From Development Philosophy to Civilizational Form: The Terminological Evolution and Knowledge Production of Chinese-Path Modernization

Modernization is a worldwide historical process and a major trend in the development of human society. From the moment of its founding, the Communist Party of China has adhered to its original aspiration of seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation, taking the exploration of China’s modernization path as its historical mission. Thought is the guide to action; China’s modernization path cannot be separated from the guidance of a modernization development philosophy. From “two civilizations” [1]1 “Two civilizations” refers to material civilization and cultural-ethical progress (精神文明), a formulation that emerged in the early reform and opening up period. to the “Five-Sphere Integrated Plan,” from sustainable development to the new development philosophy, China’s modernization path has gradually taken on a quality with distinctive Chinese characteristics, embodying the organic integration of Marxism with China’s specific conditions and fine traditional culture, and opening up a new form of human civilization. At the same time, Chinese-path modernization, through its uniquely characteristic terminological expression and discourse system, supplies the world’s civilizational progress with a new mode of modernization knowledge production.

现代化是世界性的历史进程和人类社会发展的大趋势，中国共产党一经成立就坚守为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴的初心，把探索中国的现代化发展道路作为历史使命。思想是行动的先导，中国的现代化道路离不开现代化的发展理念引领。从两个文明到“五位一体”，从可持续发展到新发展理念，中国的现代化道路日渐形成了独具中国特色的品质，体现了马克思主义与中国国情、中华优秀传统文化的有机结合，开启了人类文明新形态。与此同时，中国式现代化以其独具特色的术语表达与话语体系为世界文明进步供给全新的现代化知识生产的方式。

Achieving modernization has been the unremitting pursuit of the Chinese nation since modern times; this is the theme of China’s exploration of the modernization path. “Summarizing and elaborating the theory of Chinese-path modernization is a major theoretical innovation of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the latest major achievement of scientific socialism.” [2]2 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at a study session on the spirit of the 20th National Congress, February 7, 2023. Once the category of Chinese-path modernization was formally proposed, it sparked widespread heated discussion in academic circles and yielded many excellent research results. On the basis of existing achievements, this article further deepens the intrinsic connection between the evolution of terminological concepts and the practice of Chinese-path modernization, exploring the discourse system, knowledge system, and communication system that Chinese-path modernization produces for the progress of world civilization in practice.

实现现代化是近代以来中华民族不懈的追求，这是中国探索现代化道路的主题。“概括提出并深入阐述中国式现代化理论，是党的二十大的一个重大理论创新，是科学社会主义的最新重大成果。”中国式现代化这一范畴一经正式提出，便引发学界的广泛热议，取得不少优秀的研究成果。本文在已有成果基础上，进一步深化术语演进理念与中国式现代化实践的内在关联，探讨中国式现代化在实践中为世界文明进步而生产的话语体系、知识体系和传播体系。

I. From “Two Civilizations” to the “Five-Sphere Integrated Plan” Overall Layout: The Terminological Evolution and Conceptual Transformation of China’s Modernization

一、从两个文明到“五位一体”总体布局：中国现代化术语演进与理念变革

Modernization is a stage-specific value orientation in the development and evolution of human society. The Western modernization process, having opened the people’s minds through the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, originated in Britain and swept through Europe and America with the Industrial Revolution, laying the foundation for productive forces and social material wealth, and was finally completed as European and American countries established modern state governance systems based on bourgeois constitutions. Although there is no unified indicator system, modernization places high demands on the level of productive forces and innovation capacity, the mode of economic development, the degree of civilization and harmony between people and society, the national institutional system and forms of international interaction, and the mode of social material wealth and its distribution. It was precisely in leading socialist revolution and construction that the Communist Party of China gradually clarified its understanding of the category of modernization, forming an increasingly complete judgment on the connotation, goals, stages, and paths of China’s modernization construction.

现代化是人类社会发展演进中的阶段性价值指向。西方的现代化进程经由文艺复兴和启蒙运动开启民智，发端于英国并席卷欧美的工业革命奠定生产力和社会物质财富基础，一直到欧美诸国依据资产阶级宪法而建立现代国家统治体系最终得以完成。尽管没有统一的指标体系，但现代化对生产力水平和创新能力、经济发展方式、人与社会的文明和谐程度、国家制度体系及国际交往形式、社会物质财富与占有方式等均提出了较高的要求。中国共产党正是在领导社会主义革命和建设中逐渐明晰了对现代化这一范畴的认识，对中国现代化建设的内涵、目标、阶段、路径等形成逐渐完善的判断。

1. The Ideological and Practical Foundation of the Terminological Evolution of Modernization

1.现代化术语演进的思想与实践基础

The evolution of terms and modes of thought is in fact also a process of deepening and clarifying their connotations. As a universally accepted conventional symbolic sign and a semantic collection of concepts, the term “modernization” and the ideas embedded within it are essentially a development philosophy. Engels pointed out: “The theoretical thought of each epoch, including that of our own epoch, is a historical product, which in different epochs takes on completely different forms and, at the same time, completely different content.” [3]3 Quotation from Friedrich Engels, *Dialectics of Nature*. The formation of the term and concept of modernization in the traditional sense has its objectivity; it conforms both to the level of productive forces and the height of understanding at a specific stage of economic development, and to the need to resolve the principal contradiction of society at that specific stage of economic development, but it is clearly unsustainable. It is precisely on the basis of a rational reflection on traditional development modes and development philosophies that the new development philosophy outlines the scientific path for the economic and social development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. The formation of the new development philosophy and the exploration of modernization are the result of rational reflection on and transformation of traditional development modes and development philosophies.

术语和思维理念的演变事实上也是其内涵深化与明晰的过程。作为被普遍接受的约定性符号象征和概念的语义集合，现代化术语及内蕴其中的理念实质上就是一种发展理念。恩格斯指出：“每一个时代的理论思维，包括我们这个时代的理论思维，都是一种历史的产物，它在不同的时代具有完全不同的形式，同时具有完全不同的内容。”传统意义上的现代化术语与理念的形成有其客观性，既符合特定经济发展阶段的生产力水平和认识高度，也符合特定经济发展阶段解决社会主要矛盾的需要，但明显不可持续。正是在对传统发展方式与发展理念的理性反思基础上，新发展理念勾勒出新时代中国特色社会主义经济社会发展的科学路径。新发展理念的形成与现代化的探索是对传统发展方式与发展理念的理性反思和变革的结果。

The great debate on the criterion of truth [4]4 The great debate on the criterion of truth (真理标准大讨论) was a nationwide ideological debate in 1978 over whether practice is the sole criterion for testing truth, which helped break the ideological dogmatism of the Cultural Revolution era. opened the curtain of ideological emancipation for contemporary China’s modernization path. Viewed from the perspective of knowledge production, the great debate on the criterion of truth was a new starting point where people consciously began to declare war on traditional ideological concepts and initiate ideological emancipation, thereby laying the foundation for reform and opening up to become the beginning of the liberation of productive forces. Ideological concepts are the most difficult fortress to conquer. Once formed, as normative value standards and value orientations that influence or even determine people’s behavioral choices, thoughts and values establish a series of internal rules, coalescing into relatively stable groups, organizations, and collectives of a certain scope or scale, constraining and prescribing their views on all matters, including the utilization of resources, technological innovation, the handling of the relationship between humans and nature, and the arrangement of institutions. At the same time, they generate powerful ideological and behavioral constraints within the groups, organizations, and collectives to which they belong, and these constraints have a lasting influence. Deng Xiaoping highly evaluated the discussion on the criterion of truth: “The current discussion on whether practice is the sole criterion for testing truth is in fact also a debate on whether to emancipate the mind… The debate on the criterion of truth is indeed a question of the ideological line, a political question, a question concerning the future and destiny of the Party and the state.” [5]5 Quotation from Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the closing session of the Central Work Conference, December 13, 1978. The great debate on the criterion of truth, as a nationwide, mass ideological emancipation movement, laid a profound ideological and mass foundation for the reform of the socialist market economy system.

真理标准大讨论，为当代中国的现代化道路开启了思想解放的帷幕。从知识生产的角度审视，真理标准大讨论是人们开始自觉地向传统思想观念进行宣战、开启思想解放的新起点，从而为改革开放成为生产力解放的肇端奠基。思想观念是最难攻克的堡垒，作为影响甚至决定人们行为选择的规范性价值标准和价值取向的思想和价值观念一旦形成，就会确立一系列的内在规则，聚合成一定范围或规模的较为稳定的集团、组织和群体，约束并规定其对一切事物的看法，包括对资源的利用、技术的革新、人与自然关系的处置和制度的安排，同时，在其所归属的集团、组织和群体中产生强大的思想和行为约束，这一约束具有持续的影响力。邓小平高度评价了真理标准问题的讨论：“目前进行的关于实践是检验真理的唯一标准问题的讨论，实际上也是要不要解放思想的争论……关于真理标准问题的争论，的确是个思想路线问题，是个政治问题，是个关系到党和国家的前途和命运的问题。”真理标准大讨论为全国、全民性的思想解放运动，为社会主义市场经济体制改革奠定了深刻的思想基础和群众基础。

The reform goal underwent a process of continuous adjustment and clarification, from “a planned economy as the mainstay, supplemented by market regulation” to “a planned commodity economy on the basis of public ownership,” and then to “a socialist market economy.” Similarly, from “Chinese-style four modernizations” [6]6 “Chinese-style four modernizations” (中国式的四个现代化) was a phrase used by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to describe China’s goal of modernizing agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology in a way suited to China’s conditions. to “Chinese-style modernization” and then to “Chinese-path modernization,” the deepening understanding and innovative thinking regarding China’s modernization path have followed the same pattern.

改革目标经历了一个从“计划经济为主、市场调节为辅”到“公有制基础上的有计划的商品经济”，再到“社会主义市场经济”这样一个不断调整和清晰的过程，正如从“中国式的四个现代化”到“中国式的现代化”再到“中国式现代化”，对中国的现代化道路的认识深化和思维创新亦是如此。

2. The Expansion of the Connotation and Deepening of the Terminology of Chinese-Path Modernization since Reform and Opening Up

2.改革开放以来中国式现代化内涵拓展与术语深化

The proposal of Chinese-path modernization is an innovative development of the connotation and standards of the earlier “four modernizations,” [7]7 The “four modernizations” (四个现代化) were the official national goals set in the 1960s and 1970s: modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology. based on our Party’s profound reflection on the experiences and lessons of socialist construction, proceeding from the specific realities of China’s basic national conditions and the changes unseen in a century in the world. This is manifested in significant progress in both theory and practice in areas such as the transformation of the economic development mode, the coordination of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, the coexistence of independence and self-reliance with reform and opening up, and the harmony between humans and nature.

中国式现代化的提出，是我们党基于对社会主义建设经验和教训的深刻反思、从中国基本国情及世界百年未有之大变局的具体实际出发，对早先“四个现代化”内涵和标准的创新发展，表现在经济发展方式的变革、物质文明与精神文明的协调、独立自主与改革开放的并立、人与自然的和谐等方面的理论与实践均取得了重大进展。

After the founding of New China, our Party regarded the coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress as an inherent part of the connotation of modernization. In the early period of reform and opening up, our Party established the strategic policy of “grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm”; [8]8 “Grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm” (两手抓、两手都要硬) was a policy slogan from the 1980s, originally referring to simultaneously developing material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, even greater emphasis has been placed on the coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. With the realization of the first centenary goal of comprehensively eradicating absolute poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, material civilization construction has achieved historic accomplishments, placing new demands on higher-quality, higher-level cultural-ethical progress. How to consistently adhere to the coordinated development and overall advancement of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, using the full development of material civilization to promote and drive cultural-ethical progress, using the high-level development of cultural-ethical progress to consolidate and guide material civilization construction, and promoting the comprehensive enrichment of things and the comprehensive development of people, is a major proposition urgently needing resolution in China’s exploration of the modernization path.

新中国成立后，我们党就把物质文明和精神文明协调发展作为现代化内涵的题中应有之义。改革开放初期，我们党确定了“两手抓、两手都要硬”战略方针；党的十八大以来，更是高度重视物质文明和精神文明的协调发展。随着全面脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的第一个百年奋斗目标的实现，物质文明建设取得了历史性成就，对更高质量、更高水平的精神文明建设提出了新的要求。如何始终坚持物质文明与精神文明的协调发展和整体推进，以物质文明的充分发展促进和带动精神文明建设，以精神文明的高度发展巩固和引领物质文明建设，促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展，是中国探索现代化道路的亟待解决的重大命题。

From the perspective of the developmental form of a modernized society, Chinese-path modernization carries the cognition and conception of an ideal society held by several generations of Chinese people. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC set the goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has expanded the connotation of modernization, from coordinating the construction of the two civilizations to comprehensively advancing the “Five-Sphere Integrated Plan” overall layout, proposing a series of innovative terms, theoretical systems, and practical measures to advance Chinese-path modernization, becoming the latest interpretation of Chinese-path modernization. The 20th National Congress of the CPC clarified that the Party’s “central task is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to build China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.” [9]9 Quotation from the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, October 16, 2022. This means that Chinese-path modernization has reached a new, higher starting point.

而从现代化社会的发展形态来看，中国式现代化承载了几代中国人关于理想社会的认知与构想。自从党的十八大提出了实现全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革开放的目标后，以习近平同志为核心的党中央拓展了现代化的内涵，从统筹两个文明建设到统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，提出了一系列推进中国式现代化的创新术语、理论体系和实践举措，成为中国式现代化的最新诠释。党的二十大明确党的“中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”。这意味着中国式现代化迎来一个新的更高的起点。

The path of modernization is the modernization under specific historical conditions, and it is also the modernization of specific nation-states; the path of modernization contains certain universally recognized components, and also shines with the historical and cultural brilliance of specific nation-states; the path of modernization combines the characteristics of long-term and tortuous nature, and also manifests as the integration of stage-based and gradual progress. “There is neither a single modernization model that is set in stone, nor a one-size-fits-all modernization standard,” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Commemorative Meeting Marking the Centenary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China” (July 1, 2021). and “Chinese-path modernization not only fits China’s actual conditions and embodies the laws of socialist construction, but also reflects the laws of human social development.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Seminar on the Study and Implementation of the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC” (February 7, 2023). The connotation of Chinese-path modernization continues to be enriched and expanded in the New Era, thereby endowing the understanding and grasp of Chinese-path modernization with a broader and deeper theoretical perspective.

现代化道路是具体历史条件下的现代化，也是具体民族国家的现代化；现代化道路包含普遍认同的某些成分，也闪耀着具体民族国家的历史文化光辉；现代化道路具有长期性与曲折性相结合的特性，也表现为阶段性与渐进性的融合。“世界上既不存在定于一尊的现代化模式，也不存在放之四海而皆准的现代化标准”，“中国式现代化既切合中国实际，体现了社会主义建设规律，也体现了人类社会发展规律”。中国式现代化的内涵在新时代继续丰富和拓展，由此对中国式现代化的理解与把握也具有了更宽广、更深邃的理论视野。

3. Mapping Out the Blueprint of Chinese-Path Modernization by Coordinating the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan

3.以统筹“五位一体”总体布局擘画中国式现代化蓝图

Both modernization and socialism signify the progress of human civilization. To a certain extent, the depiction of the modernization landscape can reflect the terminological expression and discourse system construction of Chinese-path modernization, thereby mobilizing and gathering social forces for modernization construction. Coordinating the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is a major step in promoting Chinese-path modernization construction in the New Era, and it is also a plan based on the systematic and holistic nature of modernization construction, thereby prompting concepts and ideas to gradually become clear, and tasks and measures to become increasingly complete. As China enters the stage of high-quality development, the principal contradiction in society has changed, and modernization construction relies more on overall planning and systematic reform, with its focus lying in removing deep-seated institutional and mechanistic barriers that hinder modernization construction.

现代化和社会主义都意味着人类文明的进步。对现代化图景的描绘在一定程度上可以体现出中国式现代化的术语表达和话语体系建构，从而动员和汇聚起现代化建设的社会力量。统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，是新时代推进中国式现代化建设的重大步骤，也是基于现代化建设的系统性、整体性的谋划，从而促使概念与思路逐渐清晰，任务与举措日益完善。随着我国迈入高质量发展阶段，社会主要矛盾发生变化，现代化建设更加依赖全局性筹划与体系化改革，其重心在于破除阻碍现代化建设的深层次体制机制障碍。

The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is a concise expression of the term Chinese-path modernization, which helps to grasp the essence and internal structure of Chinese-path modernization. The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is both construction and reform. Reform is the key to liberating and developing the productive forces, and also the fundamental driving force for promoting national development. Reform is embedded in construction, and construction is promoted through reform. Economic construction focuses on forming a unified national market through reform, expanding institutional opening up, activating new quality productive forces, optimizing the layout of major productive forces, and accelerating the construction of a modern economic system and an innovative country; political construction focuses on adhering to the organic unity of Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and law-based governance, developing whole-process people’s democracy through reform, and enhancing the level of national governance and the modernization of the national security system and capabilities; cultural construction focuses on “establishing and upholding the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain,” [12]12 Xi Jinping, “Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China” (October promoting the Two Integrations through reform, advancing the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, and enhancing national cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture; social construction focuses on improving the people’s livelihood-oriented distribution and other institutional systems through reform, enhancing the well-being of the people, perfecting the social governance system and social community based on joint contribution, joint governance, and shared benefits, and raising the level of social civility; ecological construction requires reforming the mode of economic development, strictly enforcing the ecological environmental protection system, building an environment-friendly society with lucid waters and lush mountains, and realizing a modernization in which humanity and nature coexist in harmony.

“五位一体”总体布局是中国式现代化这一术语的精炼表达，有助于把握中国式现代化的精髓和内在结构。“五位一体”总体布局既是建设，亦是改革。改革是解放和发展社会生产力的关键，也是推动国家发展的根本动力，寓改革于建设中，以改革促建设。经济建设重在通过改革形成全国统一大市场，扩大制度型开放，激活新质生产力，优化重大生产力布局，加快建设现代化经济体系和创新型国家；政治建设重在坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，通过改革发展全过程人民民主，提升国家治理水平、国家安全体系和能力现代化；文化建设重在“确立和坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度”，通过改革促进“两个结合”，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，提高国家文化软实力和中华文化影响力；社会建设重在通过改革完善民生导向的分配等制度体系，增进民生福祉，健全共建共治共享的社会治理制度和社会共同体，提高全社会文明程度；生态建设需要改革经济发展方式，严格生态环境保护制度，建设绿水青山的环境友好型社会，建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化。

The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan manifests as a semantic symbol of the Communist Party of China uniting and leading the people to advance modernization construction, which helps the people to comprehend, understand, support, and implement the Party’s policies and guidelines. As a discourse expression with political mobilization significance, the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan encompasses factors such as our Party’s great aspirations, the main content of Chinese-path modernization, concrete paths of practice, and ways to mobilize the people for active participation and feedback. It is more likely to resonate deeply with the masses, thereby converging into a positive force for Chinese-path modernization construction.

“五位一体”总体布局表现为中国共产党团结带领人民推进现代化建设的语义符号，有助于人民领悟、理解、拥护和践行党的政策方针。“五位一体”总体布局作为具有政治动员意义的话语表达，涵盖了我们党的伟大抱负、中国式现代化的主体内容、实践的具体路径、动员人民积极参与和回馈的方式等因素，更容易引起人民大众的深切共鸣，从而汇聚成中国式现代化建设的积极力量。

The Communist Party of China combines Marxism with China’s specific realities to explore the path of modernization. Under new historical conditions, it has not only formed a scientific system in which the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics are closely integrated and organically unified, but also formed an overall plan for the coordinated advancement and development of the “five civilizations.” [13]13 Xi Jinping, "On the New Development Philosophy," *Qiushi*, 2021, no. 16. This also means that our Party’s understanding of the goals, laws, and ideas of socialist modernization has become clearer and more definite.

中国共产党把马克思主义与中国具体实际相结合来探索现代化道路，在新的历史条件下，既形成了中国特色社会主义的道路、理论、制度、文化紧密结合和有机统一的科学体系，也形成了“五大文明”统筹推进、协调发展的总体布局。这也意味着我们党对社会主义现代化目标、规律与思路更加明确和清晰。

II. The Discourse System of Chinese-Path Modernization with the Characteristics of the New Era Based on the New Development Concepts

二、基于新发展理念的中国式现代化具有新时代特质的话语体系

Chinese-path modernization, as a modernization advanced in a specific temporal and spatial orientation, must be a modernization with the flavor of the times and national characteristics, and also a modernization where competition and coordination coexist, and originality and reference are equally valued. The characteristics of Chinese-path modernization can be interpreted and expressed from many perspectives. Examining it through the lens of the new development concepts enables a more objective and profound grasp of its connotation, characteristics, and path. This is because “entering the new development stage, implementing the new development concepts, and building the new development pattern are determined by the theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic of China’s economic and social development, and the three are closely linked. Entering the new development stage clarifies the historical orientation of China’s development, implementing the new development concepts clarifies the guiding principles for China’s modernization construction, and building the new development pattern clarifies the path choice for China’s economic modernization.” [14]14 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Symposium of Experts in Economic and Social Fields," 2020. The new development concepts are not only the key to understanding the connotation and characteristics of Chinese-path modernization, but also the guide to achieving the goals of Chinese-path modernization, and moreover, the spiritual force to accelerate the practice of Chinese-path modernization. They help to coordinate and promote a Chinese-path modernization of higher quality, greater efficiency, more fairness, and greater harmony. Fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development concepts in the process of Chinese-path modernization helps to deeply grasp the endogenous driving force of Chinese-path modernization and perfect the institutional system for the construction and development of Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化作为特定时空方位中推进的现代化，必定是有时代气息与民族特色的现代化，也必然是竞争与协调共生、独创与借鉴并重的现代化。中国式现代化的特质可以从诸多视角来诠释和表达，以新发展理念来审视，能够更客观深刻地把握其内涵、特质与进路，这是因为“进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，是由我国经济社会发展的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、现实逻辑决定的，三者紧密关联。进入新发展阶段明确了我国发展的历史方位，贯彻新发展理念明确了我国现代化建设的指导原则，构建新发展格局明确了我国经济现代化的路径选择”。新发展理念既是领悟中国式现代化内涵特质的密钥，也是实现中国式现代化目标的指南，更是加速推进中国式现代化实践的精神力量，有助于统筹推动更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更为和谐的中国式现代化。在中国式现代化进程中完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，有助于深刻把握中国式现代化的内生动力，完善中国式现代化建设发展的制度体系。

1. The Narrative Logic of the Essential Attributes of Chinese-Path Modernization

1.中国式现代化本质属性的叙事逻辑

Essential attributes are the most core factor in a terminological system, and the mode of expression adopted for terms usually indicates the value orientation of the subject. Chinese-path modernization is, first and foremost, the modernization of a socialist country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. This is the key factor distinguishing it from the path of Western-style modernization. The direct goal of Chinese-path modernization is to build China into a great modern socialist country. This goal is clear and firm. Therefore, the characteristics of a socialist country are naturally the essential attributes of Chinese-path modernization. This is also the narrative logic and mode of expression presupposed by our Party for the term Chinese-path modernization.

本质属性是术语体系中最核心的因素，对术语采用的表达方式通常意味着主体的价值取向。中国式现代化首先是中国共产党领导下的社会主义国家的现代化，这是区别于西方式现代化路径的关键因素。中国式现代化的直接目标在于建成社会主义现代化强国，这一目标清晰而又坚定，因此，社会主义国家的特质自然是中国式现代化的本质属性，这也是我们党对中国式现代化这一术语预设的叙事逻辑与表达方式。

First, the main force of Chinese-path modernization is the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people. The Communist Party of China, at the moment of the Chinese nation’s peril, embarked on the long journey of saving the nation from subjugation and seeking survival, and arduously exploring China’s modernization. “History has proven and will continue to prove that without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, national rejuvenation would be a utopian dream.” [15]15 The Two Centenary Goals: The first is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC (founded in 1921); the second is to build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the People's Republic of China (founded in 1949). The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the organization, mobilization, motivation, and guidance of the broad masses of the Chinese people under the guidance of Marxism. The people are the creators of history and the pillar for opening up and constructing the path of modernization. The path of Chinese-path modernization is the choice of the people. The Communist Party of China, guided by Marxism, is uniting and leading the Chinese people to comprehensively build a modern socialist country. This is the latest achievement of the international communist movement. This pioneering undertaking of the Party uniting and leading the people in great practice is the key to the success of Chinese-path modernization, and thus becomes the primary element in the narrative logic of Chinese-path modernization.

第一，中国式现代化的主体力量是中国共产党和中国人民。中国共产党于中华民族危难之际开启了救亡图存、艰难求索中国现代化的漫漫征程。“历史已经并将继续证明，没有中国共产党的领导，民族复兴必然是空想。”中国共产党的领导，是以马克思主义为指导对广大中国人民的组织、动员、激励和引领。人民是历史的创造者，是现代化道路开辟和建设的支柱。中国式现代化道路是人民的选择，以马克思主义为指导思想的中国共产党正团结带领中国人民全面建设社会主义现代化国家，这是国际共产主义运动的最新成就。党团结带领人民伟大实践的这一创举是中国式现代化取得成功的关键，因而成为中国式现代化叙事逻辑的首要元素。

Second, the core of Chinese-path modernization is to achieve common prosperity for all the people and the sharing of the fruits of social development with a people-centered approach. Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and the main characteristic of Chinese-path modernization. Continuously promoting common prosperity in the process of modernization profoundly embodies the socialist essential stipulations of Chinese-path modernization, deepening and expanding our Party’s understanding of the laws of socialist construction in both theory and practice. The path of Chinese-path modernization sublates the capital-centered logic of Western modernization, emphasizing that humanity is the subject of social practice and progress, adhering to a people-centered approach, and placing the promotion of people’s all-round development at the core of development. The socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China has always “sought happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation; this is both the starting point and the落脚点 [13]13 Xi Jinping, "On the New Development Philosophy," *Qiushi*, 2021, no. 16. of our Party’s leadership in modernization and the ‘root’ and ‘soul’ of the new development concept. Only by adhering to the people-centered development thought, insisting on development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, can there be a correct outlook on development and modernization.” [14]14 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Symposium of Experts in Economic and Social Fields," 2020. Building modernization with a people-centered approach conveys the value symbol of this new form of human civilization, namely that the core of Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of people in all-round development.

第二，中国式现代化的内核是以人民为中心实现全体人民共同富裕和社会发展成果共享。共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求，是中国式现代化的主要特征。在现代化进程中不断促进共同富裕，深刻体现了中国式现代化的社会主义本质规定性，在理论和实践上深化并拓展了我们党对于社会主义建设规律的认识。中国式现代化道路扬弃了以资本为中心的西方现代化逻辑，强调人是社会实践和进步的主体，坚持以人民为中心，把推动人的全面发展置于发展的核心地位。中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化建设，始终“为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴，这既是我们党领导现代化建设的出发点和落脚点，也是新发展理念的‘根’和‘魂’。只有坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，才会有正确的发展观、现代化观”。以人民为中心建设现代化，传递了中国式现代化的内核是全面发展的人的现代化这一人类文明新形态的价值符号。

Third, the explicit characteristic of Chinese-path modernization is peace, openness, co-construction, and sharing. Chinese-path modernization is a path of modernization characterized by independence, self-reliance, innovation, creation, co-construction, and sharing, transcending the predatory development model of Western countries since the Industrial Revolution, which involved global resource plunder and global commodity dumping. The Western development model has formed a “center-periphery” unbalanced structure globally, with Western countries as the axis and vast developing countries as the wheels. Western countries firmly hold the dominant power over world historical development, while vast developing countries fall into a dependent position, even losing their national independence. This is also the beginning of an unjust international order. Xi Jinping proposed: “Each civilization has its unique charm and profound heritage, and all are spiritual treasures of humanity. Different civilizations should learn from each other’s strengths, make common progress, and let exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations become the driving force for the progress of human society and the bond for maintaining world peace.” [15]15 The Two Centenary Goals: The first is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC (founded in 1921); the second is to build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the People's Republic of China (founded in 1949). The Chinese solution is “to build a community with a shared future for mankind and achieve win-win cooperation and shared benefits.” [16]16 “End of history” refers to Francis Fukuyama’s 1989 thesis that liberal democracy represents the endpoint of humanity’s sociocultural evolution and the final form of human government. Peace, development, cooperation, and win-win outcomes are the main tone upheld by Chinese-path modernization. Despite various twists and turns and increasing global risks and challenges, China has always provided international public goods at a high standard as a responsible major developing country, actively participating in the reform and construction of the global governance system. This characteristic of peace, openness, co-construction, and sharing enables Chinese-path modernization not only to break the historically closed, low-level cycle but also to open up an advanced path that is inclusive, draws on diverse strengths, and keeps pace with the times, making Chinese-path modernization a new paradigm in the approach to modernization.

第三，中国式现代化的显性特质是和平开放、共建共享。中国式现代化是独立自主、创新创造、共建共享的现代化道路，超越了西方国家自工业革命以来全球攫取资源、全球倾销商品的掠夺性发展模式。西方发展模式使全球形成了以西方国家为轴、广大发展中国家为轮的“中心-外围”非均衡结构，西方国家牢牢把持着世界历史发展的主导权，而广大的发展中国家则陷入依附地位，甚至丧失了国家的独立性。这也是不正当国际秩序的开端。习近平提出：“每种文明都有其独特魅力和深厚底蕴，都是人类的精神瑰宝。不同文明要取长补短、共同进步，让文明交流互鉴成为推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带”，中国方案是“构建人类命运共同体，实现共赢共享”。和平、发展、合作、共赢是中国式现代化所秉持的主基调。尽管出现各种曲折，全球性风险挑战日益增多，但中国始终以负责任的发展中大国身份高规格地提供国际公共产品，积极参与全球治理体系的改革和建设。这种和平开放、共建共享的特质，使得中国式现代化不仅打破了历史上封闭的、低水平循环，而且开辟了一条兼收并蓄、博采众长、与时俱进的先进路线，这使得中国式现代化成为现代化进路的一种新范式。

2. The Discourse Expression of the New Era Attributes of Chinese-Path Modernization

2.中国式现代化新时代属性的话语表达

There is no unified model of modernization or constant quantitative indicators of modernization standards in the world; Chinese-path modernization must be a socialist modernization based on national conditions. Once China as a whole enters a modern society, it will completely rewrite the world pattern of “the East being subordinate to the West” and the world map of human social modernization. Chinese-path modernization is a high-level summary and systematic synthesis of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Chinese-path modernization contains the essence of the new development concept, responds to many challenges and problems in the development of human society and the process of world modernization, and exhibits distinct attributes of the New Era.

世界上不存在统一的现代化模式或数量指标恒定的现代化标准，中国式现代化必然是基于国情的社会主义现代化。一旦中国整体迈入现代化社会，将彻底改写“东方从属于西方”的世界格局和人类社会现代化的世界版图。中国式现代化是对中国特色社会主义道路的高度概括和系统总结，中国式现代化蕴含着新发展理念的精髓，回应了人类社会发展和世界现代化进程中的诸多挑战和难题，展现出鲜明的新时代属性。

First, entering a new stage of development is a prerequisite for embarking on the new journey of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era. The new stage of development means that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, with major changes in the international economic and political order; it also means that China’s modernization construction has achieved unprecedented progress, with

其一，进入新发展阶段是新时代开启中国式现代化新征程的前置条件。新发展阶段意味着世界进入一个新的动荡变革期，国际经济政治秩序出现重大变化；也意味着中国的现代化建设事业已经取得前所未有的进步，中国的发展战略、视野格局、主要社会矛盾等出现重大变化；更意味着在世界历史进程中，中国的现代化进程所处的方位出现重大变化，中国故事的叙事方式、中国方案和中国倡议的国际影响力日益提升。在新发展阶段，“我们党对建设社会主义现代化国家在认识上不断深入、在战略上不断成熟、在实践上不断丰富，加速了我国现代化发展进程，为新发展阶段全面建设社会主义现代化国家奠定了实践基础、理论基础、制度基础”。全面推进建设具有中国特色、符合中国实际的现代化并全面建成社会主义现代化强国，是作为叙事逻辑的新起点而置入中国式现代化的话语体系中的。

Second, implementing the new development philosophy is an important practical orientation of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era. The new development philosophy is a profound ideological transformation concerning the overall situation of development. "Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have put forward many major theories and concepts regarding economic and social development, among which the new development philosophy is the most important and primary. The new development philosophy is a systematic theoretical system that answers a series of theoretical and practical questions concerning the purpose, driving force, mode, and path of development, and clarifies our Party's political stance, value orientation, development model, development path, and other major political issues regarding development." [13]13 Xi Jinping, "On the New Development Philosophy," *Qiushi*, 2021, no. 16. China's modernization drive has already stood at a new historical starting point; therefore, it is necessary to base itself on the new requirements of the new stage of development and implement the new development philosophy more precisely. Chinese-path modernization is people-centered, respects the people's creativity and innovative spirit, coordinates and resolves the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, and ensures that the people share in the fruits of development; it establishes a green and sustainable relationship of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, and promotes high-quality development; it pursues a mutually beneficial and win-win opening-up strategy and builds an open world economy. The progressively advancing modernization practice has become the best annotation for the new development philosophy.

其二，贯彻新发展理念是新时代中国式现代化的重要实践指向。新发展理念是关系发展全局的一场深刻的思想变革。“党的十八大以来我们对经济社会发展提出了许多重大理论和理念，其中新发展理念是最重要、最主要的。新发展理念是一个系统的理论体系，回答了关于发展的目的、动力、方式、路径等一系列理论和实践问题，阐明了我们党关于发展的政治立场、价值导向、发展模式、发展道路等重大政治问题。”中国的现代化建设已经站在新的历史起点上，因而需要立足于新发展阶段的新要求，更加精准地贯彻新发展理念。中国式现代化以人民为中心，尊重人民的创造创新精神，协调并解决发展不平衡不充分的问题，保障人民共享发展成果；建立绿色可持续的人与自然的和谐共生关系，推动高质量发展；奉行互利共赢的开放战略，建设开放型世界经济。日渐推进的现代化实践成为新发展理念最好的注解。

Third, fostering a new pattern of development is the phased goal of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era. As the international and domestic environments have undergone major changes, China's economic development has entered a new normal. Under the guidance of the new development philosophy, our Party has proposed fostering a new pattern of development with the smooth flow of the national economic cycle as the main focus. Accelerating the establishment of a new pattern of development with the domestic cycle as the mainstay and the domestic and international cycles reinforcing each other, "this new pattern of development is proposed based on changes in our country's development stage, environment, and conditions, and is a strategic choice to reshape our country's new advantages in international cooperation and competition." [14]14 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Symposium of Experts in Economic and Social Fields," 2020. Fostering a new pattern of development and implementing high-level opening up require, on the one hand, building "a strong domestic economic circulation system and a stable foundation, thereby forming a strong attraction for global factors and resources, a strong competitiveness in fierce international competition, and a strong driving force in global resource allocation"; on the other hand, avoiding the situation where the two cycles are each closed off or separated, leading to difficulties in improving the quality of the domestic cycle and the inability of the external cycle to supply energy to the domestic cycle. Within the holistic discourse system of Chinese-path modernization, fostering a new pattern of development is the main channel for a specific stage of development and also the phased foundation for the grand goal of Chinese-path modernization.

其三，构建新发展格局是新时代中国式现代化的阶段性目标。随着国际国内环境发生重大变化，中国经济发展进入新常态，在新发展理念引领下，我们党提出以畅通国民经济循环为主构建新发展格局。加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，“这个新发展格局是根据我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化提出来的，是重塑我国国际合作和竞争新优势的战略抉择”。构建新发展格局，实行高水平对外开放，一方面需要建设“强大的国内经济循环体系和稳固的基本盘，并以此形成对全球要素资源的强大吸引力、在激烈国际竞争中的强大竞争力、在全球资源配置中的强大推动力”；另一方面，避免出现两个循环各自封闭或割裂，进而内循环质量提升艰难、外循环无法为内循环输送能量的情形。在中国式现代化整体性的话语体系中，构建新发展格局是特定发展阶段的主要渠道，也是中国式现代化宏伟目标的阶段性基础。

Fourth, the pursuit of innovation and creation and the full liberation of new quality productive forces constitute the primary driving force of Chinese-path modernization. Our Party adheres to emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, advancing thinking innovation, theoretical innovation, and institutional and mechanism innovation, thereby greatly enriching and developing the theoretical system and policy system of Chinese-path modernization. Since reform and opening up, China has initiated and developed the socialist market economy system, emphasizing the decisive role of the market in resource allocation while better leveraging the role of the government, and committing to enhancing the level of modernization of national governance, achieving a leap in comprehensive national strength. Chinese-path modernization stresses that science and technology constitute the primary productive force and that innovation is the primary driving force for development; it develops new quality productive forces and drives high-quality development through innovation. With the rapid development of digital technology, digitalization, data, computing power, and algorithms have become key production factors, with their penetration and embedding into economic development deepening day by day. The core of new quality productive forces is algorithmic productive forces, thereby forming new production capacities, manufacturing service capabilities, and new-quality and new-domain digital business forms. Promoting industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation is a universal law of modernization paths; developing new quality productive forces, and thereby promoting the formation of new production methods, is the discursive expression of the innovative elements of Chinese-path modernization. This holds extremely significant value for producing autonomous knowledge, shaping an innovation culture, cultivating an innovative personality, and promoting innovative characteristics.

其四，追求创新创造、充分解放新质生产力是中国式现代化的首要动能。我们党坚持解放思想、实事求是，推进思维创新、理论创新、体制机制创新，极大丰富和发展了中国式现代化理论体系和政策体系。改革开放以来，中国开创并发展了社会主义市场经济体制，注重发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，致力于提升国家治理现代化水平，实现了综合国力的飞跃式提升；中国式现代化强调科学技术是第一生产力、创新是引领发展的第一动力，发展新质生产力，以创新驱动高质量发展。随着数字技术的飞速发展，数字、数据、算力、算法成为关键性生产要素，对经济发展的渗透与嵌入日益深化。新质生产力的核心是算法生产力，由此形成新的生产能力、制造业服务能力和新质新域数字业态。以科技创新推进产业创新是现代化道路的普遍规律，发展新质生产力，进而推动形成新型生产方式，则是中国式现代化创新元素的话语表达，这对于生产自主知识、塑造创新文化、培养创新人格、弘扬创新特质具有极其重大的价值。

Fifth, comprehensive coordination is the foundation for the efficient and smooth advancement of Chinese-path modernization. The harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature, the mutual promotion of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, the integrated advancement of innovation and development, and the interconnection between domestic circulation and international circulation constitute important content of the dynamic equilibrium system of Chinese-path modernization. Overall planning and coordinated linkage, promoting the mutual complementarity and smooth operation of various system elements, constitute an important methodological foundation for the path of Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization emphasizes the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan, extending material civilization and cultural-ethical progress to five major civilizational forms, and particularly stresses the coordinated development of these five civilizations, reflecting the knowledge pedigree and spiritual essence of the new development concept.

其五，全面协调是中国式现代化高效顺畅推进的基础。人与自然和谐共生、物质文明和精神文明相互促进、创新与发展一体推进、国内大循环与国际大循环互通互连，构成中国式现代化这一动态均衡体系的重要内容；统筹兼顾、协调联动，推动各系统要素相辅相成并顺畅运行，构成中国式现代化进路的重要方法论基础。中国式现代化注重“五位一体”，将物质文明与精神文明拓展至五大文明形态，特别强调五大文明的协调发展，体现了新发展理念的知识谱系与精神实质。

3. Interpreting the New Development Concept through Chinese-Path Modernization

3.以中国式现代化诠释新发展理念

Marx once said: "Problems are the public, fearless, and all-dominating voice of the times. Problems are the slogans of the times, the most practical call expressing its spiritual state." The problem-oriented nature of the new development concept means that the development concept originates from the practice of Chinese-path modernization; it is a systematic theoretical summary of the laws and mechanisms of living practice, grasping the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction. The gradual advancement of Chinese-path modernization is also the glorious course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

马克思曾言：“问题就是公开的、无畏的、左右一切个人的时代声音。问题就是时代的口号，是它表现自己精神状态的最实际的呼声。”新发展理念的问题导向，意味着发展理念来源于中国式现代化实践，是对鲜活实践的规律和机制的体系化的理论总结，抓住了主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面。中国式现代化逐步推进的过程，也是中华民族伟大复兴的光辉历程。

First, Chinese-path modernization creatively solves the problem of China's choice of a modernization path in modern times. The Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people in arduous exploration and unremitting struggle around the questions of what modernization is and how to build it. The promotion of the synchronous development of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization proposed since the 18th National Congress of the CPC is a major innovation in modernization theory. The development concept is the guide for development action. Different from the Western modernization path of sequentially realizing industrialization and urbanization, China's modernization process involves the overlapping and simultaneous advancement of industrialization, informatization, and urbanization, facing multiple superimposed difficulties and challenges. This means the need for overall planning and simultaneous promotion of national economic and social development, the advancement of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, the promotion of changes in development mode and ecological governance, the advancement of reform and innovation, and the adherence to high-level opening up. These constitute the main line of Chinese-path modernization, and the new development concept is precisely the systematic thinking and innovative concept leading the realization of the Two Centenary Goals [15]15 The Two Centenary Goals: The first is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC (founded in 1921); the second is to build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the centenary of the People's Republic of China (founded in 1949)., marking that our Party's understanding of the development stages and development laws of the economy and society has reached a new height.

第一，中国式现代化创造性地解决了近代以来中国选择现代化道路的难题。中国共产党带领中国人民围绕什么是现代化、怎样建设现代化进行了艰辛探索和不懈奋斗。党的十八大以来提出的推动新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展，是对现代化理论的一个重大创新。发展理念是发展行动的先导，区别于西方依次实现工业化、城镇化的现代化路径，中国的现代化进程与工业化、信息化、城镇化是叠加并进的，面临多重叠加的困难挑战，这意味着需要统筹兼顾并同步推进国民经济与社会发展，推进物质文明与精神文明建设、促进发展方式变革与生态治理、推进改革创新与坚持高水平对外开放，这构成了中国式现代化的主线，而新发展理念正是引领实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的系统思维和创新理念，标志着我们党对经济社会的发展阶段和发展规律的认识达到了新的高度。

Second, Chinese-path modernization is the great practice of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is contemporary Chinese Marxism, Marxism of the 21st century, and the essence of the times of Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit, achieving a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context." The development concept is a sublimation of practice; the construction practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics has provided valuable material for the generation of the new development concept. Since reform and opening up, the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics has gradually expanded from the economic field to comprehensive reforms and innovations in politics, society, culture, ecological civilization, etc., achieving overall coordinated development. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, formed and sublimated in practice, is also the scientific guide for promoting the continuous advancement of the Party and the country's cause in the New Era, and Chinese-path modernization is the concrete practice of this ideological system.

第二，中国式现代化是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的伟大实践。“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，是中华文化和中国精神的时代精华，实现了马克思主义中国化新的飞跃。”发展理念是对实践的升华，中国特色社会主义建设实践为新发展理念的生成提供了宝贵的素材。改革开放以来，中国特色社会主义建设逐渐从经济领域拓展至政治、社会、文化、生态文明等全方位的改革与创新，实现了统筹协调发展。在实践中形成和升华的习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想又是新时代推动党和国家事业不断前进的科学指南，中国式现代化就是这一思想体系的具体实践。

Third, Chinese-path modernization manifests the rich connotation and scientific system of the new development concept. The gestation, formation, and proposal of the development concept have their historical inevitability and logical necessity. This is both a need of the practical development of Chinese-path modernization and a need for the further innovative development of the Party's innovative theory. The formation of the new development concept has a strong problem-oriented and knowledge-production orientation, that is, focusing on the historical orientation of the New Era and the direction of modernization, the reality of the transformation of the principal social contradiction, the trend of the transformation of the economic development mode, the construction of a new form of human civilization, and the production and condensation of the knowledge pedigree of modernization. The new development concept is not only a summary and sublimation of the practical experience and lessons of building socialism with Chinese characteristics but also a scientific grasp of the laws of theoretical innovation, and moreover, an original contribution to the world civilizational landscape and the autonomous knowledge system with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, it has distinct theoretical innovation and practical guidance for solving new problems in the development of the New Era. The new development concept enriches and develops the theory of socialist modernization, injecting innovative thinking momentum and practical direction into Chinese-path modernization; the continuous advancement of Chinese-path modernization confirms the scientific nature of the new development concept, demonstrating its strong vitality and vigor.

第三，中国式现代化彰显了新发展理念的丰富内涵与科学体系。发展理念的孕育、形成与提出，有其历史必然性和逻辑应然性。这既是中国式现代化实践发展的需要，也是党的创新理论进一步创新发展的需要。新发展理念的形成，具有强烈的问题导向和知识生产指向，即着眼于新时代历史方位和现代化建设的方向、社会基本矛盾转变的现实、经济发展方式转型的趋势、人类文明新形态的建构、现代化知识谱系的生产和凝练。新发展理念既是对中国特色社会主义建设实践经验教训的总结升华，也是对理论创新规律的科学把握，更是对世界文明图景和具有中国特色的自主知识体系的原创性贡献，因此对于破解新时代发展的新问题具有鲜明的理论创新性和实践指导性。新发展理念丰富和发展了社会主义现代化理论，为中国式现代化注入了思维的创新动能和实践方向；中国式现代化的持续推进印证了新发展理念的科学性，展示了其强大生机和活力。

III. Knowledge Production and the Autonomous Knowledge System of Chinese-Path Modernization

三、中国式现代化的知识生产与自主知识体系

Modernization is an important marker of the development of human society and the progress of civilization. At the ceremony marking the centenary of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping solemnly declared: "We uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, promote the coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization, cultural-ethical progress, social civilization, and ecological civilization, creating a new path of Chinese-path modernization and creating a new form of human civilization." Practicing the new development concept through Chinese-path modernization and promoting the new development of civilizational forms is the practical orientation of our Party uniting and leading the Chinese people to open up a new realm of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Chinese-path modernization, with its distinctive features and unique advantages, has pioneered a new path of modernization different from Western capitalist countries, proposing a completely new Chinese discourse system and knowledge system for modernization. In the grand vision of world history, Chinese-path modernization is not only China's path to modernization but also an important development thread and component of world civilizational history. The new civilizational form formed by Chinese-path modernization expands the broad space for the development and progress of human civilization. The autonomous knowledge system generated in the practice of Chinese-path modernization expands the paradigm of world modernization paths and expands the space for international dissemination of new civilizational forms.

现代化是人类社会发展和文明进步的重要标志。在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上，习近平庄严宣告：“我们坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，推动物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明协调发展，创造了中国式现代化新道路，创造了人类文明新形态。”以中国式现代化实践新发展理念，推进文明形态的新发展，是我们党团结带领中国人民开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界的现实指向。中国式现代化以鲜明特征和独特优势开创了不同于西方资本主义国家的现代化新路径，提出了全新的现代化的中国话语体系和知识体系。在世界历史大视野中，中国式现代化不仅是现代化的中国道路，更是世界文明史的重要发展脉络和组成部分。中国式现代化所形成的全新文明形态拓展了人类文明发展进步的广阔空间，在中国式现代化实践中生成的自主知识体系拓展了世界现代化道路的范式，拓展了新型文明形态的国际传播空间。

1. The Path of Chinese-Path Modernization Aligns with the Laws of Human Social Development for Mutual Benefit and Win-Win Outcomes

1.中国式现代化道路契合了共建共赢的人类社会发展规律

Our Party's systematic understanding, overall planning, and coordinated implementation of building a modern socialist country are becoming increasingly perfect, laying the ideological foundation, theoretical foundation, and institutional foundation for comprehensively building a modern socialist country in the New Era. The Communist Party of China unites and leads the Chinese people to deeply advance Chinese-path modernization, contributing new ideas, new plans, and new wisdom to humanity's exploration of modernization paths.

我们党对建设社会主义现代化国家的系统性认识、全局性规划与协调性施行日臻完善，为新时代全面建设社会主义现代化国家奠定了思想基础、理论基础和制度基础。中国共产党团结带领中国人民深入推进中国式现代化，为人类社会对现代化道路的探索贡献了新思路、新方案和新智慧。

First, Chinese-path modernization is the Chinese path interpretation of the world modernization process. China’s modernization journey began and took its first steps within an international order dominated by Western developed capitalist countries. Chinese-path modernization “has solved many of the problems facing human social development, abandoned the Western modernization path centered on capital, polarized modernization, materialistically inflated modernization, and externally expansionist and predatory modernization, and expanded the pathways for developing countries to achieve modernization, providing a Chinese solution for humanity’s exploration of a better social system.” “Chinese-path modernization is a relay-like historical process of continuous progress”; not only is it itself a continuation of the world modernization wave, but it also endows the world modernization process with new connotations, answering major epochal questions such as the pursuit of a happy and beautiful life, social harmony and vitality, and orderly and well-governed national development in a developing country with a huge population. Under the complex situation of major changes in the global economic and political landscape and the superposition of multiple uncertainties caused by traditional and non-traditional security factors at home and abroad, the success of Chinese-path modernization has broken the myth of “Western-centrism” and the prophecy of the “end of history,”[16]16 “End of history” refers to Francis Fukuyama’s 1989 thesis that liberal democracy represents the endpoint of humanity’s sociocultural evolution and the final form of human government. fully proving that the Western modernization path is merely one replaceable option for humanity to achieve modernization.

第一，中国式现代化是世界现代化进程的中国道路诠释。中国的现代化征程，是在西方发达资本主义国家主导的国际秩序之中开启和起步的。中国式现代化“破解了人类社会发展的诸多难题，摒弃了西方以资本为中心的现代化、两极分化的现代化、物质主义膨胀的现代化、对外扩张掠夺的现代化老路，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，为人类对更好社会制度的探索提供了中国方案”。“中国式现代化是一个接力奋进的历史进程”，不仅自身是世界现代化浪潮的延续，而且赋予世界现代化进程以新的内涵，回答了人口规模巨大的发展中国家追求生活美好幸福、社会和谐生机、国家有序大治等重大时代课题。在全球经济政治大格局出现巨大变化、国际国内传统与非传统安全因素引发的多重不确定性叠加的复杂形势下，中国式现代化的成功打破了“西方中心说”的神话和“历史终结论”预言，充分证实了西方现代化道路仅仅是人类通向现代化的一种可以被替代的选项。

Second, Chinese-path modernization is an advanced solution that conforms to the overall situation of the times and the development trend of human society. With the emergence of changes unseen in a century in the world, the historical orientation and conditions of the Chinese-path modernization path have undergone tremendous changes. The value orientation and path means of Western-style modernization have become unsustainable and are unable to answer the questions of the world and the times. “The historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit is unstoppable,” and people of all countries universally aspire to build a world of “lasting peace,” “universal security,” “common prosperity,” “openness and inclusiveness,” and “cleanliness and beauty.” Chinese-path modernization is the result of a scientific reflection on and transformation of Western development modes and concepts. Since the Industrial Revolution first began in Britain in the 18th century, Western countries have successively completed two industrial revolutions and achieved industrialization under the dominance of the logic of capital. “The bourgeoisie, during its rule of scarce one hundred years, has created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding generations together.”[17]17 This is a quotation from Marx and Engels, *The Communist Manifesto* (1848). The profit-seeking nature and global expansion of capital, at the level of social relations, have both created an opposition between capital and labor, forming significant class differentiation and even antagonism, and established a Western hegemonic system, forming a “center-periphery” split structure, making the East subordinate to the West, and creating an unjust global economic and political order. At the level of the relationship between humans and nature, this has led to severe resource consumption and ecological crises. The classic report of the Club of Rome, *The Limits to Growth*, long ago sounded the alarm for the Western modernization development model. Engels once said: “Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us.”[18]18 This is a quotation from Engels, *The Dialectics of Nature* (1883). It can be seen that, whether at the level of social relations or the relationship between humans and nature, the Western modernization model has encountered insurmountable major crises. Western development concepts and modernization models cannot effectively explain the great practice of Chinese-path modernization and the profound changes that have taken place in the economy and society. Chinese-path modernization is a practical interpretation of the new development concept. The Chinese-path modernization path has distinct characteristics of the times and Chinese features; it not only conforms to China’s actual conditions and reflects the laws of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also keeps pace with the trends of the times and reflects the laws of world modernization and the laws of human social development.

第二，中国式现代化是符合时代大局和人类社会发展趋势的先进方案。随着世界百年未有之大变局的出现，中国式现代化道路面临的时代方位和历史条件发生了巨大变化，西方式现代化的价值取向、路径手段已不可持续，难以回答世界之问、时代之问。“和平、发展、合作、共赢的历史潮流不可阻挡”，各国人民普遍向往建设一个“持久和平”“普遍安全”“共同繁荣”“开放包容”“清洁美丽”的世界。中国式现代化是对西方发展方式与发展理念的科学反思和变革的结果。自18世纪工业革命率先在英国发端以来，西方国家陆续完成了两次工业革命，在资本逻辑的主导下实现了工业化，“资产阶级在它的不到一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，还要大”。资本的逐利性和全球扩张，在社会关系层面，既造成资本与劳动的对立，形成显著的阶级分化甚至对抗；又建立西方霸权体系，形成“中心-边缘”的分裂结构，使东方从属于西方，形成不公正的全球经济政治秩序。在人与自然关系层面，导致严重的资源消耗和生态危机，罗马俱乐部的经典报告《增长的极限》早已给西方现代化发展模式敲响了警钟。恩格斯说过：“我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都对我们进行报复。”可见，无论是在社会关系层面，还是在人与自然关系层面，西方现代化模式均遭遇无法克服的重大危机。西方发展理念和现代化模式无法有效解释中国式现代化伟大实践和经济社会所发生的深刻变革。中国式现代化是对新发展理念的实践诠释，中国式现代化道路具有鲜明的时代特征和中国特色，既符合中国实际、体现中国特色社会主义建设规律，又紧跟时代潮流、体现世界现代化规律和人类社会发展规律。

Third, Chinese-path modernization provides a cooperative and shared paradigm for developing countries to explore their own modernization paths. History and practice have proven and will continue to prove that the Communist Party of China has led the people to successfully embark on the Chinese-path modernization path, created a new form of human civilization, expanded the pathways for developing countries to achieve modernization, and provided a completely new choice for those countries and nations that both wish to achieve modernization and maintain their own independence. On the path of humanity’s pursuit of happiness, all countries and all nations in the world should enjoy equal development opportunities and rights. China advocates working with all countries to “jointly steer economic globalization towards greater openness, inclusiveness, balance, and win-win outcomes. We are willing to strengthen high-quality Belt and Road cooperation with the international community, jointly increase global connectivity, and enable more countries and more people to share the fruits of development.” China will strive to reduce global development inequality and imbalance, “bringing new opportunities to the world through China’s new development, and contributing wisdom and strength to world peace and development and the progress of human civilization.” The successful practice of Chinese-path modernization has not only solved the problem of eradicating poverty in a country with a huge population, but has also deeply participated in the global production system, providing a large number of high-quality products and services to countries around the world through developed industrial and supply chains; moreover, the concepts, experience, and solutions of Chinese-path modernization have become an important reference for the vast number of developing countries in their pursuit of their own modernization processes.

第三，中国式现代化为发展中国家探索现代化道路提供合作共享的范式。历史和实践已经证明并将继续证明，中国共产党领导人民成功走出中国式现代化道路，创造了人类文明新形态，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的路径，给世界上那些既希望实现现代化又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择。在人类追求幸福的道路上，世界上所有国家、所有民族都应该享有平等的发展机会和权利。中国倡导同世界各国“共同引导经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。我们愿同国际社会加强高质量共建‘一带一路’合作，共同为促进全球互联互通做增量，让更多国家、更多民众共享发展成果”。中国将致力于减少全球发展不平等、不平衡问题，“以中国新发展给世界带来新机遇，为世界和平与发展和人类文明进步贡献智慧和力量”。中国式现代化的成功实践不仅实现了人口规模巨大的国家消除贫困的难题，而且深度参与全球生产体系，以发达的产业链和供应链为世界各国提供大量优质的产品和服务；不仅如此，中国式现代化的理念、经验、方案，还成为广大发展中国家在追求自身现代化进程中的重要借鉴。

2. Chinese-Path Modernization Enriches the Chinese Knowledge System of World Modernization

2.中国式现代化丰富了世界现代化的中国知识体系

Adhering to independence and self-reliance is one of the experiences of the success of the Chinese-path modernization path. In studying the social structure, development path, and laws of the East, Marx drew the important conclusion that Eastern societies could achieve a development path different from that of Western societies, and put forward the important theory of crossing the “Caudine Forks”[19]19 “Caudine Forks” refers to Marx’s concept of a society bypassing the capitalist stage of development, drawn from the ancient Roman defeat at the Caudine Forks, used as a metaphor for a shortcut or alternative path. of capitalism, providing an important theoretical basis for Eastern countries to shake off their backwardness. The modernization process of countries around the world has obvious stages, and the summary and refinement of the concept of modernization are closely related to the practice of human society at different stages of development. When the development of world history enters a new historical orientation, new modernization research paradigms and knowledge systems are needed for explanation. Direction determines the path, and the path determines destiny. The Chinese-path modernization path has broken the singularity of Western capitalist modernization, achieving innovation and breakthroughs in theoretical vision, theoretical system, and methodology.

坚持独立自主、自力更生是中国式现代化道路取得成功的经验之一。马克思在研究东方社会结构、发展道路和规律时，得出了东方社会可以实现不同于西方社会发展道路的重要结论，提出了跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”的重要理论，为东方国家摆脱落后局面提供了重要的理论依据。世界各国的现代化进程具有明显的阶段性，对现代化理念的总结提炼与人类社会在不同发展阶段的实践密切相关。当世界历史的发展进入新的时代方位后，需要有新的现代化研究范式和知识体系予以阐释。方向决定道路，道路决定命运，中国式现代化道路打破了西方资本主义现代化的唯一性，在理论视野、理论体系和方法论上实现了创新和突破。

First, Chinese-path modernization has generated a discourse system that fits the national conditions and Chinese characteristics of the New Era. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have completed the industrialization process that took developed countries several hundred years in just a few decades, creating a development miracle that has attracted worldwide attention. The unique key to this success, which is both rooted in China and oriented towards the world, is to adhere to the guidance of Marxism and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, to adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, to adhere to a people-centered approach, to strive to achieve common prosperity for all people and promote the comprehensive development of individuals, and to strive to promote world peace and development, with distinct characteristics of the times and Chinese features. The discourse system of Chinese-path modernization is a refinement, reflection, and sublimation of modernization practice. It uses China’s unique temperament, discourse, stories, and cultural symbols to produce the ideological concepts and knowledge products of the New Era and write them on the land of China. Therefore, it is both vivid and simple, both surging and steady, both open and inherited, becoming the main corpus for building an influential international communication system.

第一，中国式现代化生成了契合新时代中国国情与中国特色的话语体系。中国人民在中国共产党的领导下，用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，创造了举世瞩目的发展奇迹。这一独特的成功密钥，即立足中国又面向世界，坚持以马克思主义为指导和中国共产党领导，坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，坚持以人民为中心，努力实现全体人民共同富裕、促进人的全面发展，努力促进世界和平与发展，具有鲜明的时代特征和中国特色。中国式现代化的话语体系是对现代化实践的提炼、反思和升华，以中国特有的气质、话语、故事和文化符号，生产新时代的思想观念和知识产品并写在中国大地上，因而既生动又朴实，既澎湃又稳健，既开放又传承，成为构建有影响力的国际传播体系的主要语料库。

Second, the Chinese-path modernization path enriches the independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics. From the perspective of the knowledge system, the textual expression and terminological dissemination of the concepts, connotations, and structural system of Chinese-path modernization, on the one hand, are similar to general philosophy and social sciences, usually involving a process of introduction, reference, reinterpretation, and reproduction of concepts, mainly reflected in the understanding and use of the category of “modernization”; on the other hand, by linking Chinese-path modernization with the process of world civilization history, “Chinese-style” means that we can produce and provide original knowledge products for the development and progress of human society. “Today’s China not only needs to establish economic connections with the world; globalization does not only mean the circulation of commodities and trade exchanges. In fact, more importantly, it should also include the circulation of knowledge and culture, as well as providing knowledge products to the world,”[20]20 This is a quotation from a contemporary Chinese scholar or official, likely from a speech or article on knowledge production and globalization. demonstrating to the world the original contributions, theoretical research, and academic interpretation of China’s independent knowledge system.

第二，中国式现代化道路丰富了中国特色的自主知识体系。从知识体系角度来审视，中国式现代化的概念、内涵、结构体系的文本表达与术语传播，一方面类同一般的哲学社会科学，通常有一个概念的引进、借鉴到再解释、再生产的过程，主要体现在对“现代化”这一范畴的理解与使用上；另一方面，以中国式现代化链接世界文明史进程，“中国式”则意味着我们能够为人类社会的发展进步生产和提供原创性知识产品，“今天的中国，不仅是要和世界建立起经济上的连接，全球化也不仅仅意味着商品的流通和贸易的交换，实际上更重要的还应包括知识和文化的流通，以及为世界提供知识产品”，向世界展示中国自主知识体系的原创性贡献、学理化研究和学术化阐释。

Third, Chinese-path modernization expands the international communication system of the Chinese story. As an important content and component of world history, Chinese-path modernization inherently possesses the characteristics of openness, mutual learning, exchange, and integration; as a subject of knowledge production, the innovative development of its discourse system and knowledge system is always closely connected with the social practice activities of all humanity. Therefore, Chinese-path modernization is both Chinese and global, always closely linked to humanity’s pursuit of a better and happier life. The 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed “accelerating the construction of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, telling the Chinese story well, and spreading the Chinese voice well,” which can not only enable the world to re-understand, comprehend, and accept China, but also help Chinese people examine the world and learn from the world from a new starting point. The successful practice and theoretical construction of Chinese-path modernization help enhance the international influence and appeal of Chinese culture and Chinese civilization.

第三，中国式现代化拓展了中国故事的国际传播体系。中国式现代化作为世界历史的重要内容和组成部分，开放互鉴、交流交融是其自身固有特性；作为知识生产主体的中国式现代化，其话语体系与知识体系的创新发展，始终与全人类的社会实践活动密切联系。因此，中国式现代化既是中国的，也是世界的，始终与人类社会追求美好幸福生活紧密联系。党的二十大提出“加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音”，既可以让世界重新认识中国、理解中国和接纳中国，也能够帮助国人在新的起点上审视世界、学习世界。中国式现代化的成功实践与理论建构有助于提升中华文化、中华文明的国际影响力和吸引力。

3. Chinese-path modernization opens up new space for the development and progress of human civilization

3.中国式现代化拓展了人类文明发展进步的新空间

Human civilization is inherently diverse, equal, and inclusive in nature, and in its interactive relations it possesses the characteristics of exchange, mutual learning, and coexistence; at the same time, the development of human civilization must follow the basic principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. Chinese-path modernization carries typical genes of Chinese civilization, and its contemporary value lies in endowing modernization, which is commonly aspired to by human society, with a new development philosophy, and in creating a new form of human civilization that promotes comprehensive social progress and the all-round development of the individual, through the new ideological, contemporary, and civilizational connotations of Chinese-path modernization.

人类文明在本质上具有多样、平等、包容的属性，在互动关系上具有交流、互鉴、共存的特征，同时人类文明发展需要遵循共商、共建、共享的基本原则。中国式现代化具有典型的中华文明基因，其时代价值在于以新发展理念赋予人类社会共同向往的现代化，以中国式现代化这一新的思想内涵、时代内涵和文明内涵，创造了推进社会全面进步和人的全面发展的人类文明新形态。

First, Chinese-path modernization enriches the forms of human civilization. “The paths to happiness are not all the same; the people of each country have the right to choose their own development path and institutional model, which is itself an inherent part of the people’s happiness.” Chinese-path modernization not only creates a model for large-population backward countries to successfully eliminate poverty and embark on the path of modernization, but also transcends the logic of capital and the Western path of modernization, “focusing on simultaneously advancing material progress and ecological progress, and taking a path of civilized development characterized by production development, affluent living, and a sound ecology.” The Chinese-path modernization path has profound cultural foundations; Chinese civilization possesses spiritual traits and developmental forms that emphasize benevolence, value the people, uphold integrity, advocate justice, promote harmony, and seek common ground. In the history of human civilization, the successful exploration of the modernization path by Chinese-path modernization has created a new form of modern civilization.

第一，中国式现代化丰富了人类文明的形态。“通向幸福的道路不尽相同，各国人民有权选择自己的发展道路和制度模式，这本身就是人民幸福的应有之义”。中国式现代化不仅创造了人口规模巨大的落后国家成功消除贫困、开启现代化道路的范例，而且超越资本逻辑和西方式现代化路径，“注重同步推进物质文明建设和生态文明建设，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路”。中国式现代化道路具有深厚的文化底蕴，中华文明具有讲仁爱、重民本、守诚信、崇正义、尚和合、求大同的精神特质和发展形态。在人类文明史上，中国式现代化对现代化道路的成功探索，创造了现代文明新形态。

Second, Chinese-path modernization advocates for inter-civilizational exchange and mutual learning. Civilizations integrate through exchange and progress through integration. “The people of all countries pursue the common values of all humanity: peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom.” Chinese-path modernization advocates for civilizational dialogue and seeking common ground while reserving differences, with different countries, nations, and cultures coexisting harmoniously and learning from each other. The Chinese-path modernization path emphasizes using civilizational exchange and integration to resolve the “clash of civilizations” theory, insists on promoting a view of civilization based on equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, promotes the common values of all humanity inherent in Chinese civilization, and builds a peaceful, stable, prosperous, and beautiful world.

第二，中国式现代化倡导文明交流互鉴。文明在交流中融合，在融合中进步。“各国人民都追求和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值。”中国式现代化倡导文明对话、求同存异，不同国家、不同民族、不同文化和谐共处、互学互鉴，中国式现代化道路强调用文明交流交融破解“文明冲突论”，坚持弘扬平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，弘扬中华文明蕴含的全人类共同价值，建设和平、稳定、繁荣、美丽的世界。

Third, the Chinese-path modernization path provides a new form for the development of world socialism and the international communist movement. The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe in the 1980s and 1990s plunged the world socialist cause into a low ebb. The Chinese-path modernization path broke through the traditional socialist model of a single public ownership system and a highly centralized and unified planned economy, adopted a socialist market economy system through reform and opening up, opened up the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and revitalized scientific socialism in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, and the Chinese nation has achieved a great leap from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong. Xi Jinping pointed out, “Marxism has profoundly changed China, and China has greatly enriched Marxism.” The continuous success of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times has presented Marxism in a new light to the world, causing a major shift favorable to socialism in the historical evolution and contest between the two ideologies and two social systems of socialism and capitalism worldwide. The success of the Chinese-path modernization path has demonstrated the strong institutional and competitive advantages of the socialist system, fully showcasing the great vitality of socialism to countries around the world, thereby enhancing the image and appeal of socialism in the world.

第三，中国式现代化道路为世界社会主义发展和国际共产主义运动提供了新形式。20世纪八九十年代苏联解体、东欧剧变，使得世界社会主义事业陷入低潮。中国式现代化道路突破了传统社会主义单一公有制、高度集中统一的计划经济模式，通过改革开放实行社会主义市场经济体制，开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，使科学社会主义在中国重新焕发蓬勃生机。党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。习近平指出，“马克思主义深刻改变了中国，中国也极大丰富了马克思主义”。马克思主义中国化时代化不断取得成功，使马克思主义以崭新形象展现在世界上，使世界范围内社会主义和资本主义两种意识形态、两种社会制度的历史演进及其较量发生了有利于社会主义的重大转变。中国式现代化道路的成功，使社会主义制度体现出强大的制度优势和竞争优势，向世界各国充分展现了社会主义的强大活力，从而提升了社会主义在世界上的形象和吸引力。

IV. Conclusion

四、结语

Modernization is the value orientation of human social development, and the path of modernization must necessarily be the modernization under specific historical conditions and also the modernization of specific nation-states. Chinese-path modernization is not only the struggle journey of our Party uniting and leading the Chinese people to meet the challenges of changes unseen in a century and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also a Chinese-style interpretation of the world’s modernization path. From the broad perspective of world history, Chinese-path modernization is not only China’s path to modernization but also an important component of world civilizational history. The entirely new form of civilization formed by Chinese-path modernization expands the vast space for the development and progress of human civilization, and the autonomous knowledge system generated in the practice of Chinese-path modernization expands the international communication space for development paths and civilizational forms.

现代化是人类社会发展的价值指向，现代化道路必然是具体历史条件下的现代化，也必然是具体民族国家的现代化。中国式现代化不仅是我们党团结带领中国人民应对世界百年未有之大变局的挑战、实现中华民族伟大复兴的奋斗征程，而且是世界现代化道路的中国式诠释。在世界历史大视野中，中国式现代化不仅是现代化的中国道路，而且是世界文明史的重要构成。中国式现代化所形成的全新文明形态拓展了人类文明发展进步的广阔空间，在中国式现代化实践中生成的自主知识体系拓展了发展道路和文明形态的国际传播空间。

The practice of Chinese-path modernization provides ample material for the conceptual expression and discourse system construction of Chinese-path modernization, and provides knowledge products to the world by improving the international communication mechanism. Regarding the underlying logic and development momentum of the Chinese-path modernization path, traditional Western modernization theories and analytical frameworks cannot provide effective explanations, nor can ready-made answers be found in the classical works of Marxism. The new development philosophy is one of the latest achievements of the Party’s innovative theories contained within it. It can be anticipated that knowledge production on Chinese-path modernization will continue to deepen. First, regarding the normativity of research. This mainly involves multiple aspects such as the definition and evolution of concepts, the use and comparison of terms, the construction of evaluation and assessment indicators, the adherence to orthodoxy and innovation in research paradigms, and the construction of terminological logic and narrative systems. Second, regarding the diversity of methods. The knowledge system of Chinese-path modernization is both a normative science and an empirical science, encompassing all known disciplines of human society. It requires the use of various research methods and paradigms to answer the question of how China provides advanced knowledge products to the world, especially under the impetus of the rapid development of artificial intelligence: how to conduct large-model and text-video generation training for the Chinese-path modernization discourse system, and how to “continuously strengthen the construction of the Chinese-path modernization discourse system and improve the quality of discourse.” Third, regarding the systematic nature of content. This mainly involves the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese-path modernization. The internal gene of Chinese-path modernization is fine traditional Chinese culture, its basic logic is Marxism and the leadership of the Party, its development momentum is the people’s pursuit of a better and happier life, and its identity positioning is an important chapter in world civilizational history, a unity of locality and globality. The question is how to refine the universal laws of human social development. Fourth, regarding the shared nature of value. The knowledge production in the process of Chinese-path modernization is an important source of the outstanding achievements of human civilization. The analytical framework based on the practice of Chinese-path modernization is an open structure. On the one hand, it can absorb the reasonable elements of different modernization paths; on the other hand, it leaves ample space for connection and innovation for countries around the world to learn from and absorb the successful experience of Chinese-path modernization. Expand the international influence of the autonomous knowledge system, increase the agenda-setting ability and communication strategy of the Chinese-path modernization narrative mode, and strengthen the construction of international discourse power; “display a global vision through connotative characteristics, achieving a complementary effect between macro-narrative and micro-expression”; explore the establishment of mechanisms for cultural exchange and dialogue cooperation between East and West, focusing on showcasing to the world the original contributions, theoretical research, and academic interpretation of China’s autonomous knowledge system, and enhancing the communication effectiveness of being universally understood and recognized.

中国式现代化实践为中国式现代化的概念表达和话语体系建构提供了充足的素材，并通过完善国际传播机制而为世界提供知识产品。就中国式现代化道路的底层逻辑和发展动力而言，传统的西方现代化理论和分析框架无法实现有效的解释，在马克思主义经典作家那里也找不到现成的答案，而新发展理念是内含其中的党的创新理论的最新成果之一。可以预计，关于中国式现代化的知识生产将持续深入。一是关于研究的规范性。主要涉及概念的界定和演变、术语的使用和比较、评估与评价指标的建构、研究范式的守正与创新、术语逻辑与叙事体系建构等多方面内容。二是关于方法的多元性。中国式现代化的知识体系既是规范科学也是实证科学，涵盖人类社会已知的所有学科，需要使用各种研究方法与范式，回答中国如何向世界提供先进的知识产品问题，尤其在人工智能高速发展的推动下，如何展开中国式现代化话语体系的大模型和文本视频生成训练，如何“不断加强中国式现代化话语体系的构建，提升话语质量”。三是关于内容的体系性。主要涉及中国式现代化的自主知识体系。中国式现代化的内在基因是中华优秀传统文化，基本逻辑是马克思主义及其政党的领导，发展动力是人民对美好幸福生活的追求，身份定位是世界文明史的重要篇章，是本土性与世界性的统一，如何提炼出普遍意义上的人类社会发展规律问题。四是关于价值的共享性。中国式现代化进程中的知识生产，是人类文明的优秀成果的重要来源，基于中国式现代化实践的分析框架是一个开放的结构，一方面能够汲取不同现代化道路的合理成分，另一方面也为世界各国学习吸收中国式现代化成功经验留下充分的链接与创新的空间。扩大自主知识体系的国际影响力，增加中国式现代化叙事方式的议题设置能力与传播策略，加强国际传播话语权建设；“通过内涵特征展现世界情怀，实现宏观叙事和微观表达相得益彰”；探索建立东西方文化交流与对话合作机制，重在向世界展示中国自主知识体系的原创性贡献、学理化研究和学术化阐释，提升被普遍理解和认同的传播效能。

(Author’s bio: Zhang Mingzhi, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the Political College of the National Defense University)

（作者简介：张明之，国防大学政治学院教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心