Closely Centering on Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization to Further Deepen Reform Comprehensively

The current period and the period to come is a crucial period for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization has been steadily advanced in the course of reform and opening up, and it will surely open up broad prospects through reform and opening up. Faced with the complex and ever-changing international and domestic situations, faced with a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and faced with the new expectations of the people, it is necessary to continue pushing reform forward. The *Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization* (hereinafter referred to as the *Decision*) emphasizes promoting better alignment between relations of production and productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development, so as to provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. Reform and opening up is always ongoing and will never be completed; it is necessary to consciously place reform in a more prominent position, closely centering on advancing Chinese-path modernization to further deepen reform comprehensively.

当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的，也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景。面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，面对人民群众新期待，必须继续把改革推向前进。《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）强调，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。改革开放只有进行时，没有完成时，必须自觉把改革摆在更加突出位置，紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革。

1. Further Deepen Reform Comprehensively to Form New-Type Relations of Production Compatible with New Quality Productive Forces

1.进一步全面深化改革，形成与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系

The fundamental driving mechanism for the evolution of forms of human civilization is the contradictory movement between productive forces and relations of production. Productive forces are the fundamental driving force of human social development and also the ultimate cause of all social changes and political transformations. Marx pointed out that "all changes in people's productive forces necessarily cause changes in their relations of production," meaning that the practical activities of a subject must make relations of production conform to the needs of the development of productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "to develop new quality productive forces, it is necessary to further deepen reform comprehensively and form new-type relations of production compatible with them." The *Decision* emphasizes: "High-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects. It is necessary to guide reform with the new development philosophy, base ourselves on the new stage of development, deepen supply-side structural reform, improve the incentive and constraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and shape new drivers and new advantages for development." To improve the institutions and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions and to advance Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development inevitably requires vigorously developing advanced productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality; the new technologies and new industries required for developing new quality productive forces inevitably require, through further deepening reform comprehensively, forming a matching economic system, science and technology system, industrial policy, etc., thereby unblocking the bottlenecks and blockages that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, and building an institutional system and governance system that adapts to the development of new quality productive forces. In summary, it is to form new-type relations of production compatible with new quality productive forces through further deepening reform comprehensively.

人类文明形态演进根本的动力机制是生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动，生产力是人类社会发展的根本动力，也是一切社会变迁和政治变革的终极原因。马克思指出，“人们生产力的一切变化必然引起他们的生产关系的变化”，即主体的文明实践一定要使生产关系符合生产力发展的需要。习近平总书记指出，“发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系”。《决定》强调：“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。必须以新发展理念引领改革，立足新发展阶段，深化供给侧结构性改革，完善推动高质量发展激励约束机制，塑造发展新动能新优势。”健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制，以高质量发展推进中国式现代化，必然要求大力发展具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征的先进生产力质态；发展新质生产力所要求的新技术和新产业，必然要求通过进一步全面深化改革形成与之相匹配的经济体制、科技体制、产业政策等，从而打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点、卡点，建设适应新质生产力发展的制度体系与治理体系。概言之，就是通过进一步全面深化改革形成与新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系。

Developing new quality productive forces requires forming new-type relations of production compatible with them, and forming new-type relations of production relies on further deepening reform comprehensively. The reason why developing new quality productive forces requires forming new-type relations of production compatible with them is, at the theoretical level, fundamentally because relations of production can either become the "midwife" and "accelerator" for the emergence of new technological revolutions and the development of productive forces, or become "fetters" and "inhibitors." When existing relations of production find it difficult to meet the development needs of new quality productive forces, they become bottlenecks restricting their development. At the practical level, it is precisely through continuously adjusting relations of production that China has stimulated the vitality of social productive forces, and through continuously improving the superstructure that it has adapted to the development requirements of the economic base, thereby achieving continuous breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, strong momentum from innovation-driven development, and steady progress in strategic emerging industries, laying a solid foundation for developing new quality productive forces. Therefore, the "newness" of new quality productive forces inevitably requires the "newness" of relations of production; the two cannot be separated.

发展新质生产力必须形成与之相适应的新型生产关系，形成新型生产关系必须依靠进一步全面深化改革。之所以说发展新质生产力必须形成与之相适应的新型生产关系，从理论层面讲，根本在于生产关系既可能成为新技术革命产生和生产力发展的“催生婆”和“加速器”，也可能成为“桎梏”和“抑制器”。当原有的生产关系难以满足新质生产力的发展需求，就会成为制约其发展的瓶颈。从实践层面讲，我国正是通过不断调整生产关系激发了社会生产力发展活力，通过不断完善上层建筑适应了经济基础发展要求，从而取得科技创新不断突破，创新驱动动能强劲，战略性新兴产业势头稳健的成绩，为发展新质生产力奠定了坚实基础。所以，新质生产力之“新”也必然要求生产关系之“新”，二者不可剥离。

Promoting the formation of new-type relations of production must rely on further deepening reform comprehensively. This is not only a major theoretical issue but also a major practical issue. New quality productive forces take the leap in the workforce, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination as their basic connotation; the process of this leap is inevitably the process of forming new-type relations of production. However, as relations of production under socialism with Chinese characteristics, the formation process of new-type relations of production can only be adjusted and optimized through institutional and mechanism changes. Only through further deepening reform comprehensively can the old relations of production that hinder the development of new quality productive forces be broken, and new-type relations of production that develop and protect new quality productive forces be formed. The *Decision* emphasizes "improving the institutions and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions." To this end, it is necessary to promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries; promote the optimized combination and updated leap of the workforce, means of labor, and subjects of labor; give birth to new industries, new models, and new drivers; and develop productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. Improve relevant rules and policies, accelerate the formation of new-type relations of production compatible with new quality productive forces, promote the concentration of all types of advanced production factors towards the development of new quality productive forces, and substantially increase total factor productivity. Build institutions and mechanisms to support comprehensive innovation, coordinate and advance the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems, improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide [1]1 The new system for mobilizing resources nationwide (新型举国体制) refers to a contemporary Chinese institutional mechanism for concentrating national resources to achieve breakthroughs in key strategic areas, particularly science and technology, adapted from the earlier planned-economy model., enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society, and achieve the optimization of resource allocation efficiency and the maximization of benefits.

推动新型生产关系形成必须依靠进一步全面深化改革，这不仅是一个重大理论问题，更是一个重大实践问题。新质生产力以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，这一跃升的过程必然是新型生产关系形成的过程。但新型生产关系作为中国特色社会主义生产关系，其形成过程只能通过体制机制变革进行调整和优化，只有通过进一步全面深化改革，才能破除阻碍新质生产力发展的旧的生产关系，形成发展、保护新质生产力的新型生产关系。《决定》强调，“健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”。为此必须推动技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级，推动劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象优化组合和更新跃升，催生新产业、新模式、新动能，发展以高科技、高效能、高质量为特征的生产力。健全相关规则和政策，加快形成同新质生产力相适应的新型生产关系，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，大幅提升全要素生产率。构建支持全面创新体制机制，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化。

2. Take Economic System Reform as the Driving Force, Continuously Adapt the Superstructure to the Development of the Economic Base

2.以经济体制改革为牵引，不断适应经济基础发展完善上层建筑

The economic base determines the superstructure, the superstructure reacts upon the economic base, and the superstructure must be compatible with the economic base. This is a basic principle of Marxism and also an important perspective for us to understand the fundamental contradictions of society. The great practice of reform and opening up over more than forty years teaches us that the correct way to resolve the fundamental contradictions of socialist society is to continuously deepen reform. As Chinese-path modernization continues to advance, it is necessary to push the socialist system with Chinese characteristics towards continuous improvement, to use the method of comprehensively deepening reform to discard certain aspects and links of the superstructure that are incompatible with the economic base, and to continuously improve the superstructure that adapts to the development of the economic base.

经济基础决定上层建筑，上层建筑反作用于经济基础，上层建筑要与经济基础相适应，这是马克思主义基本原理，也是我们认识社会基本矛盾的重要视角。改革开放四十多年的伟大实践启示我们，解决社会主义社会基本矛盾的正确方式就是不断深化改革。中国式现代化不断推进，需要推动中国特色社会主义制度不断走向完善，用全面深化改革的方式摒弃不适应经济基础的上层建筑的某些方面和环节，不断完善适应经济基础发展的上层建筑。

The *Decision* points out that a high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [2]2 The 18th National Congress of the CPC, held in 2012, marked the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping's leadership and the initiation of a new round of comprehensive reforms., our Party has resolutely eliminated institutional and mechanism drawbacks in various aspects, achieving a transformation from partial exploration and breaking through ice to systematic integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional frameworks in various fields have been basically established, and many fields have achieved historic transformations, systematic reshaping, and overall reconstruction. Giving full play to the driving role of economic system reform, positive results have been achieved in building a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system; the macroeconomic governance system has been continuously improved; the modern industrial system has grown and strengthened; the new system for an open economy has been accelerated; and the capacity for economic security has been continuously enhanced, greatly promoting the development of productive forces and greatly enhancing the vitality of the Party and the state. Reform and opening up is always ongoing and will never be completed. To closely center on advancing Chinese-path modernization to further deepen reform comprehensively, it is necessary to further adjust, through the method of reform, the superstructure that is incompatible with the economic base, especially to continuously achieve breakthroughs and innovations in key, fundamental, and major reforms of the economic system, to liberate and develop productive forces, and to promote high-quality economic development.

《决定》指出，高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障。党的十八大以来，我们党坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端，实现改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，各领域基础性制度框架基本建立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构。充分发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用，统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系建设取得积极成效，宏观经济治理体系不断健全，现代化产业体系发展壮大，开放型经济新体制加快建立，经济安全保障能力持续提升，极大促进了生产力发展，极大增强了党和国家的生机活力。改革开放只有进行时，没有完成时。紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革，要进一步通过改革的方式调整与经济基础不相适应的上层建筑，特别是要不断在经济体制关键性基础性重大改革上实现突破创新，解放和发展生产力，推动经济高质量发展。

Currently, the institutional and mechanism obstacles to advancing Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development are mainly concentrated in the economic field. It is necessary to better leverage the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, and fully unleash the potential of economic system reform. This also requires us to focus on building a high-level socialist market economy system and leverage the driving role of economic system reform to drive reforms in other aspects and systems. The *Decision* makes important expositions on this: it is necessary to adhere to and implement the "two unswervinglys" [3]3 The "two unswervinglys" (两个毫不动摇) is a standard Party formulation first introduced in 2002, affirming equal commitment to both the public and non-public sectors of the economy., that is, unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy. Build a unified national market, promote the unification of basic market system rules, fair and unified market supervision, and high-standard connectivity of market infrastructure. Improve the basic systems of the market economy, especially improve the property rights system, protect the property rights of all forms of ownership equally and for a long time according to law, and establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system. Through the above measures, promote the compatibility of the superstructure with the economic base, and advance the development of Chinese-path modernization that is higher in quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable.

当前，以高质量发展推进中国式现代化的体制机制障碍主要集中在经济领域，必须更好发挥市场机制作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，让经济体制改革的潜力充分释放出来。这也要求我们聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，发挥经济体制改革的牵引作用带动其他各方面体制改革。《决定》对此作出了重要论述，要坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，即毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。构建全国统一大市场，推动市场基础制度规则统一、市场监管公平统一、市场设施高标准联通。完善市场经济基础制度，尤其是完善产权制度，依法平等长久保护各种所有制经济产权，建立高效的知识产权综合管理体制。通过以上举措，推动上层建筑同经济基础相适应，推进中国式现代化更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的发展。

Regarding the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively, the “Decision” points out that we must continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. By 2035, we will have fully established a high-level socialist market economy system, further perfected the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, basically realized the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, basically realized socialist modernization, and laid a solid foundation for fully building a modern socialist country by the middle of this century. Economic system reform must lead, drive, and coordinately advance reforms in areas such as the whole-process people’s democracy system, the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, cultural systems and mechanisms, the livelihood security system, the ecological civilization system, and the Party building system, paying attention to the interconnectedness and coupling of reforms in various fields, and promoting deep integration and efficient linkage between reform and development. Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project that requires overall consideration, systematic planning, and holistic advancement. This demands strengthening the linkage and integration of reforms across all fields, achieving a combination of long-term and short-term goals, vertical coherence, and content coordination. The coordination of policy orientations, the mutual promotion during implementation, and the complementarity of reform outcomes among linked reforms at various levels and tiers, as well as specific reform measures outside the main framework, still need to be further enhanced. Only then can various reforms resonate in unison, breaking down all ideological concepts and institutional drawbacks that hinder the development of social productive forces.

关于进一步全面深化改革的总目标，《决定》指出，继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。到二〇三五年，全面建成高水平社会主义市场经济体制，中国特色社会主义制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，基本实现社会主义现代化，为到本世纪中叶全面建成社会主义现代化强国奠定坚实基础。经济体制改革要牵引带动和协同推进全过程人民民主制度体系、中国特色社会主义法治体系、文化体制机制、民生制度体系、生态文明体制和党的建设制度等领域的改革，注重各领域改革的关联性和耦合性，推动改革和发展深度融合、高效联动。推进中国式现代化是一个系统工程，需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进。这就要求强化各领域改革联动和集成，做到远近结合、上下贯通、内容协调。各层面和层级的联动性改革以及主体框架之外的各项具体改革措施在政策取向上的配合度、在实施过程中的促进度、在改革成效上的互补度还需要进一步增强，这样才能使各项改革同频共振，破除一切阻碍社会生产力发展的思想观念和体制机制弊端。

3. Promoting Better Alignment between National Governance and Social Development

3.推动国家治理和社会发展更好相适应

Both domestic and international experience shows that development and stability are the two core tasks in the process of modernization, and whether the relationship between the two can be properly handled is key to the smooth progress of modernization. Looking back at China’s history of reform and opening up, it can be seen that a positive interactive relationship has formed among reform and opening up, economic and social progress, and improvements in living standards. Reform and opening up have driven tremendous economic and social development in China, and economic and social development has taken the improvement of the people’s material and cultural living standards as its core goal. The improvement of people’s living standards has, in turn, strongly promoted economic and social development. A sound institutional environment brings good social order and a stable social ecology. To further deepen reform comprehensively, in addition to liberating and developing social productive forces, it is also necessary to form a governance system and governance capacity that match a modernized country. Therefore, the “Decision” proposes in the “Guiding Ideology for Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively” to further liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, and emphasizes in the “Principles for Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively” to adhere to the main line of institutional improvement, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, establish the new while abolishing the old, prioritize establishment before abolition, consolidate fundamental institutions, improve basic institutions, and innovate important institutions. The optimization of the institutional environment is crucial for the further advancement of the modernization process. This requires that further deepening reform comprehensively must intensify efforts to regulate the behavior of multiple entities such as the government, enterprises, and society, clarify their respective rights and responsibilities, ensure the long-term stability and continuity of the Party’s and the state’s political decisions and policy commitments, continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and provide institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization.

国内外经验都表明，发展与稳定是现代化进程中的两大核心任务，能否处理好两者的关系，是现代化建设能否顺利推进的关键。回顾我国改革开放史可以发现，改革开放、经济社会进步、生活水平提升之间形成了良好的互动关系。改革开放推动了中国经济社会的极大发展，经济社会发展又以提高人民的物质文化生活水平为核心目标，人民生活水平的提高，也有力地推动了经济社会发展。良好的制度环境带来的是良好的社会秩序和稳定的社会生态，进一步全面深化改革，除了要解放和发展社会生产力，还要形成与现代化国家相匹配的治理体系和治理能力。因此，《决定》在“进一步全面深化改革的指导思想”中提出要进一步解放和发展社会生产力、激发和增强社会活力，在“进一步全面深化改革的原则”中强调坚持以制度建设为主线，加强顶层设计、总体谋划，破立并举、先立后破，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，创新重要制度。体制环境的优化对于现代化进程的进一步推进至关重要，这就要求进一步全面深化改革必须在规范政府、企业、社会等多元主体的行为，明确各自权责，让党和国家的政治决策和政策承诺具有长期性稳定性方面加大力度，继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，为中国式现代化提供制度保障。

National governance and social development must be mutually coordinated and unified, integrated into the path of Chinese-path modernization, and committed to creating a new form of human civilization. On the one hand, national governance must take the comprehensive development of the individual and the overall progress of society as its value orientation. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is an inevitable requirement for achieving long-term national stability and national rejuvenation when China’s economic and social development reaches a specific stage. It is necessary to internally unify national governance with the people’s needs for a better life and the comprehensive development of the individual. On the other hand, social development must create space and provide support for deepening national governance. Only by continuously liberating and developing productive forces, stimulating and enhancing social vitality, and maintaining relatively rapid economic growth can national governance proceed smoothly. Specifically, aligning national governance with social development requires handling a series of important relationships. First, an “effective market” and a “competent government” complement each other: through effective market mechanisms, efficient allocation of production factor resources is achieved, transforming them into actual productive forces; through a competent government, a macro-control system is established and improved, public services are provided, market supervision is strengthened, and various risks and challenges are prevented and resolved. It is necessary to both “enliven” and “manage well,” maintaining market order and remedying market failures while stimulating the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society. Second, “making the cake bigger” and “distributing the cake well” proceed simultaneously, coordinating production and distribution, efficiency and fairness, and growth and demand. “Making the cake” is the premise and foundation; “distributing the cake” is the goal and vision. Further deepening reform comprehensively must take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the people’s well-being as its starting point and ultimate goal. Third, a dynamic balance is achieved between freedom, vitality, and good order: the mechanism by which the market evaluates the contribution of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data and determines remuneration according to contribution is improved; at the same time, the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk monitoring and early warning system are perfected, achieving a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. Fourth, material civilization and cultural-ethical progress develop in a coordinated manner: adhering to development as the top priority, continuously liberating and developing social productive forces to provide strong material and technological support for Chinese-path modernization; at the same time, through cultural-ethical progress, cultural confidence is enhanced, advanced socialist culture is developed, revolutionary culture is promoted, fine traditional Chinese culture is inherited, the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education is advanced, and the institutional mechanisms for cultivating and practicing core socialist values are improved, forming values, cultural conditions, public opinion forces, and a social environment conducive to social development, providing strong spiritual motivation and intellectual support for socialist modernization.

国家治理和社会发展要相互协调、相互统一，融汇于中国式现代化发展道路之中，致力于创造人类文明新形态。一方面，国家治理要以人的全面发展和社会全面进步为价值取向。国家治理体系与治理能力现代化是我国经济社会发展到特定阶段，实现国家长治久安和民族复兴的必然要求，要把国家治理与人民的美好生活需要、人的全面发展内在统一起来。另一方面，社会发展要为深化国家治理创造空间和提供支撑，只有不断解放和发展生产力，激发和增强社会活力，保持经济较快增长，国家治理才能顺利推进。具体而言，国家治理与社会发展相适应，要求处理好一系列重要关系，一是“有效市场”与“有为政府”相互补充，通过有效市场机制实现生产要素资源的高效配置，使生产要素资源转化为现实的生产力，通过有为政府建立健全宏观调控体系、提供公共服务、强化市场监管、防范化解各种风险挑战，既“放得活”又“管得住”，既要维护市场秩序、弥补市场失灵，又要激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。二是“做大蛋糕”和“分好蛋糕”同步推进，使生产和分配、效率和公平、增长和需求之间相协调，“做蛋糕”是前提和基础，“分蛋糕”是目标和愿景，进一步全面深化改革要以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点。三是自由活力与良好秩序动态平衡，健全劳动、资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等生产要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的机制，同时，完善国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、风险监测预警体系等，实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。四是物质文明和精神文明协调发展，坚持以发展为第一要务，不断解放和发展社会生产力，为中国式现代化提供强大的物质技术支撑，同时通过精神文明建设增强文化自信，发展社会主义先进文化，弘扬革命文化，传承中华优秀传统文化，推动理想信念教育常态化制度化，完善培育和践行社会主义核心价值观制度机制，形成有利于社会发展的价值观念、文化条件、舆论力量和社会环境，为社会主义现代化建设提供强大精神动力和智力支持。

(Author: Wei Chuanguang, Distinguished Researcher of the Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Dean of the School of Marxism, Jinan University)

（作者：魏传光，系广东省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员，暨南大学马克思主义学院院长）

Online Editor: Tongxin

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