Chinese-Path Modernization Puts People’s Livelihood First

During his inspection tour in Chongqing from April 22 to 24, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: “Chinese-path modernization puts people’s livelihood first. All the work of the Party and the government is aimed at enabling the people to live a better life.” This important directive clarifies the value orientation and the goal of struggle of Chinese-path modernization, further reveals the distinctive features that distinguish Chinese-path modernization from Western modernization, greatly manifests the rich connotations and people-centered character of Chinese-path modernization, and demonstrates the profound people-centered sentiment of the leader of a major country. This anchors the direction, clarifies the objectives, and points out the methods for advancing Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development, carrying important theoretical and practical significance.

习近平总书记4月22日至24日在重庆考察时强调：“中国式现代化，民生为大。党和政府的一切工作，都是为了老百姓过上更加幸福的生活。”这一重要指示精神明确了中国式现代化的价值取向和奋斗目标，进一步揭示了中国式现代化区别于西方现代化的鲜明特征，极大地彰显了中国式现代化的丰富内涵和人民特质，彰显了大国领袖深厚的人民情怀。这为以高质量发展推进中国式现代化锚定了方向、明确了目标、指明了方法，具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。

I

一

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China.” This is a statement that defines the nature of Chinese-path modernization; it is the overarching and fundamental statement, and it is the fundamental point for comprehensively grasping the Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记指出：“中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化。”这是对中国式现代化定性的话，是管总、管根本的，是全面把握中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求、重大原则的根本点。

The Communist Party of China is the leading core of Chinese-path modernization, and from the nature of the Party it determines that Chinese-path modernization must put people’s livelihood first. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature and the greatest strength of Chinese-path modernization, and it is the highest political principle that must be upheld in advancing Chinese-path modernization. Party leadership not only directly affects the fundamental direction, future and destiny, and ultimate success or failure of Chinese-path modernization, but also directly determines its fundamental purpose. The Communist Party of China is a Marxist political party that serves the people wholeheartedly; this purpose determines that the modernization it leads must always care about the people’s lives, seek more benefits for the people’s livelihood, and resolve more of the people’s concerns in their livelihood. The Party is committed to seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation; this original aspiration determines that the modernization it leads must always focus on the people’s well-being and continuously improve the people’s welfare. The Party adheres to the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics; this ideal determines that the modernization it leads must always seek benefits for the people, strive to promote common prosperity, and realize the comprehensive development of the individual. The Party upholds the mass line and the mass viewpoint; this line and viewpoint determine that the modernization it leads must always be people-centered, trust the people, rely on the people, and serve the people in everything, so that the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly. In short, the Communist Party of China is a political party that puts the people first, and the Chinese-path modernization it leads must inevitably put people’s livelihood first.

中国共产党是中国式现代化的领导核心，从政党性质上决定了中国式现代化必然以民生为大。中国共产党领导是中国式现代化的最本质特征和最大优势，是推进中国式现代化必须坚持的最高政治原则。党的领导不仅直接关系着中国式现代化的根本方向、前途命运和最终成败，也直接决定着中国式现代化的根本目的。中国共产党是全心全意为人民服务的马克思主义政党，这一宗旨决定了其领导的现代化必须始终关心人民生活，多谋民生之利、多解民生之忧；党矢志为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴，这一初心决定了其领导的现代化必须始终关注人民幸福，不断增进人民福祉；党坚守共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想，这一理想决定了其领导的现代化必须始终为人民谋利益，着力推进共同富裕、实现人的全面发展；党坚持群众路线和群众观点，这一路线观点决定了其领导的现代化必须始终以人民为中心，一切相信人民、一切依靠人民、一切为了人民，让现代化建设成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民。总之，中国共产党是坚持人民至上的政党，由其领导的中国式现代化必然以民生为大。

Socialism is the institutional foundation of Chinese-path modernization, and from the nature of the system it determines that Chinese-path modernization must put people’s livelihood first. Upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics is one of the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, and adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is one of the major principles that must be firmly grasped in comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Socialism with Chinese characteristics adheres to the guidance of Marxism, providing an ideological guarantee for safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. The Communist Party of China is a party of the people, and seeking well-being for the people is the Party’s unwavering goal; socialism with Chinese characteristics upholds the leadership of the Communist Party of China, providing a political guarantee for safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. The cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the cause of hundreds of millions of people themselves; the people are the masters in building socialism with Chinese characteristics; socialism with Chinese characteristics upholds the people as the supreme value, providing a value orientation for safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. The system of people’s congresses is the fundamental political system of our country; public ownership as the mainstay with diverse forms of ownership developing together, and distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple modes of distribution coexisting, constitute the basic economic system of our country, providing an institutional guarantee for safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. Emancipating and developing the productive forces is the essential requirement of socialism; socialism with Chinese characteristics adheres to taking economic construction as the central task and regards development as the Party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country, providing a huge material guarantee for safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. Fairness and justice are the inherent requirements and basic principles of socialism; socialism with Chinese characteristics regards promoting fairness and justice as its core value pursuit, providing a basic criterion for safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. Due to the inherent stipulations of the socialist system, Chinese-path modernization will inevitably concretize the people-centered value orientation into various fields of modernization, focus on improving people’s welfare, and strive to realize the people’s good life.

社会主义是中国式现代化的制度根基，从制度性质上决定了中国式现代化必然以民生为大。坚持中国特色社会主义是中国式现代化的本质要求之一，坚持中国特色社会主义道路是全面建设社会主义现代化国家必须牢牢把握的重大原则之一。中国特色社会主义坚持以马克思主义为指导，为保障和改善民生提供了思想保障。中国共产党是人民的政党，为人民谋福祉是党矢志不渝的目标，中国特色社会主义坚持中国共产党领导，为保障和改善民生提供了政治保证。中国特色社会主义事业是亿万人民群众自己的事业，人民群众是建设中国特色社会主义的主人，中国特色社会主义坚持人民至上，为保障和改善民生提供了价值取向。人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度，公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展，按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，是我国的基本经济制度，为保障和改善民生提供了制度保障。解放和发展生产力是社会主义的本质要求，中国特色社会主义坚持以经济建设为中心，把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务，为保障和改善民生提供了巨大的物质保障。公平正义是社会主义的内在要求和基本原则，中国特色社会主义把促进公平正义作为核心价值追求，为保障和改善民生提供了基本准绳。由于社会主义制度的内在规定，中国式现代化必然将以人民为中心的价值导向具体化到现代化建设的各个领域，着力增进民生福祉，致力于实现人民的美好生活。

That Chinese-path modernization puts people’s livelihood first highlights its essential difference from Western modernization, which is centered on capital. The greatest drawback of Western modernization is that it is centered on capital rather than on the people, pursuing the maximization of capital interests, leading to a large gap between rich and poor and serious polarization. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization based on public ownership, guided by core socialist values, and centered on the people; the people-centered character is a distinctive feature of Chinese-path modernization. It not only emphasizes firmly upholding the principal position and standpoint of the people, but also emphasizes taking the people as the goal, realizing common prosperity for all the people and the comprehensive development of the individual. Chinese-path modernization has not only promoted rapid economic and social development and comprehensive progress, but has also promoted the vigorous development of the cause of scientific socialism.

中国式现代化以民生为大，凸显了与以资本为中心的西方现代化的本质区别。西方现代化的最大弊端是以资本为中心而不是以人民为中心，追求资本利益最大化，导致贫富差距大、两极分化严重。中国式现代化是以公有制为基础、以社会主义核心价值观为引领、以人民为中心的现代化，人民性是中国式现代化的鲜明特征。它不仅强调要牢牢坚持人民主体地位、人民立场，也强调要坚持以人民为目的，实现全体人民共同富裕和人的全面发展。中国式现代化不仅推动了经济社会的快速发展和全面进步，而且推动了科学社会主义事业的蓬勃发展。

II

二

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly outlined the strategic arrangements and overall goals for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country, proposing “to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful from 2035 to the middle of this century.” This goal contains rich people’s livelihood needs and construction content.

党的二十大报告对全面建成社会主义现代化强国的战略安排和总体目标作了明确擘画，提出“从二〇三五年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国”。这一目标蕴涵着丰富的民生需求与建设内容。

Realizing common prosperity for all the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people.” Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important feature of Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization insists on taking the realization of the people’s aspiration for a better life as its starting point and goal, fully implements the new development philosophy, accelerates the construction of a new development pattern, and strives to promote high-quality economic development, laying a strong material foundation for realizing common prosperity for all the people. At the same time, it continuously raises the people’s income levels, consciously and actively addresses regional gaps, urban-rural gaps, and income distribution gaps, strives to maintain and promote social fairness and justice, gradually realizes common prosperity for all the people, and resolutely prevents polarization.

实现全体人民共同富裕。习近平总书记指出：“中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。”共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，是中国式现代化的重要特征。中国式现代化坚持把实现人民对美好生活的向往作为出发点和落脚点，全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，着力推动经济高质量发展，为实现全体人民共同富裕奠定了强大的物质基础。同时，不断提高人民收入水平，自觉主动解决地区差距、城乡差距、收入分配差距，着力维护和促进社会公平正义，逐步实现全体人民共同富裕，坚决防止两极分化。

Realizing the people being the masters of the country. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “People’s democracy is the lifeblood of socialism and an essential part of building a modern socialist country in all respects.” Developing socialist democratic politics is an inherent requirement and an important goal of Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of all the people, which inevitably requires a highly developed democratic politics. Advancing Chinese-path modernization, the people are the decisive force, which inevitably requires effectively stimulating the people’s creative vitality. People’s democracy promotes the self-improvement and development of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, enhances the effectiveness of national governance, raises the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and provides a strong institutional guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization adheres to the principal position of the people, vigorously develops whole-process people’s democracy, fully reflects the people’s will, safeguards the people’s rights and interests, stimulates the people’s creative vitality, and ensures that the people are the masters of the country.

实现人民当家作主。习近平总书记强调：“人民民主是社会主义的生命，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的应有之义。”发展社会主义民主政治，是中国式现代化建设的内在要求和重要目标。中国式现代化是全体人民的现代化，必然要求具有高度发达的民主政治。推进中国式现代化建设，人民是决定性力量，必然要求有效激发人民创造活力。人民民主促进中国特色社会主义制度自我完善和发展，提升国家治理的效能，提高国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平，为中国式现代化建设提供坚强的制度保障。中国式现代化建设坚持人民主体地位，大力发展全过程人民民主，充分体现人民意志、保障人民权益、激发人民创造活力，保障人民当家作主。

Realizing the coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress in coordination. Material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment are the fundamental requirements of socialist modernization.” Chinese-path modernization is a modernization of coordinated development and comprehensive progress; it requires not only great material wealth but also great cultural-ethical wealth. Chinese-path modernization takes meeting the people’s cultural-ethical needs as its starting point, vigorously develops advanced socialist culture, strengthens education in ideals and beliefs, strengthens education in ideology, morality, science, and culture, strengthens the supply of public cultural services, enriches the people’s spiritual world, enhances the people’s cultural quality, strengthens the people’s spiritual strength, promotes common prosperity in the people’s spiritual life, and promotes the comprehensive enrichment of things and the comprehensive development of the individual.

实现物质文明和精神文明协调发展。习近平总书记指出：“中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。物质富足、精神富有是社会主义现代化的根本要求。”中国式现代化是协调发展、全面进步的现代化，既要物质财富极大丰富，也要精神财富极大丰富。中国式现代化以满足人民精神文化需求为出发点,大力发展社会主义先进文化，加强理想信念教育，加强思想道德和科学文化教育，强化公共文化服务供给，丰富人民群众精神世界，提升人民文化素质，增强人民精神力量，促进全体人民精神生活共同富裕，促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展。

Realize social harmony and stability. Chinese-path modernization is a people-centered modernization. Enhancing the people’s well-being, improving the quality of the people’s life, and maintaining social harmony and stability are the most important, most central, and most realistic interests of the people, and they are also the fundamental purpose and the pursuit of the people’s livelihood in Chinese-path modernization. By creating enormous material wealth and spiritual wealth and maintaining long-term social harmony and stability, Chinese-path modernization comprehensively strengthens inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, promotes educational equity, promotes high-quality and full employment, improves the distribution system, perfects the social security system, advances the building of a Healthy China, strengthens and innovates social governance, and strives to guarantee and improve the people’s livelihood, making the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security more substantial, more guaranteed, and more sustainable.

实现社会和谐稳定。中国式现代化是以人民为中心的现代化。增进民生福祉、提高人民生活品质、保持社会和谐稳定，是人民群众最重要最核心最现实的利益，也是中国式现代化的根本目的和民生追求。中国式现代化通过创造巨大的物质财富、精神财富和维护社会长期和谐稳定，全面加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，促进教育公平，促进高质量充分就业，完善分配制度，健全社会保障体系，推进健康中国建设，加强和创新社会治理，着力保障和改善民生，使人民获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续。

Realize the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Leaders’ Summit of the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity,” October 12, 2021. Humanity and nature form a community of life. The environment is the people’s livelihood; green mountains are beauty; blue skies are happiness; lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Protecting the environment means protecting productive forces; improving the environment means developing productive forces. In the construction of Chinese-path modernization, we should establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment, protect nature and the ecological environment as we protect our own eyes, coordinate the systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, form a green mode of development and a green way of life, unswervingly follow a civilized development path of production development, affluent living, and sound ecology, build a Beautiful China, and let the people share the beauty of nature, the beauty of life, and the beauty of living amidst lucid waters and lush mountains.

实现人与自然和谐共生。习近平总书记指出：“中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。”人与自然是生命共同体。环境就是民生，青山就是美丽，蓝天也是幸福，绿水青山就是金山银山。保护环境就是保护生产力，改善环境就是发展生产力。在中国式现代化建设中，应树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，像保护眼睛一样保护自然和生态环境，统筹山水林田湖草沙系统治理，形成绿色发展方式和生活方式，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，建设美丽中国，让人民群众在绿水青山中共享自然之美、生命之美和生活之美。

III

三

“In Chinese-path modernization, the people’s livelihood is paramount” is a value orientation, and it is even more a practical requirement. In the New Era and on the new journey, we must adhere to the people-centered development thought, persist in guaranteeing and improving the people’s livelihood through development, work with down-to-earth effort and persevering determination, and realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.

“中国式现代化，民生最大”是价值取向，更是实践要求。新时代新征程，必须坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，脚踏实地、久久为功，实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益。

Continuously realize the people’s aspiration for a better life. To respond to the people’s demands in various aspects and multi-level needs, we must fully implement the new development philosophy, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, build a modernized economic system, promote high-quality economic development, and lay a solid foundation for the people’s material affluence. Actively implement regional and urban-rural coordinated development strategies, and promote common prosperity in the people’s material life while resolving unbalanced and inadequate development. Enrich the forms of the people’s cultural and spiritual life, stimulate the people’s pursuit of high-quality spiritual life, increase the people’s participation in cultural and spiritual activities, and strive to meet the people’s multi-faceted and multi-level needs for cultural and spiritual life. At a higher level, realize childcare, education, employment, medical care, elderly care, housing, and support for the vulnerable, [2]2 This phrase (幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶) is a standard formulation from the 19th National Congress of the CPC report (2017), listing seven basic guarantees the Party aims to provide for all citizens. so that all the people can share the fruits of modernization development. Strive to properly solve the people’s urgent, difficult, and anxious problems, perfect the basic public service system, raise the level of public services, and enhance their balance and accessibility. Strengthen and innovate social governance, maintain social harmony and stability, and ensure that the people live and work in peace and contentment. Adhere to the policy of prioritizing conservation, protection, and natural restoration, and form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, mode of production, and way of life where economic development, resource conservation, and environmental protection are coordinated and mutually reinforcing in a virtuous cycle. Accelerate the green transformation of the development mode and way of life, promote the greening and low-carbon development of the economy and society, and make the skies of China bluer, the mountains greener, the waters clearer, and the environment more beautiful.

不断实现人民对美好生活的向往。回应人民各方面诉求和多层次需要，必须全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，建设现代化经济体系，推动经济高质量发展，为人民物质生活富裕夯实根基。积极实施区域、城乡协调发展战略，在解决发展不平衡不充分中促进人民物质生活共同富裕。丰富人民精神文化生活形式，激发人民对高品质精神生活的追求，提高人民精神文化参与度，着力满足人民多方面、多层次的精神文化生活需求。在更高水平上实现幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶，让全体人民共享现代化发展成果。着力解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题，健全基本公共服务体系，提高公共服务水平，增强均衡性和可及性。加强和创新社会治理，维护社会和谐稳定，确保人民安居乐业。坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，形成经济发展、资源节约、环境保护并重协调、良性循环的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式。加快发展方式和生活方式绿色转型，推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化，让中华大地天更蓝、山更绿、水更清、环境更优美。

Firmly grasp the issues of greatest concern to the people that are most direct and realistic. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “We must implement the people-centered development thought, improve the distribution system, perfect the social security system, strengthen basic public services, secure the bottom line of the people’s livelihood, properly solve the people’s urgent, difficult, and anxious problems, let the fruits of modernization construction benefit all the people more and more fairly, and continuously achieve more obvious substantive progress in promoting common prosperity for all the people.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Central Conference on Economic Work,” December 15, 2022. To this end, we must closely follow the practical needs arising from the changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, firmly grasp the issues of interest and the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems that the people care about most, start from the most specific aspects of the people’s livelihood, and break through from the most prominent problems. Give priority to developing education, effectively promote the integrated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, promote educational equity, improve the quality of education, and build an education system that serves lifelong learning for all. Strive to improve the quality of employment, place high-quality employment and full employment in equally important positions, perfect the policy guarantee system for giving priority to employment, ensuring employment equality, and promoting entrepreneurship to drive employment, improve labor laws and regulations, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and promote full employment and peaceful living for the people. Build a system of institutions for coordinated and complementary primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, encourage getting rich through hard work, and strive to raise the people’s income level. Perfect a multi-tiered social security system that covers all the people, coordinates urban and rural areas, is fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable, improve the national unified system for basic old-age insurance, perfect the system for migrant workers, flexible employees, and employees in new forms of employment to participate in social insurance, perfect a comprehensive social assistance system, and secure the bottom line of the people’s livelihood. Advance the building of a Healthy China, promote the expansion of high-quality medical resources and their balanced regional distribution, and realize benign interaction and common development among medical insurance, medical services, and pharmaceuticals.

紧紧抓住人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。习近平总书记强调：“要贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，完善分配制度，健全社会保障体系，强化基本公共服务，兜牢民生底线，解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，在推进全体人民共同富裕上不断取得更为明显的实质性进展。”为此，必须紧扣我国社会主要矛盾变化所产生的现实需要，紧紧抓住人民群众最关心的利益问题和急难愁盼问题，从最具体的民生发力，从最突出的问题突破。优先发展教育事业，切实推进城乡义务教育一体化发展，促进教育公平，提高教育质量，构建服务全民终身学习的教育体系。着力提高就业质量，将高质量就业和充分就业置于同等重要的地位，完善就业优先、就业平等、以创业促就业政策保障体系，健全劳动法律法规，维护劳动者的合法权益，促进人民群众充分就业和安居乐业。构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系，鼓励勤劳致富，努力提高人民收入水平。健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、安全规范、可持续的多层次社会保障体系，完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度，健全农民工、灵活就业人员、新业态就业人员参加社会保险制度，完善综合型社会救助制度，兜牢民生底线。推进健康中国建设，促进优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局，实现医保、医疗、医药之间的良性互动与共同发展。

Secure the bottom line, highlight key points, perfect institutions, and guide expectations. “Securing the bottom line” means adhering to the basic principle that “social policies must provide a safety net,” weaving and tightening the bottom of the net of the people’s livelihood security system, and forming a social fairness security system centered on guaranteeing basic living standards. “Highlighting key points” means that in livelihood construction, we must grasp key groups, key regions, and key areas, implement precise policies, and act with a clear target, ensuring that no individual is left behind, no region is left behind, and no ethnic group is left behind. “Perfecting institutions” means further perfecting institutions in the areas of education, employment, income, medical care, housing, and social security, especially the income distribution system, the medical insurance system, and the social security system, promoting equalization of basic public services, and perfecting a more inclusive, fair, and sustainable institutional system for the people’s livelihood. “Guiding expectations” means creating a public opinion environment in society that values “getting rich through hard work” and “glory in getting rich,” and forming a reasonable understanding that the level of security corresponds to the level of development.

守住底线、突出重点、完善制度、引导预期。“守住底线”，就是坚持“社会政策要托底”的基本原则，织密扎牢民生保障网的网底，形成以保障基本生活为主的社会公平保障体系。“突出重点”，就是民生建设要抓住重点群体、重点地区、重点领域，精准施策，有的放矢，不能让一个群众落下、不能让一个地区落下、不能让一个民族落下。“完善制度”，就是要进一步完善教育、就业、收入、医疗、住房、社保等民生方面的制度，特别是收入分配制度、医疗保险制度和社会保障制度，促进基本公共服务均等化，健全更加普惠、公平、可持续的民生制度体系。“引导预期”，就是在社会中营造“勤劳致富”、“致富光荣”的舆论环境，形成保障水平与发展水平相适应的合理认识。

Persist in doing one’s utmost while acting within one’s capacity. Livelihood construction must proceed from China’s national conditions; we must both do our utmost to meet the needs of the masses to the greatest extent and follow objective laws and actual capabilities, avoiding aiming too high or engaging in fraud and deception. Livelihood construction must both proceed step by step according to priorities and urgency and be persistently pursued without letup, handling one matter after another and working year after year, ensuring that every task has a result and every matter has a response, so that the masses obtain more and more lasting tangible benefits. Livelihood construction must both adhere to the unified leadership of the Party, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the masses, and let every member of the masses participate in livelihood construction, and firmly adhere to the development concept of co-building and sharing, so that everyone can enjoy the fruits of modernization construction. Accelerate the promotion of urban-rural integration construction, further emphasize fairness, tilt livelihood resources toward rural areas, the western region, and vulnerable groups, and continuously narrow the livelihood gap between urban and rural areas, between regions, and between groups.

坚持尽力而为、量力而行。民生建设要从中国国情出发，既要尽力做好并最大限度地满足群众需求，又要遵循客观规律和实际能力，切忌好高骛远、弄虚作假。民生建设既要按轻重缓急循序推进，又要常抓不懈长久坚持下去，一件事情接着一件事情办，一年接着一年干，做到件件有着落、事事有回音，让群众得到更多、更持久的实惠。民生建设既要坚持党的统一领导，充分调动人民群众的积极性、主动性和创造性，让每名群众都参与到民生建设中来，又要牢牢坚持共建共享的发展理念，使每个人都能享受到现代化建设的民生成果。加快推进城乡一体化建设，进一步注重公平，将民生资源向农村、西部和弱势群体倾斜，不断缩小城乡之间、区域之间、群体之间的民生差距。

(Author: Tenured Professor at the School of Marxism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Researcher at the Shanghai Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

（作者：上海交通大学马克思主义学院长聘教授，上海市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心