The Interpretive Method of Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively

The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, builds on the achievements and experience of reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform. Closely adhering to the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization, it systematically deploys the importance and necessity, guiding ideology, overall objectives, principles, and specific tasks of further deepening reform comprehensively, clarifies the action path and practical strategy for advancing Chinese-path modernization, and reveals the intrinsic relationship between further deepening reform comprehensively and Chinese-path modernization. So, how does the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee narrate the further deepening of reform comprehensively and the advancement of Chinese-path modernization? What are the specific methods for interpreting further deepening reform comprehensively? This article intends to conduct a preliminary exploration of these questions to deepen the understanding of the narrative logic of the “Decision.”

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），在总结改革开放以来特别是全面深化改革成就、经验的基础上，紧扣推进中国式现代化这一主题，对进一步全面深化改革的重要性和必要性、指导思想、总目标、原则、具体任务进行了系统部署，明确了推进中国式现代化的行动路径和实践方略，揭示了进一步全面深化改革和中国式现代化的内在关系。那么，党的二十届三中全会对于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化是如何叙事的？阐释进一步全面深化改革的具体方法是什么？本文拟就此进行初略探讨，以深化对《决定》叙事逻辑的认识。

I. Interpreting Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively Based on Achievements and Experience

一、基于成就和经验阐释进一步全面深化改革

China’s reform and opening up has traversed an extraordinary journey of over 40 years, undergoing a historical evolution from reform, to comprehensive reform, to deepening reform, to comprehensively deepening reform, and then to further deepening reform comprehensively. Reform in the new period often focused on a specific field or aspect, such as launching reform measures around problems in the economy, science and technology, education, culture, and society, improving systems and mechanisms to achieve reform effects. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee brought reform into the stage of comprehensive deepening, enhancing the integrity, systematicity, and synergy of reform. Further deepening reform comprehensively occurs on the basis of reform, comprehensive reform, deepening reform, and comprehensively deepening reform; summarizing the achievements and experience of reform, especially comprehensively deepening reform, is the logical starting point for interpreting further deepening reform comprehensively.

中国改革开放已走过40多年不平凡的路程，经历了从改革、全面改革、深化改革到全面深化改革，再到进一步全面深化改革的历史演进。新时期的改革往往侧重某一领域、某一方面，如围绕经济、科技、教育、文化、社会等领域存在的问题推出改革举措，完善体制机制，以收获改革效果。党的十八届三中全会使改革进入全面深化阶段，改革的整体性、系统性、协同性增强。进一步全面深化改革是在改革、全面改革、深化改革、全面深化改革基础上发生的，总结改革特别是全面深化改革的成就和经验是阐释进一步全面深化改革的逻辑起点。

“History is the best textbook.” Summarizing history and drawing on historical experience is the foundation for continuing to advance. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the people to

“历史是最好的教科书”，总结历史、借鉴历史经验是继续前行的基础。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领人民，冲破思想观念束缚，突破利益固化藩篱，敢于突进深水区、啃硬骨头、涉险滩，“实现改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，各领域基础性制度框架基本建立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构”。这是全面深化改革取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革，彰显了党的十八届三中全会的划时代意义。总结全面深化改革的成就，为阐释进一步全面深化改革作了重要铺垫。

Reform and opening up, and especially comprehensively deepening reform, have accumulated rich historical experience. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC summarized and encapsulated this experience in six aspects: upholding the Party’s overall leadership, adhering to a people-centered approach, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, taking institutional development as a main thread, adhering to law-based governance in all respects, and adhering to a systems perspective. The “Six Upholdings” [1]1 The “Six Upholdings” (六个坚持) refer to the six principles for further comprehensively deepening reform summarized by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in 2024: upholding the Party’s overall leadership, adhering to a people-centered approach, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, taking institutional development as a main thread, adhering to law-based governance in all respects, and adhering to a systems perspective. incorporate Xi Jinping’s summary of the historical experience of reform and opening up in his speech at the conference celebrating the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, embody the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, reflect the characteristics of the practice of comprehensively deepening reform, and represent a rational distillation of the practical experience of comprehensively deepening reform. Upholding the Party’s leadership over all work, adhering to a people-centered approach, and upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics are the historical experiences summarized by Xi Jinping in his speech at the conference celebrating the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up; adhering to putting the people first, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and adhering to a systems perspective are important manifestations of the worldview, methodology, and the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods that run through Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The summary of the historical experience of comprehensively deepening reform by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC drew on and integrated some previous formulations, achieving integrated innovation. Law-based governance in all respects is one of the contents of the “Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy” [2]2 The “Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy” (四个全面) is a strategic layout proposed by Xi Jinping, comprising comprehensively building a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the nation according to law, and comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline.; taking “adhering to law-based governance in all respects” as one of the historical experiences of comprehensively deepening reform highlights the status of the rule of law in reform, especially in the process of comprehensively deepening reform. When deploying further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC fully utilized this experience, taking it as a principle for further comprehensively deepening reform, and while interpreting its specific connotations, clarified the practical requirements. The “Six Upholdings” are the fundamental guidelines for further comprehensively deepening reform, representing an organic unity of principles and methods.

改革开放特别是全面深化改革积累了丰富历史经验，党的二十届三中全会从六个方面进行了总结和概括，即坚持党的全面领导、坚持以人民为中心、坚持守正创新、坚持以制度建设为主线、坚持全面依法治国、坚持系统观念。“六个坚持”吸收了习近平在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的讲话对改革开放历史经验的总结，蕴含了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，体现了全面深化改革实践的特点，是全面深化改革实践经验的理性升华。坚持党对一切工作的领导、坚持以人民为中心、坚持完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，是习近平在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上讲话总结的历史经验；坚持人民至上、坚持守正创新、坚持系统观念，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观、方法论和贯穿其中的立场观点方法的重要体现。党的二十届三中全会对全面深化改革历史经验的总结，借鉴、整合了原有的一些概括，实现了集成性创新。全面依法治国是“四个全面”的内容之一，将“坚持全面依法治国”作为全面深化改革的历史经验之一，彰显了法治在改革特别是全面深化改革过程中的地位。党的二十届三中全会在部署进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化时，充分运用了这些经验，将其作为进一步全面深化改革的原则，在诠释具体内涵的同时，明确了实践要求。“六个坚持”是进一步全面深化改革的根本遵循，是原则与方法的有机统一。

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC deployed the specific tasks for further comprehensively deepening reform, fully reflecting the principled requirements of the “Six Upholdings.” The Communist Party of China is the top-level designer and practical explorer of further comprehensively deepening reform, determining the direction and effectiveness of further comprehensively deepening reform. Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform; upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over further comprehensively deepening reform and deepening the reform of the Party building system are concrete embodiments of the principle of “upholding the Party’s overall leadership.” The people are the creators of history, the drivers of social change, and also the main force for further comprehensively deepening reform. When interpreting the importance and necessity of further comprehensively deepening reform, the *Decision* [3]3 The *Decision* refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024. emphasizes that further comprehensively deepening reform is an inevitable requirement for adhering to a people-centered approach and allowing the fruits of modernization to benefit all people more and more fairly; when deploying the system for ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods, it emphasizes that ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods through development is a major task of Chinese-path modernization; when deploying the deepening of the reform of the science and technology system, it takes “serving the people’s life and health” as one of the orientations of the science and technology system reform; when deploying the improvement of the systems and mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development, it emphasizes that “people’s cities are built by the people, and people’s cities serve the people”; when deploying the deepening of the reform of the cultural systems and mechanisms, it emphasizes adhering to a people-centered creative orientation. These provisions and requirements are concrete embodiments of the principle of “adhering to a people-centered approach.” Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization, and further comprehensively deepening reform is a reform to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC focused on the establishment, improvement, and perfection of systems, mechanisms, and institutions, putting forward a series of new ideas for institutional construction, such as exploring the establishment of a personal bankruptcy system, a high-tech talent immigration system, and a unified national population management system; accelerating the establishment of systems for data property rights determination, market transactions, rights distribution, and interest protection, a housing system that supports both renting and purchasing, and a long-term care protection system; establishing an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises fulfilling their strategic missions, an enterprise R&D reserve fund system, a system for the separate management of job-related scientific and technological achievements, a system for reporting on the implementation of the Constitution, a cultural heritage protection supervision system, a childbirth subsidy system, and an artificial intelligence safety supervision system. These systems are constructed to meet the needs of modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity, and are concrete implementations of the principle of “upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground.” Improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic process; “existing systems need continuous improvement, and new fields and new practices require promoting institutional innovation and filling institutional gaps.” The *Decision* covers a wide range of areas and has rich content, with the focus on the establishment, improvement, and perfection of systems, mechanisms, and institutions, implementing the principle of “taking institutional development as a main thread.” The rule of law is an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. The *Decision* deploys tasks around improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, proposing specific tasks such as deepening reform in the legislative field, deeply advancing law-based administration, improving systems and mechanisms for fair and impartial law enforcement and judicature, improving mechanisms for advancing the construction of a law-based society, and strengthening the construction of foreign-related rule of law, reflecting the principle of “adhering to law-based governance in all respects.” The *Decision* emphasizes that further comprehensively deepening reform should “pay more attention to systemic integration,” uses the “Seven Focal Points” [4]4 The “Seven Focal Points” (七个聚焦) are the priority areas for further comprehensively deepening reform outlined in the *Decision* of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, covering areas such as the economy, politics, culture, society, ecology, national security, and Party building. to define the priorities of further comprehensively deepening reform, clarifies the specific tasks of further comprehensively deepening reform from fourteen aspects, and carries out overall planning and systematic layout for further comprehensively deepening reform, enabling reforms in various aspects to coordinate with each other and be synergistic and efficient, reflecting the principle of “adhering to a systems perspective.” The “Six Upholdings” are the principled provisions for further comprehensively deepening reform, becoming the practical guide for further comprehensively deepening reform.

党的二十届三中全会部署了进一步全面深化改革的具体任务，充分体现了“六个坚持”的原则要求。中国共产党是进一步全面深化改革的顶层设计者和实践探索者，决定进一步全面深化改革的方向和成效。党的领导是进一步全面深化改革的根本保证，坚持党中央对进一步全面深化改革的集中统一领导，深化党的建设制度改革，这是“坚持党的全面领导”原则的具体体现。人民是历史的创造者、社会变革的推动者，也是进一步全面深化改革的主体力量。《决定》在诠释进一步全面深化改革的重要性和必要性时，强调进一步全面深化改革是坚持以人民为中心、让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民的必然要求；在部署健全保障和改善民生制度体系时，强调在发展中保障和改善民生是中国式现代化的重大任务；在部署深化科技体制改革时，将“面向人民生命健康”作为科技体制改革的导向之一；在部署完善城乡融合发展体制机制时，强调“人民城市人民建、人民城市为人民”；在部署深化文化体制机制改革时，强调坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，这些规定和要求是“坚持以人民为中心”原则的具体体现。中国式现代化是社会主义现代化，进一步全面深化改革是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度的改革。党的二十届三中全会聚焦体制机制制度的建立、健全、完善，提出了一系列新的制度建设构想，如探索建立个人破产制度、高技术人才移民制度、全国统一的人口管理制度；加快建立数据产权归属认定、市场交易、权益分配、利益保护制度和租购并举的住房制度、长期护理保护制度；建立国有企业履行战略使命评价制度、企业研发准备金制度、职务科技成果资产单列管理制度、宪法实施情况报告制度、文化遗产保护督察制度、生育补贴制度、人工智能安全监管制度等，这些制度是适应国家治理体系和治理能力现代化需要而建构的，是“坚持守正创新”原则的具体落实。完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度是一个动态过程，“已有制度需要不断健全，新领域新实践需要推进制度创新、填补制度空白”。《决定》涉及面广、内容多，重点在于体制机制制度的建立、健全和完善，贯彻了“坚持以制度建设为主线”的原则。法治是中国式现代化的重要保障，《决定》围绕完善中国特色社会主义法治体系进行部署，提出深化立法领域改革、深入推进依法行政、健全公正执法司法体制机制、完善推进法治社会建设机制、加强涉外法治建设等具体任务，体现了“坚持全面依法治国”原则。《决定》强调进一步全面深化改革要“更加注重系统集成”，用“七个聚焦”规定了进一步全面深化改革的重点，从十四个方面明确了进一步全面深化改革的具体任务，对进一步全面深化改革进行整体谋划和系统布局，使各方面改革相互配合、协同高效，体现了“坚持系统观念”的原则。“六个坚持”是进一步全面深化改革的原则规定，成为进一步全面深化改革的实践指南。

History, the present, and the future are interconnected. The historical experience of comprehensively deepening reform is the condensation of practical wisdom. Sublimating it into the principles for further deepening reform comprehensively not only embodies respect for history but also interprets the method for further deepening reform comprehensively.

历史、现在、未来是相通的，全面深化改革的历史经验是实践智慧的凝聚，将其升华为进一步全面深化改革的原则，既体现了对历史的尊重，也诠释了进一步全面深化改革的方法。

II. Interpreting Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively Based on Problem Awareness

二、基于问题意识阐释进一步全面深化改革

Reforms in different eras have different backgrounds, face different reform tasks, and need to solve different problems. Discovering and pinpointing problems is the starting point for further deepening reform comprehensively. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is the methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and also the method for further deepening reform comprehensively. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC pointed out that, “In the face of complex and ever-changing international and domestic situations, in the face of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and in the face of the new expectations of the people, we must continue to push reform forward.” [5]5 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024. It adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Style Modernization.” The “three faces” constitute the background for further deepening reform comprehensively and also the problems that need to be solved in further deepening reform comprehensively. This determines the focus and specific tasks of reform. Being problem-oriented and proceeding from problems is the narrative method of the “Decision.” [6]6 The “Decision” refers to the document adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, which outlines the reform agenda.

不同时代的改革有不同背景，面临不同的改革任务，需要解决不同的问题。发现问题、找准问题是进一步全面深化改革的起点，坚持问题导向是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的方法论，也是进一步全面深化改革的方法。党的二十届三中全会指出，“面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，面对人民群众新期待，必须继续把改革推向前进”。“三个面对”是进一步全面深化改革的背景，也是进一步全面深化改革需要解决的问题，由此决定了改革重点和具体任务，针对问题、从问题出发是《决定》的叙事方法。

At present, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, global problems are intensifying, and Western countries’ containment and suppression of China are escalating. China’s development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertainties and unpredictable factors are increasing. To effectively respond to various risks and challenges, seize strategic opportunities and gain strategic initiative in the increasingly fierce international competition, it is necessary to further deepen reform comprehensively, so as to prevent and resolve risks and effectively respond to challenges with a sound system, and enhance the overall level of the national governance system and governance capacity. For this reason, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee made arrangements for advancing the modernization of the national security system and capacity, proposing to improve the national security system, perfect the public safety governance mechanism, and improve the foreign-related national security mechanism, in order to respond to the threats and challenges brought to China by the complex and ever-changing international environment and achieve a positive interaction between high-quality development and national security. At the same time, other arrangements for further deepening reform comprehensively can enhance the overall level of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity and have the effect of safeguarding national security. For example, building a high-level socialist market economy system, improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development, and building systems and mechanisms for supporting comprehensive innovation are conducive to stimulating the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society, shaping new drivers and new advantages for development, so as to respond to the risks and challenges brought by changes in the external environment to China’s economic development and safeguard national economic security.

当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，全球性问题加剧，西方国家对中国的遏制和打压不断升级，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。有效应对各种风险挑战，在日趋激烈的国际竞争中把握战略机遇、赢得战略主动，需要进一步全面深化改革，以完善的制度防范化解风险、有效应对挑战，提升国家治理体系和治理能力的整体水平。正因为如此，党的二十届三中全会对推进国家安全体系和能力现代化进行部署，提出健全国家安全体系、完善公共安全治理机制、完善涉外国家安全机制，以应对纷繁复杂的国际环境给中国带来的威胁和挑战，实现高质量发展和国家安全良性互动。同时，进一步全面深化改革的其他部署，能提升国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的整体水平，具有维护国家安全的效能。如构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、构建支持全面创新体制机制，有利于激发全社会内生动力和创新活力、塑造发展新动能新优势，以应对外部环境变化给我国经济发展带来的风险和挑战，维护国家经济安全。

As far as the current domestic situation is concerned, the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development still exists, and there is still a long way to go in resolving the principal contradiction in society. For example, the market system is still not well developed, market development is still insufficient, the relationship between the government and the market has not yet been fully clarified, and the supporting conditions for building a high-level socialist market economy system are insufficient; the capacity for independent innovation is difficult to adapt to the requirements of high-quality development, and the situation in which key core technologies are controlled by others has not fundamentally changed; the industrial system as a whole is large but not strong, comprehensive but not refined; the gap in development and income distribution between urban and rural areas and between regions is still relatively large, and there are still shortcomings in people’s livelihood security and ecological and environmental protection; opening up to the outside world faces many difficulties due to the containment and suppression of Western countries, and so on. These problems are all reflections and manifestations of changes in the principal contradiction in society. They must be solved through further deepening reform comprehensively, promoting solutions from the innovation of systems and mechanisms. The fourteen aspects of reform tasks deployed in the “Decision” are precisely targeted at these problems and have a distinct problem orientation.

就当前国内形势而言，发展不平衡不充分的问题依然存在，社会主要矛盾的解决任重而道远。比如，市场体系仍不健全，市场发育还不充分，政府和市场的关系尚未完全厘清，高水平社会主义市场经济体制建构的支撑条件不足；自主创新能力难以适应高质量发展要求，关键核心技术受制于人的状况没有得到根本改变；产业体系整体大而不强、全而不精；城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大，民生保障、生态环境保护仍然存在短板；对外开放由于西方国家的遏制打压面临不少困难，等等。这些问题都是社会主要矛盾变化的折射和反映，必须通过进一步全面深化改革，从体制机制的创新上推动解决。《决定》部署的十四个方面改革任务，针对的正是这些问题，具有鲜明的问题导向。

Scientific and technological development and industrial transformation are closely linked. Industrial transformation is based on scientific and technological development, and scientific and technological development determines the direction of industrial transformation. At present, a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is emerging, and international competition will mainly focus on competition in science, technology, and industry. The new scientific and technological revolution represented by intellectualization provides conditions for the development of new quality productive forces and industrial transformation. Promoting technological innovation and industrial transformation around sectors such as new energy, new materials, digital technology, biomedicine, and high-end equipment manufacturing is the top priority for developing new quality productive forces. Only by further deepening reform comprehensively can we solve the deep-seated contradictions and problems that hinder scientific and technological development and industrial transformation, and maximize the release of the driving force and creativity of scientific and technological innovation and industrial transformation. For this reason, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee placed building a high-level socialist market economy system, improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development, building systems and mechanisms for supporting comprehensive innovation, and improving the macroeconomic governance system in a prominent position. Education, science and technology, and talent are the foundational and strategic supports for Chinese-path modernization. The “Decision” emphasizes the coordinated promotion of the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems. While deepening the comprehensive reform of education and the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, it deepens the reform of the science and technology system, improves the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, and enhances the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. Therefore, when the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee deployed further deepening reform comprehensively, its orientation towards the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation was very clear.

科技发展和产业变革紧密相连，产业变革以科技发展为基础，科技发展决定产业变革的方向。当前世界新一轮科技革命和产业变革兴起，国际竞争将主要集中在科技和产业竞争。以智能化为代表的新科技革命为新质生产力的发展、产业变革提供了条件，围绕新能源、新材料、数字技术、生物医药和高端装备制造等板块推动技术创新和产业变革，是发展新质生产力的重中之重。进一步全面深化改革，才能解决妨碍科技发展、产业变革的深层次矛盾和问题，最大限度释放科技创新和产业变革的动力和创造力。正因为如此，党的二十届三中全会将构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、构建支持全面创新体制机制、健全宏观经济治理体系摆到了突出位置。教育、科技、人才是中国式现代化的基础性、战略性支撑，《决定》强调统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，在深化教育综合改革、深化人才发展体制机制改革的同时，深化科技体制改革，健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能。因此，党的二十届三中全会部署进一步全面深化改革时，面向新一轮科技革命和产业变革的导向十分明确。

The new expectations of the people are constantly changing and developing, and the people’s growing needs for a better life are multifaceted. For example, high-quality economic development, integrated urban-rural development, the realization of the people being the masters of the country, cultural prosperity and development, social fairness and justice, harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and the increasing sense of gain, happiness, and security. In order to adapt to the new expectations and new demands of the people, the “Decision” emphasizes that “where the people call, reform responds,” planning and promoting reform from the perspective of the people’s overall interests, fundamental interests, and long-term interests. All reforms focus on the realization of the people’s interests and the satisfaction of the people’s growing needs for a better life, fully embodying the people-centered development thought. For example, in order to adapt to the people’s growing needs for a better life, the “Decision” makes arrangements for improving the system and mechanism for ensuring and improving people’s livelihood, requiring the strengthening of inclusive, basic, and subsistence-level livelihood construction, and solving the most direct and realistic interests that the people are most concerned about, which directly relates to the improvement of the people’s quality of life. The systems and mechanisms for high-quality economic development, the integrated urban-rural development system and mechanism, the whole-process people’s democracy system, the reform of the cultural system and mechanism, and the reform of the ecological civilization system are all closely related to the people’s lives. The achievement of these reform goals can improve the people’s quality of life and meet the people’s diverse demands for a better life.

人民的新期待是不断变化发展的，人民日益增长的美好生活需要是多方面的。比如，经济的高质量发展、城乡融合发展、人民当家作主落到实处、文化繁荣发展、社会公平正义、人与自然和谐共生，获得感、幸福感、安全感日渐提升。为了适应人民群众的新期待、新诉求，《决定》强调“人民有所呼、改革有所应”，从人民整体利益、根本利益和长远利益出发谋划和推进改革，各项改革都着眼人民利益的实现和人民日益增长的美好生活需要的满足，充分体现了以人民为中心的发展思想。比如，《决定》为适应人民日益增长的美好生活需要，对健全保障和改善民生制度体系作出安排，要求加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，直接关系人民生活品质的提升；而经济高质量发展体制机制、城乡融合发展体制机制、全过程人民民主制度体系、文化体制机制改革、生态文明体制改革等，都与人民生活密切相关，这些改革目标的达成，能提高人民的生活品质，满足人民多样化的美好生活诉求。

Problems are the voice of the times, and solving problems is the task facing further deepening reform comprehensively. The major reform measures deployed by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee around the “three faces” are in fact a scientific answer to the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times. They clarify the ideas and methods for solving problems and demonstrate the problem orientation of further deepening reform comprehensively.

问题是时代的声音，解决问题是进一步全面深化改革面临的任务。党的二十届三中全会围绕“三个面对”部署的重大改革举措，实际上是对中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问的科学回答，明确了解决问题的思路和方法，表明了进一步全面深化改革的问题导向。

III. Interpreting Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively Around the Theme of Chinese-Path Modernization

三、围绕中国式现代化主题阐释进一步全面深化改革

Further deepening reform comprehensively is the driving force, means, and pathway, with the goal of advancing Chinese-path modernization. Interpreting the major measures and specific tasks of further deepening reform comprehensively around the theme of Chinese-path modernization is the narrative method of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee.

进一步全面深化改革是动力、手段和途径，目的在于推进中国式现代化。围绕中国式现代化主题阐释进一步全面深化改革的重大举措、具体任务，是党的二十届三中全会的叙事方法。

The Communist Party of China is a mission-oriented party as well as a responsibility-oriented party. It began planning national modernization soon after the founding of the People’s Republic. In September 1954, in the government work report delivered at the First Session of the First National People’s Congress, Zhou Enlai identified industry, agriculture, transportation, and national defense as the priorities for modernization, a prelude to the formation of the concept of the “four modernizations.” In November 1956, when meeting an Italian Socialist Party agricultural delegation in the Qinzheng Hall of Zhongnanhai, Mao Zedong pointed out that it was necessary to “gradually build a modern industry and agriculture, and modern culture and science.” The inclusion here of the modernization of culture and science indicates Mao’s emphasis on the role of culture and science in the modernization process. In December 1964, in the government work report delivered at the First Session of the Third National People’s Congress, Zhou Enlai defined the four modernizations as the modernization of industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and technology, thereby fixing the connotation of the concept of the four modernizations and revealing their inherent logic. After the end of the “Cultural Revolution,” achieving the four modernizations became the common aspiration of the entire Party and the whole people; reform and opening up was a major decision made in response to the need to realize the four modernizations. The communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee stated: “Achieving the four modernizations requires greatly raising the productive forces, and therefore inevitably requires changing, in many respects, the relations of production and the superstructure that are incompatible with the development of the productive forces, and changing all management methods, modes of activity, and modes of thinking that are incompatible; hence it is a broad and profound revolution.” Reform and opening up was initiated to meet the practical demands of Chinese-path modernization. The advancement of reform and opening up deepened the understanding of the connotation and laws of Chinese-path modernization, and gradually established the development goal of building a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.

中国共产党是使命型政党，也是责任型政党，新中国成立后就开始谋划国家现代化。1954年9月，周恩来在一届全国人大一次会议的政府工作报告中，提出工业、农业、交通运输业和国防作为现代化的重点，这是四个现代化概念形成的前奏。1956年11月，毛泽东在中南海勤政殿会见意大利社会党农业考察团时指出，要“逐步建设现代化的工业和农业，现代化的文化和科学”。这里提出文化和科学现代化，表明毛泽东对文化和科学在现代化过程中作用的重视。1964年12月，周恩来在三届全国人大一次会议的政府工作报告中，将四个现代化厘定为工业、农业、国防和科学技术现代化，定格了四个现代化概念的内涵，揭示了四个现代化的内在规律。“文化大革命”结束后，实现四个现代化成为全党全国人民的共同诉求，改革开放是应实现四个现代化需要而作出的重大决策。党的十一届三中全会公报指出：“实现四个现代化，要求大幅度地提高生产力，也就必然要求多方面地改变同生产力发展不适应的生产关系和上层建筑，改变一切不适应的管理方式、活动方式和思想方式，因而是一场广泛、深刻的革命。”改革开放是适应中国式现代化的实践诉求而启动的，改革开放的推进，深化了对中国式现代化内涵、规律的认识，逐步确立了建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化国家的发展目标。

The process of reform and opening up is the process of advancing Chinese-path modernization. After the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects was achieved, the task of building a modern socialist country was placed on the practical agenda. Advancing Chinese-path modernization is necessary for building a modern socialist country in all respects and also necessary for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, focusing on advancing Chinese-path modernization to further comprehensively deepen reform, both reflects the stage-specific characteristics of the historical tasks facing the Party and indicates the change in the practical orientation of further comprehensively deepening reform.

改革开放的过程，是推进中国式现代化的过程。全面建成小康社会的目标实现后，社会主义现代化国家建设的任务提上实践议程，推进中国式现代化是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的需要，也是实现中华民族伟大复兴的需要。党的二十届三中全会着眼推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革，既体现了党面临历史任务的阶段性特征，也表明了进一步全面深化改革实践指向的变化。

Chinese-path modernization is both a theme of practical exploration and a theme of theoretical innovation. In May 2024, when presiding over a symposium of entrepreneurs and experts, Xi Jinping pointed out that “to further comprehensively deepen reform, we must closely adhere to the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization.” Chinese-path modernization determines the goals, content, and tasks of further comprehensively deepening reform. Interpreting the overall goals, major measures, and specific tasks of further comprehensively deepening reform based on the needs of Chinese-path modernization is the method adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee to interpret further comprehensively deepening reform.

中国式现代化既是实践探索主题，也是理论创新主题。2024年5月，习近平在主持召开企业和专家座谈会时指出，“进一步全面深化改革，要紧扣推进中国式现代化这个主题”。中国式现代化决定了进一步全面深化改革的目标、内容和任务，依据中国式现代化需要阐释进一步全面深化改革的总目标、重大举措、具体任务，是党的二十届三中全会阐释进一步全面深化改革的方法。

In his opening speech at the 12th National Congress of the CPC, Deng Xiaoping pointed out, “Take our own path and build socialism with Chinese characteristics.” Opening up and developing the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics was the overall goal of reform and opening up in the new period. Through reform and opening up, the Party explored the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, constructed the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and developed the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a New Era, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee positioned the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform as “improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.” The national governance system is the institutional arrangement and institutional composition of national governance; national governance capacity is the ability to use institutions to manage the country. Advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is an inevitable requirement for improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is an inherent part of Chinese-path modernization and also a basic component of it. Positioning the advancement of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform indicates the orienting role of Chinese-path modernization for comprehensively deepening reform. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee established “continuing to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity” as the overall goal of further comprehensively deepening reform. This both indicates the continuity of further comprehensively deepening reform and interprets the prescriptive role of Chinese-path modernization for further comprehensively deepening reform.

邓小平在党的十二大开幕词中指出，“走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义”。开辟和发展中国特色社会主义，是新时期改革开放的总目标，通过改革开放探索中国特色社会主义道路、创立中国特色社会主义理论、建构中国特色社会主义制度、发展中国特色社会主义文化。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，党的十八届三中全会将全面深化改革的总目标定位为“完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”。国家治理体系是国家治理的制度安排、制度构成，国家治理能力是运用制度管理国家的能力，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度的必然要求。国家治理体系和治理能力现代化是中国式现代化的应有之义，也是中国式现代化的基本组成部分，将推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化作为全面深化改革的总目标，表明了中国式现代化对全面深化改革的定位作用。党的二十届三中全会将“继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”，确立为进一步全面深化改革的总目标，既表明了进一步全面深化改革的连续性，也诠释了中国式现代化对进一步全面深化改革的规定作用。

The deployment of specific tasks for further comprehensively deepening reform in the “Decision” [n] is all arranged according to the inherent requirements of Chinese-path modernization, interpreting the specific role of each major reform in advancing Chinese-path modernization. The reason why fourteen aspects—including building a high-level socialist market economy system, improving the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and building institutional mechanisms to support comprehensive innovation—were included in the list for further comprehensively deepening reform is that the establishment, improvement, and perfection of these institutional mechanisms and systems are closely related to Chinese-path modernization. They are either important guarantees or fundamental guarantees for Chinese-path modernization; or they are inherent requirements, essential requirements, or inevitable requirements of Chinese-path modernization; or they are the primary task or major task of Chinese-path modernization; or they are the strategic support or important foundation of Chinese-path modernization. These institutional mechanisms and systems support the process of Chinese-path modernization from different dimensions and levels and determine the outcomes of Chinese-path modernization. The deployment of further comprehensively deepening reform in the “Decision” actually interprets the internal logic of Chinese-path modernization. Historically, the practical demands of advancing Chinese-path modernization initiated the historical process of reform and opening up. From the present perspective, advancing Chinese-path modernization puts forward comprehensive demands on further comprehensively deepening reform, becoming the driving force for promoting further comprehensively deepening reform.

《决定》对进一步全面深化改革具体任务的部署，都是依据中国式现代化内在要求作出的布局，诠释了各项重大改革对于推进中国式现代化的具体作用。之所以将构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、构建支持全面创新体制机制等十四个方面纳入进一步全面深化改革的清单，是因为这些体制机制制度的建立、健全和完善，与中国式现代化密切相关，要么是中国式现代化的重要保障、根本保证，要么是中国式现代化的内在要求、本质要求、必然要求，要么是中国式现代化的首要任务、重大任务，要么是中国式现代化的战略支撑、重要基础，这些体制机制制度从不同维度、不同层次支撑中国式现代化过程、决定中国式现代化结果。《决定》对进一步全面深化改革的部署，实际上诠释了中国式现代化的内在逻辑。从历史来看，推进中国式现代化的实践诉求开启了改革开放的历史进程；从现实来看，推进中国式现代化对进一步全面深化改革提出全方位的诉求，成为推动进一步全面深化改革的动力。

The practical theme is the core issue and principal contradiction in the process of practice, exerting a decisive influence on the resolution of other issues. Grasping the practical theme means grasping the key to theoretical innovation and practical innovation. The systematic deployment of further comprehensively deepening reform by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee unfolds around the theme of Chinese-path modernization; it is a concrete application of thematic thinking.

实践主题是实践过程中的核心问题和主要矛盾，对其他问题的解决起着决定性影响。抓住了实践主题，也就把握了理论创新、实践创新的关键。党的二十届三中全会对进一步全面深化改革的系统部署，是围绕中国式现代化这一主题展开的，是主题思维的具体运用。

IV. Interpreting Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform Based on Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism

四、基于辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义阐释进一步全面深化改革

Further comprehensively deepening reform is a project that involves a wide range of areas and complex interest relations. Coordinating various interest relations and resolving deep-seated contradictions and problems requires scientific theoretical guidance. When summarizing the historical experience of 40 years of reform and opening up, Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must adhere to the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and correctly handle the relationship between reform, development, and stability.” Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are the philosophical foundation of further comprehensively deepening reform. The “Decision,” when deploying further comprehensively deepening reform, embodies the philosophical wisdom of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

进一步全面深化改革是一项牵涉面广、利益关系复杂的工程，协调各种利益关系、解决深层次的矛盾和问题，需要科学的理论指导。习近平在总结改革开放40年历史经验时指出，“必须坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义世界观和方法论，正确处理改革发展稳定关系”。辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义是进一步全面深化改革的哲学基础，《决定》在部署进一步全面深化改革时，蕴含辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的哲学智慧。

The relationship between further deepening reform comprehensively and Chinese-path modernization is one of two-way interaction. The interpretation of this relationship by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC contains dialectics. On the one hand, the *Decision* [n8] emphasizes that further deepening reform comprehensively will “provide powerful momentum and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization,” articulating the role of further deepening reform comprehensively in relation to Chinese-path modernization. Specifically, further deepening reform comprehensively pools resources from all sides, stimulates the creativity and vitality of the whole society for innovation, and especially mobilizes the people’s initiative, subjectivity and creativity, thereby providing powerful momentum for Chinese-path modernization; by establishing, improving and perfecting institutions, systems and mechanisms, it unblocks bottlenecks in systems and mechanisms, providing all-round institutional support and guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. On the other hand, the *Decision* requires that we “closely center on advancing Chinese-path modernization to further deepen reform comprehensively,” articulating the orienting role of Chinese-path modernization for further deepening reform comprehensively. As noted above, all the major reforms deployed by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee are planned in accordance with the requirements of Chinese-path modernization; Chinese-path modernization defines the content of further deepening reform comprehensively. The interpretation of the interactive relationship between further deepening reform comprehensively and Chinese-path modernization embodies the Third Plenary Session’s application of dialectics.

进一步全面深化改革和中国式现代化是一种双向互动关系，党的二十届三中全会对于进一步全面深化改革和中国式现代化关系的阐释蕴含辩证法。《决定》一方面强调进一步全面深化改革，“为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障”，诠释了进一步全面深化改革对中国式现代化的作用。具体来说，进一步全面深化改革汇聚各方面资源、激发全社会创新创造活力，特别是调动人民的积极性、主体性、创造性，为中国式现代化提供强大动力；进一步全面深化改革通过体制机制制度的建立、健全和完善，打通体制机制的堵点，为中国式现代化提供各方面制度支撑和制度保障。另一方面，《决定》要求“紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革”，诠释了中国式现代化对于进一步全面深化改革的定位作用。如前所述，党的二十届三中全会部署的各项重大改革，都是依据中国式现代化要求来谋划的，中国式现代化规定了进一步全面深化改革的内容。进一步全面深化改革和中国式现代化互动关系的阐释，体现了党的二十届三中全会对辩证法的运用。

The interpretation of the practical requirement to uphold systematic thinking contains dialectics. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee took “upholding systematic thinking” as a principle for further deepening reform comprehensively, requiring that we “properly handle major relationships such as those between the economy and society, between government and the market, between efficiency and fairness, between vitality and order, and between development and security, so as to enhance the systemic, holistic and coordinated nature of reform.” Generally speaking, economic development is the foundation of social development, and social development will promote economic development, but economic development does not necessarily mean social progress; the two are not fully synchronized. Handling the relationship between the economy and society is a requirement of further deepening reform comprehensively. We must build a high-level socialist market economy, give better play to the role of market mechanisms, and achieve optimal allocation of resources and maximum efficiency. At the same time, scientific macro-regulation and effective government governance are inherent requirements for giving full play to the advantages of the socialist market economy. Handling the relationship between government and the market is a problem that further deepening reform comprehensively must solve; it is necessary both to “let go” and to “keep control.” The handling of the relationship between efficiency and fairness runs through the entire reform process. Efficiency creates conditions for fairness; fairness without efficiency is a low-level equality. Fairness provides impetus for efficiency; a lack of fairness will affect efficiency. Balancing efficiency and fairness depends on the construction and improvement of institutions. In theory, vitality and order are not contradictory; vitality helps enhance order, and order helps stimulate vitality. However, in practice, vitality can easily interfere with order; handling this relationship requires further deepening reform comprehensively. Development is guaranteed by security; without security there is no development. Development is an important prerequisite and foundation for maintaining and promoting security; to a certain extent, a weak state has no security. The *Decision*’s requirement to handle the above relationships in the process of further deepening reform comprehensively is a concrete application of dialectics and embodies the practical charm of dialectics.

坚持系统观念的实践要求阐释蕴含辩证法。党的二十届三中全会将“坚持系统观念”作为进一步全面深化改革的原则，要求“处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系，增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性”。一般而言，经济发展是社会发展的基础，社会发展将促进经济发展，但经济发展并不意味着社会进步，二者并不完全同步，处理好经济和社会的关系，是进一步全面深化改革的要求。要构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，更好发挥市场机制作用，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化。同时，科学的宏观调控、有效的政府治理是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求，处理好政府和市场关系，是进一步全面深化改革需要解决的问题，既要“放得开”，又要“管得住”。效率与公平关系的处理贯穿改革过程始终，效率为公平创造条件，没有效率的公平是低层次的平等；公平为效率提供动力，缺乏公平将影响效率，兼顾效率和公平有赖制度的建构和完善。活力和秩序从理论上来说，二者并不矛盾，活力有助于增进秩序，秩序有助于激发活力，但实践过程中容易出现活力干扰秩序的现象，处理好二者的关系需要进一步全面深化改革。发展以安全为保障，没有安全就没有发展；发展是维护安全、促进安全的重要前提和基础，在一定程度上可以说，弱国无安全。《决定》要求进一步全面深化改革过程中处理好上述关系，是对辩证法的具体运用，体现了辩证法的实践魅力。

The interpretation of the relationship between breaking and establishing contains dialectics. The reform process is a process of breaking the old and establishing the new. How the relationship between breaking and establishing is handled directly affects the effectiveness of reform, and may even determine its success or failure. China’s reform has chosen a gradualist action strategy; “crossing the river by feeling the stones” is a vivid expression of this action strategy, striving for steady progress rather than achieving everything in one go. In interpreting the principles for further deepening reform comprehensively, the *Decision* emphasizes “advancing both breaking and establishing, with establishing taking precedence over breaking.” Combining breaking and establishing organically, breaking while establishing, and especially establishing before breaking, can minimize the risks brought by reform, avoid institutional vacuums caused by poor linkage between breaking and establishing, and prevent reform failure. Once the new institutions, systems and mechanisms are established, the old ones naturally lose their reason for existence and the space to function, making the replacement of old with new a natural process. The *Decision*’s interpretation of the specific methods for further deepening reform comprehensively contains dialectics.

破与立关系的阐释蕴含辩证法。改革过程是破旧立新的过程，破与立关系的处理直接影响改革效果，甚至决定改革成败。中国改革选择的是渐进式行动策略，“摸着石头过河”是这一行动策略的形象表达，力求稳步推进而非一步到位。《决定》在阐释进一步全面深化改革原则时，强调“破立并举、先立后破”。将破与立有机结合起来，边破边立，特别是先立后破，能最大限度降低改革带来的风险，避免因破与立衔接不畅而出现制度真空，导致改革失败。新的体制机制制度建立起来之后，旧的体制机制制度自然失去了存在的理由和发挥作用的空间，使新旧体制机制制度的替代成为自然的过程。《决定》诠释进一步全面深化改革的具体方法蕴含辩证法。

At the same time, the interpretation of further deepening reform comprehensively contains the historical law theory of historical materialism. Further deepening reform comprehensively involves many fields and aspects. In interpreting the guiding ideology for further deepening reform comprehensively, the *Decision* emphasizes “taking economic system reform as the driving force,” which both reflects the dominant position of economic system reform in the reform process and reflects the foundational position of economic development in the process of Chinese-path modernization. Historically, economic system reform and the construction of the socialist market economy have always occupied a core position in China’s reform process and have played a driving role in reform. The contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, and between the economic base and the superstructure, constitutes the basic contradiction of society and provides the driving force for social evolution and development; this is the law of historical development. The *Decision* proposes “promoting better adaptation between relations of production and productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development”; this is an embodiment and application of the theory of historical laws.

同时，进一步全面深化改革的阐释蕴含历史唯物主义的历史规律论。进一步全面深化改革涉及诸多领域和方面，《决定》在阐释进一步全面深化改革的指导思想时，强调“以经济体制改革为牵引”，既体现了经济体制改革在改革过程中的主导地位，又体现了经济发展在中国式现代化进程中的基础地位。从历史来看，经济体制改革、社会主义市场经济体制构建，在我国改革过程中始终居于核心地位，对改革具有牵引作用。生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾，构成社会基本矛盾，为社会演进和社会发展提供动力，这是历史发展的规律。《决定》提出“推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应”，这是历史规律论的体现和运用。

The interpretation of further deepening reform comprehensively contains the theory of the people as the subject of historical materialism. The masses of the people are the creators of history, the force that drives social change, and the main force that drives further deepening reform comprehensively. Many practical creations in the reform process are the explorations and inventions of the masses. The masses are on the front line of reform; they know best where the problems in systems and mechanisms lie and how to solve them. The masses are the evaluators of reform; how effective reform is, whether it has brought tangible benefits to the people, whether it has satisfied the people’s interests and their growing needs for a better life, must be evaluated by the masses. The evaluation of the masses is the most genuine evaluation and also the final evaluation. The *Decision* takes the thinking of “adhering to a people-centered approach” as a principle for further deepening reform comprehensively, emphasizing “respecting the principal position of the people and their pioneering spirit”; and “taking the promotion of social fairness and justice and the enhancement of people’s well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal.” This is an expression of the theory of the people as the subject, highlighting the principal position of the people in the process of further deepening reform comprehensively.

进一步全面深化改革的阐释蕴含历史唯物主义的人民主体论。人民群众是历史的创造者，是推动社会变革的力量，也是推动进一步全面深化改革的主体力量。改革过程中的实践创造，不少就是人民群众的探索和发明。人民群众身处改革的第一线，最清楚体制机制的问题出在什么地方，如何解决问题；人民群众是改革的评价者，改革的效果如何，是否给人民群众带来了实惠，是否满足了人民的利益诉求和日益增长的美好生活需要，要由人民群众来评价，人民群众的评价是最真实的评价，也是最终评价。《决定》将“坚持以人民为中心”的思想作为进一步全面深化改革的原则，强调“尊重人民主体地位和首创精神”；“以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点”，这是人民主体论的表达，彰显了人民在进一步全面深化改革过程中的主体地位。

In sum, the interpretive method of further deepening reform comprehensively directly affects the explanatory power and persuasiveness of the discourse. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee interprets further deepening reform comprehensively on the basis of the historical achievements and historical experience of comprehensively deepening reform, the major issues facing further deepening reform comprehensively, the theme of Chinese-path modernization, and dialectical materialism and historical materialism. This provides historical, practical and philosophical support for further deepening reform comprehensively, strengthens the narrative effect of further deepening reform comprehensively, points out the practical path for further deepening reform comprehensively, and fully embodies the practical wisdom of the Communist Party of China in further deepening reform comprehensively.

总之，进一步全面深化改革的阐释方法直接影响话语的解释力、说服力，党的二十届三中全会基于全面深化改革的历史成就和历史经验、进一步全面深化改革面临的重大问题、中国式现代化主题、辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义阐释进一步全面深化改革，为进一步全面深化改革提供了历史、现实和哲学支撑，强化了进一步全面深化改革的叙事效果，指明了进一步全面深化改革的实践路径，也充分体现了中国共产党进一步全面深化改革的实践智慧。

The interpretation of further deepening reform comprehensively by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee has methodological significance and contains the principles, theories and philosophies of interpretation. From this we can see that history is the starting point of reality; interpreting practical problems requires tracing back to history, summarizing conclusions with regularity from historical practice and experience, elevating them into basic guidelines for solving practical problems, achieving the connection between history and reality, and giving play to the role of history in enlightening reality. Problems are objective and real existences; interpreting practical problems requires strengthening problem awareness, adhering to a problem orientation, identifying the causes, mechanisms and manifestations of problems, and then proposing targeted ideas, methods and paths for solving them. All practice is purposeful practice; solving problems has its own goals and practical demands. Interpreting practical problems requires clarifying the goal orientation, providing directional guidance for solving practical problems, and highlighting the practical guiding role of goals. Interpreting practical problems requires theoretical guidance; using dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the theoretical support and philosophical foundation for interpreting problems can make the interpretation of problems more scientific and the methods and paths for solving problems more feasible.

党的二十届三中全会对进一步全面深化改革的阐释，具有方法论意义，蕴含阐释问题的道理学理哲理。从这里可以看出，历史是现实的出发点，阐释现实问题要从追溯历史入手，从历史实践和经验中总结出带有规律性的结论，将其上升为解决现实问题的基本遵循，实现历史与现实的贯通，发挥历史启迪现实的作用；问题是客观的真实存在，阐释现实问题要求强化问题意识，坚持问题导向，认准问题产生的原因、机理和表现，进而有针对性地提出解决问题的思路、方法和路径；任何实践都是有目的的实践，解决问题都有其目标追求和实践诉求，阐释现实问题要求明确目标指向，为解决现实问题提供方向指引，凸显目标的实践导向作用；阐释现实问题需要理论指导，以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义作为阐释问题的理论支撑、哲学基础，才能使问题的阐释更具科学性、解决问题的方法和路径更具可行性。

(Author: Chen Jinlong, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the School of Marxism, South China Normal University)

（作者：陈金龙，华南师范大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师）

Online Editor: Jin Qiu

网络编辑：金秋