Anchor the Goal of Comprehensively Building a Modern Socialist Country and Forge Ahead with Vigor

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, an important historical node in advancing the great cause of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. Over the past 75 years, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China has undergone earth-shaking changes, transforming the landscape entirely, and we are drawing ever closer to the goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Standing at such an important historical node, looking back on the journey traversed, we are immensely proud; gazing ahead at the road before us, we bear heavy responsibilities. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Now, we have only a little over ten years to achieve the goal of basically realizing modernization that we have set, and only a little over twenty years to achieve the goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country that we have set. Time waits for no one; it urges us to forge ahead.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Celebration of the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,” September 20, 2024. We must closely focus on the central task of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, carry forward the cause and forge ahead into the future, work with vigor and enterprise, and strive to realize the goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

今年是中华人民共和国成立75周年，这是推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的一个重要历史节点。75年来，在中国共产党的领导下，中国发生沧桑巨变，换了人间，我们离全面建成社会主义现代化强国的目标越来越近。站在这样一个重要历史节点，回望过往历程，我们无比自豪；眺望前方征途，我们重任在肩。习近平总书记指出：“现在，实现我们确定的基本实现现代化目标只有10年多时间，实现我们确定的全面建成社会主义现代化强国目标也只有20多年时间。时不我待，催人奋进。”我们要紧紧围绕以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴这个中心任务，继往开来，奋发进取，奋力实现全面建成社会主义现代化强国目标。

Comprehensively building a modern socialist country is the goal for which the Party and the people have assiduously striven.

全面建成社会主义现代化强国是党和人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标

China once held a leading position in the history of human development for a long period, but after entering modern times, the invasion of imperialist powers led to the humiliation of the nation, the suffering of the people, and the obscuring of its civilization. [2]2 This phrase is a standard formulation in CPC discourse referring to the period of national decline and foreign aggression from the Opium Wars (1840s) onward. Faced with the tragic situation of a broken country and shattered rivers and mountains, the Chinese people gave birth to the great dream of a strong nation. From the day of its founding, the Communist Party of China has taken the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its historical mission. The great practices of revolution, construction, and reform led by our Party constitute a historical process of continuous struggle, a complete undertaking to save the country, rejuvenate the country, and make the country strong, thereby realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Over more than one hundred years, the founding of the Party, the invigoration of the Party, and the strengthening of the Party have been organically integrated with saving the country, rejuvenating the country, and making the country strong in the historical process of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Comprehensively building a modern socialist country is the grand and lofty goal established by our Party. On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we can say with pride: we are getting closer and closer to this goal.

中国在人类发展史上曾经长期处于领先地位，但进入近代以后，帝国主义列强入侵导致国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘。面对国破山河碎的悲惨境地，中国人民萌生了伟大的强国梦。中国共产党从成立之日起，就把实现中华民族伟大复兴作为自己的历史使命。我们党领导的革命、建设、改革伟大实践，是一个接续奋斗的历史过程，是一项救国、兴国、强国，进而实现中华民族伟大复兴的完整事业。一百多年来，立党、兴党、强党与救国、兴国、强国，有机统一于实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中，全面建成社会主义现代化强国是我们党确立的宏伟奋斗目标。在中华人民共和国成立75周年之际，可以自豪地说：我们离这个目标已经越来越近。

On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Comrade Mao Zedong declared with pride at the preparatory meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference: “Once the destiny of China is placed in the hands of the people themselves, China will, like the sun rising in the east, illuminate the earth with its brilliant radiance, swiftly cleanse the mire left behind by the reactionary government, heal the wounds of war, and build a brand-new, strong, and truly people’s republic.” [3]3 Mao Zedong, “Speech at the Preparatory Meeting of the New Political Consultative Conference,” June 15, 1949. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. The Chinese people have since stood up and, under the leadership of the Party, embarked on the historical process of building a brand-new, strong, and truly people’s republic.

中华人民共和国成立前夕，毛泽东同志在新政协筹备会上豪迈地说：“中国的命运一经操在人民自己的手里，中国就将如太阳升起在东方那样，以自己的辉煌的光焰普照大地，迅速地荡涤反动政府留下来的污泥浊水，治好战争的创伤，建设起一个崭新的强盛的名副其实的人民共和国。”1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国成立，中国人民从此站起来了，在党的领导下开启了建设一个崭新的强盛的名副其实的人民共和国的历史进程。

Reform and opening up was a great awakening of our Party, powerfully advancing the historical process of building a strong country. On December 13, 1978, Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed in his speech “Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth from Facts, Unite as One and Look to the Future”: “Strive forward courageously to change our country’s backward appearance and build China into a strong modern socialist country!” [4]4 Deng Xiaoping, “Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth from Facts, Unite as One and Look to the Future,” December 13, 1978. Subsequently, Comrade Jiang Zemin proposed “building a prosperous, strong, democratic, and culturally advanced modern socialist country,” and Comrade Hu Jintao proposed “building a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious modern socialist country.” Since reform and opening up, we have clung to our goal unswervingly, advanced towards the great goal through wind and rain without hindrance, taken economic construction as the central task for rejuvenating the country, taken the Four Cardinal Principles as the foundation for building the country, taken reform and opening up as the path to strengthening the country, successfully initiated, upheld, defended, and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, and comprehensively enhanced our country’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, and comprehensive national power on the basis of continuously liberating and developing the productive forces.

改革开放是我们党的一次伟大觉醒，有力推动了强国建设的历史进程。1978年12月13日，邓小平同志在《解放思想，实事求是，团结一致向前看》这一讲话中提出：“为改变我国的落后面貌，把我国建成现代化的社会主义强国而奋勇前进！”此后，江泽民同志提出“建设富强民主文明的社会主义现代化国家”，胡锦涛同志提出“建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家”。改革开放以来，我们咬定青山不放松，风雨无阻朝着伟大目标前进，把以经济建设为中心作为兴国之要，把四项基本原则作为立国之本，把改革开放作为强国之路，成功开创、坚持、捍卫、发展中国特色社会主义，在不断解放和发展社会生产力的基础上全面增强了我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、综合国力。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “This New Era is an era of building on past achievements, forging ahead into the future, and continuing to win great victories for socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions; it is an era of securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and then comprehensively building a modern socialist country.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, “Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,” report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, October 18, 2017. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with great historical initiative, immense political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility, has driven the Party and the country to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic transformations, completed the historical task of eradicating absolute poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, realized the First Centenary Goal, and embarked on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching towards the Second Centenary Goal. Today, a socialist China full of vitality, vigor, and hope stands firm and tall in the East of the world, and no force can shake the status of our great motherland.

党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。习近平总书记指出：“这个新时代，是承前启后、继往开来、在新的历史条件下继续夺取中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的时代，是决胜全面建成小康社会、进而全面建设社会主义现代化强国的时代”。以习近平同志为核心的党中央，以伟大的历史主动、巨大的政治勇气、强烈的责任担当，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，完成脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的历史任务，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启了全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程。今天，一个充满生机、充满活力、充满希望的社会主义中国巍然屹立在世界东方，没有任何力量能够撼动我们伟大祖国的地位。

Over the past 75 years, through a journey of hacking a path through brambles and thorns, arduous exploration, and triumphant progress, our Party’s understanding of the modern socialist country has become increasingly profound. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief representative, have adhered to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, founded Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and elevated our Party’s understanding of what kind of modern socialist country to build and how to build it to a new level.

75年来，一路披荆斩棘，一路艰辛探索，一路凯歌行进，我们党对社会主义现代化强国的认识越来越深刻。特别是党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，把我们党对建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国的认识提高到新的水平。

Comprehensively building a modern socialist country bears on the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times. This great dream is the dream of a strong country.” [6]6 Xi The Chinese Dream is the dream of a strong country. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must comprehensively build a modern socialist country. Without comprehensively building a modern socialist country, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation would be impossible. The building of a strong country and national rejuvenation are closely linked. This determines that striving for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation must be concretely and realistically embodied in the actions of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

全面建成社会主义现代化强国，事关中华民族伟大复兴。习近平总书记指出：“实现中华民族伟大复兴是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。这个伟大的梦想，就是强国梦”。中国梦，是强国梦。我们要实现中华民族伟大复兴，就要全面建成社会主义现代化强国。不能全面建成社会主义现代化强国，中华民族伟大复兴就无从谈起。强国建设与民族复兴是紧密联系在一起的。这决定了为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗，就要具体而现实地体现到全面建成社会主义现代化强国的行动上。

The modern socialist country we aim to build is a strong country of a socialist nature. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Only socialism can save China; only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China.” [7]7 "The last leg of a journey just marks the halfway point" (行百里者半九十) is a classical Chinese idiom from the *Stratagems of the Warring States* (《战国策》), meaning that the closer one is to completing a difficult task, the more effort and vigilance are required. The nature, purpose, original aspiration and founding mission, beliefs, and policies of the Communist Party of China determine that we must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and build a modern socialist country, not some other type of modern strong country. The socialist nature determines that the goal of a strong country we pursue has a series of inherent stipulations, possesses its own fundamental political stance and distinct value orientation, consistently upholds the leadership of the Communist Party of China, consistently adheres to a people-centered approach, forever takes the people’s aspiration for a better life as the goal of struggle, and is fundamentally different from a strong country of a capitalist nature.

我们要建设的社会主义现代化强国，是社会主义性质的强国。习近平总书记指出：“只有社会主义才能救中国，只有中国特色社会主义才能发展中国”。中国共产党的性质宗旨、初心使命、信仰信念、政策主张决定了我们要坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，建设的是社会主义现代化强国，而不是别的什么现代化强国。社会主义性质决定了我们所追求的强国目标具有一系列内在规定性，具有自己的根本政治立场和鲜明价值取向，始终坚持中国共产党领导，始终坚持以人民为中心，永远把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，与资本主义性质的强国有着本质区别。

The modern socialist country we aim to build is a strong country built by adhering to the path of Chinese-path modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Practice has proven that Chinese-path modernization is feasible and stable; it is the only correct path for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.” [8]8 The Two Establishments (两个确立): The establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Modernization is a global trend, and realizing modernization is the common aspiration of people of all countries and a powerful driving force for the rise of strong countries. In today’s world, a strong country must be a country that has achieved modernization. For a country to achieve modernization, it must not only follow the general laws of modernization but also conform to its own actual conditions and possess its own characteristics. Chinese-path modernization possesses both the common features of modernization in various countries and distinctive features based on its own national conditions; it is the broad and bright path to comprehensively building a modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization, as well as the new form of human civilization it creates, determine that the modern socialist country we build will possess a high level of modernization.

我们要建设的社会主义现代化强国，是坚持走中国式现代化道路建成的强国。习近平总书记指出：“实践证明，中国式现代化走得通、行得稳，是强国建设、民族复兴的唯一正确道路。”现代化是一个世界性潮流，实现现代化是各国人民的共同向往，也是推动强国崛起的强大动力。当今世界，一个强国必定是实现现代化的国家。一个国家走向现代化，既要遵循现代化一般规律，更要符合本国实际，具有本国特色。中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的鲜明特色，是全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的康庄大道。中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求、重大原则及其创造的人类文明新形态，决定了我们建设的社会主义现代化强国具有高度现代化水平。

The great modern socialist country we aim to build is a country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Our goal is to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of this century.” The strength of a great power is not merely economic or military strength. The strength of a great modern socialist country is the organic unity of prosperity, strength, democracy, cultural advancement, harmony, and beauty; it is the comprehensive elevation of material civilization, political civilization, cultural-ethical progress, social civilization, and ecological civilization. This determines that in building a great modern socialist country we must advance in a coordinated way the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, embodying the requirement of “comprehensiveness.” In the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized building a strong manufacturing sector, a strong quality sector, a strong space industry, a strong transportation sector, a strong cyber sector, a strong agricultural sector, a strong maritime sector, a strong trade sector, a strong education sector, a strong science and technology sector, a strong talent sector, a strong cultural sector, a strong sports sector, a strong financial sector, and so on. What this embodies is precisely the requirement of “comprehensiveness,” and what it pursues is precisely the organic unity of prosperity, strength, democracy, cultural advancement, harmony, and beauty.

我们要建设的社会主义现代化强国，是富强民主文明和谐美丽的强国。习近平总书记指出：“我们的目标是，到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。”强国之强，不仅仅是经济之强、军事之强。社会主义现代化强国之强，是富强、民主、文明、和谐、美丽的有机统一，是物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明的全面提升。这决定了我们建设社会主义现代化强国必须统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，体现“全面”的要求。新时代，习近平总书记强调建设制造强国、质量强国、航天强国、交通强国、网络强国、农业强国、海洋强国、贸易强国、教育强国、科技强国、人才强国、文化强国、体育强国、金融强国等，体现的正是“全面”的要求，追求的正是富强、民主、文明、和谐、美丽的有机统一。

The great modern socialist country we aim to build is a country that safeguards world peace and development and promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The Chinese lion has awakened, but it is a

我们要建设的社会主义现代化强国，是维护世界和平与发展、推动构建人类命运共同体的强国。习近平总书记指出：“中国这头狮子已经醒了，但这是一只和平的、可亲的、文明的狮子。”世界历史上，一些强国的崛起之路伴随着掠夺、欺凌，一些国家更是奉行国强必霸的逻辑。中国的发展绝不走殖民掠夺的老路，也绝不走国强必霸的歪路，而是走和平发展的人间正道。这不是权宜之计，更不是外交辞令。在和平和安全问题上，中国是世界上纪录最好的大国，也是世界上唯一将坚持走和平发展道路写进宪法的国家。中国深知人类是一个一荣俱荣、一损俱损的命运共同体，中国致力于构建人类命运共同体。中国越发展，对世界和平与发展就越有利。全面建成社会主义现代化强国的中国，将与各国携手应对挑战、实现共同繁荣，推动人类社会实现更加安全、更加繁荣的和平共处。

To fully build a modern socialist country in all respects, China will become a leading nation in composite national strength and international influence, common prosperity for all the people will be basically realized, the Chinese people will enjoy a happier and healthier life, and the Chinese nation will stand tall and proud among the nations of the world with a more vigorous posture. This is the goal that the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people have assiduously pursued. To achieve this goal, our Party has made a two-step strategic arrangement: basically realize socialist modernization from 2020 to 2035; and from 2035 to the middle of this century, build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.

全面建成社会主义现代化强国，我国将成为综合国力和国际影响力领先的国家，全体人民共同富裕基本实现，我国人民将享有更加幸福安康的生活，中华民族将以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界民族之林。这是中国共产党和中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。为了实现这一奋斗目标，我们党作出两步走战略安排，即：从2020年到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化；从2035年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。

The Critical Period Requires Carrying Forward the Cause and Forging Ahead with Enterprise

关键时期必须继往开来、奋发进取

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC states: "The next five years will be the critical period for getting off to a good start in building a modern socialist country in all respects." The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC states: "The current and future period is a critical period for advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese-path modernization." Fully building a modern socialist country in all respects is the second centenary goal established by our Party, and now we are getting closer and closer to this goal. At the same time, we must soberly recognize that no country in the world can become a strong power smoothly; the closer one gets to the goal, the more unprecedented pressure one will bear. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the reception celebrating the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China: "After 75 years of arduous struggle, Chinese-path modernization has unfolded a magnificent picture and shown an extremely bright and promising prospect. At the same time, the path ahead cannot be a broad and smooth highway; there will inevitably be difficulties and obstacles, and we may encounter major tests of high winds and choppy waters, or even treacherous storms." We must base ourselves on this important historical juncture of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, stand high and see far, coordinate both domestic and international situations, always maintain the sobriety that the last leg of a journey just marks the halfway point [7]7 "The last leg of a journey just marks the halfway point" (行百里者半九十) is a classical Chinese idiom from the *Stratagems of the Warring States* (《战国策》), meaning that the closer one is to completing a difficult task, the more effort and vigilance are required., and carry forward the cause and forge ahead with enterprise in this critical period.

党的二十大报告提出：“未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期”。党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出：“当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。”全面建成社会主义现代化强国，是我们党确立的第二个百年奋斗目标，现在我们离目标已经越来越近。同时要清醒认识到，世界上任何一个国家要发展为强国都不是顺顺当当的，越是接近目标越会承受前所未有的压力。习近平总书记在庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年招待会上强调：“经过75年的艰苦奋斗，中国式现代化已经展开壮美画卷并呈现出无比光明灿烂的前景。同时，前进道路不可能一马平川，必定会有艰难险阻，可能遇到风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。”我们要立足中华人民共和国成立75周年这一重要历史节点，登高望远，统筹国内国际两个大局，始终保持行百里者半九十的清醒，在关键时期继往开来、奋发进取。

In this critical period, facing a severe and complex international environment, we must maintain strategic resolve, effectively respond to major risks and challenges, and promote the steady and sustained progress of building a modern socialist country in all respects. Today, we are confronted with the gathering of forces in a world of changes unseen in a century: the Ukraine crisis and the Palestine-Israel conflict drag on without end, the world economic recovery is weak, and global challenges such as climate change are becoming increasingly severe. Anti-globalization sentiment is rising, unilateralism and protectionism are markedly increasing, and hegemonism and power politics pose serious threats to world peace and development. In particular, we must see that some external forces are containing, encircling, and suppressing our country, and are deliberately obstructing our historical process of fully building a modern socialist country in all respects and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Overall, the complexity, severity, and uncertainty of the external environment have markedly increased. It should be recognized that a country, in the process of becoming a strong power, is prone to encountering suppression from external forces. Currently, some countries, in order to maintain their own hegemonic status, relentlessly suppress countries that threaten their position. The "Thucydides Trap" is not a historical inevitability and can be completely avoided, but if hegemonism and Cold War mentality always haunt us, then it will be unavoidable for us to bear external pressure; this is not subject to our will. We must be fully prepared mentally and in our work for this.

关键时期，面对严峻复杂的国际环境，我们要保持战略定力，有效应对重大风险挑战，推动全面建设社会主义现代化国家行稳致远。今天，我们面对的是世界百年变局的风云际会：乌克兰危机、巴以冲突延宕不止，世界经济复苏乏力，气候变化等全球性挑战日益严峻。逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义和保护主义明显上升，霸权主义和强权政治给世界和平与发展带来严重威胁。特别要看到，一些外部势力对我国进行遏制、围堵、打压，处心积虑阻滞我们全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。总体看，外部环境复杂性、严峻性、不确定性明显上升。应该认识到，一个国家在成为强国的过程中，容易遭遇外部势力的打压。当前，有的国家为维护自身霸权地位，对威胁其地位的国家进行毫不留情的打压。“修昔底德陷阱”并非历史必然，完全可以避免，但如果霸权主义、冷战思维总是阴魂不散，那么我们承受外部压力就难以避免，这不是以我们的意志为转移的。对此我们必须有足够的思想准备和工作准备。

Faced with profound changes in the external environment, we must both enhance our awareness of potential dangers and strengthen our bottom-line thinking, and also adhere to self-confidence and self-reliance and establish a firm belief in victory. We must analyze the mechanisms of evolution and explore historical laws from the long river of history, the tide of the times, and the global situation, propose corresponding strategies and tactics, and promote the steady and sustained progress of building a modern socialist country in all respects. Since the beginning of this year, in the face of the unfavorable situation where some countries engage in "small yard, high fences" and "decoupling and severing supply chains," various regions and departments in our country have seized opportunities, forged ahead under pressure, and helped foreign trade enterprises go global to grab orders and expand markets. Amid the complex and severe foreign trade situation, China's foreign trade has still shown full resilience. In the first seven months of this year, the total import and export volume of China's goods trade hit a record high for the same period in history. Facts have fully demonstrated that changes in the external environment are not terrible; the strategic schemes of some countries that act against the times and against the trend lack moral support and violate the laws of development, inevitably causing their own strategic dilemmas. China adheres to the path of peaceful development, has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a defender of the international order, shares broad converging interests with various countries, and has vast space for development. We must accurately identify the times and the situation, dangers and opportunities, advantages and disadvantages, actively recognize, adapt to, and drive change, and mobilize and utilize all positive factors brought about by changes in the situation. Faced with the profound changes in the external environment during the critical period, the vast number of Party members and cadres must enhance their awareness of crisis, opportunity, and innovation, not wait or rely on others, forge ahead with keen determination, dare to sail against the wind, be adept at seeking development in a more unstable and uncertain world, estimate difficulties more fully, think more thoroughly about measures to solve problems, do all work more solidly, be adept at turning crises into opportunities, and use the certainty of their own work to respond to the uncertainty of changes in the situation.

面对外部环境的深刻变化，我们既要增强忧患意识、强化底线思维，又要坚持自信自立、树立必胜信念，从历史长河、时代大潮、全球风云中分析演变机理、探究历史规律，提出因应的战略策略，推动全面建设社会主义现代化国家行稳致远。今年以来，面对有的国家搞“小院高墙”“脱钩断链”的不利形势，我国各地区各部门抢抓机遇、顶压前行，助力外贸企业走出去抢订单、拓市场，在复杂严峻的外贸形势中我国外贸仍然展现出十足韧性。今年前7个月，我国货物贸易进出口规模创历史同期新高。事实充分说明，外部环境发生变化并不可怕，有的国家逆时而动、逆势而动的战略图谋缺乏道义支撑、违背发展规律，不可避免造成自身的战略困境。中国坚持走和平发展道路，始终是世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者，同各国有着广泛的利益交汇点，具有广阔的发展空间。我们要准确识别时与势、危与机、利与弊，主动识变应变求变，调动和运用好形势变化带来的一切积极因素。面对关键时期外部环境的深刻变化，广大党员干部要增强危机意识、机遇意识、创新意识，不等不靠、锐意进取，勇于开顶风船，善于在一个更加不稳定不确定的世界中谋求发展，把困难估计得更充分一些，把解决问题的措施想得更周到一些，把各项工作做得更扎实一些，善于化危为机，以自身工作的确定性应对形势变化的不确定性。

In this critical period, facing the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, we must firmly grasp high-quality development as the primary task, further deepen reform comprehensively, and seize the historical initiative in comprehensively building a modern socialist country. The profound changes in the external environment and the severe and complex international situation are all external factors. Whether we can comprehensively build a modern socialist country ultimately depends on internal factors, on whether we can concentrate on handling our own affairs well. High-quality development is the primary task in comprehensively building a modern socialist country and the hard truth of the New Era. Whether the goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country can be achieved as scheduled hinges on whether we can grasp and implement high-quality development as the primary task; this is the decisive internal factor. Facing the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, we must hit the nail on the head, seize the key, and concentrate our efforts on promoting high-quality development, achieving effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy. Since the 1960s, among more than 100 middle-income economies globally, only a dozen have successfully entered the ranks of high-income economies. Those countries that succeeded achieved a shift from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement in economic development after experiencing a period of high-speed growth. Those that stagnated or even regressed failed to achieve this fundamental transformation. China's total economic output has been firmly in second place worldwide, but the structure and efficiency of economic development urgently need improvement. Promoting high-quality development is an inevitable choice following the laws of economic development and a major historical hurdle that China must cross to comprehensively build a modern socialist country.

关键时期，面对艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我们要紧紧抓住高质量发展这个首要任务，进一步全面深化改革，把握全面建设社会主义现代化国家历史主动。外部环境深刻变化，国际环境严峻复杂，这些都属于外因。能不能全面建成社会主义现代化强国，归根结底要看内因，看我们能不能集中精力办好自己的事情。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，是新时代的硬道理。全面建成社会主义现代化强国的目标能否如期实现，关键就看能否抓住抓好高质量发展这个首要任务，这是决定性的内因。面对艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我们要切中肯綮、抓住关键，聚精会神推动高质量发展，实现经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长。上世纪60年代以来，全球100多个中等收入经济体中只有十几个成功进入高收入经济体。那些取得成功的国家，就是在经历高速增长阶段后实现了经济发展从量的扩张转向质的提高。那些徘徊不前甚至倒退的国家，就是没有实现这种根本性转变。我国经济总量已经稳居世界第二位，但经济发展的结构、效益还亟须提升。推动高质量发展，是遵循经济发展规律的必然选择，也是我国全面建成社会主义现代化强国必须跨越的重大历史关口。

The transition from a period of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development is not easy; it requires climbing slopes, crossing hurdles, and overcoming difficulties. We must accelerate the achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, which is the only path for promoting high-quality development; we must accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, which is the strategic foundation for promoting high-quality development; we must develop new quality productive forces, which is the inherent requirement and key focus of promoting high-quality development… Since the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made a series of major decisions and deployments, making high-quality development a consensus and conscious action of the entire Party and society. High-quality development has become the main theme and has achieved notable results. At the same time, we must recognize that promoting high-quality development involves a series of profound changes in concepts, production methods, and interest patterns that need to be fully advanced, and a series of difficulties, blockages, and bottlenecks need to be broken through. Moreover, high-quality development is not merely an economic requirement but a general requirement for all aspects of economic and social development. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party made comprehensive deployments for further deepening reform comprehensively, identifying over 300 major reform measures, which are of great significance for promoting high-quality development. We must thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, further deepen reform comprehensively, and use reform to remove obstacles, open channels, create space, inject momentum, and provide guarantees for high-quality development. The vast number of Party members and cadres must deeply understand the great significance of promoting high-quality development for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, forge ahead with vigour, and seize opportunities to work hard, never wasting time and energy on formalism. We must promote the implementation of reforms with a strong sense of responsibility, mission, and urgency, act as promoters and doers of reform, and continuously achieve new results in promoting high-quality development.

高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段并不容易，需要爬坡过坎、攻坚克难。要加快实现高水平科技自立自强，这是推动高质量发展的必由之路；要加快构建新发展格局，这是推动高质量发展的战略基点；要发展新质生产力，这是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点……新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出一系列重大决策部署，推动高质量发展成为全党全社会的共识和自觉行动，高质量发展成为主旋律，取得明显成效。同时要看到，推动高质量发展，一系列涉及思想观念、生产方式、利益格局的深刻变革需要全力推进，一系列难点卡点堵点需要重点突破。而且，高质量发展不只是一个经济要求，而是对经济社会发展方方面面的总要求。党的二十届三中全会对进一步全面深化改革作出全面部署，确定了300多项重大改革举措，对于推动高质量发展具有重大意义。必须深入学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神，进一步全面深化改革，以改革为高质量发展清除障碍、打开通道、开辟空间、注入动力、提供保障。广大党员干部要深刻认识推动高质量发展对于全面建成社会主义现代化强国的重大意义，奋发进取，看准了就抓紧干，决不能把时间和精力花在搞形式主义那一套上。要以强烈的责任感、使命感、紧迫感抓好改革落实，做改革的促进派、实干家，推动高质量发展不断取得新成效。

In this critical period, we carry forward the past and open up the future, and there is much we can and must accomplish. The situation compels us; if we do not advance, we will fall behind. The situation urges us on; time waits for no one. We must carry forward the historical initiative, maintain the sober-mindedness that the last leg of a journey just marks the halfway point, and roll up our sleeves to work harder.

关键时期，承前启后、继往开来，大有可为，也必须大有作为。形势逼人，不进则退；形势催人，时不我待。我们必须发扬历史主动精神，保持行百里者半九十的清醒，撸起袖子加油干。

Turning the Grand Blueprint for Comprehensively Building a Modern Socialist Country into a Beautiful Reality

把全面建成社会主义现代化强国的宏伟蓝图变为美好现实

Over the 75 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, our Party has united and led the people through trials and hardships, traversing countless mountains and rivers and creating countless miracles. On the new journey, we must continue to forge ahead with vigour, march towards a bright future, and create new glories. We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, resolutely achieve the Two Upholds, closely unite around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, unite under the Party's banner like "a solid piece of steel," comprehensively advance the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and turn the grand blueprint for comprehensively building a modern socialist country into a beautiful reality.

中华人民共和国成立75年来，我们党团结带领人民风雨兼程，走过千山万水，创造了无数奇迹。新征程上，我们还要奋发进取，奔赴远大前程，创造新的辉煌。要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，坚决做到“两个维护”，紧密团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，在党的旗帜下团结成“一块坚硬的钢铁”，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，把全面建成社会主义现代化强国的宏伟蓝图变为美好现实。

Guiding the Great Cause of Building a Strong Country and National Rejuvenation with Scientific Thought and Theory. Throughout world history, numerous large and small countries have emerged, but only a few have ultimately become or once were strong powers. In the same era, among a group of countries with comparable geographical conditions, resource endowments, and development foundations, why does one country, rather than others, rise to become a strong power? In exploring the path to becoming a strong power, the reasons are certainly not singular, but a very important factor is whether the development strategy is appropriate, especially the strategic choices made during critical periods. Historically, some countries, precisely due to strategic choice errors during the critical period of moving towards becoming a strong power, fell short at the last hurdle. Behind strategic planning lies thought and theory. Without the guidance of scientific thought and theory, it is difficult to have scientific strategic planning. Scientific thought and theory can profoundly grasp the essence of historical movements and the direction of the times, creatively reveal the laws of human social development, and provide scientific guidance for strategic planning and strategic choices. It is in this sense that the sword is always defeated by thought, and this is even more so for the development of a country.

以科学思想理论指引强国建设、民族复兴伟业。世界历史上，大大小小的国家层出不穷，但最终能够成为强国、曾经成为强国的只是少数。同一时代，在地理条件、资源禀赋、发展基础不相上下的一批国家中，为什么是某一国家而不是其他国家崛起为强国？探寻强国之道，其中的原因当然不是单一的，但一个十分重要的原因就是发展战略是否得当，特别是关键时期的战略选择更是至关重要。历史上，有的国家在向强国迈进的关键时期，正是因为战略选择失误导致功亏一篑。战略谋划的背后是思想理论，没有科学思想理论的指引，就难有科学的战略谋划。科学思想理论能够深刻把握历史运动的本质和时代发展的方向，创造性揭示人类社会发展规律，为战略谋划、战略选择提供科学指引。正是从这个意义上说，利剑总是败在思想手下，对于一个国家的发展来说更是如此。

Currently, China is in a critical period of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. The international situation is chaotic, intertwined, and complex, and competition between countries is fiercer than ever. This especially requires us to use scientific thought to guide our path forward. This scientific thought is Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era scientifically answers the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, deepening the understanding of the laws of governance by the Communist Party, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of human social development from a new perspective. Adhering to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we can make accurate strategic judgments, scientific strategic plans, and gain the strategic initiative. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the reason our Party has been able to formulate correct strategies at major historical junctures and overcome a series of major risks and challenges is precisely due to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The vast number of Party members and cadres must thoroughly study and deeply understand Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially transforming its worldview, methodology, and the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods running through it into their own scientific thinking methods, using them as the "master key" for studying and solving problems, and in their work, being adept at grasping the essence of things, grasping the laws of development, grasping the key points of work, and grasping policy scales, thereby enhancing the scientific nature, foresight, initiative, and creativity of their work.

当前，我国正处于以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期，国际形势变乱交织、错综复杂，国家之间的竞争较之以往更加激烈，尤其需要我们以科学思想指引前行之路，这一科学思想就是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学回答了中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，以全新视野深化了对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识。坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，我们就能在战略上判断得准确，在战略上谋划得科学，在战略上赢得主动。党的十八大以来，我们党之所以能够在重大历史关头制定正确的战略，战胜一系列重大风险挑战，就是因为有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。广大党员干部必须学深悟透习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，特别是要把这一重要思想的世界观、方法论和贯穿其中的立场观点方法转化为自己的科学思想方法，作为研究问题、解决问题的“总钥匙”，在工作中做到善于把握事物本质、把握发展规律、把握工作关键、把握政策尺度，增强工作科学性、预见性、主动性、创造性。

Ensuring the Great Cause of Building a Strong Country and National Rejuvenation with a Strong Leadership Core. Since the world entered the era of party politics, political parties have become the leading force guiding and driving the modernization process. The values, leadership level, governance capacity, spirit, and willpower of a political party directly affect the future and destiny of a country's modernization. Whether a political party can become a strong leadership force directly affects whether a country can become a strong power. Looking back on the 75-year development history since the founding of the People's Republic of China, it is precisely under the strong leadership of the Party that we have created the path of Chinese-path modernization and created the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Party leadership determines the fundamental nature of Chinese-path modernization, ensures that Chinese-path modernization is anchored to the goal and advances steadily, stimulates the strong momentum for building Chinese-path modernization, and promotes the continuous solid progress of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

以坚强领导核心保障强国建设、民族复兴伟业。当世界发展进入政党政治时代之后，政党成为引领和推动现代化进程的主导力量，政党的价值理念、领导水平、治理能力、精神风貌、意志品质直接关系一个国家现代化的前途命运，政党能否成为坚强领导力量直接关系一个国家能否成为强国。回顾中华人民共和国成立75年来的发展历程，正是在党的坚强领导下，我们创造了中国式现代化道路，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹。党的领导决定中国式现代化的根本性质，确保中国式现代化锚定奋斗目标行稳致远，激发建设中国式现代化的强劲动力，推动全面建设社会主义现代化国家不断迈出坚实步伐。

Upholding Party leadership requires resolutely safeguarding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The fundamental reason why such great transformations could occur in the New Era, and why the cause of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation could press the “fast-forward button” and run at “accelerated speed,” lies in the helm-steering of General

坚持党的领导，必须坚决维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，坚决维护以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导。新时代之所以能够发生如此伟大的变革，强国建设、民族复兴伟业之所以能按下“快进键”、跑出“加速度”，根本在于有习近平总书记领航掌舵、有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。有习近平总书记领航掌舵，全党就有“顶梁柱”，14亿多中国人民就有“主心骨”。党的二十届三中全会《决定》紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化这个主题擘画进一步全面深化改革战略举措，对于以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业具有重大而深远的意义。我们这么大一个国家，推进如此广泛而深刻的社会变革，离开党的领导是难以想象的，党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。在进一步全面深化改革进程中，各级党委（党组）和广大党员干部要坚决听从党中央指挥，始终向党中央看齐，同党中央要求对标对表，始终在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致。

Advance the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation with the mighty force of the people. Our Party was born for the people and thrives because of the people. Fully building a modern socialist country is precisely about enabling the Chinese people to enjoy a happier and healthier life, enabling the Chinese nation to stand tall among the nations of the world with a more confident posture, and better safeguarding world peace and development through its own development. At the same time, the people are the greatest source of strength for our Party’s governance and the solid foundation of our republic; fully building a modern socialist country must rely closely on the people. Our Party has traversed a history of more than one hundred years, and the People’s Republic of China has traversed seventy-five years. Along the way, braving wind and rain, weathering every danger and difficulty, how arduous and yet how great this journey has been. At every critical juncture and pivotal moment, the people have always dedicated and struggled with a profound sense of family and country, bearing the responsibility for the nation’s rise and fall. The people have always been the fundamental force that enables us to advance undaunted and sing as we march. At this historical juncture of advancing toward a strong country, the vast numbers of Party members and leading cadres must maintain close ties with the masses, always standing together, thinking together, and working together with the people. This is the greatest political advantage of our Party as a Marxist political party, and the more critical the period, the more this advantage must be strengthened.

以人民磅礴力量推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。我们党为人民而生、因人民而兴，全面建成社会主义现代化强国，为的就是让中国人民享有更加幸福安康的生活，让中华民族以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界民族之林，并以自身发展更好维护世界和平与发展。同时，人民是我们党执政的最大底气，是我们共和国的坚实根基，全面建成社会主义现代化强国必须紧紧依靠人民。我们党走过一百多年历程，中华人民共和国走过75年历程，一路走来，栉风沐雨，备历险夷，何其艰辛又何其伟大，每到紧要关头、关键时期，人民总是以兴亡有责的深厚家国情怀奉献与奋斗，人民始终是我们风雨无阻、高歌行进的根本力量。在向强国迈进的历史当口，广大党员干部要密切联系群众，始终同人民站在一起、想在一起、干在一起。这是我们党作为马克思主义政党的最大政治优势，越是关键时期越是要强化这一优势。

“Everything people strive for is related to their interests.” To rely closely on the people and gather the mighty force for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, we must adhere to a people-centered approach and ensure that the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly. It is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the guiding principles of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, plan and advance reform from the perspective of the people’s overall, fundamental, and long-term interests, and take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the people’s well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal of further deepening reform comprehensively. The vast numbers of Party members and leading cadres must share hardships, joys, and sorrows with the masses, and strive together with them. They should devise more plans to benefit the people’s livelihoods and resolve more of their concerns, adhere to the principle of “attaining the broad and grasping the subtle,”[11]11 A classical allusion from *The Doctrine of the Mean* (《中庸》), meaning to both pursue the grand and comprehensive and attend to the minute and detailed aspects of affairs. take concrete and effective measures in areas such as employment for disadvantaged groups, medical care and elderly care for seniors, and the upbringing and education of children, and concretely implement the comprehensive building of a modern socialist country in the people’s daily necessities of clothing, food, housing, and transport, so that everyone can truly feel the warmth of the Party and the government. By striving for the interests of the people and ensuring that the fruits of reform and development truly benefit all the people, the people will genuinely regard the comprehensive building of a modern socialist country as their own cause to pursue. With more than 1.4 billion people, if each person contributes their heart and strength, each person adds a measure of confidence and strengthens a measure of conviction, and all work together on one task, it will converge into a torrent that can break through all obstacles, and no force can stop our march toward fully building a modern socialist country.

“人们奋斗所争取的一切，都同他们的利益有关。”紧紧依靠人民，汇聚全面建设社会主义现代化国家的磅礴力量，就要坚持以人民为中心，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。必须深入学习贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，从人民整体利益、根本利益、长远利益出发谋划和推进改革，把促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉作为进一步全面深化改革的出发点和落脚点。广大党员干部要与群众同甘苦、共忧乐、共奋进，多谋民生之利、多解民生之忧，坚持“致广大而尽精微”，在困难群体就业、老人就医养老、孩子抚养教育等方面出实招求实效，把全面建设社会主义现代化国家具体落实到人民群众的衣食住行、柴米油盐上，让每一个人都切实感受到党和政府的温暖。为了人民的利益而奋斗，让改革发展的成果真正惠及全体人民，人民就能真正把全面建设社会主义现代化国家当成自己的事业去奔赴。14亿多人，每一个人都尽一份心、出一份力，每一个人都增一分信心、强一分信念，共同干一件事，就能汇聚成冲破一切险阻的洪流，就没有任何力量能够阻挡我们全面建成社会主义现代化强国的步伐。

Fully building a modern socialist country—so many dreams, so many aspirations, so many people have struggled and sacrificed for it. Standing at the historical juncture of the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China and looking to the future, the magnificent picture of fully building a modern socialist country is deeply inspiring, and the beautiful prospect of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation stirs the heart. By 2035, to basically realize socialist modernization, and by the middle of this century, to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful—we are fortunate to live in this era and must not let it down. This is the luck history has bestowed upon us, and it is also the responsibility history has entrusted to us.

全面建成社会主义现代化强国，多少梦想，多少憧憬，多少人为之奋斗、为之献身。站在中华人民共和国成立75周年的历史节点上展望未来，全面建成社会主义现代化强国的壮丽图景令人心驰神往，强国建设、民族复兴的美好画卷让人心潮澎湃。到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，我们生逢其时，不可辜负。这是历史给予我们的幸运，更是历史赋予我们的责任。

Online editor: Jin Qiu

网络编辑：金秋