The Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC (National Academy of Governance) Party School (Academy) Affairs Committee: Continuously Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization on the New Journey of the New Era

Chinese-path modernization is a major achievement obtained by our Party leading the people through long-term exploration and practice, after untold hardships and at enormous cost. On the new journey of the New Era, comprehensively building a strong country and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization is the central task of the Party and the state. To accomplish this arduous task, we must more consciously take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the guiding principles of the 20th National Congress of the CPC as our guide, deeply study and comprehensively implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Chinese-path modernization, and continuously create new glories in comprehensively building a modern socialist country through struggle and concrete action.

中国式现代化是我们党领导人民在长期探索和实践中，历经千辛万苦、付出巨大代价取得的重大成果。新时代新征程上，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，是党和国家的中心任务。完成好这一艰巨任务，就要更加自觉坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神为指导，深入学习和全面贯彻习近平总书记关于中国式现代化的重要论述，以奋斗和实干不断创造全面建设社会主义现代化国家新辉煌。

I. In the New Era, the Party Has Successfully Advanced and Expanded Chinese-Path Modernization

一、新时代党领导人民成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化

The history of the Communist Party of China uniting and leading the Chinese people in pursuing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is also a history of continuously exploring the path of Chinese-path modernization. Several generations of Chinese Communists have run the relay race one after another, always striving unremittingly toward the goal of modernization. Entering the New Era, Chinese Communists with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief representative took over the historical baton, continuously achieved theoretical and practical innovations and breakthroughs, and successfully advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization.

中国共产党团结带领中国人民追求民族伟大复兴的历史，也是一部不断探索中国式现代化道路的历史。几代中国共产党人一棒接着一棒跑，始终向着现代化目标不懈奋进。进入新时代，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人接过历史的接力棒，不断实现理论和实践上的创新突破，成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。

Deepening understanding continuously. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Chinese Communists with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief representative, responding to the demands of the times and integrating new realities, have scientifically answered major epochal questions such as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, achieved a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, clarified the concepts, thinking, and measures for advancing Chinese-path modernization, and provided the fundamental guidance for Chinese-path modernization. In particular, General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important discourses on what Chinese-path modernization is and how to build it, profoundly elucidating major theoretical and practical issues such as the historical process, leading force, Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, major principles, strategic arrangements, practical requirements, and global significance of Chinese-path modernization, and preliminarily constructing the theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization. This major theoretical achievement enriches and develops Marxist modernization theory, breaks the myth that “modernization equals Westernization,” achieves a major innovation in world modernization theory, makes Chinese-path modernization clearer, more scientific, more tangible and feasible, and marks that our Party’s understanding of the laws of socialist modernization has reached a new realm.

在认识上不断深化。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，顺应时代要求，结合新的实际，科学回答了新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义等重大时代课题，创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃，明确了推进中国式现代化的理念思路举措，为中国式现代化提供了根本遵循。尤其是习近平总书记围绕什么是中国式现代化、怎样建设中国式现代化发表一系列重要论述，深刻阐明了中国式现代化的历史进程、领导力量、中国特色、本质要求、重大原则、战略安排、实践要求、世界意义等重大理论和实践问题，初步构建了中国式现代化的理论体系。这一重大理论成果丰富和发展了马克思主义现代化理论，打破了“现代化＝西方化”的迷思，实现了对世界现代化理论的重大创新，使中国式现代化更加清晰、更加科学、更加可感可行，标志着我们党对社会主义现代化建设规律的认识达到了新境界。

Improving strategy continuously. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, focusing on realizing the Two Centenary Goals [1]1 The Two Establishments: the establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., has made a “two-step” strategic arrangement to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of this century, refined the overall goals for basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, and clarified the timetable and roadmap for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country; based on the new historical juncture of China’s development, it has clarified the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, and deeply implemented major strategies such as the strategy of invigorating China through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation through human resources, the innovation-driven development strategy, the rural revitalization strategy, and the coordinated regional development strategy, providing solid strategic support for Chinese-path modernization. This series of major deployments, possessing both continuity and timeliness, makes the tasks for advancing Chinese-path modernization clearer, the paths more distinct, and the steps more solid.

在战略上不断完善。以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标，作出到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国“两步走”的战略安排，细化了到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化的总体目标，明确了全面建成社会主义现代化强国的时间表、路线图；立足我国发展新的历史方位，明确了“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略、乡村振兴战略、区域协调发展战略等重大战略，为中国式现代化提供坚实战略支撑。这一系列重大部署，既有连贯性又契合时代性，使推进中国式现代化的任务更明确、路径更清晰、步骤更扎实。

The key to Chinese-path modernization lies in the modernization of science and technology. The picture shows the research vessel “Tansuo Yihao” (Explorer No. 1) carrying the full-ocean-depth manned submersible “Fendouzhe” (Striver) returning to Sanya, Hainan, on March 28, 2024. This scientific expedition lasted 50 days and successfully completed the China-Indonesia joint deep-diving mission in the Java Trench. Xinhua News Agency, photo by Sha Xiaofeng.

中国式现代化关键在科技现代化。图为2024年3月28日，“探索一号”科考船搭载“奋斗者”号全海深载人潜水器返回海南三亚。此次科考历时50天，顺利完成中国—印度尼西亚爪哇海沟联合深潜任务。 新华社发 沙晓峰/摄

Enriching practice continuously. Entering the New Era, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, our Party has adhered to the

在实践上不断丰富。进入新时代，我们党在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，采取一系列战略性举措、推进一系列变革性实践、实现一系列突破性进展、取得一系列标志性成果，我国经济发展水平实现历史性跃升，新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步推进，科技自立自强取得重大进展，人民生活水平显著提高，历史性消除了绝对贫困。党和国家事业取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革，为中国式现代化提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量。在举世瞩目的伟大成就面前，我们最有理由自信：中国式现代化走得通、行得稳，是强国建设、民族复兴的唯一正确道路。

II. Xi Jinping’s Important Expositions on Chinese-Path Modernization Provide a Scientific Guide for Comprehensively Building a Modern Socialist Country

二、习近平总书记关于中国式现代化的重要论述为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供了科学指南

Continuously advancing Chinese-path modernization urgently requires scientific theoretical guidance. Xi Jinping’s important expositions on Chinese-path modernization are the theoretical summation of our Party’s practical experience in leading socialist modernization. They possess strong political, ideological, and guiding significance, providing scientific direction for correctly understanding and vigorously advancing Chinese-path modernization, and demonstrating powerful truth-force in the practice of Chinese-path modernization.

持续推进中国式现代化，迫切需要科学的理论指导。习近平总书记关于中国式现代化的重要论述，是我们党领导社会主义现代化建设实践经验的理论总结，具有很强的政治性、思想性、指导性，为正确理解和大力推进中国式现代化提供了科学指引，在中国式现代化实践中展现出强大真理力量。

Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. The key to comprehensively building a modern socialist country and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation lies in the Party. Party leadership directly concerns the fundamental direction, future and destiny, and ultimate success or failure of Chinese-path modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China, “this is a statement that defines Chinese-path modernization, one that governs the overall situation and the fundamentals”; Party leadership “determines the fundamental nature of Chinese-path modernization,” “ensures that Chinese-path modernization remains anchored to the goal and advances steadily,” “inspires the strong impetus for building Chinese-path modernization,” and “gathers the mighty force for building Chinese-path modernization.” These important expositions profoundly reveal the inherent and necessary connection between Party leadership and Chinese-path modernization, highlighting the Party’s crucial status and role in modernization construction.

中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化。全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，关键在党。党的领导直接关系中国式现代化的根本方向、前途命运、最终成败。习近平总书记指出，中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，“这是对中国式现代化定性的话，是管总、管根本的”；党的领导“决定中国式现代化的根本性质”、“确保中国式现代化锚定奋斗目标行稳致远”、“激发建设中国式现代化的强劲动力”、“凝聚建设中国式现代化的磅礴力量”。这些重要论述，深刻揭示了党的领导与中国式现代化的内在必然联系，凸显了党在现代化建设中至关重要的地位和作用。

Among a myriad of majestic mountains, there must be a main peak.[1]1 The Two Establishments: the establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. History has proven conclusively that it is precisely because of the Party’s strong leadership that our country has been able to complete in a few decades the industrialization process that took developed countries centuries, and the Chinese people have gained unprecedented dignity, pride, and happiness. Facts fully prove that the fundamental reason why the theory of Chinese-path modernization has continuously innovated and the practice of Chinese-path modernization has continuously broken through lies in General Secretary Xi Jin

万山磅礴，必有主峰。历史雄辩证明，正是因为有了党的坚强领导，我国才能够用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，中国人民才有了前所未有的尊严感、自豪感、幸福感。事实充分证明，中国式现代化理论之所以不断创新，中国式现代化实践之所以不断突破，根本在于习近平总书记领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。“两个确立”是党和人民战胜一切艰难险阻、应对一切不确定性的最大确定性、最大底气、最大保证。中国式现代化越是向前推进，越是要坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导，把党的领导落实到党和国家事业各领域各方面各环节，确保党始终总揽全局、协调各方，始终成为中国式现代化的坚强领导力量。

The Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization constitute the highest-level top-level design for advancing Chinese-path modernization. The cause of Chinese-path modernization is both the most difficult and the greatest. The Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization reveal the scientific connotation of Chinese-path modernization, represent the latest major achievement of scientific socialism, and have made significant original contributions to enriching and developing the Marxist theory of modernization.

中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求、重大原则是对推进中国式现代化的最高顶层设计。中国式现代化事业既是最难的，也是最伟大的。中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则，揭示了中国式现代化的科学内涵，是科学社会主义的最新重大成果，为丰富和发展马克思主义现代化理论作出了重大原创性贡献。

The five distinguishing features primarily answer the question of “what is” Chinese-path modernization. A huge population base is the salient feature of Chinese-path modernization; the enormous population size is both a pressure and an advantage, determining that Chinese-path modernization is the largest in scale and the most difficult in human history, requiring us to adhere to steady progress, advance step by step, and continue to push forward. Common prosperity for all the people is the essential feature of Chinese-path modernization and also a notable marker distinguishing it from Western modernization, requiring us to make and enlarge the “pie” while further distributing it well, resolutely preventing polarization. Coordination of material and cultural-ethical progress is the lofty pursuit of Chinese-path modernization, promoting the comprehensive enrichment of things and the all-round development of people, requiring us to persist in grasping both aspects and making both aspects strong, simultaneously building a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and guiding force to meet the people’s growing spiritual and cultural needs. Harmony between humanity and nature is the distinctive feature of Chinese-path modernization, deeply embedding the green foundation of Chinese-path modernization, thoroughly implementing the development concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, requiring us to properly handle the relationship between development and protection, unswervingly following a civilized development path of production development, affluent living, and sound ecology. Following the path of peaceful development is the prominent feature of Chinese-path modernization, a conclusion drawn from an objective judgment of history, reality, and the future, requiring us to promote the common values of all humanity, firmly pursue a mutually beneficial and win-win opening-up strategy, and continuously provide new opportunities for the world through China’s new development.

五个方面的中国特色重点回答了中国式现代化“是什么”的问题。人口规模巨大是中国式现代化的显著特征，超大的人口体量是压力也是优势，决定了中国式现代化在人类历史上规模最大、难度也最大，要求我们必须坚持稳中求进、循序渐进、持续推进；全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质特征，也是区别于西方现代化的显著标志，要求我们做好做大“蛋糕”的同时，进一步分好“蛋糕”，坚决防止两极分化；物质文明和精神文明相协调是中国式现代化的崇高追求，促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展，要求我们必须坚持两手抓、两手硬，同步建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态，满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求；人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的鲜明特点，厚植中国式现代化的绿色底色，深入贯彻绿水青山就是金山银山的发展理念，要求我们把握好发展与保护的关系，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路；走和平发展道路是中国式现代化的突出特征，是从历史、现实、未来的客观判断中得出的结论，要求我们弘扬全人类共同价值，坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略，不断以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇。

The nine essential requirements primarily answer the question of “what to do” in Chinese-path modernization. Upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China and upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics are the fundamental requirements that define the nature and direction of Chinese-path modernization, highlighting the leadership advantages and institutional advantages of Chinese-path modernization. Achieving high-quality development, developing whole-process people’s democracy, enriching the people’s spiritual world, achieving common prosperity for all the people, and promoting harmony between humanity and nature are both connected with the distinguishing features of Chinese-path modernization and correspond to the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics; they are intrinsic requirements condensed and formed for building a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful, highlighting the comprehensiveness, systematicity, and sustainability of socialist modernization. Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and creating a new form of human civilization are the inevitable requirements of Chinese-path modernization, which both develops China and benefits the world. Chinese-path modernization has achieved a major transcendence over the theory and practice of Western modernization and is the necessary path for China to seek human progress and global harmony.

九个方面的本质要求重点回答了中国式现代化“干什么”的问题。坚持中国共产党领导，坚持中国特色社会主义，是中国式现代化定性、定向的根本要求，彰显了中国式现代化的领导优势和制度优势；实现高质量发展，发展全过程人民民主，丰富人民精神世界，实现全体人民共同富裕，促进人与自然和谐共生，既与中国式现代化的中国特色相贯通，又与中国特色社会主义事业总体布局相对应，是面向建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国凝练形成的内在要求，突出了社会主义现代化的全面性、系统性和可持续性；推动构建人类命运共同体，创造人类文明新形态，是中国式现代化既发展中国又造福世界的必然要求，中国式现代化实现了对西方式现代化理论和实践的重大超越，是中国谋求人类进步、世界大同的必由之路。

The five major principles primarily answer the question of “how to do” Chinese-path modernization. Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership emphasizes the issue of fundamental guarantee; as long as we firmly support the Two Establishments[n1] and resolutely achieve the Two Upholds[n2], always maintaining a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, we will certainly be able to gather strong political cohesion for united struggle. Upholding the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics emphasizes the issue of direction and path; as long as we hold fast to and steady this path, Chinese-path modernization will certainly go better and further. Adhering to the people-centered development thought emphasizes the issue of value stance; as long as the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly, Chinese-path modernization will certainly gain the most reliable, deepest, and most enduring support in strength. Adhering to deepening reform and opening up emphasizes the issue of driving force and vitality; as long as we further comprehensively deepen reform and further expand high-level opening up, we will certainly continuously inject strong momentum into Chinese-path modernization, provide strong institutional guarantees, and continuously expand the development space of Chinese-path modernization. Adhering to carrying forward the spirit of struggle emphasizes the issue of spiritual strength; as long as we dare to struggle and are good at struggling, focus on enhancing the ability to prevent risks, overcome difficulties, meet challenges, and resist pressure, we will certainly continuously achieve new victories in comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

五条重大原则重点回答了中国式现代化“怎么干”的问题。坚持和加强党的全面领导强调的是根本保证问题，只要坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”，始终在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，就一定能够汇聚起团结奋斗的强大政治凝聚力；坚持中国特色社会主义道路强调的是方向道路问题，只要把这条道路守住了、把稳了，中国式现代化就一定会走得更好、走得更远；坚持以人民为中心的发展思想强调的是价值立场问题，只要让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，中国式现代化就一定能够获得最可靠、最深厚、最持久的力量支持；坚持深化改革开放强调的是动力活力问题，只要进一步全面深化改革，进一步扩大高水平对外开放，就一定能够为中国式现代化源源不断注入强劲动力，提供有力制度保障，不断拓展中国式现代化的发展空间；坚持发扬斗争精神强调的是精神力量问题，只要敢于斗争、善于斗争，着力增强防风险、攻难关、迎挑战、抗打压能力，就一定能够不断夺取全面建设社会主义现代化国家新胜利。

Chinese-path modernization is a modernization where material and cultural-ethical progress are coordinated. Liede Village is an ancient village with a long history located in the Zhujiang New Town area of Guangzhou, Guangdong. Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, the villagers of Liede follow the Lingnan dragon boat cultural customs, displaying the inheritance of Dragon Boat Festival culture through various ritualistic “dragon boat scenes” in ancestral halls and river channels. The picture shows dragon boats from surrounding villages gathering in Liede Creek to participate in the “dragon boat scene” on June 10, 2024. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Dawei.

中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。猎德村是位于广东广州珠江新城一座历史悠久的古村。每年端午期间，猎德村民都会遵照岭南龙舟文化习俗，在祠堂和河涌，用各种充满仪式感的“龙船景”展示对端午文化的传承。图为2024年6月10日，十里八乡的龙舟汇聚在猎德涌参加“龙船景”。 新华社记者 刘大伟/摄

Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires properly handling several major relationships. The systems concept is a foundational way of thinking and working. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project that requires overall consideration, systematic planning, and holistic advancement, correctly handling a series of major relationships.” This important exposition is full of the wisdom of materialist dialectics, providing the “bridge or boat” for reaching the victorious shore of Chinese-path modernization construction.

推进中国式现代化需要处理好若干重大关系。系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。习近平总书记强调：“推进中国式现代化是一个系统工程，需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进，正确处理好一系列重大关系。”这一重要论述充满了唯物辩证法的智慧，为通往中国式现代化建设胜利彼岸提供了“桥或船”。

In handling the relationship between top-level design and practical exploration, our Party both carries out top-level design from an overall perspective for the whole and for each stage and field, and encourages all regions to use their own resource endowments and development conditions to blaze new trails and innovate, striving to create replicable and scalable fresh experience. In handling the relationship between strategy and tactics, it both strengthens strategic thinking, enhancing the foresight, comprehensiveness, and stability of strategy, and requires all regions and departments to adhere to the unity of principle and flexibility, adapting measures to local conditions, acting according to the situation, and following the trend. In handling the relationship between upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, it both emphasizes guarding the foundation, source, root, and soul of Chinese-path modernization, being clear-cut on fundamental issues such as stance, direction, principles, and path, and insists on conforming to the requirements of the times, actively recognizing, responding to, and seeking change, driving comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core. In handling the relationship between efficiency and fairness, it both requires creating higher efficiency than capitalism and emphasizes that fairness and justice are the inherent requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics, focusing on building a new mechanism for fair, just, co-construction, and shared development. In handling the relationship between vitality and order, it both deepens reforms of systems and mechanisms in all aspects, fully mobilizing the people’s initiative, creativity, and activity, and coordinates development and security, unifying the intensity of reform, the speed of development, and the degree of social acceptability. In handling the relationship between self-reliance and opening up to the outside world, it both insists on placing the development of the country and the nation on the basis of its own strength and continuously expands high-level opening up, deeply participates in global industrial division of labor and cooperation, and makes good use of both domestic and international resources.

在处理顶层设计与实践探索的关系上，我们党既从全局视野对总体和各阶段、各领域进行顶层设计，又鼓励各地区利用自身资源禀赋和发展条件开拓创新，努力创造可复制、可推广的新鲜经验；在处理战略与策略的关系上，既强化战略思维，增强战略的前瞻性、全局性、稳定性，又要求各地区各部门坚持原则性和灵活性相统一，因地制宜、因势而动、顺势而为；在处理守正与创新的关系上，既强调守好中国式现代化的本和源、根和魂，在立场、方向、原则、道路等根本性问题上旗帜鲜明，又坚持顺应时代发展要求，积极识变应变求变，以科技创新为核心带动全面创新；在处理效率与公平的关系上，既要求创造比资本主义更高的效率，又强调公平正义是中国特色社会主义的内在要求，着力构建公平公正、共建共享的发展新机制；在处理活力与秩序的关系上，既深化各方面体制机制改革，充分调动人民群众的积极性、主动性、创造性，又统筹发展和安全，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来；在处理自立自强与对外开放的关系上，既坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，又不断扩大高水平对外开放，深度参与全球产业分工和合作，用好国内国际两种资源。

Faced with various dilemmas and multi-difficulty problems, we must consciously adhere to and apply the systems concept, strengthen forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and holistic advancement of development in all fields, and continuously promote new progress and new breakthroughs in Chinese-path modernization.

面对各种两难、多难问题，我们要自觉坚持和运用系统观念，加强对各领域发展的前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进，不断推动中国式现代化取得新进展、新突破。

Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires carrying out a great struggle. The greater the cause, the more it is often full of difficulties and obstacles, and the more it requires carrying forward the spirit of struggle. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “The various struggles we face are not short-term but long-term, at least accompanying the entire process of achieving our second centenary goal[n3]”; “Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a pioneering undertaking without precedent in history,” and “we must enhance our awareness of potential dangers, adhere to bottom-line thinking, be vigilant in peace and prepare for danger, take precautions, dare to struggle and be good at struggling, and open up new horizons for the development of the cause through tenacious struggle.” These important expositions clarify the great significance and practical requirements of carrying forward the spirit of struggle, reflecting the firm determination and strong confidence in carrying out the great struggle.

推进中国式现代化必须进行伟大斗争。越是伟大的事业，往往越是充满艰难险阻，越是需要发扬斗争精神。习近平总书记指出，“我们面临的各种斗争不是短期的而是长期的，至少要伴随我们实现第二个百年奋斗目标全过程”；“推进中国式现代化，是一项前无古人的开创性事业”，“必须增强忧患意识，坚持底线思维，居安思危、未雨绸缪，敢于斗争、善于斗争，通过顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地”。这些重要论述，阐明了发扬斗争精神的重大意义和实践要求，体现了进行伟大斗争的坚强决心和坚定信心。

Without struggle, there is no victory; without the great struggle of the New Era, there would be no great transformation of the New Era. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China to effectively defuse various risks in the economic, scientific, technological, social, cyber, and diplomatic fields, and to successfully win one tough battle after another, including the battle against COVID-19, the battle against poverty, the battle against floods, the battle for ecological and environmental protection, and the protracted battle against corruption. [4]4 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership. The “battles” listed refer to major national campaigns: the COVID-19 response (2020–2023), the targeted poverty alleviation campaign (2013–2020), flood control efforts (annual), the ecological protection campaign (ongoing since 2012), and the anti-corruption campaign (ongoing since 2012). In particular, in the face of external blackmail, containment, blockade, and extreme pressure, we have waged tit-for-tat struggles that are principled, advantageous, and restrained, firmly grasping the initiative in China’s development and security. The construction of Chinese-path modernization has already traversed thousands of mountains and rivers, but it will still have to scale mountains and ford streams. [5]5 “Thousands of mountains and rivers” (千山万水) and “scale mountains and ford streams” (跋山涉水) are classical Chinese idioms, here used metaphorically to describe the arduous journey already completed and the challenges still ahead. On the road ahead, there will inevitably be various predictable and unpredictable risks and challenges; external suppression and containment may escalate at any time; various “black swan” and “gray rhino” incidents may occur at any time. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of the spirit and ability to struggle, resolutely and effectively prevent and defuse all kinds of risks and challenges, and strive with all our might to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, ensuring the realization of the established goals.

没有斗争，就没有胜利；没有新时代伟大斗争，就没有新时代伟大变革。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记带领全党全国各族人民有效化解经济、科技、社会、网络、外交等领域各种风险，成功打赢疫情防控阻击战、脱贫攻坚战、抗洪防汛战、生态环境保卫战、反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战等一场又一场硬仗。特别是面对外部讹诈、遏制、封锁、极限施压，针锋相对开展有理有利有节的斗争，牢牢掌握了我国发展和安全主动权。中国式现代化建设已经走过了千山万水，但还将跋山涉水。前进道路上，必然存在可以预料和难以预料的各种风险挑战，来自外部的打压遏制随时可能升级，各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生，必须加强斗争精神和斗争本领养成，坚决有效防范化解各类风险挑战，全力战胜一切艰难险阻，确保实现既定奋斗目标。

Chinese-path modernization has created a new form of human civilization. The greatest respect for human civilization is to create a new form of human civilization. Chinese-path modernization is the broad road to building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation; it opens up a new path for humanity to achieve modernization and inaugurates a new form of human civilization. Facing a series of questions about modernization, such as “what kind of modernization do we need and how can we achieve it,” General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that Chinese-path modernization “represents the direction of progress for human civilization and presents a new picture different from the Western model of modernization,” and “provides a Chinese solution for humanity’s exploration of a better social system”; “the unique worldview, values, view of history, view of civilization, view of democracy, view of ecology, and other views embedded in Chinese-path modernization, along with its great practice, constitute a major innovation in the theory and practice of world modernization”; “what we pursue is not modernization that benefits China alone, but rather we look forward to achieving modernization together with all countries, including the vast number of developing countries.” These important expositions profoundly clarify the world-historical contribution of Chinese-path modernization to the progress of human civilization, fully demonstrate the CPC’s breadth of vision and sense of responsibility in embracing the world, and inject confidence and momentum into advancing the modernization process of human society.

中国式现代化创造了人类文明新形态。对人类文明最大的礼敬，就是创造人类文明新形态。中国式现代化是强国建设、民族复兴的康庄大道，开辟的是人类迈向现代化的新道路，开创的是人类文明新形态。面对“我们究竟需要什么样的现代化、怎样才能实现现代化”等一系列现代化之问，习近平总书记强调，中国式现代化“代表人类文明进步的发展方向，展现了不同于西方现代化模式的新图景”，“为人类对更好社会制度的探索提供了中国方案”；“中国式现代化中蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观等及其伟大实践，是对世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新”；“我们追求的不是中国独善其身的现代化，而是期待同广大发展中国家在内的各国一道，共同实现现代化”。这些重要论述，深刻阐明了中国式现代化对人类文明进步作出的世界性贡献，充分彰显了中国共产党胸怀天下的气度与担当，为推动人类社会现代化进程注入了信心和动力。

The beautiful prospect of modernization is inspiring and desirable, but the journey of various countries exploring the path to modernization is fraught with hardship. For a long time, the Western-dominated path of modernization has not promoted global prosperity and stability. Some countries that have looked to the West for their modernization model have, to varying degrees, fallen into predicaments such as political turmoil, economic stagnation, and social division. In stark contrast, the pace of Chinese-path modernization has been steady, powerful, spirited, and confident, shattering the myth that only the Western capitalist path can achieve modernization. Whether it is the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative or the promotion of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, all provide important guidance for realizing a world modernization characterized by peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation, and common prosperity. Looking to the future, we must firmly stand on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization progress, adhere to taking the people’s aspirations as our own and the world’s interests as our own, practice the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, seek our own development while firmly safeguarding world peace and development, and better safeguard world peace and development through our own development, continuously making the path of Chinese-path modernization broader and broader.

现代化美好图景令人憧憬向往，但各国探索现代化道路的历程却充满艰辛。长期以来，西方主导的现代化之路并未促进全球的繁荣稳定，一些在现代化模式上向西方看齐的国家，不同程度陷入政治动荡、经济停滞、社会撕裂等困境。形成鲜明对照的是，中国式现代化的步伐走得很坚实、很有力量、很见神采、很显底气，打破了只有西方资本主义道路才能实现现代化的神话。无论是高质量共建“一带一路”，还是推动落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，都为实现和平发展、互利合作、共同繁荣的世界现代化提供了重要指引。面向未来，我们要坚定站在历史正确的一边、站在人类文明进步的一边，坚持以人民之心为心、以天下之利为利，践行人类命运共同体理念，在坚定维护世界和平与发展中谋求自身发展，又以自身发展更好维护世界和平与发展，不断推动中国式现代化道路越走越宽广。

Practice has no end, and theoretical innovation has no end either. As the great cause of Chinese-path modernization construction continues to advance, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on Chinese-path modernization will continue to be enriched and developed. We must follow up with study, grasp them holistically, and implement them comprehensively.

实践没有止境，理论创新也没有止境。随着中国式现代化建设伟大事业的不断推进，习近平总书记关于中国式现代化的重要论述将不断丰富发展，我们要跟进学习、整体把握、全面贯彻。

III. Writing a New Chapter of Chinese-Path Modernization with a Striving Posture

三、以奋发有为的姿态谱写中国式现代化新篇章

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “China’s modernization is unique, unprecedented, and magnificently great.” Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a long-term task. To accomplish this great historical task, we must highlight work priorities, consolidate development momentum, adhere to seeking truth from facts, and continuously create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记指出：“中国现代化是绝无仅有、史无前例、空前伟大的。”推进中国式现代化是一个长期任务。完成好这一伟大历史任务，必须突出工作重点、厚植发展动能、坚持求真务实，不断开创中国式现代化建设新局面。

Promote the deepening of comprehensive reform in all respects. Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times. Advancing Chinese-path modernization involves profound changes in ideology, production methods, and interest patterns, and there are still many difficulties, bottlenecks, and blockages that need to be broken through. We must closely focus on the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization to further deepen comprehensive reform in all respects, highlight the focus of reform, firmly grasp the value orientation, pay attention to methods and approaches, and strive to make new progress in eliminating institutional and mechanistic drawbacks in various aspects and adjusting deep-seated interest patterns.

推动全面深化改革向纵深发展。改革开放是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。推进中国式现代化涉及思想观念、生产方式、利益格局的深刻变革，还有不少难点、卡点、堵点需要突破。要紧扣推进中国式现代化这个主题进一步全面深化改革，突出改革重点，把牢价值取向，讲求方式方法，努力在破除各方面体制机制弊端、调整深层次利益格局上取得新进展。

Unswervingly promote high-quality development. High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all respects. We must focus on economic construction as the central task and high-quality development as the primary task, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and continuously promote the economy to achieve effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth. We must establish and practice a correct outlook on political performance, and strive to create development achievements that stand the test of practice, the people, and history.

坚定不移推动高质量发展。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。要聚焦经济建设这一中心工作和高质量发展这一首要任务，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，因地制宜发展新质生产力，持续推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。要树立和践行正确政绩观，努力创造经得起实践、人民和历史检验的发展业绩。

Comprehensively enhance capabilities and skills. The heavy responsibility of modernization construction places new and higher demands on the capabilities and qualities of the cadre force. We must persist in using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to solidify the soul and strengthen the foundation, continuously strengthen the ideological tempering, political training, practical exercise, and professional training of cadres at all levels, and comprehensively enhance the political ability, leadership ability, and work ability compatible with advancing Chinese-path modernization.

全面提升能力本领。现代化建设的重任对干部队伍的能力素质提出了新的更高要求。要坚持用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，不断加强对各级干部的思想淬炼、政治历练、实践锻炼、专业训练，全面提升与推进中国式现代化相适应的政治能力、领导能力、工作能力。

Implement with the spirit of driving the nail. Hard work is the most simple methodology. Chinese-path modernization is a process of accumulating small victories into big ones; the key lies in action, the key lies in hard work. We must closely focus on advancing Chinese-path modernization, closely integrate the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with specific realities, implement them without compromise, implement them with vigor and speed, implement them with a realistic and pragmatic approach, implement them with courage and effectiveness, ensure that things are done correctly, solidly, and well, and be firm action-takers and doers in the construction of Chinese-path modernization.

以钉钉子精神抓好落实。实干是最质朴的方法论。中国式现代化是一个积小胜为大胜的过程，关键在行动，关键靠实干。要紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化，把党中央决策部署同具体实际紧密结合起来，不折不扣抓落实、雷厉风行抓落实、求真务实抓落实、敢作善为抓落实，确保做对、做实、做好，当好中国式现代化建设的坚定行动派、实干家。

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心