，还是回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问；无论是解决大党独有难题，还是有效应对预料到和未曾预料到的风险挑战等，都需要党作出科学回答，继续推进实践基础上的理论创新，继续开辟探索真理的道路。中国特色社会主义理论体系，是开创中国特色社会主义的真理性认识成果，但并没有穷尽对中国特色社会主义的真理性探索。中国特色社会主义是一个不断发展的事业，仍然需要在追求真理的道路上一路前行。

The pursuit, revelation and steadfast practice of truth in the New Era require us to continue exploring the path of truth in the process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, while also raising many new demands due to the characteristics of the New Era. First, in the pursuit of truth, the demand for upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is highlighted. It is necessary both to rectify some serious problems that once existed in the Party’s political life within the Party and to resolve the chaotic situation that once prevailed in the ideological sphere, and at the same time to strengthen the Four Confidences [12]12 The Four Confidences (四个自信) are confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. and safeguard the foundations and essentials of the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; it is necessary both to preserve the important chapters written by our predecessors in upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to write new chapters. Second, in the revelation of truth, the demand for concentrated answers to major issues of the times is highlighted. Theoretical innovation is a response to the voice of the times. Theoretical innovation in the New Era is concentrated in answering such major issues of the times as upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and building a long-term governing Marxist party, forming a scientific system around answering these major issues of the times. Third, in the steadfast practice of truth, the demand for grasping the fundamental of staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission [13]13 The original aspiration and founding mission (初心使命) refers to the original aspiration of the Chinese Communists to seek happiness for the Chinese people and the founding mission of rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. is highlighted. The reason why the CPC in the New Era must steadfastly practice truth is that this is an inevitable requirement for adhering to the original aspiration and founding mission; adhering to the original aspiration and founding mission requires “struggling for the truth.”

新时代追求、揭示、笃行真理，要求我们在推进马克思主义中国化时代化进程中继续探索真理道路，又因新时代的特点提出了许多新要求。一是在追求真理中突出守正创新的要求。既要纠治过去一段时间党内政治生活存在的一些严重问题，解决意识形态领域一度存在的混乱局面，又要坚定“四个自信”，守住中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化的基和本；既要守好前人在坚持和发展中国特色社会主义进程中写下的重要篇章，又要写出新的篇章。二是在揭示真理中集中回答重大时代课题的要求。理论创新是对时代声音的回应，新时代理论创新集中体现在回答新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、全面建设社会主义现代化国家、建设长期执政的马克思主义政党等重大时代课题上，围绕回答重大时代课题构成科学体系。三是在笃行真理中抓住牢记初心使命这个根本的要求。新时代中国共产党之所以要笃行真理，是由于这是坚守初心使命的必然要求，坚守初心使命就必须“为真理而斗争”。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era was founded and developed in the pursuit, revelation, and practice of truth. This thought was founded as the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation entered a critical period; the truth-seeking of theoretical innovation closely revolves around the overarching goal of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation, providing scientific theoretical support for realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This thought has developed on the new journey of realizing the Second Centenary Goal [14]14 The “three changes” (三个之变) refers to “changes of the world, of the times, and of history” (世界之变、时代之变、历史之变), a formulation used by Xi Jinping to describe the profound transformations of the contemporary era. and comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Building a modern socialist power in the world’s largest developing country is a great pioneering feat in world modernization history, unprecedented; deeply exploring and accurately revealing the laws of Chinese-path modernization can provide innovative results for the theory and practice of scientific socialism. This thought unfolds through the pathway of the Two Integrations, [15]15 The “biggest politics” (最大的政治) is a term used by Xi Jinping to designate comprehensively especially the Second Integration, [16] and the Two Integrations have become the conscious recognition of founding and developing the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era. [17] Because the Second Integration is another ideological emancipation, this thought has also become the product of another ideological emancipation.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理中创立和发展。这一思想是在实现中华民族伟大复兴进入关键时期创立的，理论创新的真理追求，紧紧围绕全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的总目标，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供科学理论支持。这一思想是在实现第二个百年奋斗目标、全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中发展的，要在最大发展中国家建成社会主义现代化强国，是世界现代化历史上的伟大创举，前所未有，深入探索、准确揭示中国式现代化的规律，能够为科学社会主义的理论和实践提供创新性成果。这一思想是在“两个结合”特别是“第二个结合”的途径中展开的，“两个结合”成为创立和发展新时代党的创新理论的认识自觉。由于“第二个结合”是又一次思想解放，因此这一思想也成为又一次思想解放的产物。

Second, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era embodies the character and power of truth. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era contains a rich character of truth, concentratedly manifested in the “Six Musts.” [18] This thought regards upholding the people’s supremacy as the value stance in pursuing truth, takes a people-centered approach as a red thread running through the entire process of theoretical innovation, regards seeking happiness for the people as the inexhaustible driving force for pursuing truth, and takes the people as the subjective yardstick for the practical standard of truth. This thought regards upholding confidence and self-reliance as the intrinsic character of developing truth. The Four Confidences [19] are rooted in confidence in truth; it is precisely because it conforms to truth that there are the Four Confidences. Independence and taking one’s own path are political self-reliance, as well as ideological and theoretical self-reliance, reflecting the character of truth’s independence. This thought regards upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground as the basic guideline for advancing truth. Truth does not fall from the sky but is obtained through the continuous exploration of generations; breaking new ground while upholding fundamental principles, and upholding fundamental principles while breaking new ground—the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era is the product of upholding and developing the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, achieving a new leap forward in upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. This thought regards adhering to a problem-oriented approach as the main path for discovering truth. Truth is not deduced from concepts but exists in the process of raising and solving problems; grasping real problems, cracking difficult problems, and solving major problems opens the path to truth. This thought regards adhering to a systems perspective as the thinking method for exploring truth. Truth is a system, a systemic achievement that grasps relations among all aspects and yields comprehensive understanding; therefore, the thinking process of understanding truth is also a process of systems thinking; only systems thinking can understand the system of truth. This thought regarding embracing the world as the global dimension of perceiving truth—only by seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation can there be a diligent pursuit of the great path of human progress and a broad mind for the vision of a world of great harmony; narrow vision and selfish calculations make it very difficult to approach truth; embracing the world is a necessary condition for understanding truth.

第二，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想蕴含真理品格和真理力量。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想蕴含着丰富的真理品格，集中体现在“六个必须坚持”中。这一思想把坚持人民至上作为追求真理的价值立场，把以人民为中心作为一条红线贯穿于理论创新的全过程，将为人民谋幸福作为追求真理的不竭动力，把人民当作真理的实践标准的主体尺度。这一思想把坚持自信自立作为发展真理的内在品格，“四个自信”根源于对真理的自信，正因为符合真理才有“四个自信”，独立自主、走自己的路，是政治上的自立，也是思想上理论上的自立，是真理独立性品格的反映。这一思想把坚持守正创新作为推进真理的基本遵循，真理不是从天上掉下来的，而是在一代代人的持续探索中得来的，在守正中创新、在创新中守正，新时代党的创新理论是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义理论体系的产物，是在守正创新中实现新的飞跃。这一思想把坚持问题导向作为发现真理的主要路径，真理不是从概念出发推导出来的，而是存在于提出问题、解决问题的过程中，抓住真问题，破解难问题，解决大问题，这就开辟了通向真理的道路。这一思想把坚持系统观念作为探索真理的思维方法，真理是系统，是把握各方面关系、得出全面性认识的体系成果，因此认识真理的思维过程也是系统思维的过程，只有系统思维才能认识真理系统。这一思想把坚持胸怀天下作为感悟真理的世界之维，为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴，才能有谋人类进步之大道的孜孜追求，有谋世界大同之构想的宽阔胸怀，狭隘的眼界、利己的盘算，是很难接近真理的，胸怀天下是认识真理的必要条件。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era contains a profound power of truth, mainly manifested in the power of faith, the power of responsibility, the power of creation, and the power of practice that this thought demonstrates. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era strengthens confidence in socialism with Chinese characteristics, upholds the people’s supremacy, and advances the comprehensive building of a modern socialist country; what is embedded within is a firm belief in Marxism and a steadfast conviction in the communist ideal. This thought unswervingly advances the realization of the Two Centenary Goals, [20] vigorously promotes comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up, and courageously carries out the Party’s self-revolution, prominently reflecting

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想蕴含着厚重的真理力量，主要体现为这一思想彰显的信仰的力量、担当的力量、创造的力量、实践的力量。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚定中国特色社会主义自信，坚持人民至上，推进全面建成社会主义现代化强国，蕴含其中的是对马克思主义的坚定信仰，对共产主义理想的执着信念。这一思想坚定不移地推进实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标，大力推进全面深化改革，勇于进行党的自我革命，突出反映了习近平对中华民族和中国人民的使命担当，凝结着他对历史和未来的高度负责，“我将无我，不负人民”，[7](P250)正是这一担当精神的凝练表达。这一思想勇于进行理论创造，开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界，把创新作为第一动力，强调敢于说前人没有说过的话，敢于干前人没有干过的事，倡导培育和创造新时代中国特色社会主义文化，在理论创新和实践创新的相互促进中开创中国特色社会主义新时代。这一思想坚持知行合一，志在全面建成社会主义现代化强国，推进伟大变革，引领新时代中国迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，中华民族进入不可逆转的历史进程。

Third, on the new journey, in pursuing truth, revealing truth, and practicing truth, we open up new horizons for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The 20th National Congress of the CPC opened a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, which is also a new journey of opening up new horizons for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, a new journey of pursuing truth, revealing truth, and practicing truth. Viewed from the trend of the accelerated evolution of the changes unseen in a century, at present, changes of the world, of the times, and of history are unfolding in ways unprecedented. Xi Jinping pointed out in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the BRICS Business Forum in 2022: “Where is the world headed? Peace or war? Development or recession? Openness or isolation? Cooperation or confrontation? These are the questions of our times placed before us.”[8]8 The “Second Integration” (第二个结合) refers specifically to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s fine traditional Chinese culture. “Where is the world headed” is a major global, historical, and epochal issue brought together by the “three changes,” bearing on the future and destiny of human society. Under this overarching question of the times, four specific and direct questions of the times sharply raise the profound contradictions and conflicts concerning where the world is headed. In the face of these major questions of the times, it is necessary to clarify the deep-seated causes of these contradictions and conflicts and their internal connections, to think deeply about how to resolve these contradictions and conflicts, to promote the correct path for humanity to realize a better future, and to provide feasible pathways and practical solutions for building a community with a shared future for mankind.

第三，新征程上在追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理中开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界。党的二十大开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，这也是开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界的新征程，是追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理的新征程。从世界百年未有之大变局加速演进的趋势看，当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，习近平在2022年金砖国家工商论坛开幕式上的主旨演讲中指出：“世界向何处去？和平还是战争？发展还是衰退？开放还是封闭？合作还是对抗？是摆在我们面前的时代之问。”[8]“世界向何处去”是“三个之变”汇聚而成的世界性、历史性、时代性重大课题，关系到人类社会的前途命运。在这个总的时代之问下，四个具体的直接的时代之问，尖锐地提出了关系到世界向何处去的深刻矛盾和冲突。在这些重大时代之问面前，必须厘清这些矛盾冲突的深层原因及其内在联系，深入思考如何破解这些矛盾冲突，推动人类实现美好未来的正确道路，提供构建人类命运共同体的可行路径和现实方案。

On December 29, 2023, Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference New Year’s Tea Party: “Comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization is the central task of the Party and the state on the new journey of the New Era, and is the biggest politics of the New Era.”[9]9 The “First Integration” (第一个结合) refers specifically to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities. The meeting of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee held on April 30, 2024, pointed out that the current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization. In this critical period, closely centering on the “biggest politics” and advancing the realization of the Party’s central task, it is necessary to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity, to better adapt to changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, to let the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly, to promote the steady and long-term development of the cause of the Party and the state, to gain strategic initiative in the increasingly fierce international competition, and to build a stronger and more powerful Marxist political party, and so on. All of these require deepening theoretical thinking, obtaining true understanding in answering these key questions of the critical period, and providing new cognitive achievements for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

2023年12月29日，习近平在全国政协新年茶话会上的讲话中指出：“以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，是新时代新征程党和国家的中心任务，是新时代最大的政治。”[9] 2024年4月30日召开的中共中央政治局会议指出，当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。在这一关键时期紧紧围绕“最大的政治”，推进实现党的中心任务，要推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，更好适应我国社会主要矛盾变化，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，推动党和国家事业行稳致远，在日趋激烈的国际竞争中赢得战略主动，建设更加坚强有力的马克思主义政党，等等，都需要深化理论思考，在回答这些关键时期的关键问题中得出真理性认识，为马克思主义中国化时代化提供新的认识成果。

Our Party has traversed a course of struggle spanning more than 100 years. It is the world’s largest Marxist ruling party, leading a major country with a population of over 1.4 billion, and has been in power for more than 70 years. It thus confronts the unique challenge of a major party. This unique challenge is the major epochal issue of building a long-term Marxist ruling party, with the “six issues of how to always” [16] as its main content. Whether a Marxist ruling party can break out of the historical cycle of rise and fall [17] was a question Mao Zedong pondered during the Yan’an period, the Xibaipo period, and after the founding of New China, arriving at the answer of popular supervision. Entering the New Era, the Party faces major tests in long-term governance. Xi Jinping has deeply pondered the

我们党已经走过100多年的奋斗历程，是世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，领导着有14亿多人口的大国，已经长期执政70多年，面对着大党独有难题。这个独有难题就是以“六个如何始终”为主要内容，建设长期执政的马克思主义政党的重大时代课题。马克思主义执政党能不能跳出治乱兴衰的历史周期率，毛泽东在延安时期、西柏坡时期、新中国成立后，都思考了这一课题，得出了人民监督的答案。进入新时代，党长期执政面对重大考验，习近平深入思考党的自身建设重大课题，时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定，明确提出党的自我革命这个跳出历史周期率的第二个答案，是中国化时代化马克思主义党建思想的重大成果，是对马克思主义建党学说的重大发展，是马克思主义执政党建设在新时代的科学性真理性认识结晶。

(Author’s biography: Yan Xiaofeng, Dean of the School of Marxism at Tianjin University, professor and doctoral supervisor)

（作者简介：颜晓峰，天津大学马克思主义学院院长，教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心