Adhering to the Scientific Methodology of Proceeding from Reality in Everything

Acting according to local conditions refers to adopting corresponding measures and methods based on the actual circumstances of different environments; it is a scientific governance method that conforms to reality. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered important speeches on targeted poverty alleviation, new-type urbanization, the "three rural" issues [1]1 "Three rural" issues (三农问题) refers to the interrelated problems of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, a standard policy term in China., ideological and political theory courses, ecological civilization construction, new quality productive forces, and other topics, clearly articulating "acting according to local conditions" in many respects. Deeply studying and comprehending these important expositions is of great significance for persisting in applying dialectical thinking and a systems perspective on the new journey of the New Era, and for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

因地制宜，指根据不同环境的实际情况，采取相应的措施和方法，是一种符合实际的科学治理方法。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕脱贫攻坚、新型城镇化、“三农”问题、思想政治理论课、生态文明建设、新质生产力等发表重要讲话，明确阐发了诸多方面的“因地制宜”。深入学习领会这些重要论述，对于在新时代新征程上坚持运用辩证思维和系统观念，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴具有重要意义。

From December 29 to 30, 2012, when inspecting poverty alleviation and development work in Fuping County, Hebei Province, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must proceed from reality, act according to local conditions, clarify our thinking, improve planning, and identify breakthroughs. On February 21, 2017, at the 39th collective study session of the 18th Central Political Bureau, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to improve the effectiveness of poverty alleviation measures, the core is to act according to local conditions and tailor policies to individuals, households, and villages. Targeted poverty alleviation is a major strategic decision under the leadership of the CPC, aimed at eradicating poverty, improving people's livelihoods, and achieving common prosperity. This is an essential requirement of socialism and an important mission of the CPC. By implementing the targeted poverty alleviation strategy and carrying out targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty elimination, our Party, closely integrating China's actual conditions, with pragmatic measures and innovative methods, historically solved the absolute poverty problem that had long plagued our country, completed the bottom-line task and landmark indicators of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and provided strong support for the country's stability and development.

2012年12月29日至30日，习近平总书记在河北省阜平县考察扶贫开发工作时强调，要坚持从实际出发，因地制宜，理清思路、完善规划、找准突破口。2017年2月21日，习近平总书记在十八届中央政治局第三十九次集体学习时强调，要提高扶贫措施有效性，核心是因地制宜、因人因户因村施策。脱贫攻坚是中国共产党领导下的重大战略决策，旨在消除贫困、改善民生、实现共同富裕，这是社会主义的本质要求，也是中国共产党的重要使命。通过实施脱贫攻坚战略，开展精准扶贫、精准脱贫，我们党紧密结合中国实际情况，以务实的举措和创新的方法，历史性地解决了长期困扰我国的绝对贫困问题，完成了全面建成小康社会的底线任务和标志性指标，为国家的稳定与发展提供了强有力的支持。

On December 12, 2013, at the Central Urbanization Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that urbanization is constrained by natural conditions, by the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and by the level of economic and social development; it is necessary to act according to local conditions and make a rational layout. On February 21, 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave instructions on further advancing new-type urbanization construction, encouraging all localities to act according to local conditions, highlight their characteristics, boldly innovate, actively guide social capital to participate, and promote the sustained and healthy development of new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics. The "new" in new-type urbanization lies in highlighting the people-centered value concept. Coordinating new-type urbanization construction is not only the necessary path for Chinese-path modernization but also the driving force for releasing China's huge domestic demand potential and promoting sustained economic development, and it is even more a booster for further comprehensively deepening reform and opening up. Currently, China is in the later stage of rapid urbanization development, and the urbanization rate still has room for improvement. We must always adhere to the development concept that the people's city is built by the people and for the people, coordinate the urbanization development levels of various regions, and focus on key areas such as the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population, the improvement of urbanization levels in potential areas, the cultivation of modern metropolitan areas, and urban renewal and safety resilience enhancement, to deeply implement the new-type urbanization strategy. By steadily improving the quality and level of urbanization, continuously perfecting and improving the new-type urbanization institutional mechanisms, and promoting new-type urbanization construction with high quality, we provide strong support for the integrated development of urban and rural areas and the advancement of Chinese-path modernization.

2013年12月12日，习近平总书记在中央城镇化工作会议上强调，城镇化受自然条件制约，受资源环境承载能力制约，受经济社会发展水平制约，要因地制宜、合理布局。2016年2月21日，习近平总书记对深入推进新型城镇化建设作出指示，鼓励各地因地制宜、突出特色、大胆创新，积极引导社会资本参与，促进中国特色新型城镇化持续健康发展。新型城镇化“新”在突出以人为本的价值理念。统筹新型城镇化建设不仅是中国式现代化道路的必由之路，也是释放我国巨大内需潜力和推动经济持续发展的动能所在，更是进一步全面深化改革的推进器。当前，我国正处于城镇化快速发展后期阶段，城镇化率仍有提升空间。要始终坚持人民城市人民建、人民城市为人民的发展理念，统筹各地区城镇化发展水平，围绕农业转移人口市民化、潜力地区城镇化水平提升、现代化都市圈培育、城市更新和安全韧性提升等重点领域，深入实施新型城镇化战略。通过稳步提高城镇化的质量和水平，不断完善和健全新型城镇化体制机制，高质量推进新型城镇化建设，为城乡融合发展和推进中国式现代化提供有力支撑。

On July 15, 2019, when inspecting Inner Mongolia, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must adhere to acting according to local conditions and tailoring policies to villages, planting where suitable, raising livestock where suitable, and forestry where suitable, and focus industrial development on increasing farmers' incomes. On April 25, 2021, when inspecting Guangxi, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized developing new industries and new business forms such as rural tourism and leisure agriculture according to local conditions, integrating production, processing, and sales, merging agriculture, culture, and tourism, promoting the growth and expansion of rural industries, and allowing farmers to share more of the value-added benefits of industries. Agriculture is the foundation of the state; when the foundation is solid, the state is secure. Issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are fundamental issues related to the national economy and people's livelihoods. On the new journey of the New Era, based on China's national conditions and agricultural conditions and respecting farmers' demands, we must strengthen the stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products, ensure the input of high-quality factors into grain production, continuously mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain and governments to focus on grain, and firmly grasp the initiative in grain security. Steadily advance rural reform and development, by deepening the reform of the rural land system, consolidating and improving the basic rural management system, perfecting the support system for strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching them, and advancing agricultural and rural modernization. Comprehensively promote rural revitalization, consolidate and expand the achievements of targeted poverty alleviation, by continuously adjusting and optimizing the rural industrial structure, improving the level of social civility in rural areas, enhancing rural infrastructure and public services, and accelerating the construction of livable, workable, and beautiful villages.

2019年7月15日，习近平总书记在内蒙古考察时强调，要坚持因地制宜、因村施策，宜种则种、宜养则养、宜林则林，把产业发展落到促进农民增收上来。2021年4月25日，习近平总书记在广西考察时强调，因地制宜发展乡村旅游、休闲农业等新产业新业态，贯通产加销，融合农文旅，推动乡村产业发展壮大，让农民更多分享产业增值收益。农为邦本，本固邦宁。农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题。新时代新征程，在立足我国国情农情、尊重农民诉求的基础上，加强粮食和重要农产品稳产保供，确保优质要素投入粮食生产，不断调动农民种粮和政府抓粮积极性，牢牢把握粮食安全主动权。稳步推进农村改革发展，通过深化农村土地制度改革，巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，完善强农惠农富农支持制度，推进农业农村现代化。全面推进乡村振兴，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，通过不断调整优化乡村产业结构，提高乡村社会文明程度，改善乡村基础设施和公共服务，加快建设宜居宜业和美乡村。

On March 18, 2019, at a symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that there are unified requirements for the teaching objectives, curriculum settings, textbook use, and teaching management of ideological and political courses, but specific implementation must act according to local conditions, according to the times, and according to students' aptitudes, combining reality to implement the unified requirements well, and encouraging exploration of different methods and paths. Ideological and political theory courses are not only key courses for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education but also foundational courses for the socialist education cause with Chinese characteristics, shouldering the important mission of cultivating builders and successors of socialism. We must adhere to a problem-oriented approach, target demands for precise supply, follow the laws of adolescent growth and teaching, and genuinely respond to adolescents' ideological confusions, practical needs, and course expectations. Clarify the differences in the content of ideological and political course teaching according to different age groups, achieving supply-demand linkage in ideological and political course teaching across primary, secondary, and tertiary schools. Persist in simultaneously advancing the construction of ideological and political courses with the theoretical innovation of the Party, continuously consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, strengthen adolescents' belief in taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and consciously shoulder the heavy responsibility of the times to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

2019年3月18日，习近平总书记在学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会上强调，思政课的教学目标、课程设置、教材使用、教学管理等方面有统一要求，但具体落实要因地制宜、因时制宜、因材施教，结合实际把统一性要求落实好，鼓励探索不同方法和路径。思想政治理论课不仅是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，更是中国特色社会主义教育事业的根基性课程，肩负着培养社会主义建设者和接班人的重要使命。要坚持问题导向，瞄准需求精准供给，遵循青少年成长规律、教学规律，真切回应青少年的思想困惑、现实需求、课程期待。根据不同年龄阶段明确思政课教学内容的差异性，实现大中小学思政课教学的供需联动。坚持思政课建设与党的创新理论武装同步推进，不断巩固马克思主义意识形态领域的指导地位，坚定青少年走中国特色社会主义道路的信念，自觉肩负起实现中华民族伟大复兴的时代重任。

On April 28, 2019, at the opening ceremony of the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019 Beijing, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that ecological governance must follow laws, plan scientifically, act according to local conditions, and take a comprehensive and balanced approach to create a diverse and symbiotic ecosystem. Ecological civilization construction concerns the well-being of the people and the future of the nation; it is an inherent requirement for comprehensively building a modern socialist country and a profound revolution involving production methods, lifestyles, ways of thinking, and values. Currently, China's ecological civilization construction is still in a critical period of overlapping pressures and heavy burdens; the national conditions of high resource pressure, limited environmental capacity, and fragile ecosystems have not changed. We must further deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, perfect and implement the institutional mechanisms for the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, continuously advance the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capacity, so that the achievements of building a beautiful China benefit all people more and more fairly, and write a new chapter in the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

2019年4月28日，习近平总书记在中国北京世界园艺博览会开幕式上强调，生态治理必须遵循规律，科学规划，因地制宜，统筹兼顾，打造多元共生的生态系统。生态文明建设关系人民福祉，关乎民族未来，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求，也是一场涉及生产方式、生活方式、思维方式和价值观念的深刻变革。当前，我国生态文明建设仍处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期，资源压力大、环境容量有限、生态系统脆弱的国情没有改变，要进一步深化生态文明体制改革，完善落实绿水青山就是金山银山理念的体制机制，促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型，持续推进生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化，让美丽中国建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，谱写人与自然和谐共生的现代化新篇章。

On March 5, 2024, when participating in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must firmly grasp the primary task of high-quality development and develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions. New quality productive forces are productive forces driven by scientific and technological innovation, productive forces that have broken away from traditional growth paths and meet the requirements of high-quality development, and productive forces that are more integrated and embody new connotations in the digital age. Developing new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality development. Currently, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is forming a historic convergence with China's acceleration of transforming the economic development model. To form productive forces that conform to the laws of high-quality economic development, we must lead industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation, actively cultivate and develop new quality productive forces. We must further comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, stimulate the innovation vitality of scientific researchers; improve the basic research and development capabilities of digital technology, accelerate digital technology innovation; unblock the two-way linkage channels between basic research, applied research, and industrialization, promote the integrated development of the industrial chain and innovation chain; promote the low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consuming industries, accelerate the tackling of key green and low-carbon technologies; adhere to high-level opening up, absorb advanced scientific and technological achievements from the world, thereby forming stronger scientific and technological innovation capabilities, and providing a solid foundation for the development of new quality productive forces.

2024年3月5日，习近平总书记在参加十四届全国人大二次会议江苏代表团审议时强调，要牢牢把握高质量发展这个首要任务，因地制宜发展新质生产力。新质生产力，是以科技创新为主的生产力，是摆脱了传统增长路径、符合高质量发展要求的生产力，是数字时代更具融合性、更体现新内涵的生产力。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革与我国加快转变经济发展方式形成历史性交汇，要形成符合经济高质量发展规律的生产力，就必须以科技创新引领产业创新，积极培育和发展新质生产力。我们要进一步全面深化科技体制改革，激发科研人员创新活力；提高数字技术基础研发能力，加快数字技术创新；疏通基础研究、应用研究和产业化双向链接通道，促进产业链创新链融合发展；推动高耗能行业低碳转型，加速绿色低碳科技攻关；坚持高水平对外开放，吸收世界先进科技成果，从而形成更加强大的科技创新能力，为新质生产力发展提供坚实的基础。

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧