The Triple Implications of Constructing the New Development Paradigm

Since reform and opening up, China has created a globally recognized miracle of economic growth, successfully completed the historical tasks of poverty alleviation and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and achieved the First Centenary Goal. As China’s economy enters a new stage of development, the phenomenon of insufficient domestic demand within the domestic circulation has become increasingly prominent, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-quality economic development. At the same time, under an external environment of complex and volatile world political and economic conditions, intensifying waves of de-globalization, and heightened uncertainty, the weakening momentum of international circulation may also pose obstacles to high-quality economic development. Against this backdrop, the Party Central Committee made the major strategic decision to “accelerate the construction of a new development paradigm.” The national 14th Five-Year Plan and the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC both clearly emphasize the need to “accelerate the construction of a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing.” General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly pointed out: “Accelerating the construction of a new development paradigm is a strategic decision made on the basis of achieving the Second Centenary Goal and coordinating development and security; it is a strategic deployment to seize the initiative in future development.” Currently, China is entering a critical period of embarking on a new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist country and marching toward the Second Centenary Goal. Fully understanding the significance of constructing the new development paradigm is crucial for better and more targeted promotion of its construction.

改革开放以来，我国创造了举世瞩目的经济增长奇迹，顺利完成脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的历史任务，实现了第一个百年奋斗目标。随着我国经济迈入新发展阶段，国内循环中内需不足现象日益突出，难以满足经济高质量发展的要求。同时，在世界政治经济形势错综复杂、逆全球化浪潮加剧、不确定性提高的外部环境下，国际循环的动能趋弱也可能对经济高质量发展构成阻碍。在此背景下，党中央作出了“加快构建新发展格局”的重大战略决策。国家“十四五”规划和党的二十大报告均明确强调要“加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”。习近平总书记明确指出：“加快构建新发展格局，是立足实现第二个百年奋斗目标、统筹发展和安全作出的战略决策，是把握未来发展主动权的战略部署。”当前，我国正迈入全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的关键时期。充分理解构建新发展格局的重要意义，对于更好地、更有针对性地推动构建新发展格局至关重要。

It is conducive to smoothing domestic circulation and promoting high-quality economic development.

有利于畅通国内大循环，推动经济高质量发展

Since reform and opening up, China has seized the important opportunities of economic globalization, deeply participated in the international circulation, and achieved a rapid enhancement of economic strength. However, as the domestic and international economic environments have changed, the foundations and conditions on which the international circulation model relied have undergone profound changes, and the development model of “large-scale imports and exports, with both ends abroad” [1]1 “Large-scale imports and exports, with both ends abroad” (大进大出，两头在外) refers to a development model in which China imports raw materials and exports finished products, relying heavily on foreign markets and foreign inputs. is difficult to sustain. At the same time, the problems of obstructed domestic circulation and insufficient domestic demand are relatively prominent, which will also hinder China’s economy from moving toward high-quality development. Therefore, it is urgent to construct a new development paradigm. The essential meaning of constructing the new development paradigm is to smooth the dominant domestic circulation, by taking the expansion of domestic demand as the strategic foundation, breaking through the key bottlenecks that constrain the national economic cycle, and effectively solving the problems of weak household consumption and imbalanced investment structure.

改革开放以来，我国把握经济全球化的重要机遇，深入参与到国际大循环中，实现了经济实力的快速提升。然而，随着国内外经济环境的变化，国际大循环模式所依赖的基础和条件已经发生了深刻变化，“大进大出，两头在外”的发展模式难以持续。同时，国内大循环不畅和内需不足问题较为突出，也将阻碍中国经济迈向高质量发展，因此亟待构建新发展格局。构建新发展格局的题中之义是畅通起主导作用的国内大循环，通过以扩大内需为战略基点，打通制约国民经济循环的关键瓶颈，有效解决居民消费乏力和投资结构失衡的问题。

Constructing the new development paradigm can enhance the foundational role of consumption in economic development and promote high-quality economic development. For a long time, China has adopted a development strategy driven by high investment and high exports to promote economic growth. This has led to economic growth being relatively dependent on external demand, while domestic household consumption has been relatively weak, posing certain obstacles to achieving high-quality economic development. Data from the World Bank’s WDI database show that in 2022, the share of household consumption in China’s GDP was only 38.4%, significantly lower than that of other upper-middle-income countries. It was not only 16.5 percentage points below the global average but also 11.2 and 19.6 percentage points lower than the levels of middle-income and high-income countries, respectively. According to international experience, the level of consumption demand in a country mainly depends on the consumption capacity of the middle-income group. Although the high-income group has a higher income level, its marginal propensity to consume is lower; the low-income group has a higher marginal propensity to consume, but its excessively low income level leads to limited consumption capacity. By smoothing the dominant domestic circulation, constructing the new development paradigm can rely on a more reasonable income distribution structure to raise residents’ income levels and enhance consumption capacity, and rely on a sound social security system to alleviate residents’ concerns about consumption and boost their consumption desire. This can cultivate and strengthen the middle-income group, the backbone of consumption, and activate the world’s largest and most promising consumer market, thereby providing stable and sustained development momentum for the domestic circulation.

构建新发展格局可以增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用，推动经济高质量发展。长期以来，我国采取的是以高投资高出口推动经济增长的发展战略。这导致经济增长较多地依赖于外部需求，同时国内居民消费较为乏力，对实现经济高质量发展构成了一定阻碍。世界银行WDI数据库的数据显示，2022年中国居民消费占GDP的比重仅为38.4%，与其他中高收入国家相比显著偏低，不仅低于全球平均水平16.5个百分点，也分别低于中等收入国家和高收入国家11.2个和19.6个百分点。按照国际经验，一国消费需求的高低主要取决于中等收入群体的消费能力。高收入群体虽然收入水平较高，但其边际消费倾向较低；低收入群体边际消费倾向较高，但其过低的收入水平又导致消费能力有限。构建新发展格局可以通过畅通起主导作用的国内大循环，依托更为合理的收入分配结构来提高居民收入水平和提高消费能力，依靠健全社会保障体系来打消居民消费后顾之忧和提升消费欲望，从而可以培育壮大作为消费中坚力量的中等收入群体和激活全球最大最有潜力的消费市场，为国内大循环提供稳定持续的发展动力。

Constructing the new development paradigm can enhance the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure and promote high-quality economic development. Investment is an important engine driving China’s long-term high-speed economic growth. In recent years, China has faced problems of investment efficiency needing improvement and a relative lack of endogenous momentum, which constrain high-quality economic development. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in 2022, China’s gross capital formation contributed 50.1% to GDP, but its contribution to GDP growth was only 1.5 percentage points, indicating that the efficiency of investment in driving economic growth is relatively low. The private economy is a vital force in advancing Chinese-path modernization and an important foundation for high-quality development. From 2012 to 2022, the average share of private investment in total investment was 56.8%, but in the first half of 2023, this share fell to 52.9%, indicating a certain lack of endogenous momentum in investment. The main reason for the need to improve investment efficiency and the relative lack of endogenous momentum is the relative insufficiency of effective productive investment. Investment can be divided into productive investment and non-productive investment. Productive investment refers to investment in material production fields such as production and construction, with the final result being various productive assets. Non-productive investment refers to investment in non-material production fields, with the final result being various non-productive assets. The healthy operation of the macroeconomy requires maintaining an appropriate proportion between productive and non-productive investment, especially ensuring that the proportion of real estate and non-productive investment is not too high. Further improving the marketization mechanism can create greater growth space for effective productive investment, using the vast and sustainable consumer demand as a lever to guide more investment into productive sectors, and effectively stimulate the endogenous growth momentum of investment with reasonable and stable rates of return.

构建新发展格局可以增强投资对优化供给结构的关键作用，推动经济高质量发展。投资是我国经济保持长期高速增长的重要动力引擎。近年来，中国面临投资效率有待提升、内生动力相对缺乏的问题，制约了经济高质量发展。国家统计局数据显示，2022年中国资本形成总额对GDP的贡献率达到50.1%，但对GDP增长的拉动仅有1.5个百分点，表明投资拉动经济增长的效率相对偏低。民营经济是推进中国式现代化的生力军，是高质量发展的重要基础。2012—2022年民间投资占整体投资比重的均值为56.8%，2023年上半年该比重降到52.9%，表明投资的内生动力有所不足。投资效率有待提升和内生动力相对缺乏的主要原因在于有效的生产性投资相对不足。投资可分为生产性投资和非生产性投资。生产性投资是指投入到生产和建设等物质生产领域中的投资，其最终成果是各种生产性资产。非生产性投资是指投入到非物质生产领域中的投资，其最终成果是各种非生产性资产。宏观经济的健康运行需要生产性投资和非生产性投资保持适当的比例，尤其是房地产与非生产性投资的比例不能过高。进一步完善市场化机制，可以为有效的生产性投资创造更大的增长空间，以庞大而可持续的消费需求为抓手，引导投资更多地流入生产性部门，以合理稳定的投资回报率有效激发投资的内生增长动力。

It is conducive to promoting domestic and international dual circulation and shaping new advantages for China in international cooperation and competition.

有利于促进国内国际双循环，塑造我国国际合作与竞争新优势

The traditional international circulation model was essentially a “low-end embedding” into the global value chain division of labor. For a considerable period after reform and opening up, especially following China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, what China undertook in the international gradient transfer of industries was mainly low value-added parts. As China’s industries deeply participate in the globalization process and continuously move upstream in the value chain, the relationship with developed economies has inevitably shifted from complementary misalignment to direct competition. Relying on a low-cost development model based on low labor costs and low environmental costs will become unsustainable. China urgently needs to form new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition. Therefore, the inherent requirement of constructing the new development paradigm is to take domestic circulation as the mainstay, enhance the resilience of industrial and supply chains based on a complete industrial system, rely on the super-large market to form a powerful gravitational field for factors and resources, and promote domestic and international dual circulation.

传统的国际大循环模式，其实就是“低端嵌入”全球价值链分工体系。在改革开放以来尤其是加入世界贸易组织之后的较长一段时间里，我国在产业的国际梯度转移中承接的主要是低附加值部分。随着我国产业深入参与全球化进程并不断向价值链上游延伸，与国际发达经济体的关系不可避免地由错位互补转向正面竞争。依靠低劳动力成本、低环境成本等低成本发展模式将难以为继，中国迫切需要形成参与国际合作与竞争的新优势。因此，构建新发展格局的内在要求是以国内大循环为主体，立足完整产业体系提升产业链供应链韧性，依托超大规模市场形成强大的要素资源引力场，促进国内国际双循环。

Relying on a complete industrial system to enhance the resilience of industrial and supply chains. In recent years, trade protectionism has risen, anti-globalization sentiments have resurged, and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led major global economies to make significant adjustments to their industrial layouts, resulting in considerable changes in the logic and form of the industrial chain division of labor. The rapid iteration and upgrading of China’s industries and technologies have drawn the attention of developed economies to China’s development. Trade frictions between China and foreign countries may affect the security of China’s industrial and supply chains through the severing and decoupling of key products and technologies. At the same time, major innovations in the distribution model of global industrial and supply chains may also impact the resilience of China’s industrial and supply chains. China possesses the world’s most complete and largest industrial system. It is the only country in the world that has all 41 major industrial categories, 207 medium industrial categories, and 666 minor industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification. In particular, the scale of its manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world for more than ten consecutive years, accounting for about one-third of the global share, making it a hub of global industrial and supply chains. The advantage of China’s industrial system lies in its high completeness and strong supporting capabilities, which can effectively respond to supply shocks caused by changes in the external environment and strongly enhance the resilience of China’s economic development. By taking domestic circulation as the mainstay, constructing the new development paradigm can further integrate and optimize the existing complete industrial system, lengthen strengths, shore up weaknesses, accelerate the resolution of “bottleneck” problems in core technologies, build independent and controllable industrial and supply chains, and thereby enhance the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains.

依托完整产业体系提升产业链供应链韧性。近年来，贸易保护主义抬头，逆全球化思潮卷土重来，新冠肺炎疫情发生导致全球各大经济体都对产业布局作出重大调整，产业链分工的逻辑和形态发生了较大变化。我国产业与技术的快速迭代升级引发了发达经济体对于我国发展的关注，中外贸易摩擦可能通过关键产品技术上的断链脱钩对中国产业链供应链安全性产生影响。同时，全球产业链供应链分布模式的重大革新也可能对中国产业链供应链韧性产生影响。中国具有全球最完整、规模最大的工业体系，是全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部41个工业大类、207个工业中类、666个工业小类的国家，尤其是制造业规模已经连续十余年居世界第一，占全球比重高达三分之一左右，已成为全球产业链供应链的枢纽。我国产业体系的优势在于体系完备性高和配套能力强，能够有效应对外部环境变化等带来的供给冲击，有力增强我国经济发展韧性。构建新发展格局可以以国内大循环为主体，进一步整合与优化现有完整产业体系，拉长长板、补齐短板，加快破解核心技术的“卡脖子”难题，构建自主可控的产业链供应链，从而提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平。

Based on the ultra-large-scale market, a powerful gravitational field for factors of production and resources is formed. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that in today’s world, the scarcest resource

立足超大规模市场形成强大的要素资源引力场。习近平总书记指出，当今世界，最稀缺的资源是市场。市场资源是我国的巨大优势，必须充分利用和发挥优势，不断巩固和增强这个优势，形成构建新发展格局的雄厚支撑。我国过去数十年依赖劳动力和自然资源的成本优势，形成了全球资源要素的引力场，有效汇聚全球资源要素，实现了举世瞩目的经济奇迹。随着经济实力的快速提升，我国的成本优势将会逐渐消失，更需要在新发展阶段构建吸引全球资源要素的全新引力场。我国有960多万平方公里国土面积、14亿多人口、4亿多中等收入群体，还拥有全球最具潜力的消费市场。这样的超大规模市场优势可以帮助中国在广阔国土和庞大人口基础上，科学配置各种生产要素资源，经济体系与发展模式能够更加优化。构建新发展格局将以国内大循环为主体，激活全球最有潜力的消费市场，通过超大规模市场形成的庞大需求，分摊产业研发创新成本，充分发挥规模效应和集聚效应，汇聚全球资源将我国建设成为全球创新研发新高地。同时，超大规模市场将推动产业与市场形成良性互动，提高全球产业资源对中国超大规模市场的依赖度，再次形成中国对全球要素资源的强大引力场，进而塑造我国国际合作和竞争新优势。

Conducive to Forming a Higher-Level Dynamic Balance of Supply and Demand and Improving the Efficiency of Macroeconomic Regulation

有利于形成更高水平供需动态平衡，提高宏观调控效率

Accelerating the construction of the new development paradigm is the strategic foundation for promoting high-quality development. Constructing the new development paradigm is a systematic project, an inevitable choice to meet the requirements of China’s new stage of development and to shape new advantages in international cooperation and competition, and, more importantly, a crucial pathway to enhancing the efficiency of macroeconomic regulation.

加快构建新发展格局，是推动高质量发展的战略基点。构建新发展格局是一项系统工程，是适应我国新发展阶段要求、塑造国际合作与竞争新优势的必然选择，更是提升宏观调控效率的重要途径。

By exerting effort on both the supply and demand sides to smooth circulation and unblock bottlenecks, a higher-level dynamic balance is formed in which demand drives supply and supply creates demand. Supply and demand are two sides of the same coin in the economic system. If economic circulation is not smooth, expanded demand will lack matching incremental high-quality supply, making it impossible to form sustainable effective demand, thereby hindering the economy from escaping a low-level equilibrium. Similarly, if economic circulation is obstructed, incremental supply will not obtain matching market demand, preventing supply from being cleared through market transactions, thus making it difficult to push supply and demand toward a higher-level equilibrium. Since reform and opening up, China’s economy has generally exhibited characteristics such as high growth rates and low inflation rates. Compared with the famous “Great Moderation” of the United States and other major economies, the miracle of China’s economic growth has lasted longer and increased the size of the economy more. One important reason for this miracle is that China, under favorable external conditions, carried out a large amount of effective investment, which expanded both aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Under the high-speed growth model driven by the dual engines of “aggregate demand and aggregate supply,” economic supply and demand were balanced, and inflation was thus kept at a moderate level. This valuable historical experience needs to be continued. Constructing the new development paradigm can, by smoothing domestic and international circulation, use the domestic circulation as the solid foundation for the dual domestic and international circulations, and use the dual circulations as the development extension of the domestic circulation, thereby promoting positive interaction between effective demand and effective supply, consumption and investment, and domestic demand and external demand.

从供给和需求两端同时发力畅通循环、打通堵点，形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平的动态平衡。供给和需求是经济系统的一体两面，如果经济循环不畅，扩大的需求将缺乏与之匹配的增量优质供给，导致无法形成可持续的有效需求，进而阻碍经济摆脱低水平均衡。同样，如果经济循环受阻，增量的供给将不能得到与之匹配的市场需求，导致供给无法经由市场交易实现出清，进而难以推动供需迈入更高水平的均衡。改革开放以来，我国经济总的来说具有高增长率和较低通胀率等特征，与美国等主要经济体著名的“大缓和”相比，中国经济增长奇迹所持续时间更长、所增加的经济体量更大。产生中国经济增长奇迹的重要原因之一在于中国在有利外部环境下进行大量的有效投资，既扩大了总需求，也扩大了总供给。在“总需求—总供给”双轮驱动的高速增长模式下，经济供需得到平衡，因而通货膨胀被控制在温和水平。这一宝贵历史经验需要继续坚持。构建新发展格局可以通过畅通国内大循环和国际循环，以国内大循环作为国内国际双循环的坚实基础，以国内国际双循环作为国内大循环的发展延伸，从而推动有效需求和有效供给、消费和投资、内需和外需的良性互动。

Smooth the transmission channels of macroeconomic policy and enhance the efficiency of macroeconomic policy regulation. As China’s economy enters a new stage of development, the efficiency and effectiveness of macroeconomic policy regulation need improvement. In the past, China mainly adopted indirect regulation methods, adjusting monetary and fiscal policy tools such as money supply, interest rates, and taxes to influence the decisions of economic agents through market mechanisms, promoting supply-demand balance, and achieving good regulatory results. However, the lack of smoothness in domestic and international economic circulation may block the transmission channels of macroeconomic policies to market entities, prolonging the time for policies to take effect, reducing transmission efficiency, and decreasing regulatory efficiency. Moreover, traditional macroeconomic policy theory mainly focuses on using stabilization policies to regulate aggregate demand to achieve the goal of smoothing short-term economic fluctuations. The lack of smoothness in domestic and international economic circulation will make the problem of supply-demand mismatch more prominent. Traditional regulation methods, which mainly focus on aggregate demand management, find it difficult to effectively adjust supply in the economy, increasing the difficulty of macroeconomic regulation. To truly smooth the national economic circulation and enhance the efficiency of macroeconomic regulation, it is necessary to innovate and improve the theoretical system of macroeconomic regulation.

畅通宏观政策传导渠道，提升宏观政策调控效率。随着我国经济进入新发展阶段，宏观政策的调控效率和效果有待提高。过去，我国主要采取间接调控的方式，通过调整货币供应量、利率和税收等货币和财政政策工具，以市场化机制影响经济主体决策，推动供需平衡，取得了很好的调控效果。但是，国内外经济循环不畅可能会阻塞宏观政策向市场主体的传导渠道，使得宏观政策作用时间延长、传导效率降低，调控效率下降。此外，传统的宏观政策理论主要侧重于使用稳定政策来调控总需求，达到平抑短期经济波动的目标。国内外经济循环不畅将使得供需不匹配的问题愈发突出，以总需求管理为主的传统调控方式难以有效调整经济中的供给，宏观调控难度加大。要真正畅通国民经济循环、提升宏观调控效率，需要创新和完善宏观调控的理论体系。

A complete national economic circulation involves the mutual influence of multiple aspects, including the short term and the long term, and demand and supply. Short-term consumption and investment behavior will affect the long-term structure of aggregate demand, product supply, and capital accumulation. Similarly, long-term factors will also affect short-term economic circulation. Specifically in China’s case, for a long time, there have been structural and long-term constraining factors in areas such as income distribution, the business environment, and the social security system. On the one hand, this affects residents’ willingness to consume, which is not conducive to the clearing of product and service markets; on the other hand, it also affects enterprises’ willingness to invest in production, which is not conducive to supply adequately meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life. Faced with the situation where the short term and the long term, and demand and supply, influence each other, the traditional macroeconomic regulation approach, which mainly focuses on counter-cyclical adjustment of short-term aggregate demand, is difficult to cope with. Unlike traditional macroeconomic regulation theory, the “three-policy coordination” of macroeconomic policy incorporates three major categories of policies—stabilization policy, growth policy, and structural policy—into a unified framework. In comparison, the “three-policy coordination” of macroeconomic policy comprehensively considers the three major aspects of short-term aggregate demand, long-term supply capacity, and economic structure, and can provide a more effective macroeconomic regulation approach for smoothing the national economic circulation. The “three-policy coordination” advocates using stabilization policies to adjust short-term aggregate demand, using growth policies to enhance long-term growth momentum, using structural policies to improve various important economic structures, and emphasizes coordination and cooperation among the three major categories of policies. Therefore, under the “three-policy coordination” of macroeconomic policy, the short term and the long term, and demand and supply, will be better coordinated and linked, helping the national economic circulation to become smoother. On this basis, the transmission of stabilization policies will also be smoother, transmission efficiency will be effectively improved, achieving effective regulation of the real economy by macroeconomic policies, and providing strong support for constructing the new development paradigm. Specifically regarding the current economic situation, in order to better promote economic recovery and smooth the national economic circulation to construct the new development paradigm, the “three-policy coordination” of macroeconomic policy needs to do three things well: appropriately raise the economic growth target to a level slightly above the potential growth rate, so as to achieve a higher-level balance of supply and demand; moderately increase the intensity of monetary and fiscal policies to provide sustained momentum for the increase in aggregate demand and the domestic circulation; and coordinate the use of structural and growth policies to fundamentally unblock the bottlenecks in the national economic circulation and improve the efficiency of macroeconomic regulation, providing practical guarantees for the construction of the new development paradigm.

完整的国民经济循环涉及短期和长期、需求和供给等多方面的相互影响。短期的消费和投资行为将影响到长期的总需求结构、产品供给结构和资本积累结构。同样地，长期因素也将对短期经济循环造成影响。具体到我国的情况，长期以来我国在收入分配、营商环境、社保体系等方面存在结构性和长期性制约因素。这一方面影响了居民的消费意愿，不利于产品与服务市场的出清；另一方面，也影响了企业的生产性投资意愿，不利于供给较好地满足居民日益增长的美好生活需要。面对短期与长期、需求与供给相互影响的局面，主要着眼于对短期总需求进行逆周期调节的传统宏观调控思路难以应对。与传统的宏观调控理论不同，宏观政策“三策合一”将稳定政策、增长政策和结构政策三大类政策纳入统一框架。相比之下，宏观政策“三策合一”统筹考虑了短期总需求、长期供给能力和经济结构三大方面，能够为畅通国民经济循环提供更为有效的宏观调控思路。“三策合一”主张使用稳定政策调节短期总需求，使用增长政策提升长期增长动力，使用结构政策改善各类重要的经济结构，并且强调三大类政策之间的协调配合。因此，在宏观政策“三策合一”之下，经济短期与长期、需求与供给之间将能更好地协调联动，帮助国民经济循环得更为通畅。在此基础上，稳定政策的传导也将更为顺畅，传导效率将得到有效提升，实现宏观政策对实体经济的有效调控，为构建新发展格局提供有力支撑。具体到当前经济形势，为了更好地促进经济复苏和畅通国民经济循环构建新发展格局，宏观政策“三策合一”需要做好三方面工作：适度提高经济增速目标至略高于潜在增速的水平，以便实现更高水平供需平衡；货币政策和财政政策适度加大力度，为总需求提升和国内大循环提供持续动力；统筹使用结构政策和增长政策，从根本上打通国民经济循环当中的堵点和提高宏观调控效率，为新发展格局的构建提供切实保障。

Online Editor: Zhang Fujun

网络编辑：张福军