Striving to Paint a New Ecological Picture of Livable, Workable, and Harmonious Countryside Construction

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “An important task in implementing the rural revitalization strategy is to promote green development modes and lifestyles, to make ecology beautiful and the environment pleasant, and to reproduce the beautiful picture of clear waters and green mountains, blue skies and green fields, and beautiful villages with harmonious people.” The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed “building livable, workable, and harmonious countryside.” From “beautiful countryside” to “harmonious countryside,” this reflects the profound grasp of the laws of rural construction by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and fully embodies the vision and expectations of hundreds of millions of farmers for building a beautiful homeland and living a better life. In the New Era and on the new journey, building a livable, workable, and harmonious countryside has far-reaching historical significance and major practical significance for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.

习近平总书记指出：“实施乡村振兴战略，一个重要任务就是推行绿色发展方式和生活方式，让生态美起来、环境靓起来，再现山清水秀、天蓝地绿、村美人和的美丽画卷。”党的二十大报告提出“建设宜居宜业和美乡村”。从“美丽乡村”到“和美乡村”，体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对乡村建设规律的深刻把握，充分反映了亿万农民对建设美丽家园、过上美好生活的愿景和期盼。新时代新征程，建设宜居宜业和美乡村，对于推进乡村全面振兴具有深远的历史意义和重大的现实意义。

I. Remarkable Achievements in the Construction of an Ecological, Livable, Workable, and Harmonious Countryside in the New Era

一、新时代生态宜居宜业和美乡村建设成绩斐然

General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that we must protect the natural ecology, combine the features of traditional villages with modern elements, and make the countryside more beautiful. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China’s rural ecological conditions have significantly improved, the rural landscape has taken on a new look, and rural human ecology, natural ecology, and industrial ecology have advanced in synergy and integrated development.

习近平总书记强调，保护好自然生态，把传统村落风貌和现代元素结合起来，把乡村建设得更美丽。党的十八大以来，我国乡村生态条件明显改善，乡村面貌焕然一新，农村人文生态、自然生态、产业生态协同共进、融合发展。

The concept of ecological civilization has taken root in the hearts of the people. The concept of ecological civilization manifests the value orientation of livable village design and planning, indicates the direction for the revitalization of workable village industries, and meets the inherent requirements for improving the natural ecology and living environment of harmonious villages. In recent years, rural grassroots Party organizations have adhered to an ecological and green orientation, upheld the ecological civilization concept of respecting, conforming to, and protecting nature, providing the correct development direction for the construction of livable, workable, and harmonious countryside; they have insisted on cultural continuity, emphasized the unity of ecological and humanistic values, focused on protecting traditional rural culture and folk customs, and promoted green, low-carbon lifestyles. In the practice of guiding the construction of livable, workable, and harmonious countryside with the concept of ecological civilization, rural grassroots Party organizations have, through extensive publicity of ecological civilization construction policies and green environmental protection concepts, actively told the “story of ecological civilization,” bringing about gratifying changes in the people’s environmental awareness and living habits, and allowing the concept of ecological civilization to take root in the hearts of the people.

生态文明理念润民心。生态文明理念彰显宜居乡村设计和规划的价值取向，昭示宜业乡村产业振兴的方向，契合和美乡村自然生态和生活环境改善的内在要求。近年来，农村基层党组织坚持以生态、绿色为导向，坚持尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，为宜居宜业和美乡村建设提供了正确的发展导向；坚持文化的传承性，强调生态和人文价值的统一，注重保护传统乡村文化和民俗，提倡绿色、低碳的生活方式。在生态文明理念引领宜居宜业和美乡村建设实践中，农村基层党组织通过广泛宣讲生态文明建设政策、绿色环保理念，积极讲好“生态文明故事”，使群众的环保卫生意识和生活行为习惯发生可喜的转变，让生态文明理念深入民心。

The protection and restoration of rural natural ecology have been solid and effective. A good natural environment is an important goal of harmonious village construction and an important ecological foundation for the people’s aspiration for a high-quality lifestyle. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the need to “treat the ecological environment like life.” In recent years, the restoration and governance of the natural ecological environment have been carried out successively. Departments at all levels, following the holistic and systematic characteristics of the rural ecosystem, have implemented overall protection and systematic restoration of forest ecosystems, water ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, etc., to maintain a balanced and orderly state between organisms and between organisms and non-organisms; they have strengthened the protection of farmland ecosystems and revitalized existing rural construction land; they have protected rural features, restored historical context, guarded lucid waters and lush mountains, preserved rural authenticity, and reproduced the ecological picture of blue skies and white clouds, clear waters and gentle waves, and beautiful villages with harmonious people.

乡村自然生态保护与修复扎实有效。良好的自然环境是和美乡村建设的重要目标，也是广大民众向往优质生活方式的重要生态基础。习近平总书记多次强调，要“像对待生命一样对待生态环境”。近年来，自然生态环境修复治理陆续开展，各级部门按照乡村生态系统的整体性、系统性特点，对森林生态系统、水域生态系统、草地生态系统等实行整体保护、系统修复，以保护生物之间、生物与非生物之间平衡、有序的状态；强化耕地生态系统保护，盘活乡村存量建设用地；保护乡村风貌、修复历史文脉，守护绿水青山，保持乡村原真，再现蓝天白云、碧水清波、村美人和的生态画卷。

The rural living environment has significantly improved. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party and the government have successively formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures related to the improvement of the rural living environment, which has significantly improved. The battle to defend clean soil and the battle to control agricultural and rural pollution are the main battlefields for winning the battle against pollution. In the practice of rural governance, the Party Central Committee has insisted on precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, and the systems for rural garbage and domestic sewage treatment have been gradually improved. First, the comprehensive treatment of rural garbage has been solidly advanced, and the integrated development of urban and rural sanitation has been vigorously promoted. In 2023, the proportion of administrative villages with household garbage collection and transportation treatment remained above 90%, and more than 95% of villages nationwide carried out cleaning campaigns. Second, the treatment of rural domestic sewage and black and odorous water bodies has been comprehensively carried out. In 2023, the penetration rate of sanitary toilets in rural areas nationwide exceeded 73%, and the rural domestic sewage treatment (control) rate reached over 40%. Third, the appearance of villages has been comprehensively improved according to local conditions. The development of rural roads has shifted from a scale-speed type to a quality-efficiency type. Rural infrastructure has been continuously improved, the supporting facilities for public services have been improved, and the protection, inheritance, and revitalization and utilization of traditional villages have advanced in step. The construction of ecologically livable and harmonious villages has been solidly promoted.

农村人居环境明显改善。党的十八大以来，党和政府接连制定实施了一系列与农村人居环境建设相关的政策措施，农村人居环境明显改善。净土保卫战和农业农村污染治理攻坚战是打赢污染防治攻坚战的主战场。在乡村治理实践中，党中央坚持精准治污、科学治污、依法治污，农村垃圾和生活污水治理体系等逐步健全。一是农村垃圾综合治理扎实推进，全力推动城乡环卫一体化发展。2023年，生活垃圾得到收运处理的行政村比例保持在90%以上，全国开展清洁行动的村庄超过95%。二是全面开展农村生活污水和黑臭水体治理，2023年全国农村卫生厕所普及率超过73%，农村生活污水治理（管控）率达到40%以上。三是因地制宜全面改善村容村貌，农村公路发展由规模速度型向质量效益型转变，农村基础设施不断完善，公共服务设施配套得以改善，传统村落保护、传承和活化利用“齐步走”，生态宜居的和美乡村建设扎实推进。

The quality and efficiency of the ecological development of the agricultural industry have been significant. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that rural revitalization must make efforts in industrial ecologization and ecological industrialization, and continue to strengthen and expand industries such as organic agricultural product production, rural tourism, and leisure agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, with energy conservation, emission reduction, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement as the main goals, various regions across the country have actively explored new sustainable development paths for “agricultural industrial ecologization.” First, agricultural water-saving projects have been steadily implemented. Agricultural water-saving policies have been continuously optimized, and a system of engineering, technology, and management mechanisms has been actively constructed to improve the effective utilization rate of farmland irrigation water. Second, the project for the resource utilization of agricultural waste has been steadily advanced. In 2023, the pace of green agricultural development in China accelerated, with the comprehensive utilization rates of livestock and poultry manure, straw, and agricultural film exceeding 78%, 88%, and 80% respectively, using the “green” concept to yield “golden” harvests. Third, clean agricultural production has achieved remarkable results, with the continuous promotion of reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides while increasing efficiency. Fourth, focusing on the ecological “agriculture+” model, the agricultural structure has been optimized and characteristic industries have been cultivated. The construction of an ecological and low-carbon agricultural industrialization has been promoted. As of the end of 2023, more than 68,000 green and organic agricultural products had been certified, and the comprehensive utilization rate of agricultural products and processing by-products has steadily increased. Since 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has launched a pilot project for green manure-crop rotation agriculture, implementing it on a county-wide basis in 299 counties in major livestock provinces, major grain and vegetable production areas, and key ecological protection areas.

农业产业生态化发展质效显著。习近平总书记强调，乡村振兴要在产业生态化和生态产业化上下功夫，继续做强做大有机农产品生产、乡村旅游、休闲农业等产业。党的十八大以来，以节能减排、提质增效为主要目标，全国各地积极探索“农业产业生态化”的可持续发展新路。一是农业节水工程稳步实施。不断优化农业节水政策，积极构建工程、技术、管理机制体系，提升农田灌溉水有效利用率。二是农业废弃物资源化利用工程稳步推进。2023年我国农业绿色发展步伐加快，畜禽粪污综合利用率、秸秆综合利用率、农膜处置率分别超过78%、88%、80%，用“绿色”理念催生“金色”收获。三是农业清洁生产成效明显，持续推动化肥农药施用减量增效。四是聚焦生态“农业+”，调优农业结构、打造特色产业。推动生态低碳农业产业化建设，截至2023年底，认定绿色、有机农产品超过6.8万个，农产品及加工副产物综合利用率稳步提升。2021年以来，农业农村部启动实施绿色种养循环农业试点，在畜牧大省、粮食和蔬菜主产区、生态保护重点区域299个县整县推行。

II. The Construction of an Ecological and Harmonious Countryside Is Still in a Critical Period of Improving Quality and Efficiency

二、生态和美乡村建设仍处于提质增效的攻坚期

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection that “the construction of an ecological civilization is still in a critical period of superimposed pressures and heavy burdens.” It is necessary to build a harmonious countryside with a higher stance, broader vision, higher pattern, and greater efforts, where humans and nature coexist harmoniously, the ecology is beautiful and livable, and the agricultural industry is ecologized.

习近平总书记在全国生态环境保护大会上强调，“生态文明建设仍处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期”。必须以更高站位、更宽视野、更高格局、更大力度建设人与自然和谐共生、美丽生态宜居、农业产业生态化的和美乡村。

The burden of protecting and restoring the rural natural environment is heavy. The protection and restoration of the rural natural environment is a systematic project to maintain and improve the quantity, quality, function, and other characteristics of rural natural resources. After years of unremitting efforts, the protection and restoration of China’s rural natural environment has shown a good trend of “overall improvement and accelerated improvement,” but the protection and restoration of rural natural resources is a long-term task that cannot be accomplished overnight. Long-term planning is still needed in areas such as protecting aquatic biodiversity, protecting rural topography and landforms, water bodies and mountains, reservoirs and ponds, and ditches, systematically managing mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and systematically restoring the rural ecological environment. It is necessary to accelerate the implementation of aquatic biological resource surveys, monitoring, assessment, and ecological compensation measures, increase the rural greening rate, the utilization rate of improved forest tree varieties, and the transformation rate of low-yield and low-efficiency forests, improve and perfect the regulatory system for nature reserves and ecological protection red lines, and establish dynamic monitoring and assessment systems and risk early warning mechanisms for ecosystems.

农村自然环境保护和修复担子重大。农村自然环境保护和修复是维持和改良农村自然资源数量、质量和功能等性状的系统工程。经过多年不懈努力，我国农村自然环境保护和修复呈现出“整体好转、改善加速”的良好态势，但农村自然资源保护和修复是一项长期性的工作，不能一蹴而就，在保护水生生物多样性，乡村地形地貌、水体山体、库塘、沟渠保护，山水林田湖草沙系统治理，农村生态环境系统性修复等方面仍需长期规划。必须加快落实水生生物资源调查、检测、评估和生态补偿措施，提高乡村绿化率、林木良种使用率、低产低效林改造率，健全和完善自然保护地、生态保护红线监管制度，生态系统动态检测评估和风险预警机制等。

The task of improving the rural living environment is arduous. In recent years, various regions across the country have focused on the four major areas of rural toilet revolution, domestic sewage treatment, household garbage treatment, and village appearance improvement in the rural living environment improvement campaign, fundamentally reversing the long-standing dirty, messy, and poor situation in rural areas and greatly improving the quality of life of rural residents. To build an ecologically livable and harmonious countryside, it is necessary to further promote the upgrading of the village environment in a stepwise manner, continue to steadily and orderly improve the capacity for rural drinking water source protection, purification, water quality self-testing, and pipeline network transmission and distribution, optimize the provincial rural road network, enhance the coverage of rural energy infrastructure, rural distribution capacity, gas pipelines, and heat pipelines, increase the momentum for the transformation and development of renewable new energy systems, and continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of the rural living environment improvement campaign, in order to meet the growing needs of rural residents for a better life.

农村人居环境改善任务艰巨。近年来，全国各地聚焦农村厕所革命、生活污水处理、生活垃圾治理、村容村貌提升四大领域的农村人居环境整治行动，从根本上扭转了长期以来农村存在的脏乱差局面，大大提升了农村居民的生活质量。建设生态宜居和美乡村，需要进一步梯次推动村庄环境的升级，需要继续稳妥有序提高农村饮用水水源保护、净化、水质自检能力和管网输配能力，优化省级农村路网，提升乡村能源基础设施、乡村配电容量、燃气管道、热力管道的覆盖面，提高可再生新能源系统转型发展的动力，持续巩固和拓展农村人居环境整治的成效，以满足农村居民日益增长的美好生活需要。

The work of preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution has a long way to go. The control of agricultural non-point source pollution is an effective way to achieve a healthy agricultural production environment. Since 2015, when the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs launched the battle to control agricultural non-point source pollution, the prevention and control of pollution from large-scale livestock farming has been advanced in an orderly manner, the total amount of agricultural water use and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been reduced year by year, a diversified utilization pattern for livestock manure and crop straw has basically taken shape, the capacity of the agricultural film recycling system has been continuously strengthened, and positive results have been achieved in key areas. However, China’s agricultural non-point source pollution is extensive in scope, complex, and diverse, and prevention and control work still faces many difficulties. Long-term governance in areas such as returning straw to the fields, comprehensive utilization and pollution prevention of livestock and poultry breeding waste, saline-alkali land management, reducing pollution and carbon emissions in agricultural production, improving environmental quality and risk prevention, and controlling compound environmental pollution still requires joint efforts from all parties.

农业面源污染防治工作任重道远。农业面源污染治理是实现农业生产环境健康的有效途径。自2015年，农业农村部打响农业面源污染治理攻坚战以来，规模化养殖污染防治有序推进、农业用水总量、化肥农药使用量逐年降低，畜禽粪便和秸秆多元利用格局基本形成，农膜回收体系和能力不断增强，重点领域的治理取得积极成效。但我国农业面源污染量大面广、复杂多样，防治工作仍面临许多困难，在秸秆还田、畜禽养殖废弃物综合利用和污染防治、盐碱地治理、农业生产减污降碳、环境质量改善和风险防范、复合型环境污染防治等方面的长效治理上还需各方协力推动。

The modernization of ecological agriculture faces a long and arduous road. Developing ecological agriculture is the “green driving force” for building a beautiful and harmonious countryside. In recent years, China has continuously promoted the ecological transformation of traditional agricultural industries, vigorously advocated for industrial ecology and ecological industrialization, strengthened the scientific and technological support for agriculture, and initially formed a new pattern of revitalizing agriculture through quality, efficiency, and ecology, promoting the development of agriculture toward green, organic, and ecological directions. China is a large agricultural country, and the level of rural industrial development varies greatly and is unbalanced. For a long time, in pursuit of agricultural product output, some areas have overexploited agricultural resources, engaged in excessive development, and “rushed to cash in,” leading to new ecological problems. At the same time, the foundation for research and development of agricultural digital technology innovation in China is relatively weak, the development of green brand agriculture is slow, and the level of industrialization urgently needs improvement. The intelligent development of “digital + agriculture,” the construction of modern digital agricultural science and technology industrial parks, green brand building, and innovation in marketing methods still require precise planning and continuous promotion.

生态农业现代化发展道阻且长。发展生态农业是和美乡村建设的“绿色动能”。近年来，我国持续推进农业传统产业生态化改造，大力倡导产业生态化和生态产业化，强化农业科技支撑，初步形成质量兴农、效益兴农、生态兴农的新格局，促进农业向绿色、有机、生态方向发展。我国是农业大国，农村产业发展水平差异大、不平衡。长期以来，为追求农产品产量，一些地方农业资源长期透支、过度开发、“急于变现”导致新的生态问题。与此同时，我国农业数字技术创新研发基础较为薄弱，绿色品牌农业发展缓慢、产业化水平亟待提高。“数字+农业”的智能化发展、现代数字农业科技产业园建设、绿色品牌建设和营销方式创新等方面，仍需精准规划和持续推进。

III. Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of an Ecological and Beautiful Countryside

三、全面推进生态和美乡村建设

The environment is the people’s livelihood; green mountains are beauty; blue skies are happiness. Ecological livability is an inherent requirement for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the implementation of rural construction actions should be used as a starting point to improve the rural living environment and build a livable, workable, and beautiful countryside. In the New Era, building a livable, workable, and beautiful countryside requires strengthening the rural grassroots Party organizations that lead the construction of a beautiful countryside, adhering to the construction of a harmonious rural natural ecology, creating a harmonious and livable rural human ecology, and developing a green, circular, and workable ecological agriculture. This should support high-quality agricultural and rural development through a high-quality beautiful countryside characterized by thriving industries, ecological livability, civilized rural customs, effective governance, and prosperous living.

环境就是民生，青山就是美丽，蓝天也是幸福。生态宜居，是乡村全面振兴的内在要求。习近平总书记强调，要以实施乡村建设行动为抓手，改善农村人居环境，建设宜居宜业美丽乡村。新时代，建设宜居宜业和美乡村要建强引领和美乡村建设的农村基层党组织、坚持构建和谐共生的乡村自然生态、打造和谐宜居的乡村人文生态、发展绿色循环宜业的生态农业，以产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的高品质和美乡村建设，支撑农业农村高质量发展。

Strengthen the rural grassroots Party organizations that lead the construction of a beautiful countryside. In May 2024, during an inspection in Shandong, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to “adhere to using Party building to guide grassroots governance, improve the ability of grassroots Party organizations to lead grassroots governance, enhance the level of rural public services, and consolidate the good situation of rural harmony, stability, and the people living and working in peace and contentment.” Promoting the construction of a beautiful countryside should take further enhancing the political leadership of grassroots Party organizations as the guide, enhancing ideological leadership, mass organizational capacity, and social appeal, and using technology to empower the “Party building + beautiful countryside” construction model. First, it is necessary to fully leverage the political leadership of grassroots Party organizations in the construction of a beautiful countryside, coordinating and pooling the forces of all parties to invest in the construction of an ecological and beautiful countryside. Second, rural grassroots Party organizations should strengthen ideological propaganda and education for farmers, inherit and protect excellent traditional rural culture, carry out the construction of civilized rural customs, and make the concept of ecological civilization deeply rooted in people’s hearts, gathering the “spirit and energy” for building a beautiful countryside. Third, enhance the mass organizational capacity of rural grassroots Party organizations, further broaden thinking and break conventions, and select qualified leaders for rural grassroots Party organizations from among college graduates, village-based cadres, entrepreneurial returnees, and outstanding returning personnel. Fourth, enhance the social appeal of rural grassroots Party organizations, gather the wisdom of the entire Party and all sectors of society, and mobilize all forces most broadly and effectively to engage in the practice of building an ecological and beautiful countryside. Fifth, use network technology to empower the construction of rural grassroots Party organizations, innovate the “Party building + beautiful countryside” construction model, and use technological empowerment to lead the broad masses of farmers onto the path of ecological prosperity.

建强引领和美乡村建设的农村基层党组织。2024年5月，习近平总书记在山东考察时强调，要“坚持以党建引领基层治理，提高基层党组织领导基层治理能力，提升农村公共服务水平，巩固农村和谐稳定、群众安居乐业的良好局面”。推进和美乡村建设应以进一步提升基层党组织政治领导力为统领，提升思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力，以技术赋能“党建+和美乡村”建设模式。一是要充分发挥基层党组织在和美乡村建设中的政治引领力，协调、统筹各方力量投入生态和美乡村建设之中。二是农村基层党组织要加强对农民的思想宣传教育，传承和保护农村优秀传统文化，开展文明乡风建设，让生态文明理念深入人心、聚起和美乡村建设的“精气神”。三是提升农村基层党组织的群众组织力，进一步打开思路、不拘一格，从高校毕业生、驻村干部、回乡创业能人、优秀返乡人员中选拔合格的农村基层党组织带头人。四是提升农村基层党组织的社会号召力，汇聚全党上下、社会各方的智慧，最广泛、最有效地动员一切力量，投身于生态和美乡村建设实践中。五是以网络技术赋能农村基层党组织建设，创新“党建+和美乡村”建设模式，以技术赋能引领广大农民群众走上生态致富之路。

Construct a harmonious rural natural ecology. Vigorously promoting the construction of an ecological and beautiful countryside, solving problems such as the restoration and protection of the rural natural environment, and achieving rural ecological revitalization are important supporting points for revitalizing the new vitality of the countryside. In the process of building a beautiful countryside, the relationship of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature should always be maintained to continuously meet the growing needs of the people for a beautiful ecological environment. First, continuously increase the intensity of protection and restoration of the ecological system, establish and improve the ecological system protection system, and improve the ecological protection compensation mechanism. Further improve the natural forest protection system, the grassland ecological supervision and regular survey system, extend the river chief and lake chief system to the village level, and implement the protection systems for various protected areas such as nature reserves, scenic spots, and geological relics. Improve compensation mechanisms for ecological protection in key areas such as aquatic organisms, and increase the pertinence of compensation according to local conditions. Second, further strengthen the protection of rural rivers, lakes, wetlands, and biodiversity, and enhance the governance capacity and management ability of rural water ecology and comprehensive rural land consolidation.

构建和谐共生的乡村自然生态。大力推进生态和美乡村建设、解决农村自然环境修复和保护等问题、实现乡村生态振兴，是焕发乡村新活力的重要支撑点。在和美乡村建设过程中，应始终维持人与自然和谐共生的关系，以不断满足人民群众日益增长的优美生态环境需要。一是持续加大对生态体系的保护和修复力度、建立健全生态系统保护制度，完善生态保护补偿机制。进一步完善天然林保护制度、草原生态监管和定期调查制度，将河长湖长体系延伸至村一级，落实好自然保护区、名胜风景区、地质遗迹等各类保护地保护制度。完善重点领域如水生生物生态保护补偿机制，因地制宜提高补偿的针对性。二是进一步加强对乡村河湖、湿地、生物多样性保护，提升农村水生态、农村土地综合整治的治理能力和管理能力。

Create a harmonious and livable rural human ecology. In building a beautiful countryside, ecological livability is key. Guided by green development, accelerate the construction of the rural human ecological environment, making a good ecology the fulcrum for building a beautiful countryside, and promote the improvement of farmers’ living environments through “precise governance” and “effective planning.” First, continue to fight the battle against rural pollution. Further improve the level of rural environmental remediation, comprehensively increase the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage, the recycling rate of agricultural film, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure, and the rate of ecological aquaculture, strengthen the connection between rural toilet renovation and domestic sewage treatment, improve the collection, transportation, and disposal system for rural domestic waste, continuously reduce the use rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and basically eliminate large areas of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas. Second, improve the quality and effectiveness of village planning. Further clarify village development positioning, land use layout, and construction project arrangements; scientifically prepare township-level territorial spatial plans, and rationally allocate local resources; further improve the renovation of natural villages, and carry out unified planning in areas such as rural road renovation, residential wall repair, domestic sewage treatment, village lighting devices, village environmental remediation, river dredging and purification, farmer residential toilet renovation, and public service facilities, continuously optimizing the functional layout of villages.

打造和谐宜居的乡村人文生态。和美乡村建设，生态宜居是关键。以绿色发展为引领，加快农村人文生态环境建设，让良好生态成为和美乡村建设的支点，通过“精准治理”和“有效规划”促进农民生活环境的改善。一是持续打好农村污染防治攻坚战。进一步提升农村环境整治水平，全面提高农村生活污水治理率、农膜回收率、畜禽粪污综合利用率、水产生态养殖率，加强农村改厕与生活污水治理衔接，健全农村生活垃圾收运处置体系，持续减少化肥农药使用率，基本消除较大面积农村黑臭水体。二是提高村庄规划编制质量和实效。进一步明确村庄发展定位、用地布局和建设项目安排等；科学编制乡镇国土空间规划，合理配置乡土资源；进一步完善自然村落整治，在农村道路改造、住宅墙体整修、生活污水处理、村内照明装置、村庄环境整治、河道疏浚净化、农民住宅改厕、公共服务设施等方面统一规划，持续优化村庄功能布局。

Develop a green, circular, and workable ecological agricultural industry. Modern ecological agriculture is a modern agricultural operation model based on agricultural intensive operation and ecological management. Therefore, accelerating the pace of green agricultural development and refining and optimizing rural specialty industries are effective ways to promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries and solidly advance the construction of a livable, workable, and beautiful countryside. First, firmly establish the concept that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,” cultivate a production and lifestyle that “sees the mountains, views the water, and remembers nostalgia,” deeply integrate the ecological value of agriculture into the agricultural pastoral landscape, and coordinate the use of the experiential function of the agricultural landscape. Second, actively develop circular agriculture, promote the deep integration of new ecological and environmental protection production technologies such as scientific and technological innovation with agricultural industry innovation, promote the conservation and reuse of agricultural resources, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Third, vigorously develop modern agriculture, comprehensively promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional rural industries, develop a production system, sales system, distribution system, consumption system, and scientific and technological talent support system for characteristic ecological agricultural products according to local conditions, promote the transformation of “ecological resources” into “ecological products,” form “ecological industries,” build “ecological brands,” and continuously tap into and develop new quality productive forces in rural areas. Fourth, promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, optimize the implementation of agricultural industry integration development projects, promote the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, and develop differentiated rural leisure tourism products and services.

发展绿色循环宜业的生态农业产业。现代生态农业是以农业集约化运作和生态化管理为基础的现代农业经营模式。因此，加快农业绿色发展步伐，做精做优乡村特色产业，是促进农村一、二、三产业融合发展，扎实推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设的有效方式。一要牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，涵养“望得见山、看得到水、记得住乡愁”的生产生活方式，将农业生态价值深度融合到农业田园景观中，统筹利用好农业景观的体验功能。二是积极发挥循环农业，推动科技创新等生态环保生产新技术与农业产业创新的深入融合，推进农业资源的节约化和再利用，促进农业可持续发展。三要大力发展现代农业，统筹推进农村传统产业改造升级，因地制宜发展特色生态农产品生产体系、销售体系、分配体系、消费体系、科技人才支撑体系等，推动“生态资源”转化为“生态产品”，形成“生态产业”、建设“生态品牌”，不断挖掘和发展农村新质生产力。四是促进农村一、二、三产业融合发展，优化实施农业产业融合发展项目，促进农文旅融合，开发差异化乡村休闲旅游产品和服务。

(Author: Vice Dean and Professor of the School of Marxism, Shandong University)

（作者：山东大学马克思主义学院副院长、教授）

Online Editor: You Heng

网络编辑：有恒