The Spirit of the Zunyi Conference Shines Forever

The Zunyi Conference, as an important meeting of great turning significance in the history of our Party, at the most critical juncture saved the Party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. The realization of this historical turn left behind extremely valuable experience, exerting a profound influence on the development of the Party’s cause. General Secretary Xi Jinping, during his inspection of Guizhou in 2021, emphasized that the distinctive feature of the Zunyi Conference was upholding truth and correcting errors, establishing the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, and creatively formulating and implementing strategic tactics suited to the characteristics of the Chinese revolution. Promoting the spirit of the Zunyi Conference, whose basic connotations are “firm conviction, upholding truth, independence and autonomy, and unity and solidarity,” and letting the spirit of the Zunyi Conference shine forever, is of great significance for us to comprehensively strengthen Party building on the new journey of the New Era and to comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

遵义会议作为我们党的历史上一次具有伟大转折意义的重要会议，在最危急关头挽救了党、挽救了红军、挽救了中国革命。这一历史转折的实现，留下了极其宝贵的经验，对于党的事业的发展有着深远的影响。习近平总书记2021年在贵州考察时强调，遵义会议的鲜明特点是坚持真理、修正错误，确立党中央的正确领导，创造性地制定和实施符合中国革命特点的战略策略。弘扬以“坚定信念、坚持真理、独立自主、团结统一”为基本内涵的遵义会议精神，让遵义会议精神永放光芒，对于我们在新时代新征程上全面加强党的建设、以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，具有重要的意义。

I. The Spirit of Firm Conviction Shines Forever

一、坚定信念的精神永放光芒

Why was the Zunyi Conference convened? One direct reason was to resolve the Red Army’s direction of advance and the military strategy and command issues arising from it. The initial direction set for the Central Red Army’s Long March was to join forces with the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps in northwestern Hunan, not only to break out of the encirclement but also to further strengthen the Red Army’s forces, open up new base areas, and once again drive the revolutionary struggle to a high tide. However, after the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, the Central Red Army was sharply reduced from over 86,000 men at the start of the Long March to just over 30,000. With heavy enemy forces blocking ahead and large armies pursuing from behind, they were passively beaten and faced the danger of total annihilation. Under these circumstances, should they continue along the predetermined goal or adjust the direction by seeking truth from facts? The Red Army was at a critical moment of life and death.

为什么要召开遵义会议？一个直接的原因就是解决红军的进军方向和由此引出的军事战略和军事指挥问题。中央红军长征最初设定的方向是到湖南西北部同红二、六军团会合，不仅要突出重围，而且要进一步壮大红军力量，开辟新的根据地，再次推动革命斗争的高涨。然而，湘江战役后，中央红军由长征出发时的8.6万余人锐减到3万余人，前有重兵堵截，后有大军围追，被动挨打，有全军覆没之险。在这种情况下，是继续沿既定目标走，还是实事求是调整方向？红军处于生死关头。

Since the beginning of the Long March, due to military defeats, many Red Army soldiers, some commanders and fighters, and Party cadres were deeply worried about the future of the Party and the Red Army. Within the Party and the Red Army, doubts and dissatisfaction with erroneous leadership, along with demands for a change in leadership, grew rapidly. In the contrast between the victories of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Counter-Encirclement and Suppression Campaigns and the defeat of the Fifth Counter-Encirclement and Suppression Campaign, as well as the setbacks suffered during the Long March, the broad masses of Red Army commanders and fighters increasingly recognized Comrade Mao Zedong’s correct leadership, called for Comrade Mao Zedong to come out and lead the Red Army again, and hoped for a change in the erroneous military line. Under these circumstances, the conditions for convening a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to sum up experience and lessons and correct errors in leadership had matured.

长征开始以来，由于战斗失败导致很多红军战士、部分指战员和党员干部对党和红军的前途忧心忡忡，党和红军内部对错误领导的怀疑、不满和要求改换领导的情绪迅速增长。广大的红军指战员在第一、二、三、四次反“围剿”的胜利与第五次反“围剿”的失败及长征途中遭受挫折的对比中，愈发认识到毛泽东同志的正确领导，呼唤毛泽东同志重新出来领导红军，期盼改变错误的军事路线。在这种形势下，组织召开中央政治局会议，总结经验教训，纠正领导上的错误的条件已经成熟。

From January 15 to 17, 1935, the Zunyi Conference was held. Mao Zedong was elected as an alternate member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Zhang Wentian was entrusted with drafting the “Resolution of the Central Committee on the Summary of the Campaign Against the Enemy’s Fifth ‘Encirclement and Suppression’.” The Zunyi Conference was a turning point of vital importance in the Party’s history. Comrade Zhou Enlai, speaking about the Zunyi Conference in 1972, said: “Because Chairman Mao corrected the course, the Chinese revolution was able to turn danger into safety and defeat into victory amidst stormy seas. This is a great turning point in the history of the Chinese revolution. Chairman Mao’s correct line gained a leading position in the Party Central Committee, truly gained a leading position. As soon as the Zunyi Conference was conveyed, it was greeted with cheers from the entire Party and the entire army.”

1935年1月15日至17日，遵义会议召开，增选毛泽东为中央政治局常委，委托张闻天起草《中央关于反对敌人五次“围剿”的总结的决议》。遵义会议是党的历史上一个生死攸关的转折点。周恩来同志1972年在谈到遵义会议时说：“由于毛主席拨转了航向，使中国革命在惊涛骇浪中得以转危为安，转败为胜。这是中国革命历史中的伟大转折点。毛主席的正确路线在党中央取得了领导地位，真正取得了领导地位。遵义会议一传达，就得到全党全军的欢呼。”

After the Zunyi Conference, under the command of Mao Zedong and others, the Central Red Army, based on changes in actual circumstances, flexibly changed its direction of operations, moving east and west unpredictably, weaving and zigzagging through the enemy’s heavy forces. With the special assistance of intelligence work, they skillfully maneuvered the enemy, shook off the pursuit and interception of several hundred thousand Nationalist troops, and achieved a military turnaround from danger to safety. Marshal Liu Bocheng once recalled: “After the Zunyi Conference, our army completely reversed its previous situation, as if it had suddenly gained new life, weaving and zigzagging, threading its way between the enemy forces. When they thought we were going east, we went west; when they thought we were crossing the river northward, we made a long-distance counterattack. Everywhere we were active, full of vigor and vitality, controlling the enemy.” “Compared with the period under the rule of the ‘Left’ line, these circumstances made all commanders and fighters deeply realize: Chairman Mao’s correct line and the highly developed Marxist military art are the sole guarantee that our army will remain invincible.”

遵义会议后，中央红军在毛泽东等指挥下，根据实际情况的变化，灵活地变换作战方向，忽东忽西，迂回曲折地穿插于敌人重兵之间，并且借助于情报工作的特殊帮助，巧妙地调动敌军，摆脱了几十万国民党军队的围追堵截，实现了军事上的转危为安。刘伯承元帅曾回忆道，“遵义会议以后，我军一反以前的情况，好像忽然获得了新的生命，迂回曲折，穿插于敌人之间，以为我向东却又向西，以为我渡江北上却又远途回击，处处主动，生龙活虎，左右敌人”，“这些情况和‘左’倾路线统治时期相对照，全军指战员更深刻地认识到：毛主席的正确的路线，和高度发展了的马克思主义的军事艺术，是使我军立于不败之地的唯一保证。”

Faith and conviction are always of utmost importance. Firm ideals and convictions are the magic weapon for Communists to overcome all difficulties. An important reason why our great Communist Party of China has been able to grow from small to large and from weak to strong is that at any time and under any circumstances, it has established and adhered to clear ideals and convictions. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Party and the Red Army repeatedly rose from setbacks and were tempered into steel through hardships. Ultimately, this is because the lofty ideals and revolutionary convictions in their hearts were always firm and persistent, always shining with fiery brilliance. The successful convening of the Zunyi Conference was a test of the ideals and convictions of Chinese Communists and also a victory for the ideals and convictions of Chinese Communists. It was precisely through the unwavering commitment to lofty revolutionary ideals that the Party Central Committee and the Red Army were able to turn danger into safety, and the Chinese revolution was able to avert a crisis.

信仰信念任何时候都至关重要。坚定的理想信念是共产党人战胜一切困难的法宝。我们伟大的中国共产党之所以能够由小到大、由弱变强，一个重要的原因就是任何时候任何情况下都树立和坚持明确的理想信念。习近平总书记指出，党和红军几经挫折而不断奋起，历尽苦难而淬火成钢，归根到底在于心中的远大理想和革命信念始终坚定执着，始终闪耀着火热的光芒。遵义会议的胜利召开，是对中国共产党人理想信念的检验，也是中国共产党人理想信念的胜利。正是凭着对崇高革命理想的矢志坚守，党中央和红军才得以转危为安，中国革命才得以化险为夷。

At present, changes unseen in a century are accelerating across the world, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening, and our country’s tasks of reform, development, and maintaining stability are arduous. Strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. No matter how the times change, no matter how conditions change, we need to deeply comprehend the original aspiration and founding mission of Communists from the Long March spirit and the Zunyi Conference spirit, continuously strengthen the foundation of faith, replenish the calcium of the spirit, and steady the helm of thought, consciously becoming firm believers and faithful practitioners of the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，我国改革发展稳定任务繁重，战略机遇和风险挑战并存，不确定难预料因素增多。不论时代如何变化，不论条件如何变化，我们都需要从长征精神和遵义会议精神中深刻感悟共产党人的初心和使命，不断筑牢信仰之基、补足精神之钙、把稳思想之舵，自觉做共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想的坚定信仰者、忠实实践者。

II. The Spirit of Upholding Truth Shines Forever

二、坚持真理的精神永放光芒

The Zunyi Conference corrected the errors of “Left” dogmatism, accepted Comrade Mao Zedong’s correct military strategic thinking. The Central Red Army implemented flexible and mobile strategic tactics, crossing the Chishui River four times, crossing the Wujiang River southward, feigning an attack on Guiyang, threatening Kunming, skillfully crossing the Jinsha River, and shaking off the pursuit and interception of several hundred thousand Nationalist troops. Subsequently, they smoothly passed through the Yi ethnic area in the Daliang Mountains of Sichuan, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, captured the Luding Bridge by flying assault, continued northward, and arrived in northern Shaanxi, ultimately achieving victory in the Central Red Army’s Long March. The Zunyi Conference was a meeting that upheld truth and corrected errors, completing a major process of upholding truth and correcting errors.

遵义会议纠正了“左”倾教条主义错误，接受了毛泽东同志正确的军事战略思想，中央红军实施灵活机动的战略战术，四渡赤水，南渡乌江，佯攻贵阳，威逼昆明，巧渡金沙江，摆脱了几十万国民党军队的围追堵截。随后，顺利通过四川大凉山彝族聚居区，强渡大渡河，飞夺泸定桥，继续北上，到达陕北，最终取得了中央红军长征的胜利。遵义会议是一次坚持真理、修正错误的会议，完成的是一次重大的坚持真理、修正错误的过程。

China’s revolution, construction, and reform have always been a process of continuous exploration and practice. The Communist Party of China’s understanding of objective laws is constantly deepening. The key is to adhere to a scientific ideological line and political direction, and to do everything possible to reduce errors in understanding and decision-making. At the same time, there must be a perfect error-correction mechanism, so that when mistakes occur or problems are discovered, they can be promptly identified and resolutely corrected. The nature and mission of the Communist Party of China determine that the Party itself can uphold truth and correct errors. One of the slogans hung in the venue of the Seventh National Congress of the CPC was “Uphold truth, correct errors.” It is precisely by always upholding truth and promptly correcting errors that our Party has overcome one difficulty after another, prevented or corrected errors on both the “Left” and Right sides, maintained the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and achieved a series of great victories over the century-long journey.

中国的革命、建设和改革，始终是一个不断探索实践的过程。中国共产党对客观规律的认识是不断深化的。关键是要坚持科学的思想路线和政治方向，尽最大努力减少认识和决策的错误。同时，还要有完善的纠错机制，在出现失误、发现问题的时候，能够及时发现和坚决纠正。中国共产党的性质和使命决定了党自身能够坚持真理、修正错误。中共七大会场悬挂的标语之一，就是“坚持真理，修正错误”。我们党正是始终坚持真理、及时修正错误，才克服了一个又一个困难，防止或纠正了“左”右两个方面的错误，保持了党的先进性和纯洁性，取得了百年征程上的一系列伟大胜利。

Upholding truth is closely linked to upholding the correct leadership of the Party, and closely linked to the formation of the Party’s leadership core. Before the Zunyi Conference, our Party was not yet mature, especially in that it had not formed a mature Party Central Committee, nor had it formed unity and solidarity across the entire Party. The Zunyi Conference in fact established Comrade Mao Zedong’s leading position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line represented mainly by Comrade Mao Zedong in the Party Central Committee, began to form the first generation of the central leadership collective with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, opened a new stage for the Party to independently solve the practical problems of the Chinese revolution, and thereafter enabled the Party to defeat Zhang Guotao’s splittism, successfully complete the Long March, and open up a new situation for the Chinese revolution. The formation of the Party’s leadership core and leadership collective not only established a military strategy suited to reality but also further established the correct ideological line, political line, and organizational line, steering the ship of the Communist Party of China on the correct course and ensuring the ultimate victory of the Chinese revolution.

坚持真理是与坚持党的正确领导紧密联系在一起的，是与党的领导核心的形成紧密联系在一起的。遵义会议前，我们党还不成熟，特别是没有形成一个成熟的党中央，没有形成全党的团结统一。遵义会议事实上确立了毛泽东同志在党中央和红军的领导地位，开始确立以毛泽东同志为主要代表的马克思主义正确路线在党中央的领导地位，开始形成以毛泽东同志为核心的第一代中央领导集体，开启了党独立自主解决中国革命实际问题新阶段，并且在这以后使党能够战胜张国焘的分裂主义，胜利完成长征，打开中国革命新局面。党的领导核心和领导集体的形成，不仅确立了符合实际的军事战略，而且进一步确立了正确的思想路线、政治路线和组织路线，使中国共产党的航船行驶在正确的航向上，确保中国革命取得了最终的胜利。

The historical experience of the Zunyi Conference teaches us that upholding truth is a necessary condition for forming the Party’s leadership core, an inevitable result of ensuring correct leadership by the Party Central Committee, and a necessary requirement for guaranteeing the Party’s advanced nature. The Communist Party of China is an organized whole; whether the Party has a leadership core concerns the correctness of the Party Central Committee’s leadership, bears on the Party’s survival or extinction, and plays a vitally important role in the development of the Party’s cause. To carry forward the spirit of the Zunyi Conference, we must take the “Two Establishments”[1]1 The “Two Establishments” (两个确立) refers to the establishment of as the greatest certainty, the greatest source of confidence, and the greatest guarantee for coping with all uncertainties, overcome all difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead, and continuously win new great victories.

遵义会议的历史经验告诉我们，坚持真理是形成党的领导核心的必要条件，是保证党中央正确领导的必然结果，是确保党的先进性的必然要求。中国共产党是一个有组织的整体，党是否有领导核心关系到党中央领导的正确与否，关系着党的生死存亡，对党的事业发展具有至关重要作用。弘扬遵义会议精神，要把“两个确立”作为应对一切不确定性的最大确定性、最大底气、最大保证，战胜前进道路上的一切艰难险阻，不断夺取新的伟大胜利。

III. The Spirit of Independence and Self-Reliance Shines Forever

三、独立自主的精神永放光芒

On the day before the Long March began, the Party organization in Shanghai was destroyed by the Kuomintang, and consequently the high-power radio station in Shanghai responsible for maintaining contact with the Communist International was wrecked. This meant that from the start of the Long March, the Party Central Committee had lost contact with the Communist International. Because our Party was founded with the help of the Communist International and formally joined the Communist International from the Second National Congress of the CPC onward, becoming a branch of the Communist International, major matters such as convening the Zunyi Conference, making major decisions concerning the Party’s line, and especially adjustments and changes in central leadership, required, according to the organizational principles of the time, that a report first be submitted to the Communist International and its approval obtained.

长征出发的前一天，中共上海的党组织被国民党破获，因而设在上海负责与共产国际联系的大功率电台被破坏。这意味着，从长征出发，党中央就与共产国际失去了联系。因为我们党是在共产国际帮助下成立的，从党的二大开始就正式加入共产国际，成为共产国际的一个支部。因此，像召开遵义会议这样的大事，作出事关党的路线的重大决策，特别是中央领导的调整和变动，按照当时的组织原则，必须先向共产国际报告，得到它的批准。

But during the Long March, the Party Central Committee and the Red Army units were in an extremely critical moment. It was an inevitable necessity for our Party to hold its own meeting and make decisions concerning its own destiny. After the meeting, the Party Central Committee immediately sent Chen Yun and Pan Hannian to travel circuitously to Shanghai to try to restore the secret radio station so as to report the situation to Moscow and the Communist International. But the radio station could not be restored, so the two men then went to Moscow to report.

但在长征途中，党中央和红军部队正处于十分危急的关头。我们党自己开会，作出关系自己命运的正确决策，势所必然。会后，党中央立即派出陈云和潘汉年，辗转前往上海，设法恢复秘密电台，以便向莫斯科和共产国际汇报情况。但电台恢复不起来，于是两人又前往莫斯科汇报。

The Zunyi Conference was a case in which our Party, without the intervention of the Communist International, independently and self-reliantly made decisions on the Party’s own major political and military issues. This not only achieved a historic turning point but was also a historic leap for our Party toward independence and self-reliance. Thereafter, the Communist Party of China walked ever more firmly on the path of independence and self-reliance.

遵义会议是我们党在没有共产国际干预的情况下，独立自主地就党自己的重大政治、军事问题作出决策。这既实现了一次历史性的转折，又是我们党走向独立自主的一次历史性跨越。随后，中国共产党在独立自主的道路上走得越来越坚定。

The historical experience of the Zunyi Conference teaches us that a party or a country must at all times uphold independence and self-reliance. First, safeguard national sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, not submit to any external pressure, and always adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace. Second, choose and decide for oneself the path and model of revolution, construction, and reform, and decide them according to one’s own national conditions; others cannot do this on one’s behalf, nor can one copy or mechanically imitate any other model. Third, in advancing revolution, construction, and reform, always base oneself on one’s own strength and rely mainly on one’s own efforts; while strengthening opening up to the outside world, also uphold self-reliance. Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized, “China’s affairs must be handled according to China’s conditions and by relying on the Chinese people’s own strength. Independence and self-reliance have always been, and will always be, our foothold.” Copying or mechanically imitating the experience or models of other countries has never succeeded. “Integrating the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete realities of our country, taking our own path, and building socialism with Chinese characteristics—this is the basic conclusion we have drawn from summing up our long historical experience.”

遵义会议的历史经验告诉我们，一个党、一个国家，任何时候都要坚持独立自主。一是维护国家的主权、独立和领土完整，不屈从于任何外来压力，始终坚持独立自主的和平外交政策。二是由自己来选择和决定革命、建设、改革的道路和模式，而且要根据自己的国情来决定，不能由别人越俎代庖，也不能照抄照搬任何其他模式。三是推进革命、建设和改革，都要把基点放在自己力量的基础上，主要依靠自己的力量来进行，既加强对外开放，又坚持自力更生。邓小平同志强调，“中国的事情要按中国的情况来办，要依靠中国人自己的力量来办。独立自主，自力更生，无论过去、现在和将来，都是我们的立足点”。照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。“把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。”

The Zunyi Conference was a key step taken by the Communist Party of China on the path of independence and self-reliance. It laid an important foundation for our adherence to independence and self-reliance in the subsequent historical process and had a tremendous impact and influence. To carry forward the spirit of the Zunyi Conference, we must more consciously strengthen confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, confidence in the system, and confidence in the culture,[2]2 The Battle of the Xiangjiang River: A disastrous battle in November-December 1934 during the Long March, where the Red Army suffered heavy casualties (from over 86,000 to about 30,000) while breaking through Nationalist encirclement. maintain strategic resolve, unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and comprehensively advance the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

遵义会议是中国共产党在独立自主道路上迈出的关键一步，对我们在此后历史进程中坚持独立自主奠定了重要基础，产生了巨大影响和作用。弘扬遵义会议精神，要更加自觉地增强道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信，保持战略定力，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。

IV. The Spirit of Unity and Solidarity Shines Forever

四、团结统一的精神永放光芒

During the Long March, many major issues concerning the Party and the Red Army were not decided by any individual but through holding meetings. At meeting after meeting, members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and other leaders, through discussion and study, reached consensus and made decisions. If one meeting could not resolve an issue, meetings continued. The Zunyi Conference was the most important meeting at that time, but it was not an isolated meeting. Before it, there were the Tongdao Meeting on December 12, 1934, the Liping Meeting on December 18, and the Houchang Meeting from the afternoon of December 31 to the early morning of the following day. After the Zunyi Conference, the Central Red Army, while moving and fighting, held a series of meetings in succession. The Zhaxi Meeting clarified that Zhang Wentian would replace Bo Gu in assuming overall responsibility, and decided to make Mao Zedong Zhou Enlai’s assistant in military command. The meeting examined and approved the “Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPC on the Summary of the Fifth Counter-‘Encirclement’ Campaign” (i.e., the Zunyi Conference Resolution) drafted by Zhang Wentian, and discussed and decided on a series of other important policies and major matters.

长征途中，党和红军的很多重大问题，不是由哪一个个人决定，而是通过开会来决定。在一次次会议上，中央政治局成员以及其他领导人通过讨论研究，取得一致，作出决定。如果一次会议解决不了，就继续开会。遵义会议是当时最重要的会议，但并不是一次孤立的会议。在此之前有1934年12月12日的通道会议，12月18日的黎平会议，12月31日下午至次日凌晨的猴场会议。遵义会议后，中央红军转战途中连续召开一系列会议，扎西会议明确由张闻天代替博古负总的责任，决定以毛泽东为周恩来在军事指挥上的帮助者。会议审议通过了由张闻天起草的《中共中央关于反对敌人五次“围剿”的总结的决议》（即遵义会议决议），讨论决定了其他一系列重要方针和重大事项。

Making decisions through holding meetings is an important form of intra-Party democracy. During the Long March, the Party Central Committee made decisions through holding meetings; at the meetings, different opinions could be expressed, everyone discussed and engaged in democratic consultation, and finally decisions were adopted according to the principle of the minority submitting to the majority. Everyone firmly complied with the decisions of the meetings, and the main leaders of the Party Central Committee were also able to accept the decisions of the meetings—this is a concentrated manifestation of intra-Party democracy.

通过召开会议作出决策，这是党内民主的一种重要形式。长征途中，党中央通过开会作出决策，在会议中可以发表不同意见，大家讨论，民主协商，最后按照少数服从多数的原则通过决定。大家都坚决遵从会议的决定，党中央主要领导人也能够接受会议的决定，这是党内民主的集中体现。

Such a democratic mechanism safeguarded the Party’s unity. Because everyone had the right and opportunity to express their opinions, the final result depended on the majority opinion. Minority opinions could still be expressed at the next meeting; as long as they were proven correct by practice and could be accepted by everyone, they could be transformed into the majority. Therefore, comrades holding different opinions could, while retaining their own opinions, submit to the overall situation and uphold collective leadership. At that time, every comrade in the Party Central Committee was able to abide by the collective decisions. The outcome of the Zunyi Conference did not affect unity; on the contrary, it strengthened unity on a new basis, enabling everyone to work together to overcome risks and crises and steer the revolutionary cause in the direction of victory.

这样的民主机制，维护了党的团结。由于每个人都有发表意见的权利和机会，最后结果取决于多数意见。少数意见仍然可以在下次会议上发表，只要被实践证明正确，能被大家接受，就可以转变为多数。因此，持不同意见的同志完全可以在保留自己意见的基础上服从大局、维护集体领导。当时党中央的每位同志，都能遵守集体的决定。遵义会议的结果，并没有影响团结，而是在新的基础上加强了团结，共同努力战胜了风险和危机，把革命事业引向了胜利的方向。

Strengthening unity and achieving solidarity is an inevitable requirement for realizing the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission under any circumstances, and it is also an indispensable basic condition for meeting risks and challenges and breaking out of the historical cycle.[3]3 Counter-Encirclement and Suppression Campaigns: A series of five military campaigns launched by the Nationalist (Kuomintang) government against the Chinese Communist Party’s base areas in Jiangxi from 1930 to 1934. The first four were successfully repelled under Mao Zedong’s command; the fifth failed due to “Left” military errors, triggering the Long March. Both history and reality prove that the Party’s unity and solidarity are what the future and destiny of the Party and the people depend on, and are where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups across the country lie; at no time and under no circumstances can this be ambiguous or wavered. On the new journey, in the face of major challenges on the road ahead, including high winds, rough waves, and even raging storms, and in the face of the lofty mission of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, we need to further consolidate our strength, unite as one, and strive together. Party cadres and members must draw both positive and negative historical experience from Party history, unswervingly align themselves with the Party Central Committee, continuously improve their political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the “Two Establishments,”[1]1 The “Two Establishments” (两个确立) refers to the establishment of strengthen the “Four Consciousnesses,”[4]4 The “Resolution of the Central Committee on the Summary of the Campaign Against the Enemy’s Fifth ‘Encirclement and Suppression’”: A key document drafted by Zhang Wentian after the Zunyi Conference, which criticized the “Left” military line and affirmed Mao Zedong’s strategic approach. fortify the “Four Confidences,”[2]2 The Battle of the Xiangjiang River: A disastrous battle in November-December 1934 during the Long March, where the Red Army suffered heavy casualties (from over 86,000 to about 30,000) while breaking through Nationalist encirclement. and achieve the “Two Upholds,”[5]5 Zhang Guotao’s splittism: Refers to the actions of Zhang Guotao, a senior CPC leader who, during the Long March in 1935-1936, challenged the Party Central Committee’s authority, attempted to establish a separate central committee, and led a faction of the Red Army on a divergent route, causing a split that was eventually overcome. consciously maintain a high degree of unity with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, and ensure that the entire Party is twisted into a single rope, with hearts thinking as one and strength exerted in one direction.

加强团结、达到统一，是任何情况下实现党的初心和使命的必然要求，也是迎接风险挑战、跳出历史周期率的不可缺少的基本条件。历史和现实都证明，党的团结统一是党和人民前途和命运所系，是全国各族人民根本利益所在，任何时候任何情况下都不能含糊、不能动摇。新征程上，面对前进道路上风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大挑战，面对以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的崇高使命，需要我们进一步凝心聚力、众志成城、团结奋斗。党员干部要从党史中汲取正反两方面历史经验，坚定不移向党中央看齐，不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，确保全党上下拧成一股绳，心往一处想、劲往一处使。

(Author: Vice President of the Chinese Society of Party History, former Deputy Director of the Party History Research Center of the Central Committee)

（作者：中共党史学会副会长、原中央党史研究室副主任）

Online Editor: You Heng

网络编辑：有恒