Handling the Relationship between the Government and the Market

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his “Explanation of the ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization’” that “the Decision draft, centering on the core issue of handling the relationship between the government and the market, places the construction of a high-level socialist market economy system in a prominent position and makes arrangements for key areas and crucial links of economic system reform.” This important exposition profoundly elucidates the great significance of handling the relationship between the government and the market for further deepening economic system reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization, providing fundamental guidance and a course of action for building a high-level socialist market economy system and better leveraging the leading role of economic system reform in the current and future period.

习近平总书记在《关于<中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定>的说明》中指出，“决定稿围绕处理好政府和市场关系这个核心问题，把构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制摆在突出位置，对经济体制改革重点领域和关键环节作出部署”。这一重要论述深刻阐释了处理好政府和市场关系对进一步深化经济体制改革、推进中国式现代化的重大意义，为当前和今后一个时期构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、更好发挥经济体制改革牵引作用提供了根本遵循和行动指南。

I. Profoundly Understanding the Great Significance of Handling the Relationship between the Government and the Market

一、深刻认识处理好政府和市场关系的重大意义

Adhering to the reform direction of the socialist market economy, the core issue is to handle the relationship between the government and the market, enabling the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government to better play its role. Handling the relationship between the government and the market is of great significance for adhering to the people-centered development philosophy, perfecting the basic socialist economic system, building a high-level socialist market economy system, and promoting high-quality development of China’s economy.

坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。处理好政府和市场关系，对于坚持以人民为中心的发展思想、完善社会主义基本经济制度、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、推动我国经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

An inevitable requirement for adhering to the people-centered development philosophy. To achieve the organic coordination of being both “able to let go” and “able to manage well,” it is necessary to fully leverage the role of market mechanisms and better play the government’s role, using the “visible hand” to regulate, guide, and standardize the “invisible hand,” so that the operation of the national economy serves the purpose of socialist production. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “To advance any major reform, we must grasp and handle major issues related to the reform from the standpoint of the people, and formulate reform ideas and measures from the perspective of the people’s interests.” Handling the relationship between the government and the market must take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the people’s well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal. Through strategic planning, macro governance, mechanism design, and micro regulation, the two should promote each other, complement each other organically, and work in synergy, achieving the organic unity of vitality and order, and becoming an important institutional mechanism for promoting national prosperity, social stability, and the people’s affluence.

坚持以人民为中心的发展思想的必然要求。实现既“放得活”又“管得住”的有机协调，必须充分发挥市场机制作用、更好发挥政府作用，用“看得见的手”调节、引领、规范“看不见的手”，使国民经济运行达到服务于社会主义生产目的。习近平总书记指出，“推进任何一项重大改革，都要站在人民立场上把握和处理好涉及改革的重大问题，都要从人民利益出发谋划改革思路、制定改革举措”。处理好政府和市场关系，必须以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，通过战略规划、宏观治理、机制设计、微观规制等方式使二者相互促进、有机补充、协同发力，实现活力和秩序的有机统一，成为推动国家富强、社会稳定、人民富裕的重要体制机制。

An inevitable requirement for upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system. Centering on the relationship between the government and the market, building a high-level socialist market economy system must adhere to the basic socialist economic system. Facing the complex and ever-changing international and domestic situations, it is necessary to strengthen the role of the basic socialist economic system as a stabilizer, ballast, and resilience belt, further leverage institutional advantages, maintain strategic focus, and enhance the ability to accurately identify changes, scientifically respond to changes, and proactively seek changes. Facing the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, it is necessary to leverage the role of the state-owned economy in the new type of nationwide system [1]1 This refers to the evolution of the phrasing of the market’s role in the Chinese economic system, from “fundamental” (as stated at the 14th National Congress of the CPC in 1992) to “decisive” (as stated at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee in 2013), while continuing to “better play the government’s role.”, promote the concentration of state-owned capital in forward-looking and strategic emerging industries, improve the institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to promote original innovation, support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks, and win the battle for key core technologies. Facing the new expectations of the people, it is necessary to build a coordinated institutional system of primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and full employment, improve the social security system, solve the pressing, difficult, and anxious problems of the people, and let the achievements of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly.

坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度的必然要求。以政府和市场关系为核心，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，必须坚持社会主义基本经济制度。面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，必须强化社会主义基本经济制度稳定器、压舱石、韧性带作用，进一步发挥制度优势，保持战略定力，提高准确识变、科学应变、主动求变的能力。面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，要发挥国有经济在新型举国体制中的作用，推动国有资本向前瞻性战略性新兴产业集中，健全国有企业推进原始创新制度安排，支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务，打好关键核心技术攻坚战。面对人民群众新期待，必须构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系，健全高质量充分就业促进机制，健全社会保障体系，解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

An inevitable requirement for building a high-level socialist market economy system. A high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. Building a high-level socialist market economy system requires the formation of a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, a unified national market, business entities with development vitality and endogenous motivation, smooth circulation of the national economy, and a complete market system and basic institutions. These characteristics and requirements are the result of the joint action of the government and the market, and at the same time represent an upgrade of the relationship between the two, reflecting the interaction, mutual promotion, and synergy between the government and the market.

构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障。构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制要求形成统一开放竞争有序的市场体系、全国统一大市场、经营主体具有发展活力和内生动力、国民经济循环畅通、完善的市场体系和基础制度等，这些特征和要求是政府和市场共同作用的结果，同时也是二者关系的升级，体现了政府和市场之间的互动、互促、协同作用。

An inevitable requirement for China’s economy transitioning from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. Whether the relationship between the government and the market can be handled well has an important impact on economic development. Different models of the government-market relationship largely determine the performance, speed, and direction of economic development. Looking at the development history of countries around the world, those that can correctly handle the relationship between the two can achieve better economic development results. Conversely, economies that unilaterally emphasize the role of the market or the government have produced many negative effects. High-quality development inevitably requires a new form of government-market relationship. Promoting high-quality development in the new development stage requires, on the one hand, better leveraging the role of the market to continuously enhance the innovation and creativity of various economic entities; on the other hand, it requires better leveraging the role of the government to maintain market order, remedy market failures, improve the macroeconomic governance system, provide high-level management and services for the operation of the market economy, and achieve the organic unity of being both “able to let go” and “able to manage well.”

我国经济从高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段的必然要求。能否处理好政府和市场关系对经济发展具有重要影响，政府和市场关系的不同模式在很大程度上决定着经济发展的绩效、速度和方向。纵观世界各国发展历史，凡是能够正确处理二者之间关系的国家，都能够取得较好的经济发展成效，反之，片面强调市场作用或政府作用的经济体，都产生了较多负面效应。高质量发展必然要求政府和市场关系新形态。新发展阶段推进高质量发展，一方面要求更好发挥市场作用，不断增强各经济主体创新创造活力；另一方面则要求更好发挥政府作用，维护市场秩序、弥补市场失灵，健全宏观经济治理体系，为市场经济运行提供高水平的管理和服务，实现既“放得活”又“管得住”的有机统一。

II. Accurately Grasping the Rich Connotation of Handling the Relationship between the Government and the Market

二、准确把握处理好政府和市场关系的丰富内涵

Handling the relationship between the government and the market is a major theoretical and practical proposition for China’s economic development. Since reform and opening up, our Party’s understanding of the relationship between the government and the market has continuously deepened, the socialist market economy system has continuously developed and improved, and a regular understanding of the relationship between the government and the market has been formed.

处理好政府和市场关系是我国经济发展的重大理论和实践命题。改革开放以来，我们党对政府和市场关系的认识不断深化，社会主义市场经济体制不断发展和完善，形成了关于政府和市场关系的规律性认识。

The core issue of economic system reform is to handle the relationship between the government and the market. From “a planned economy as the mainstay, with market regulation as a supplement,” to “a planned commodity economy on the basis of public ownership,” and then to the establishment of the reform goal of “building a socialist market economy system” at the 14th National Congress of the CPC [2]2 “New Era” (新时代) refers to the period beginning with the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., all have revolved around the core issue of economic system reform, namely, the relationship between the government and the market. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC [3]3 The Two “Unwaverings” (两个“毫不动摇”) is a policy principle: unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy. pointed out that economic system reform is the focus of comprehensively deepening reform, and the core issue is to handle the relationship between the government and the market, enabling the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government to better play its role. This formulation profoundly elucidates the inherent laws of better combining the government and the market, is a theoretical innovation in understanding the relationship between the government and the market, and is a new achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC [4] proposed “building a high-level socialist market economy system,” setting new positioning and goals for the relationship between the government and the market, establishing the development direction of the government-market relationship in the new development stage and the focus of further comprehensively deepening reform. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [5], on the basis of emphasizing “fully leveraging the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better playing the government’s role,” further proposes “achieving optimization of resource allocation efficiency and maximization of benefits, being both ‘able to let go’ and ‘able to manage well’,” further enriching the contemporary connotation of the government-market relationship with Chinese characteristics.

经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场关系。从“计划经济为主、市场调节为辅”，到“在公有制基础上的有计划的商品经济”，再到党的十四大确立“建立社会主义市场经济体制”的改革目标，皆是围绕政府和市场关系这个经济体制改革核心问题展开的。党的十八届三中全会指出，经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点，核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。这一表述深刻阐明了政府和市场更好结合的内在规律，是对政府和市场关系认识的理论创新，是马克思主义中国化的一个新成果。党的十九届五中全会提出“构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制”，对政府和市场关系提出新的定位和目标，确立了新发展阶段政府和市场关系的发展指向和进一步全面深化改革的着力点。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》，在强调“充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用”基础上，进一步提出“实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，既‘放得活’又‘管得住’”，进一步丰富了中国特色政府和市场关系的时代内涵。

The role of the market and the role of the government complement, promote, and supplement each other. The market playing a decisive role in resource allocation does not mean it plays the entire role; better playing the government’s role does not mean playing a greater role, but rather, on the premise of ensuring the market plays a decisive role, managing those things that the market cannot manage or cannot manage well. China’s innovative practice regarding the relationship between the government and the market breaks through the Western economic theory of the binary opposition between the government and the market, viewing their relationship from a dialectical perspective. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “On the issue of the role of the market

市场作用和政府作用相辅相成、相互促进、相互补充。市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，并不是起全部作用；更好发挥政府作用，不是要更多发挥政府作用，而是要在保证市场发挥决定性作用的前提下，管好那些市场管不了或管不好的事情。我国关于政府和市场关系的创新实践，突破了西方经济理论政府和市场二元对立的思想，用辩证的视角来看待二者的关系。习近平总书记指出，“在市场作用和政府作用的问题上，要讲辩证法、两点论，‘看不见的手’和‘看得见的手’都要用好”。这一论述高度概括了处理政府和市场关系的原理和方法，是辩证思维在处理政府和市场关系中的创造性运用。

The relationship between the government and the market is dynamic and changing. The government and the market are two different modes of resource allocation; their distinct roles should be brought into play based on the stage of economic and social development, national strategic objectives, and the characteristics of resource factors. Under different conditions, it is necessary to adjust their relationship according to different development goals and strategic orientations, so that it adapts to changed circumstances. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “‘The decisive role’ and ‘the fundamental role’—these two positions are sequentially linked, inherited and developed.” [1]1 This refers to the evolution of the phrasing of the market’s role in the Chinese economic system, from “fundamental” (as stated at the 14th National Congress of the CPC in 1992) to “decisive” (as stated at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee in 2013), while continuing to “better play the government’s role.” The shift from a fundamental role to a decisive role represents the advancement and development of the theory of the socialist market economy in response to changes in the problems encountered during reform and development. It marks a new breakthrough in our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the construction of a socialist economy with Chinese characteristics and signifies that the development of the socialist market economy has entered a new stage.

政府和市场关系是动态的和变化的。政府和市场是两种不同的资源配置方式，要依据经济社会发展阶段、国家战略目标和资源要素特性发挥二者的不同作用。在不同的条件下，需要根据不同发展目标和战略导向调节二者的关系，使其适应变化了的情况。习近平总书记指出，“‘决定性作用‘和‘基础性作用’这两个定位是前后衔接、继承发展的”。从基础性作用到决定性作用，是针对改革发展中问题的变化而对社会主义市场经济理论的推进和发展，是我们党对中国特色社会主义经济建设规律认识的新突破，标志着社会主义市场经济发展进入新阶段。

The relationship between the government and the market has the characteristic of strategic orientation. China’s innovative practice concerning the relationship between the government and the market has provided new experience, new models, and new thinking for economic system reform. It embodies the major strategic demands of the Party and the state, and is an economic system setting integrated into the socialist system with Chinese characteristics—including the fundamental system, basic systems, and important systems—serving the central tasks of the Party and the state. Generally speaking, there is no unified model for properly handling the relationship between the government and the market. Dynamic optimization and adjustment must be carried out in practice according to the actual conditions of each country’s basic economic system, stage of economic development, and economic development goals, while also taking into account the systemic, holistic, and synergistic nature of reform, so as to achieve better mutual complementarity, organic coordination, and mutual reinforcement between the market role and the government role.

政府和市场关系具有战略导向特征。我国关于政府和市场关系的创新实践，提供了经济体制改革的新经验新模式新思想，体现了党和国家的重大战略性诉求，是融于社会主义根本制度、基本制度、重要制度等中国特色社会主义制度体系的经济体制设定，服务于党和国家的中心任务。总体上讲，处理好政府和市场关系没有统一的模式，要根据各国基本经济制度、经济发展阶段、经济发展目标等实际情况在实践中进行动态优化调整，同时兼顾改革的系统性、整体性、协同性，以实现市场作用和政府作用更好地相互补充、有机协同、互促发力。

III. Key Tasks for Further Properly Handling the Relationship between the Government and the Market

三、进一步处理好政府和市场关系的重点任务

To further deepen reform comprehensively on the new journey of the New Era, [2]2 “New Era” (新时代) refers to the period beginning with the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. it is necessary to take institutional building as the main line, focus on constructing a high-level socialist market economy system, and further properly handle the relationship between the government and the market in terms of improving the market system, optimizing government and social investment channels, creating a favorable market environment, and enhancing the consistency of macro-policy orientation. On a higher starting point, at a higher level, and on a more mature and finalized institutional foundation, we must give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better play the government’s role, striving to smooth the national economic cycle and stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society.

新时代新征程进一步全面深化改革，要以制度建设为主线，聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，从完善市场体系、优化政府和社会投资渠道、营造良好市场环境、增强宏观政策取向一致性等方面，进一步处理好政府和市场关系，在更高起点、更高层次、更加成熟定型的制度基础上，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，着力畅通国民经济循环、激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。

Uphold and implement the Two “Unwaverings.” [3]3 The Two “Unwaverings” (两个“毫不动摇”) is a policy principle: unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy. Both the public sector of the economy and the non-public sector of the economy are important components of the socialist market economy. Equal rights, equal opportunities, and equal rules for all types of business entities are inherent requirements of the market economy. It is necessary to leverage the advantages of the state-owned economy, enhance its core functions, improve its core competitiveness, and promote the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key fields related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency response capacity, and public welfare fields related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and in forward-looking and strategic emerging industries. Leverage the advantages of the private economy, create a favorable environment, provide more opportunities, promote the fair opening of competitive areas of infrastructure to business entities, and support capable private enterprises in taking the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks.

坚持和落实两个“毫不动摇”。公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。各种经营主体的权利平等、机会平等、规则平等是市场经济的内在要求。要发挥国有经济优势，增强国有经济核心功能，提升核心竞争力，推动国有资本向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域集中，向关系国计民生的公共服务、应急能力、公益性领域等集中，向前瞻性战略性新兴产业集中。发挥民营经济优势，营造良好环境、提供更多机会，推进基础设施竞争性领域向经营主体公平开放，支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务。

Promote the smooth flow of production factors and release market potential. The factor market is an important component of the market system. Compared with the product market, China’s factor market is unevenly developed; new factor markets such as technology and data are underdeveloped; and traditional factor markets suffer from problems such as inconsistent and non-standard institutional rules, hindering the formation of a unified national market. To solve these problems, it is necessary to further improve the institutions and rules of the factor market, smooth the circulation channels of production factors, cultivate a national integrated technology and data market, improve the mechanism for determining factor prices mainly by market supply and demand, enhance the efficiency of resource and factor allocation, fully release the potential of various markets, and activate new drivers of economic development. For special fields and strategic resources, such as national defense construction, the government’s decisive role should be brought into play. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “For some strategic energy and resources, the government must firmly control them, but this can be done through market mechanisms.”

推动生产要素畅通流动，释放市场潜力。要素市场是市场体系的重要组成部分。我国要素市场与产品市场相比发展不平衡，技术、数据等新型要素市场发育不充分，传统要素市场存在制度规则不统一、不规范等问题，阻碍全国统一大市场的形成。要破解这些问题，必须进一步完善要素市场制度和规则，畅通生产要素流通渠道，培育全国一体化技术和数据市场，完善主要由市场供求关系决定要素价格机制，提高资源和要素配置效率，充分释放各类市场潜力，激活经济发展新动能。对于特殊领域和战略资源，如国防建设，要发挥政府的决定性作用。习近平总书记指出，“一些带有战略性的能源资源，政府要牢牢掌控，但可以通过市场机制去做”。

Properly handle the relationship between government investment and social investment. Government investment and social investment are important components of China’s complete domestic demand system. It is necessary to form different functional orientations for government investment and social investment. Establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of major projects that are foundational, public welfare-oriented, and long-term; create a favorable environment for social investment, stimulate the vitality of social capital investment, and form an endogenous growth mechanism for effective investment led by the market. Strengthen the correlation between government investment and social investment, improve the institutional mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, and better leverage the leveraging capacity, multiplier effect, and foundational role of government investment. Improve the institutional mechanism for modern infrastructure construction, promote the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, build and operate national data infrastructure, build safe and efficient financial infrastructure, further open up major national research infrastructure to private enterprises, and fully leverage the role of new-type infrastructure construction investment in expanding domestic demand in the short term and promoting structural upgrading in the long term, achieving an effective unification of supply-side structural reform and demand-side management.

处理好政府投资和社会投资的关系。政府投资、社会投资是我国完整内需体系的重要组成部分。要形成政府投资和社会投资的不同功能定位。建立政府投资支持基础性、公益性、长远性重大项目建设长效机制；为社会投资营造良好环境，激发社会资本投资活力，形成市场主导的有效投资内生增长机制。强化政府投资和社会投资关联性，健全政府投资有效带动社会投资体制机制，更好发挥政府投资的撬动能力、乘数效应和基础作用。健全现代化基础设施建设体制机制，推进传统基础设施数字化改造，建设和运营国家数据基础设施，建设安全高效的金融基础设施，向民营企业进一步开放国家重大科研基础设施，充分发挥新型基础设施建设投资短期扩大内需、长期推动结构升级作用，实现供给侧结构性改革与需求侧管理的有效统一。

Create a fair and vibrant market environment, cultivate and develop new quality productive forces. Developing new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting high-quality development. It is necessary to improve relevant rules and policies, and accelerate the formation of relations of production that are more compatible with new quality productive forces. Promote the innovative development of the platform economy, improve the regular regulatory system for the platform economy; establish an efficient, convenient, and secure mechanism for cross-border data flow; improve the market access system, optimize the market access environment for new business forms and new fields; lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with the improvement of national standards; strengthen the construction of the national technology transfer system, increase government procurement of independently innovative products; strengthen financial support for major national scientific and technological tasks and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, improve support policies for long-term capital to invest early, invest small, invest long-term, and invest in hard technology; improve the statistical indicator accounting system supporting high-quality development, strengthen the coverage of new economies and new fields. Study tax systems compatible with new business forms, improve support mechanisms for key areas and key links; innovatively develop digital trade, promote the construction of comprehensive pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce; strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging fields, and foreign-related fields. It is necessary to clarify the main direction of attack and core technological breakthroughs, accelerate the layout of key core technology research projects, cultivate and strengthen leading technology enterprises, support enterprises in taking the lead or participating in national science and technology research tasks, accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, and coordinate the construction of various innovation platforms, talent platforms, and funding platforms. It is necessary to improve the institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to promote original innovation, establish a growth mechanism for investment in future industries, improve the coordination mechanism for major infrastructure construction, strengthen the independent guarantee of basic conditions for science and technology, and improve the basic research investment mechanism combining competitive support and stable support.

创造公平活力的市场环境，培育和发展新质生产力。发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。要健全相关规则和政策，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系。促进平台经济创新发展，健全平台经济常态化监管制度；建立高效便利安全的数据跨境流动机制；完善市场准入制度，优化新业态新领域市场准入环境；以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级；加强国家技术转移体系建设，加大政府采购自主创新产品力度；加强对国家重大科技任务和科技型中小企业的金融支持，完善长期资本投早、投小、投长期、投硬科技的支持政策；健全支撑高质量发展的统计指标核算体系，加强新经济新领域纳统覆盖。研究同新业态相适应的税收制度，完善对重点领域和关键环节支持机制；创新发展数字贸易，推进跨境电商综合试验区建设；加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法。要明确主攻方向和核心技术突破口，加快布局关键核心技术攻关项目，培育壮大科技领军企业，支持企业主动牵头或参与国家科技攻关任务，加快建设国家战略人才力量，统筹各类创新平台、人才平台、资金平台建设。要健全国有企业推进原始创新制度安排，建立未来产业投入增长机制，健全重大基础设施建设协调机制，加强科技基础条件自主保障，完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制。

Strengthen the deep integration of major national strategies and promote the coordinated force of macro policies. National strategic planning and macro policies are the main means for the government to play its role and guide market development. Only by enhancing the consistency of macro-policy orientation can we better form the synergy of national strategies and the centripetal force of macro policies. It is necessary to improve the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanism, enhance the macro-guidance and overall coordination functions of national strategies, and give play to the guiding, foundational, and supporting roles of planning. Centering on the implementation of national development plans and major strategies, it is necessary to improve the macro-policy system of fiscal, monetary, industrial, price, and employment policies, enhance the coordination between economic policies and non-economic policies, optimize the allocation of various incremental resources, promote the adjustment of stock structures, promote the concentration of various advanced production factors towards the development of new quality productive forces, and coordinate and strengthen research on key core technologies. It is necessary to do our best within the limits of our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, optimize the income distribution structure, improve the social security system, improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and full employment, and promote high-quality population development.

加强国家重大战略深度融合、促进宏观政策协同发力。国家战略规划和宏观政策是发挥政府作用、引导市场发展的主要手段。增强宏观政策取向一致性才能更好形成国家战略合力和宏观政策向心力。要完善国家战略规划体系和政策统筹协调机制，增强国家战略宏观引导、统筹协调功能，发挥规划的导向作用、基础作用和支撑作用。要围绕实施国家发展规划、重大战略，完善财政、货币、产业、价格、就业等宏观政策体系，增强经济政策与非经济政策协调性，优化各类增量资源配置，推进存量结构调整，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，统筹强化关键核心技术攻关。要坚持尽力而为、量力而行，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，优化收入分配结构，健全社会保障体系，健全高质量充分就业促进机制，促进人口高质量发展。

Online Editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗