Innovatively Allocating Factors of Production to Drive the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces engendered by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of factors of production, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is mainly the leap in the quality of labourers, means of labour, objects of labour and their optimal combination, and their core marker is a substantial increase in total factor productivity. Among these, the innovative allocation of factors of production can efficiently activate new quality productive forces.

新质生产力是由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级催生出来的先进生产力，主要以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，其中，生产要素创新性配置可以高效激活新质生产力。

In recent years, with the comprehensive rollout of pilot reforms for the market-based allocation of factors across China, the pace of reform in the factor sphere has markedly accelerated. Yet, compared with the demands of developing new quality productive forces, the supply level of various factors still suffers, to varying degrees, from problems such as the suboptimal quality of scientific and technological talent factors, the low efficiency of resource factor allocation, insufficient concentration of capital factors, and inadequate exploitation of the value of new-type factors such as data. Therefore, to allocate factors of production innovatively in light of local conditions and channel limited resources into the new quality productive forces fields that can create the greatest value, it is necessary to further improve the quality of scientific and technological talent factors, optimise the efficiency of resource factor allocation, guide the concentration of capital factors, and activate the potential of new-type factors, thereby comprehensively generating the momentum for high-quality development of new quality productive forces.

近年来，随着我国要素市场化配置综合改革试点工作的全面铺开，要素领域改革步伐明显加快，但各要素供给水平与新质生产力发展的要求相比，仍不同程度存在科技人才要素质量不优、各类资源要素配置效率不高、资本要素不够集中、数据等新型要素价值发掘不足等问题。因此，如何因地制宜创新性进行生产要素配置，将有限的资源投入到最能创造价值的新质生产力领域，需要进一步提升科技人才要素质量、优化资源要素配置效率、引导资本要素集中、激活新型要素潜能，全面催生新质生产力高质量发展动能。

Drive increases in both the quantity and quality of scientific and technological talent factors. Science and technology are the primary productive forces, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force. As the most active factor in new quality productive forces, the dual enhancement of talent’s quality and quantity directly affects the level of development of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to further improve the talent system with international competitiveness, optimise the environment for talent development, attract top-tier, urgently needed, scarce and cutting-edge talent from both domestic and international sources without sticking to one pattern, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines and interdisciplinary fields, make extraordinary arrangements for urgently needed and frontier academic programmes, and concentrate efforts on cultivating a number of high-energy innovation platforms with international influence. By means of complete research facilities, a superior innovation environment, attentive service guarantees and an open cooperation mechanism, we should attract and retain the world’s top innovative talent and innovation teams, thereby providing talent support for the growth and expansion of new quality productive forces.

推动科技人才要素增量提质。科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力。人才作为新质生产力中最活跃的因素，其质量与数量的双提升直接关系到新质生产力的发展水平。要进一步完善具有国际竞争力的人才制度体系，优化人才发展环境，不拘一格吸引国内外“高精尖缺”人才聚集，加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设，超常布局急需、前沿学科专业，要聚力培育一批具有国际影响力的高能级创新平台，以完善的科研设施、优越的创新环境、贴心的服务保障和开放的合作机制，吸引和留住全球顶尖的创新人才和创新团队，为新质生产力发展壮大提供人才支撑。

Encourage synergy and efficiency gains among innovation entities. Scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force for the high-quality development of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to focus on the core technological bottlenecks in new quality productive forces, encourage innovation entities to further increase their investment in scientific and technological research and development, and promote coordinated efforts among innovation entities such as enterprises, universities and research institutes in the “industry-university-research” chain, jointly carrying out collaborative research to break through core technologies in key areas and solve the “bottleneck” problems [1]1 “Bottleneck” problems (卡脖子难题) — a Chinese term for critical technological bottlenecks where foreign dependence creates vulnerability, literally “choking the neck.”. It is further necessary to improve the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements, accelerate the conversion of such achievements into real productive forces, and ensure that the scientific and technological achievements developed truly serve the purpose of driving the development of new quality productive forces.

鼓励创新主体协同增效。科技创新是推动新质生产力高质量发展的核心动力，要聚焦新质生产力中的核心技术瓶颈，鼓励创新主体进一步加大对科技研发的投入力度，推动企业、高校和科研院所等创新主体进行“产学研”协同发力，共同开展联合攻关突破关键领域核心技术，解决“卡脖子”难题。进一步完善科技成果转化机制，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化，让研发出来的科技成果真正达到推动新质生产力发展的目的。

Promote the efficient allocation of resource factors. Resources are the material foundation for the development of productive forces. To promote the high-quality development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to allocate various resource factors efficiently and guide them to converge towards intensive, green and low-carbon economic and social development. Energy is a basic resource for economic and social development. The pace of green transformation of energy resources should be accelerated, with vigorous development of clean energy and renewable energy industries. Through technological innovation and policy guidance, the production and use costs of clean energy should be reduced to enhance its market competitiveness. At the same time, the concept of green and low-carbon development should be embedded throughout the entire process and in all areas of economic and social development, achieving transformation and upgrading in industrial restructuring, energy structure optimisation, and technological innovation.

促进资源要素高效配置。资源是生产力发展的物质基础。推动新质生产力高质量发展，要对各类资源要素进行高效配置，引导各类资源要素向经济社会集约绿色低碳发展聚合。能源是经济社会发展的基础资源，要加快能源资源的绿色转型步伐，大力发展清洁能源和可再生能源产业，通过技术创新和政策引导等手段，降低清洁能源的生产成本和使用成本，提高其市场竞争力。同时，要将绿色低碳理念贯穿于经济社会发展全过程、各领域，在产业结构调整、能源结构优化、技术创新等方面实现转型升级。

Guide the concentration and convergence of capital factors. Capital is the lifeblood of economic development, and its direction of flow directly affects the quality of industrial upgrading and economic development. Through measures such as formulating preferential tax policies, providing financial subsidies, and establishing special funds, capital factors should be guided to converge towards high-value-added, high-tech and strategic emerging industries, thereby providing strong financial guarantees for the development of new quality productive forces. Finance is the core of the modern economy, and the development of new quality productive forces requires robust support from the financial system. In accordance with the needs of developing new quality productive forces, more capital factors should be concentrated on promoting scientific and technological innovation, advanced manufacturing and green development, with efforts to remove the funding bottlenecks and financial system shortcomings that constrain the development of new quality productive forces. A high-standard capital market system and financial institution system should be established, the methods of allocating capital factors should be innovated, and the smooth flow of various advanced and high-quality production factors towards the development direction of new quality productive forces should be promoted. It is necessary to deepen financial system reform and optimise the structure of financial resource allocation, including improving the multi-tiered capital market system, broadening financing channels for small and micro enterprises, promoting financial technology innovation, and enhancing the efficiency and quality of financial services, so that financial resources can more precisely meet the needs of the real economy, thereby assisting industrial upgrading and the high-quality development of new quality productive forces.

引导资本要素汇聚集中。资本是经济发展的血液，其流向直接影响着产业升级和经济发展的质量。应通过制定税收优惠政策、提供财政补贴、设立专项基金等方式引导资本要素向高附加值、高技术和战略性新兴产业等领域汇聚，为新质生产力的发展提供强大的资金保障。金融是现代经济的核心，新质生产力发展需要金融体系的有力支撑。应根据新质生产力发展需要，把更多资本要素集中用于促进科技创新、先进制造和绿色发展，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的资金瓶颈和金融制度短板，建立高标准资本市场体系和金融机构体系，创新资本要素配置方式，促进各类先进优质生产要素向新质生产力的发展方向顺畅流动。要深化金融体制改革，优化金融资源配置结构，包括完善多层次资本市场体系、拓宽中小微企业融资渠道、推动金融科技创新、提升金融服务效率和质量等，使金融资源能够更加精准地对接实体经济需求，助力产业升级和新质生产力的高质量发展。

Activate the value potential of new-type factors. As one of the new core resources in the information age, data is a basic resource for the birth and development of new industries, new business forms and new models, and is crucial for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces. The value potential of data factors should be fully activated by increasing the supply of data resources, enhancing the capacity for data security governance and supervision, and fully exploiting data application scenarios. The standardisation and normalisation of data collection, storage, processing and analysis should be promoted to meet the needs of large-scale data circulation and use. An efficient, convenient and secure mechanism for cross-border data flow should be established to ensure the security and reliability of data during collection, storage, transmission and use, providing data users with safer, more convenient and more efficient channels for data acquisition and services. Data application scenarios should be fully exploited, cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-field data integration and sharing should be strengthened, and the innovative application of data in different scenarios should be promoted. The integrated development of digital scenarios for government use, civilian use and commercial use should be advanced, data products and services that meet market demand should be designed and developed, and data resources should be transformed into a new driving force for the high-quality development of new quality productive forces.

激活新型要素价值潜能。数据作为信息时代的新型核心资源之一，是新产业、新业态、新模式诞生和发展的基础资源，对于培育和发展新质生产力至关重要。要充分激活数据要素价值潜能，加大数据资源供给、提升数据安全治理监管能力并充分挖掘数据应用场景。要推动数据资源采集、存储、处理和分析等环节的标准化和规范化建设，满足数据大规模流通使用需求。建立高效便利安全的数据跨境流动机制，确保数据在采集、存储、传输和使用过程中的安全性和可靠性，为数据使用者提供更加安全、便捷、高效的数据获取渠道和服务。充分挖掘数据应用场景，加强跨区域、跨部门、跨领域的数据融合与共享工作，推动数据在不同场景下的创新应用，推动政用、民用、商用数字场景融合发展，设计并开发符合市场需求的数据产品和服务，使数据资源转化为推动新质生产力高质量发展的新动能。

(Authors: Yan Jiao and Zhou Bo, both are specially appointed researchers at the Research Centre for the Theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)

（作者：颜 娇 周 博，均系广西壮族自治区中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧