Promoting Cultural Development with a People-Centered Approach

Adhering to a people-centered work orientation is a consistent and clear stance that the Party has maintained in leading and promoting cultural development over more than a century of struggle. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has insisted that cultural development be for the people, rely on the people, and have its fruits shared by the people, thereby promoting the flourishing and development of socialist culture and increasingly enriching the people’s cultural-ethical life. Comrade Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that “socialist literature and art, in essence, are the people’s literature and art,” and emphasized that “for literature and art to reflect the people’s voice, they must adhere to the fundamental direction of serving the people and serving socialism.” These important expositions deepen the understanding of the value orientation and essential connotation of Marxist cultural theory, embody the Party’s clear stance in leading and promoting cultural development, and provide a scientific guide for cultural development in the New Era.

坚持以人民为中心的工作导向，是党在一百多年奋斗历程中领导和推动文化建设一以贯之的鲜明立场。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，坚持文化发展为了人民、文化发展依靠人民、文化发展成果由人民共享，推动社会主义文化繁荣发展，人民精神文化生活愈发丰富。习近平总书记深刻指出“社会主义文艺，从本质上讲，就是人民的文艺”，强调“文艺要反映好人民心声，就要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务这个根本方向”。这些重要论述深化了对马克思主义文化理论的价值取向和本质内涵的认识，体现了我们党领导和推动文化建设的鲜明立场，为新时代文化建设提供了科学的行动指南。

1. Theoretical and Practical Basis for a People-Centered Approach in Cultural Development

1.文化建设坚持以人民为中心的理论与现实依据

Culture originates from the people’s practice, and culture belongs to the people. In *The German Ideology*, the foundational work of historical materialism, Marx and Engels, starting from the premise that social being determines social consciousness, elucidated that “people are the producers of their own conceptions, ideas, etc.” Through productive practice, working people not only create an increasingly rich material life for themselves but also gradually expand the broad space of spiritual life. It is precisely based on the people’s dual identity as both producers and consumers of culture that Lenin called “art belongs to the people. It must have its deepest roots in the very depths of the broad masses of working people. It must be understood and loved by these masses. It must unite the feelings, thoughts, and will of these masses and elevate them. It must awaken artists among the masses and develop them.” Comrade Xi Jinping, combining the vast historical scroll of over five thousand years of Chinese civilization with the epic struggle of the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, for national independence and people’s liberation, emphasized that the “profound changes in ancient China” and the “extremely rich production and life of the Chinese people” provide extremely fertile soil for literary and artistic creation. He pointed out that “originating from the people, being for the people, and belonging to the people is the fundamental stance of socialist literature and art, and also the driving force for their flourishing development.”

文化源于人民实践，文化属于人民。马克思、恩格斯在历史唯物主义奠基之作《德意志意识形态》中，从社会存在决定社会意识出发，阐明了“人们是自己的观念、思想等等的生产者”。劳动者通过生产实践不仅为自身创造了日益丰富的物质生活，而且逐步拓展着精神生活的广阔空间。正是基于人民兼具文化生产者和消费者的双重身份，列宁称“艺术是属于人民的。它必须在广大劳动群众的底层有其最深厚的根基。它必须为这些群众所了解和爱好。它必须结合这些群众的感情、思想和意志，并提高他们。它必须在群众中间唤起艺术家，并使他们得到发展”。习近平总书记结合中华文明五千多年宏阔的历史长卷和中国共产党领导人民争取民族独立、人民解放的斗争史诗，强调“古老中国的深刻变化”和“中国人民极为丰富的生产生活”为文艺创作提供了极为肥沃的土壤，并指出“源于人民、为了人民、属于人民，是社会主义文艺的根本立场，也是社会主义文艺繁荣发展的动力所在”。

The secret to the evergreen nature of the cultural tree lies in reflecting the people’s voice. Culture can be full of vitality only when it conforms to the people’s will and reflects their concerns. Cultural works are a manifestation of the creative ability of cultural workers in a country or a nation. Whether they can write for the people, express feelings for the people, and voice concerns for the people determines whether cultural works can have lasting vitality. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Comrade Mao Zedong, at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art, gave an example to educate cultural workers in the base areas: Soviet writer Alexander Alexandrovich Fadeyev’s *The Rout* only described a small guerrilla detachment, yet it had a world-shaking impact. This was because Fadeyev focused on and responded to the new things that the people truly cared about. Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: “All literary and artistic works that stirred their times and have been passed down through generations reflect the demands of the era and the voice of the people.” For example, the world’s earliest literary work, the *Epic of Gilgamesh*, has survived to this day precisely because it reflects the ancient people of Mesopotamia’s exploration of the laws of nature and the mysteries of life and death. Famous ancient Chinese poems like the *Song of the Chile* and the *Ballad of Mulan* were refined from the real lives of working people, reflecting the people’s voice, and are still recited today.

文化之树长青的奥秘在于反映人民心声。文化只有顺应人民意愿、反映人民关切，才能充满活力。文化作品是一个国家、一个民族文化工作者创造能力的表现，是否能为人民抒写、为人民抒情、为人民抒怀，决定了文化作品能否有持久生命力。抗日战争时期，毛泽东同志在延安文艺座谈会上举了这样一个例子来教育根据地的文化工作者：苏联作家亚历山大·亚历山德罗维奇·法捷耶夫的《毁灭》只是描写了一支很小的游击队，却产生了轰动世界的影响，这是因为法捷耶夫聚焦并回应了人民真正关切的新事物。习近平总书记指出：“一切轰动当时、传之后世的文艺作品，反映的都是时代要求和人民心声。”例如，世界上最早的文学作品《吉尔伽美什》史诗能够流传至今，根源就在于其反映了两河流域上古人民对自然规律和生死奥秘的探索；我国古代著名诗篇《敕勒歌》《木兰诗》等都提炼自劳动人民的真实生活，反映人民心声，至今仍被传诵。

Being people-centered is an echo of history and, even more so, a proposition of the times. During the period of the Russian proletarian revolution, Lenin recognized that cultural work played an important role in the Party’s overall cause. Comrade Mao Zedong proposed that revolutionary literature and art are “an indispensable part of the entire revolutionary cause.” Comrade Deng Xiaoping, meeting the needs of the new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, emphasized that “whether it is for meeting the diverse spiritual needs of the people, cultivating socialist new people, or raising the ideological, cultural, and moral standards of the entire society, literary and art work bears responsibilities that no other department can replace.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Comrade Xi Jinping has accurately grasped the general trend of development in China and the world, pointing out that “today, we are closer, more confident, and more capable than at any time in history of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,” and that “realizing the ‘Two Centenary Goals’ and the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is a long-term and arduous great cause. A great cause requires a great spirit. To realize this great cause, the role of literature and art is irreplaceable, and literary and art workers have great potential.” It is necessary to firmly stand on the people’s side, taking the people’s interests, will, and voice as the fundamental guide for cultural development.

以人民为中心，是历史的回响，更是时代的命题。俄国无产阶级革命时期，列宁就意识到文化工作在党的整体事业中发挥着重要作用。毛泽东同志提出革命文艺是“整个革命事业不可缺少的一部分”。邓小平同志结合改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的需要，强调“不论是对于满足人民精神生活多方面的需要，对于培养社会主义新人，对于提高整个社会的思想、文化、道德水平，文艺工作都负有其他部门所不能代替的重要责任”。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记准确把握中国和世界发展大势，指出“今天，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标”，“实现‘两个一百年’奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是长期而艰巨的伟大事业。伟大事业需要伟大精神。实现这个伟大事业，文艺的作用不可替代，文艺工作者大有可为”。必须站稳人民立场，把人民利益、人民意志和人民心声作为文化建设的根本遵循。

To provide more proactive and powerful spiritual strength for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through cultural prosperity and to offer Chinese experience to the world, it is necessary to directly face the people’s life. The people are both the “characters” and the “playwrights” of history. Only when cultural construction consciously takes the people as its center and effectively exerts its inspiring role can it gather the powerful practical force to transform the objective world. Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: “Without the active guidance of advanced culture, without the great enrichment of the people’s spiritual world, and without the continuous strengthening of the national spiritual strength, a country or a nation cannot stand proudly among the nations of the world.” At the same time, adhering to a people-centered approach in cultural development is also an inevitable requirement for telling China’s stories well and spreading China’s voice well to the outside world. To tell China’s stories well and explain China’s practice with Chinese theory, “only by keeping our eyes on the most advanced aspects of humanity while sincerely facing the real survival reality of contemporary Chinese people can we provide Chinese experience for humanity, and can our literature and art contribute special sounds and colors to the world.”

以文化繁荣兴盛为全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供更为主动、更为强大的精神力量，为世界提供中国经验，需要直面人民生活。人民是历史的“剧中人”，同时也是“剧作者”。文化建设只有自觉地以人民为中心，切实发挥感召作用，才能凝聚起改造客观世界的强大实践力量。习近平总书记指出：“没有先进文化的积极引领，没有人民精神世界的极大丰富，没有民族精神力量的不断增强，一个国家、一个民族不可能屹立于世界民族之林。”同时，文化建设坚持以人民为中心，也是对外讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音的必然要求。讲好中国故事，用中国理论阐释好中国实践，“只有眼睛向着人类最先进的方面注目，同时真诚直面当下中国人的生存现实，我们才能为人类提供中国经验，我们的文艺才能为世界贡献特殊的声响和色彩”。

2. Continuously Solving the Fundamental Question of “For Whom, Rely on Whom, and Who Am I”

2.不断解决好“为了谁、依靠谁、我是谁”这个根本问题

Adhere to the fundamental direction of serving the people and serving socialism. In 1919, Soviet Russia was engaged in a bitter struggle against the armed intervention of imperialist countries and domestic counter-revolutionary forces. At that time, the writer Gorky, trapped in Petrograd, wrote to Lenin describing the extreme difficulties of life in the besieged city and expressing his depressed and low spirits. Lenin replied to Gorky, advising him to break free from the limitations of his personal perspective, change his work and living environment, go deep into the new regime construction that workers and peasants were engaged in to feel the sprouts of new things, and engage in cultural creation. This exchange between Lenin and Gorky highlights the profound truth that socialist cultural workers should step out of “the petty joys and sorrows around them” and adhere to the direction of serving the people and serving socialism. Comrade Mao Zedong praised Mr. Lu Xun as a great writer, thinker, and revolutionary, not only because his works were well-written, but more importantly because Lu Xun “stood on the side of the proletariat and national liberation, fought for truth and freedom,” and truly practiced the purpose of serving the people. Since the New Era, Comrade Xi Jinping has emphasized that “we must adhere to the fundamental direction of serving the people and serving socialism. This is a basic requirement the Party has set for the literary and art front.” “Consciously breathing the same air, sharing the same fate, and being heart-to-heart with the people, rejoicing in the people’s joys and worrying about the people’s worries, and being a willing ox for the people” is the correct path for cultural workers to achieve success and obtain happiness.

坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的根本方向。1919年，苏维埃俄国正在同帝国主义国家的武装干涉、国内反革命势力进行艰苦卓绝的斗争，此时被困于彼得格勒的作家高尔基致信列宁，描述这个被封锁城市的生活已陷于极端困难，表达了自己郁闷、低落的情绪。列宁复信高尔基，劝勉他要摆脱个人眼界的局限，改换工作和生活环境，深入工人和农民正在进行的新政权建设中感受新事物的萌芽，从事文化创作。列宁与高尔基的这番交流，凸显了社会主义文化工作者应当跳出“身边的小小的悲欢”，坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务这一深刻道理。毛泽东同志赞誉鲁迅先生为伟大的文学家、思想家和革命家，不仅是因为鲁迅先生的作品写得好，更为重要的是鲁迅先生“站在无产阶级与民族解放的立场，为真理与自由而斗争”，真正践行了为人民服务的宗旨。新时代以来，习近平总书记强调，“要坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务这个根本方向。这是党对文艺战线提出的一项基本要求”。“自觉与人民同呼吸、共命运、心连心，欢乐着人民的欢乐，忧患着人民的忧患，做人民的孺子牛”，是文化工作者取得成就、获得幸福的正确道路。

Enrich the people’s spiritual world and meet their cultural and spiritual needs. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that “the people’s needs are multifaceted,” and that “material needs come first; eating is the most important, hence the saying ‘food is the first necessity of the people.’ However, this does not mean that the people’s needs for spiritual and cultural life are dispensable. The greatest difference between human society and the animal kingdom is that human beings have spiritual needs, and the people’s needs for spiritual and cultural life exist at all times.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Forum on Literature and Art Work” (October 15, 2014), in *Xi Jinping: Governance of China*, vol. 2, Foreign Languages Press, Chinese-path modernization is a modernization in which material and cultural-ethical progress are coordinated; it requires not only great material abundance but also great spiritual abundance. Continuously meeting the people’s needs for spiritual and cultural life is an inherent requirement for promoting the free and comprehensive development of the individual, and it is the starting point and ultimate goal of socialist cultural development. While steadily strengthening the material foundation of modernization, we must vigorously develop advanced socialist culture, strengthen education in ideals and convictions, carry forward Chinese civilization, and promote the enrichment of things in their material aspect and the comprehensive development of the individual.

丰富人民精神世界，满足人民精神文化需求。习近平总书记指出，“人民的需求是多方面的”，“物质需求是第一位的，吃上饭是最主要的，所以说‘民以食为天’。但是，这并不是说人民对精神文化生活的需求就是可有可无的，人类社会与动物界的最大区别就是人是有精神需求的，人民对精神文化生活的需求时时刻刻都存在”。中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，既要物质财富极大丰富，也要精神财富极大充裕。不断满足人民的精神文化生活需求，是不断促进人的自由全面发展的题中应有之义，是社会主义文化建设的出发点和落脚点。要在不断厚植现代化的物质基础的同时，大力发展社会主义先进文化，加强理想信念教育，传承中华文明，促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展。

Respect the people’s principal position and focus on the people’s practical creativity. Comrade Mao Zedong once used a vivid metaphor: “A revolutionary cultural worker who does not approach the masses is a ‘general without an army,’ and his firepower cannot defeat the enemy.” [3] To distance oneself from the vivid practice of the masses is to discard the rich raw materials of cultural creation; this can only produce “armchair writers” and “armchair artists,” lacking profound thought and practical influence. General Secretary Xi Jinping has further emphasized the people’s principal position in cultural development, pointing out: “The people, as the creators of history, are not only the creators of material wealth but also the creators of spiritual wealth,” and “the people are not abstract symbols, but concrete individuals, with flesh and blood, with emotions, with love and hate, with dreams, and also with inner conflicts and struggles. One cannot replace the people’s feelings with one’s own personal feelings; instead, one must humbly learn from the people and learn from life.” [4] Cultural workers must take root among the people and in life, feel the people’s joys and sorrows with heart and soul, draw nourishment from the people’s great practice and rich and varied life, continuously accumulate life and artistic experience, and continuously discover and create beauty.

尊重人民主体地位，聚焦人民实践创造。毛泽东同志曾经形象地比喻：“革命的文化人而不接近民众，就是‘无兵司令’，他的火力就打不倒敌人。”远离了人民群众的生动实践，就等于抛弃了文化创作的丰富原材料，这样只会造成“空头文学家”和“空头艺术家”，缺乏深邃思想和现实影响力。习近平总书记进一步强调人民在文化建设中的主体地位，指出：“人民作为历史的创造者，不仅是物质财富的创造者，也是精神财富的创造者”，“人民不是抽象的符号，而是一个一个具体的人，有血有肉，有情感，有爱恨，有梦想，也有内心的冲突和挣扎。不能以自己的个人感受代替人民的感受，而是要虚心向人民学习、向生活学习”。文化工作者要扎根人民、扎根生活，用心用情感受人民的喜怒哀乐，从人民的伟大实践和丰富多彩的生活中汲取营养，不断进行生活和艺术的积累，不断进行美的发现和美的创造。

Take the people as the connoisseurs and judges of literary and artistic aesthetics. Marx once said: “The people have always been the sole judges of whether a writer is ‘qualified’ or ‘unqualified.’” [5] Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that cultural work must serve the masses of the people, and “anything that can bring real benefits to the masses of the people is a good thing.” [6] General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that “literature and art must not lose their direction in the tide of the market economy, nor must they deviate on the question of whom they serve; otherwise, literature and art will have no vitality.” [7] Excellent works are not confined to a single form, style, or standard; one important criterion for evaluating them is the degree of the people’s affection. “As long as a work has positive energy, is infectious, can warm the soul and enlighten the mind, can be widely disseminated and endure, and is loved by the masses of the people, it is an excellent work.” [8]

把人民作为文艺审美的鉴赏家和评判者。马克思曾说过：“人民历来就是作家‘够资格’和‘不够资格’的唯一判断者。”毛泽东同志指出，文化工作要为人民大众服务，“任何一种东西，必须能使人民群众得到真实的利益，才是好的东西”。习近平总书记强调，“文艺不能在市场经济大潮中迷失方向，不能在为什么人的问题上发生偏差，否则文艺就没有生命力”。优秀作品并不拘于一格、不形于一态、不定于一尊，评价其的一个重要标准就是人民的喜爱程度。“只要有正能量、有感染力，能够温润心灵、启迪心智，传得开、留得下，为人民群众所喜爱，这就是优秀作品。”

3. Adhere to a people-centered work orientation

3.坚持以人民为中心的工作导向

Strengthen cultural confidence, and record and write about the people’s great creativity. Culture is the soul of a country and a nation, and an important force for national survival and development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that “cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader, and deeper confidence, and is the most basic, most profound, and most enduring force in the development of a country and a nation,” and that “strengthening cultural confidence is a major issue concerning the rise and fall of a nation’s fortunes, cultural security, and the independence of the national spirit.” [9] Although the Chinese nation has encountered countless hardships and severe challenges, it has still created the only great civilization in the world that has continued without interruption and developed to this day in the form of a state, standing proudly among the nations of the world. One very important reason for this is that “generations of Chinese sons and daughters have cultivated and developed a unique, broad, and profound Chinese culture, providing a powerful spiritual support for the Chinese nation to overcome difficulties and thrive endlessly.” [10] In the New Era, we adhere to the path of socialist cultural development with Chinese characteristics, develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, carry forward fine traditional Chinese culture, and have created many cultural innovation achievements that reflect the spirit of the times and lead the trends of the times. Cultural workers must move physically, emotionally, and with feeling, conduct panoramic observations and microscopic analyses of social life, and write about the struggles and creativity of the masses of the people with sincere popular sentiment.

坚定文化自信，记录与书写人民的伟大创造。文化是一个国家、一个民族的灵魂，是民族生存和发展的重要力量。习近平总书记指出，“文化自信是更基础、更广泛、更深厚的自信，是一个国家、一个民族发展中最基本、最深沉、最持久的力量”，“坚定文化自信，是事关国运兴衰、事关文化安全、事关民族精神独立性的大问题”。中华民族虽然曾遭遇无数的艰难困苦与严峻挑战，但依然创造了世界上唯一绵延不断且以国家形态发展至今的伟大文明，傲然屹立于世界民族之林，其中一个很重要的原因就是“世世代代的中华儿女培育和发展了独具特色、博大精深的中华文化，为中华民族克服困难、生生不息提供了强大精神支撑”。新时代，我们坚持走中国特色社会主义文化发展道路，发展社会主义先进文化，弘扬革命文化，传承中华优秀传统文化，创造了许多反映时代精神、引领时代潮流的文化创新成果。广大文化工作者要身动、心动、情动，对社会生活进行全景式考察和显微镜式剖析，以真挚的人民情怀书写人民群众的奋斗创造。

Continuously promote the standardization and equalization of basic public cultural services, and promote common prosperity in the people’s spiritual life. At the beginning of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized: “The characteristic that distinguishes socialism from capitalism is common prosperity, not polarization. The wealth created... is used to develop the economy, develop education and science, improve the people’s livelihood, and raise the people’s cultural level.” [11] Common prosperity in spiritual life is an inherent meaning of socialism and an important component of common prosperity. In an article titled “Culture Nurtures Harmony” written during his work in Zhejiang, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out: “Human beings, in essence, are cultural beings, not ‘materialized’ beings; they are active, comprehensive beings, not rigid, ‘one-dimensional’ beings.” [12] The essence of human beings is cultural; the people’s continuous pursuit of diverse, multi-level, and multi-faceted spiritual and cultural life is precisely the process of shaping a rich and meaningful life. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that “promoting common prosperity and promoting the comprehensive development of the individual are highly unified.” [13] Therefore, we must achieve coordinated cultural development between the eastern, central, and western regions, and between urban and rural areas; combine the construction of “hardware” and “software”; combine “blood transfusion” and “blood production”; improve the cultural industry system and market system; perfect the public cultural service system; increase the coverage and applicability of basic public cultural services; and safeguard the people’s cultural rights and interests.

持续推动基本公共文化服务标准化均等化，促进人民精神生活共同富裕。改革开放之初，邓小平同志就强调：“社会主义与资本主义不同的特点就是共同富裕，不搞两极分化。创造的财富……用来发展经济，发展教育和科学，改善人民生活，提高人民文化水平。”精神生活共同富裕是社会主义的内含之义，是共同富裕的重要组成部分。习近平同志在浙江工作期间写的《文化育和谐》一文指出：“人，本质上就是文化的人，而不是‘物化’的人；是能动的、全面的人，而不是僵化的、‘单向度’的人。”人的本质是文化的人，人民不断追求多样化、多层次、多方面的精神文化生活，就是在塑造丰盈且有意义的生命。习近平总书记强调：“促进共同富裕与促进人的全面发展是高度统一的。”因此，我们要实现东中西地区、城市和乡村的文化建设协调发展，把“硬件”建设和“软件”建设结合起来，把“输血”和“造血”结合起来，健全文化产业体系和市场体系，完善公共文化服务体系，提高基本公共文化服务的覆盖面和适用性，保障人民文化权益。

Provide the people with more sufficient, richer, and more nutritious spiritual food through high-quality cultural supply. Entering the New Era, as the people’s living standards have continuously improved, their demands for the quality, taste, and style of cultural products have also increased. The principal contradiction in China’s cultural supply is no longer a question of whether there is enough or not, but a question of whether it is good or refined. Therefore, in developing the cultural industry, we must adhere to placing social效益 first, unifying social and economic benefits. Cultural workers must go deep into life, take root among the people, create more fine cultural works that match the New Era, continuously meet the people’s diverse, multi-level, and multi-faceted spiritual and cultural needs with high-quality cultural supply, continuously enrich the people’s spiritual world, and enhance the people’s sense of cultural gain and happiness.

以高质量文化供给为人民提供更加充分、更为丰富、更有营养的精神食粮。进入新时代，随着人民生活水平不断提高，人民对文化产品的质量、品位、风格等的要求也更高了，我国文化供给的主要矛盾已经不是缺不缺、够不够的问题，而是好不好、精不精的问题。因此，发展文化产业要坚持把社会效益放在首位、社会效益和经济效益相统一，文化工作者要深入生活，扎根人民，创造更多同新时代相匹配的文化精品，以高质量文化供给不断满足人民群众多样化多层次多方面的精神文化需求，不断丰富人民精神世界，增强人民的文化获得感、幸福感。

(Author: Researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in Beijing, Professor at the School of Marxism, Peking University; Researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era at the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC [National Academy of Governance])

（作者：北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、北京大学马克思主义学院教授，中央党校〔国家行政学院〕习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）

Online Editor: You Heng

网络编辑：有恒