Integrate the Two Establishments into the Soul and Transform Them into Action

In his preface to the sixth batch of national cadre study and training textbooks, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that “this batch of textbooks centrally reflects the innovative achievements of the New Era and demonstrates our Party’s vivid practice of advancing and expanding Chinese-path modernization,” and that “cadres at all levels must study and use the textbooks well, and act as steadfast doers and hard workers in Chinese-path modernization.” One of the textbooks in this batch, *Profoundly Grasp the Decisive Significance of the Two Establishments*[1]1 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to the establishment of Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., scientifically elucidates a series of major theoretical questions concerning how to accurately understand and grasp the Two Establishments. It is of important enlightening significance for guiding the Party’s broad ranks of members and cadres to continuously deepen their understanding of the decisive significance of the Two Establishments and to effectively transform the political consensus on the Two Establishments into concrete action for the Two Upholds[2]2 The Two Upholds (两个维护) refers to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee..

习近平总书记在第六批全国干部学习培训教材序言中强调，“这批教材集中反映了新时代的创新成果，展示了我们党推进和拓展中国式现代化的生动实践”，“各级干部要学好用好教材，当好中国式现代化建设的坚定行动派、实干家”。作为第六批全国干部学习培训教材之一的《深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义》，科学阐释了关于如何准确理解和把握“两个确立”的一系列重大理论问题，对于引导广大党员、干部不断加深对“两个确立”决定性意义的认识，切实把“两个确立”的政治共识转化为“两个维护”的实际行动，具有重要的启迪意义。

A comprehensive exposition and sorting of the theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic of the Two Establishments

全面阐释和梳理“两个确立”的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、实践逻辑

The “Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century,” adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC[3]3 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee was held in November 2021., points out: “The Party has established Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and established the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This reflects the common will of the entire Party, the armed forces, and all ethnic groups of the country, and is of decisive significance for the development of the cause of the Party and the state in the New Era and for advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” This major historical conclusion and major political judgment is both a major political issue and a major theoretical issue. It profoundly reveals the “stabilizing anchor” role played by the Party’s leader and the Party’s innovative theory in the development of the cause of the Party and the people. It is not only the most important political achievement and the most valuable historical experience our Party has gained since the 18th National Congress[4]4 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012., but also a general outline that runs through the past, present, and future of the century-old major Party. It provides a “golden key” for us to deeply grasp the Party’s century-long struggle and to clearly see why the Party was able to succeed in the past and how it can continue to succeed in the future. The book *Profoundly Grasp the Decisive Significance of the Two Establishments* systematically sorts out the theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic from multiple dimensions and provides a correct answer to how to comprehensively expound this major thesis of the Two Establishments.

党的十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》指出：“党确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位，反映了全党全军全国各族人民共同心愿，对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义。”这一重大历史结论、重大政治判断，既是一个重大的政治问题，又是一个重大的理论问题，它深刻揭示了党的领袖和党的创新理论对党和人民事业发展所起的“定海神针”作用，不仅是党的十八大以来我们党取得的最重大政治成果、获得的最宝贵历史经验，也是贯通百年大党过去、现在、未来的一个总纲，为我们深刻把握党的百年奋斗历程，看清楚党过去为什么能够成功、未来怎样才能继续成功提供了一把“金钥匙”。如何从多个维度全方位阐释“两个确立”这一重大论断，《深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义》一书从理论逻辑、历史逻辑、实践逻辑等进行了系统梳理，作出了正确回答。

The Two Establishments scientifically reveal the fundamental political principles of a Marxist political party. Chapter One of this book elaborates on this issue in detail. Starting from the basic viewpoints of Marxist historical materialism and the theory of Party building, Chapter One clearly points out that upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, and adhering to the guidance of scientific theory, thereby forging the creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, are proven valuable experiences of the proletarian revolutionary movement and a major principle that a mature Marxist political party must always uphold. The nature and purpose of a Marxist political party profoundly answer the fundamental question of “what a Marxist political party is and what it is to do,” which determines that a Marxist political party must always uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, and adhere to the guidance of scientific theory. A Marxist political party is organized according to the principle of democratic centralism. Resolutely upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental requirement and inherent meaning of fully implementing democratic centralism. Marxism scientifically reveals the laws of the development of human society, points out the path for humanity to seek its own liberation, and provides the proletarian party with a scientific worldview and methodology. Over the past 170-plus years, the international communist movement has been magnificent, making important contributions to the development and progress of human society, greatly changing the face of the world, and profoundly influencing the course of world history. While promoting the forward development of the international communist movement, communist parties in various countries have also accumulated rich historical experiences and profound lessons worth learning. Among them, two are of vital importance: first, the leadership of the proletarian party must be upheld, and a strong and capable leading core must be formed and maintained; second, the guidance of Marxism must be upheld, and the basic tenets of Marxism must be integrated with the concrete realities of each country and its own fine traditional culture.

“两个确立”科学揭示了马克思主义政党的根本政治原则。该书第一章对这个问题进行了详尽阐述。第一章从马克思主义唯物史观和建党学说的基本观点出发鲜明指出，维护党中央权威和集中统一领导、坚持科学理论指引，从而锻造出战胜一切艰难险阻的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力，是被实践证明了的无产阶级革命运动的宝贵经验，是一个成熟的马克思主义政党必须始终坚持的重大原则。马克思主义政党的性质宗旨，深刻回答了马克思主义政党“是什么、要干什么”这个根本问题，决定着马克思主义政党必须始终维护党中央权威和集中统一领导、坚持科学理论指引。马克思主义政党是按照民主集中制原则组织起来的，坚决维护党中央权威是全面贯彻民主集中制的根本要求和题中应有之义。马克思主义科学揭示了人类社会发展规律，指明了人类寻求自身解放的道路，为无产阶级政党提供了科学的世界观和方法论。170多年来，国际共产主义运动波澜壮阔，对人类社会发展进步作出了重要贡献，极大地改变了世界面貌，深刻影响了世界历史的发展进程。各国共产党在推动国际共产主义运动向前发展的同时，也积累了丰富的历史经验和值得吸取的深刻教训。其中至关重要的两条，一是必须坚持无产阶级政党的领导，形成和维护坚强有力的领导核心；二是必须坚持马克思主义的指导，把马克思主义基本原理同各国具体实际和本民族优秀传统文化相结合。

The Two Establishments highly condense the most important historical experience of the CPC’s century-long struggle. Chapter Two of this book elaborates on this issue in detail. Reviewing our Party’s struggle history of more than one hundred years, Chapter Two clearly points out that the CPC is a Marxist political party, and a strong leading core and scientific theoretical guidance are the success codes for our Party to create historical great undertakings. Upholding and strengthening the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is an important experience for our Party to continuously achieve success in leading revolution, construction, and reform, and is also an important principle for strengthening Party building. Whenever the whole Party firmly upholds the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, the Party’s cause continuously achieves victory; when the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership are absent, the Party’s leadership will weaken, and the Party’s cause will inevitably suffer setbacks. The CPC is a party armed with Marxism. Marxism is the Party’s spiritual banner, its soul and lifeline, and its fundamental skill. Why the CPC can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good is ultimately because Marxism works, and because Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times works. History and reality prove: without the CPC, there would be no New China, and there would be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; to lead the Chinese people to win the revolution and to govern the world’s largest political party and the most populous country well, the Party’s overall leadership, especially the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, must be upheld; Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for our Party to establish the Party and the country and to rejuvenate the Party and the country. Possessing the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the fundamental basis for our Party to firmly establish its ideals and convictions and to grasp the historical initiative.

“两个确立”高度凝练了中国共产党百年奋斗的最重要历史经验。该书第二章对这个问题进行了详尽阐述。第二章回顾我们党百余年的奋斗历史鲜明指出，中国共产党是马克思主义政党，坚强的领导核心和科学的理论指导是我们党创造历史伟业的成功密码。坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导是我们党领导革命、建设、改革不断获得成功的重要经验，也是加强党的建设的一条重要原则。什么时候全党坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，党的事业就不断取得胜利；离开了党中央权威和集中统一领导，党的领导就会弱化，党的事业必然遭受挫折。中国共产党是用马克思主义武装起来的政党，马克思主义是党的精神旗帜，是党的魂脉，是我们的看家本领。中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。历史和现实证明：没有中国共产党，就没有新中国，就没有中华民族伟大复兴；领导中国人民夺取革命胜利、治理好我们这个世界上最大的政党和人口最多的国家，必须坚持党的全面领导特别是党中央集中统一领导；马克思主义是我们立党立国、兴党兴国的根本指导思想，拥有马克思主义科学理论的指导，是我们党坚定理想信念、把握历史主动的根本所在。

The Two Establishments are the most important political achievement of the Party in the New Era. Chapter Three of this book elaborates on this issue in detail. A great era is marked by a series of great contents. Based on the successful practice and great achievements of the New Era, Chapter Three clearly points out that since the 18th National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has coordinated the strategic overall plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century, united and led the entire Party, the armed forces, and all ethnic groups of the country to effectively respond to major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles, and resolve major contradictions. The cause of the Party and the state has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. The fundamental reason for the great achievements of the New Era lies in the helm-steering and command of General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the entire Party, and in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The Two Establishments are the major political choice made by our Party since the 18th National Congress and the decisive factor for the Party to win the great historical initiative in the New Era.

“两个确立”是党在新时代取得的最重大政治成果。该书第三章对这个问题进行了详尽阐述。伟大的时代之所以伟大，是以一系列伟大内容为标志的。第三章立足新时代的成功实践和伟大成就鲜明指出，党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，团结带领全党全军全国各族人民有效应对重大挑战、抵御重大风险、克服重大阻力、化解重大矛盾，党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。新时代伟大成就的取得，根本在于有习近平总书记作为党中央的核心、全党的核心领航掌舵，在于有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。“两个确立”是党的十八大以来我们党作出的重大政治抉择，是党在新时代赢得伟大历史主动的决定性因素。

Focus on and embody the unity of political nature and ideological content, and of theoretical nature and practical nature

着力聚焦和体现政治性与思想性、理论性与实践性的统一

The era is the mother of thought, and practice is the source of theory. All epoch-making theories are products that meet the needs of the times. Theories used to observe the times, grasp the times, and lead the times must reflect the voice of the times, must not be divorced from the practice of the times, and must continuously summarize practical experience and condense it into the spiritual essence of the times. This book adheres to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee[5]5 The Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee was held in February 2023., focuses on the theoretical and practical issues of general concern to the Party’s broad ranks of cadres and members, emphasizes linking theory with reality, analyzing principles and clarifying doubts, and strives to explain comprehensively, thoroughly, and concretely the decisive significance of the Two Establishments from the perspectives of the unity of history and reality, the integration of theory and practice, and the coherence of principles and sentiments, so as to help the Party’s broad ranks of members and cadres better grasp the scientific connotation and spiritual essence of this major thesis.

时代是思想之母，实践是理论之源。一切划时代的理论，都是满足时代需要的产物。用以观察时代、把握时代、引领时代的理论，必须反映时代的声音，绝不能脱离所在时代的实践，必须不断总结实践经验，将其凝结成时代的思想精华。该书坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，针对当前广大党员干部普遍关注的理论和现实问题，注重联系实际、研机析理、解疑释惑，力争从历史和现实相统一、理论和实践相结合、道理和情理相贯通等角度，讲全、讲透、讲实“两个确立”的决定性意义，帮助广大党员、干部更好领会这一重大论断的科学内涵和精神实质。

Highlighting political character. The Two Establishments are the most significant political achievement since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. To study and expound this major political thesis, one must elevate the political standpoint and be adept at viewing issues from a political height. This book closely follows the latest theoretical innovations and basic connotations of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, highlights the new theses, new strategies, and new deployments put forward at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, and adheres to a political height that takes into account the overall situation of the cause of the Party and the state. It is grounded in the international situation of the accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century, in the historical juncture of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a New Era and China’s development entering a new stage, and in the great cause of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. It explains the major practical significance and far-reaching historical significance of the Two Establishments, helping Party members and cadres to elevate their political standpoint.

突出政治性。“两个确立”是党的十八大以来最重大的政治成果。研究阐释这一重大政治论断，必须提高政治站位，善于从政治高度看问题。该书紧紧围绕习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的最新理论创新成果和基本内涵要求，突出党的二十大提出的新论断新战略新部署，坚持站在党和国家事业发展全局的政治高度，立足世界百年未有之大变局加速演进的国际形势，立足中国特色社会主义进入新时代、我国发展进入新阶段的历史方位，立足以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，来阐释“两个确立”的重大现实意义和深远历史意义，有助于广大党员、干部提高政治站位。

Highlighting ideological character. The Two Establishments are not only a serious political thesis but also a profound theoretical thesis, with extremely rich connotations and extremely deep thought. Explaining clearly the principles, theories, and philosophies contained in the Two Establishments, so as to make their principles understood, their meanings explained, and their words interpreted, is crucial for arming Party members and cadres and educating the masses. Marx said: “Theory can convince the masses once it demonstrates ad hominem, and it demonstrates ad hominem once it becomes radical. To be radical is to grasp things by the root.” [n] This book adheres to the standpoint and viewpoint of historical materialism, is grounded in the Party’s century-long historical experience, and provides an in-depth explanation of the Two Establishments from the aspects of theoretical basis, historical basis, practical basis, and practical requirements, striving to conduct a deep-level excavation and theoretical construction of this major thesis.

突出思想性。“两个确立”既是严肃的政治论断，也是深邃的理论论断，内涵十分丰富，思想极其深刻。讲清楚“两个确立”所蕴含的道理学理哲理，做到明其理、释其意、解其言，对武装党员、干部，教育群众，至关紧要。马克思说过：“理论只要说服人，就能掌握群众；而理论只要彻底，就能说服人。所谓彻底，就是抓住事物的根本。”该书坚持从历史唯物主义立场观点出发，立足党的百年历史经验，从理论依据、历史依据、现实依据、实践要求等方面，对“两个确立”进行深入阐释，努力对这一重大论断进行深层次挖掘和学理化建构。

Highlighting guiding character. A leap in theory is not reflected in the novelty of words and phrases, nor in the self-consistency of logic; ultimately, it must be reflected in answering practical questions and leading practical development. How to explain the major proposition of the Two Establishments clearly and thoroughly, so that the vast number of Party members and cadres not only understand it but can also use it to guide practice, is a major and urgent task of the Party’s ideological and theoretical work. This book is grounded in reality, adheres to a problem-oriented approach, and focuses on the new requirements put forward by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core regarding the political ability, leadership ability, and work ability of Party members and cadres. It not only explains the major significance and rich connotations of the Two Establishments theoretically but also discusses their practical requirements. It helps solve the problem of how the vast number of Party members and cadres view the Two Establishments, and also answers the questions of what to do and how to do it in firmly upholding the Two Establishments.

突出指导性。理论的飞跃不是体现在词句的标新立异上，也不是体现在逻辑的自洽自证上，归根到底要体现在回答实践问题、引领实践发展上。如何把“两个确立”这一重大命题讲清楚、讲透彻，让广大党员、干部不但听得明白，而且能用以指导实践，是党的思想理论工作的一项重大而紧迫的课题。该书立足现实、坚持问题导向，着眼以习近平同志为核心的党中央对广大党员、干部的政治能力、领导能力、工作能力等提出的新要求，不仅从理论上阐释了“两个确立”的重大意义和丰富内涵，而且论述了“两个确立”的实践要求，有助于解决广大党员干部对“两个确立”怎么看的问题，又回答坚定拥护“两个确立”怎么办、怎么干的问题。

Highlighting readability. To turn the “weapon of critique” into the “critique of weapons” [n] and make the Party’s innovative theories a powerful force for promoting practice and transforming the world, one must first thoroughly explain thorough theories and vividly explain vivid thoughts, promoting the Party’s innovative theories to take root in people’s hearts and be accepted and mastered by the vast number of Party members, cadres, and the masses. This book takes the learning needs of cadres at all levels and in all types as its focus and starting point, pays attention to explaining profound principles in popular language, and enhances the visual appeal and readability of theoretical readings. In the process of writing, in addition to brilliant textual exposition, it is also equipped with illustrations, supplementary texts, and small columns in various forms such as authoritative documents with QR codes and interpretive articles, to better meet the extended reading needs and habits of readers in the new media era.

突出可读性。要使“批判的武器”变成“武器的批判”，使党的创新理论成为推动实践、改造世界的强大力量，首先就要把彻底的理论讲彻底，把鲜活的思想讲鲜活，推动党的创新理论深入人心，为广大党员、干部和群众所接受和掌握。该书以各级各类干部的学习需求为着眼点和落脚点，注重用通俗的语言讲明深刻的道理，增强理论读物的可视感和可读性。在行文的过程中，除了精彩的文字论述之外，还配之以插图、辅文和带有二维码的权威文献、解读文章等形式多样的小栏目，更好满足新媒体时代读者延伸阅读的需求和习惯。

Study and apply the book *Deeply Understand the Decisive Significance of the Two Establishments* well, drawing wisdom and strength from it to continuously advance.

学好用好《深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义》，从中汲取不断前进的智慧和力量

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Way cannot be discussed while

习近平总书记指出：“道不可坐论，理不能空谈。学习党的创新理论的目的全在于运用”。该书第四章及结语部分的阐述落脚在坚定拥护“两个确立”，努力实现新时代新征程的目标任务上。全面建设社会主义现代化国家，是一项伟大而艰巨的事业，前途光明，任重道远。当今世界正在经历百年未有之大变局，处在民族复兴关键时期的当代中国正在经历着有史以来最为广泛而深刻的社会变革，正在推进中国式现代化这一人类历史上非常宏大而独特的实践创新，创造着人类文明的新形态。在“两个大局”加速演进并深度互动的时代背景下，人类社会面临许多亟待解决的共同问题，我国改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等各个领域也都面临着一系列新的重大课题，中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问给我们提出的新考题比过去更复杂、更多、更难，我们更要深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，不断提高干事创业的能力和水平，努力创造经得起历史和人民检验的实绩。

Further comprehend the great power of thought, and unswervingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge the soul and consolidate the will. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Only when the theory is strong can the direction

进一步感悟思想伟力，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂。习近平总书记指出：“理论强，才能方向明、人心齐、底气足。”习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是中国共产党的思想旗帜、精神旗帜，是全党全国人民奋进新征程、夺取新胜利的科学指引和行动指南。我们要巩固拓展主题教育成果，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂。要在深化内化转化上下功夫，筑牢信仰之基、补足精神之钙、把稳思想之舵。善于从党的创新理论中悟规律、明方向、学方法、增智慧，把看家本领、兴党本领、强国本领学到手，全面提升与推进中国式现代化相适应的政治能力、领导能力、工作能力。要善于从党的创新理论中汲取踔厉奋发、勇毅前行的精神动力，坚定历史自信、锤炼斗争本领，始终保持锐意进取、迎难而上的奋斗姿态，在新征程上展现新气象新作为。

Continuously enhance political capability, and more firmly and consciously achieve the Two Upholds. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that "comprehensive and strict governance of the Party must first be viewed from a political perspective" and that "political problems must be resolved through political means." The Two Upholds are the highest political principle and the fundamental political rule of the Party, and they serve as the touchstone for testing the ideals and convictions, political stance, Party spirit, and capability and work style of Party members and cadres. We must continuously strengthen our political, ideological, and action-based consciousness in upholding the status of General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the entire Party, truly achieving heartfelt devotion to the core emotionally, high-level identification with the core ideologically, resolute defense of the core politically, conscious subordination to the core organizationally, and close following of the core in action. We must uphold and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, improve the implementation mechanism for the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, and ensure that the entire Party maintains a high degree of unity with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in terms of political stance, political direction, political principles, and political path, uniting under the Party's banner into "a solid piece of steel" and advancing in unison.

不断提升政治能力，更加坚定自觉做到“两个维护”。习近平总书记指出，“全面从严治党首先要从政治上看”“政治问题要从政治上来解决”。“两个维护”是党的最高政治原则和根本政治规矩，是检验党员、干部理想信念、政治立场、党性修养和能力作风的试金石。我们要不断增强维护习近平总书记党中央的核心、全党的核心地位的政治自觉、思想自觉、行动自觉，真正做到情感上衷心爱戴核心、思想上高度认同核心、政治上坚决维护核心、组织上自觉服从核心、行动上紧紧跟随核心。要坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导，完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制，确保全党在政治立场、政治方向、政治原则、政治道路上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，在党的旗帜下团结成“一块坚硬的钢铁”，步调一致向前进。

Strengthen the spirit of struggle, and rely on tenacious struggle to open up new prospects for the cause. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to carry forward revolutionary traditions, strengthen the spirit of struggle, and be brave in overcoming all kinds of difficulties and obstacles on the path forward. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will by no means be achieved easily, with beating drums and gongs, nor will it be reached on a smooth, level road or in a single morning or evening. On the path forward, there remain various foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and challenges. We must grasp the historical characteristics of the new great struggle, carry forward the spirit of struggle, grasp the direction of struggle, seize the initiative in struggle, strengthen our will to struggle, enhance our ability to struggle, and boost the ambition, backbone, and confidence of the entire Party, the entire military, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. We must not believe in evil, not fear ghosts, not be intimidated by pressure, advance in the face of difficulties, and confront challenges head-on. We must coordinate development and security, and strive with all our might to overcome all kinds of difficulties and challenges on the path forward. We must strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, adhere to bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, always maintain the caution of treading on thin ice, the acumen of seeing the autumn from a falling leaf, and the initiative of making preparations before it rains. In the great struggle, we must continuously win great victories and continuously push forward the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

增强斗争精神，依靠顽强斗争打开事业新局面。习近平总书记强调，要发扬革命传统，增强斗争精神，勇于战胜前进道路上的各种艰难险阻。中华民族伟大复兴绝不是轻轻松松、敲锣打鼓就能实现的，也绝不是一马平川、朝夕之间就能到达的，前进道路上仍然存在可以预料和难以预料的各种风险挑战。我们必须把握新的伟大斗争的历史特点，发扬斗争精神，把握斗争方向，掌握斗争主动权，坚定斗争意志，增强斗争本领，增强全党全军全国各族人民的志气、骨气、底气，不信邪、不怕鬼、不怕压，知难而进、迎难而上，统筹发展和安全，全力战胜前进道路上各种困难和挑战。要增强忧患意识，坚持底线思维、极限思维，时刻保持如履薄冰的谨慎、见叶知秋的敏锐、未雨绸缪的主动，在伟大斗争中不断赢得伟大胜利，不断把中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程推向前进。

We must firmly grasp the era’s requirement for unity and struggle, and continuously consolidate and develop the situation of great unity and great alliance. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Unity and struggle are the only path for the Party to lead the people in creating great historical achievements.” We must uphold great unity and great alliance, unite all forces that can be united, mobilize all positive factors that can be mobilized, promote harmony in relations between political parties, ethnic groups, religions, social strata, and compatriots at home and abroad, forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and maximize the gathering of forces for common struggle; we must uphold the unity of consistency and diversity, strengthen ideological and political guidance, broadly build consensus, widely gather talents from all over the world, and strive to find the greatest common divisor and draw the largest concentric circle.

牢牢把握团结奋斗的时代要求，不断巩固和发展大团结大联合局面。习近平总书记指出：“团结奋斗是党领导人民创造历史伟业的必由之路。”我们必须坚持大团结大联合，团结一切可以团结的力量，调动一切可以调动的积极因素，促进政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系和谐，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，最大限度凝聚起共同奋斗的力量；坚持一致性和多样性统一，加强思想政治引领，广泛凝聚共识，广聚天下英才，努力寻求最大公约数、画出最大同心圆。

We must comprehensively and strictly govern the Party in depth, and continuously consolidate a sound political ecosystem. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the way, and the Party’s self-revolution is always on the way.” We must persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, deepen the great new project of Party building in the New Era, and lead social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. We must implement the general requirements for Party building in the New Era, take the Party’s political building as the guide to lead all aspects of Party building, improve the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and comprehensively advance the Party’s self-purification, self-improvement, self-reform, and self-enhancement. We must adapt to the new requirements of the cause of Chinese-path modernization, and strive to cultivate a high-quality and professional cadre contingent that is loyal, clean, and responsible. We must adhere to a strict tone in rectifying work style and enforcing discipline, and strive to overcome formalism and bureaucracy, so that the vast number of Party members and cadres, especially grassroots cadres, can concentrate more energy on promoting development and serving the masses. We must adhere to the integrated advancement of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to be corrupt, deepen the simultaneous treatment of symptoms and root causes and systematic governance, continuously maintain a high-pressure stance against corruption, resolutely win the tough and protracted battle against corruption, and ensure that our Party never deteriorates, never changes its color, and never changes its flavor.

深入推进全面从严治党，不断巩固良好政治生态。习近平总书记指出：“全面从严治党永远在路上，党的自我革命永远在路上。”我们必须持之以恒推进全面从严治党，深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，以党的自我革命引领社会革命。要落实新时代党的建设总要求，以党的政治建设统领党的建设各项工作，健全全面从严治党体系，全面推进党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高。要顺应中国式现代化事业发展新要求，着力造就忠诚干净担当的高素质专业化干部队伍。要坚持以严的基调正风肃纪，着力克服形式主义、官僚主义，让广大党员、干部尤其是基层干部把更多精力集中到推动发展、服务群众上。要坚持一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，深化标本兼治、系统施治，持续保持惩治腐败高压态势，坚决打赢反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战，确保我们党永远不变质、不变色、不变味。

(Author: Qu Qingshan, President of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee of the CPC)

（作者：曲青山，中共中央党史和文献研究院院长）

Online editor: Jin Qiu

网络编辑：金秋