Deng Xiaoping’s Contribution to the Exploration of the “Two Integrations” and Its Profound Implications

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, as the core of the Party’s second generation of central collective leadership, Deng Xiaoping emancipated the mind, sought truth from facts, led the entire Party to deeply summarize the positive and negative experiences since the founding of New China, closely focused on building socialism with Chinese characteristics to deeply explore the “Two Integrations,” continuously advanced theoretical innovation, promoted a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, successfully opened up a new situation in socialist modernization, and firmly defended the glorious banner of socialism. Reviewing, studying, and profoundly understanding Deng Xiaoping’s contribution to and implications of exploring the “Two Integrations” is of great significance for us to continue to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new conditions of the times and to continuously open up new horizons in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

党的十一届三中全会以后，作为党的第二代中央领导集体的核心，邓小平解放思想，实事求是，领导全党深刻总结新中国成立以来正反两方面经验，紧紧围绕建设中国特色社会主义深入探索“两个结合”，不断推进理论创新，推动实现了马克思主义中国化新的飞跃，成功开辟了社会主义现代化建设新局面，坚定捍卫了光辉的社会主义旗帜。回顾学习和深刻领悟邓小平探索“两个结合”的贡献与启示，对我们在新的时代条件下继续坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，不断开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界，具有十分重要的意义。

I. Advancing Socialist Modernization Must Uphold the “Two Integrations”

一、推进社会主义现代化建设必须坚持“两个结合”

In the historical process of leading the great cause of China’s socialist modernization, Deng Xiaoping mostly emphasized integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and did not explicitly propose integrating the basic principles of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture, i.e., the “Second Integration.” However, this by no means implies that Deng Xiaoping did not attach importance to exploring the “Second Integration”; on the contrary, the “Second Integration” was also an inherent part of his advancement of the great cause of China’s socialist modernization and his theoretical innovation and creation. This is because, on the one hand, “China’s specific realities” in Deng Xiaoping’s view undoubtedly also included the best of traditional Chinese culture. It was precisely on this basis that Deng Xiaoping repeatedly emphasized, “It is very important to understand one’s own history.” On the other hand, there is no doubt that Deng Xiaoping also made significant contributions in the “Second Integration.” He believed that advancing China’s socialist modernization must emphasize the “Two Integrations,” mainly for the following four reasons.

在领导推进中国社会主义现代化建设伟大事业的历史进程中，邓小平大多强调把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，并未明确提出把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，即“第二个结合”。但是，这丝毫不意味着邓小平不重视探索“第二个结合”，恰恰相反，“第二个结合”也是他推进中国社会主义现代化建设伟大事业、进行理论创新创造的题中应有之义。这是因为，一方面，“中国的具体实际”在邓小平那里无疑也包括中华优秀传统文化。正是基于此，邓小平一再强调，“了解自己的历史很重要”。另一方面，毋庸置疑邓小平在“第二个结合”方面也作出了重大的贡献。他认为，推进中国社会主义现代化建设必须强调“两个结合”，原因主要有以下四点。

First, integrating the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution to guide the reality of our country’s revolution and construction is a basic conclusion drawn by our Party from profoundly summarizing the experiences and lessons of the New Democratic Revolution, and it is also a principle established by the Seventh National Congress of the CPC. It was precisely because our Party achieved this integration through arduous exploration that the Chinese revolutionary cause achieved victory; similarly, in China’s construction cause, it is also necessary to adhere to taking our own path and achieve a new integration of Marxism with the reality of China’s socialist construction. It was precisely for this reason that Deng Xiaoping repeatedly emphasized: “Our principle is to integrate Marxism with China’s practice and take our own path; we call it building socialism with Chinese characteristics.”

第一，把马克思列宁主义的普遍真理与中国革命的具体实践相结合，以此来指导我国的革命和建设的实际，是我们党深刻总结新民主主义革命的经验教训而得出的基本结论，也是中国共产党第七次全国代表大会确定的原则。正是由于我们党在艰辛的探索中实现了这个结合，中国的革命事业才取得了胜利；同样，在中国的建设事业中也必须坚持走自己的路，实现马克思主义与中国社会主义建设实际的新的结合。正是基于这一原因，邓小平反复强调：“我们的原则是把马克思主义同中国的实践相结合，走中国自己的道路，我们叫建设有中国特色的社会主义。”

Second, the application of the principle of integrating the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism with China’s specific realities will encounter many specific problems, and “this is a problem that needs to be constantly resolved.” Among the many specific problems to be resolved during the period of socialist modernization, in Deng Xiaoping’s view, the most important was, of course, to continue exploring the correct path for China’s socialist construction and “to blaze a Chinese-style path to modernization.” As he pointed out, “Integrate the universal truth of Marxism with China’s specific realities, take our own path, and build socialism with Chinese characteristics.” “In the past, when carrying out the democratic revolution, we had to suit China’s conditions and take the path of encircling the cities from the countryside, which Comrade Mao Zedong pioneered. Now, when engaging in construction, we must also suit China’s conditions and blaze a Chinese-style path to modernization.”

第二，把马克思列宁主义的普遍真理与中国具体实际相结合原则的运用会遇到许多具体问题，“这是一个需要不断解决的问题”。社会主义现代化建设时期要解决的许多具体问题，在邓小平看来，最重要的当然是继续探索中国建设社会主义的正确道路，“走出一条中国式的现代化道路”。正如他指出的，“把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义”，“过去搞民主革命，要适合中国情况，走毛泽东同志开辟的农村包围城市的道路。现在搞建设，也要适合中国情况，走出一条中国式的现代化道路”。

Third, advancing socialist modernization and striving to turn China into a modern socialist country is a new undertaking. It cannot be found in Marx’s books, nor in Lenin’s books; it can only be explored in practice based on our own situation. As Deng Xiaoping profoundly pointed out: “The undertaking we are now engaged in is a new one. Marx did not talk about it, our predecessors did not do it, and other socialist countries have not done it either. Therefore, there is no ready-made experience to learn from. We can only learn by doing and explore in practice.” According to historical materialism, we must never demand that our predecessors solve problems that did not arise in their era, nor can we require the proletarian mentors Marx, Engels, and Lenin to provide ready-made answers to problems that emerged decades or even a century after their deaths. These new problems emerging in reality need to be independently resolved by contemporary Marxists based on the new characteristics and new circumstances of the current era.

第三，推进社会主义现代化建设，努力把中国变成一个现代化的社会主义国家，是一项新事业，马克思的本本上找不出来，列宁的本本上也找不出来，只能根据自己的情况在实践中摸索。正如邓小平深刻指出的：“我们现在所干的事业是一项新事业，马克思没有讲过，我们的前人没有做过，其他社会主义国家也没有干过，所以，没有现成的经验可学。我们只能在干中学，在实践中摸索。”根据唯物史观，绝不能苛求前人去解决在他那个时代还没有出现的问题，不能要求无产阶级的导师马克思、恩格斯和列宁为他们逝世几十年甚至上百年后产生的问题提供现成的答案。这些现实中涌现出的新问题需要当代马克思主义者根据当今时代新特点和新情况独立地加以解决。

Fourth, the historical lesson that China’s past blind copying of the Soviet socialist model brought many problems shows that socialist construction cannot blindly imitate any country’s model; it must be independently explored by the communists of each country based on their own actual conditions and national characteristics. Otherwise, setbacks and failures will occur. In view of the historical lesson that “problems in the world cannot all be solved by one model,” Deng Xiaoping emphasized that in building socialism in China, it is necessary to “firmly grasp the point of conforming to one’s own actual situation,” to explore and create “China’s own model.” He also profoundly pointed out: “Every country has its own situation, and each has its own experiences, so we must think independently.”

第四，中国过去照搬苏联社会主义模式带来很多问题的历史教训表明，社会主义建设不能盲目模仿任何国家的模式，必须由各国共产党人根据本国的实际情况和民族特点独立地探索，否则，就会遭受挫折和失败。鉴于“世界上的问题不可能都用一个模式解决”的历史教训，邓小平强调，在中国建设社会主义，必须“紧紧抓住合乎自己的实际情况这一条”，摸索和创造“中国自己的模式”。他还深刻指出：“每个国家都有自己的情况，各自的经历也不同，所以要独立思考。”

II. Deng Xiaoping’s In-depth Exploration of the “Two Integrations”

二、邓小平对“两个结合”的深入探索

In Deng Xiaoping’s view, how to correctly understand the universal truth of Marxism is one aspect; how to correctly integrate it with the country’s actual conditions is another aspect. He always emphasized that “neglecting either aspect will not do.” Focusing on providing theoretical guidance for “cutting a bloody path” [1]1 “Cutting a bloody path” (杀出一条血路) is a phrase used by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to describe the determination to break through obstacles and pioneer reform and opening up, often associated with the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone., Deng Xiaoping conducted in-depth thinking and systematic exposition on advancing the “Two Integrations,” especially the “First Integration,” during the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. The main points are as follows.

在邓小平看来，如何正确认识马克思主义的普遍真理是一个方面，如何使之正确地结合本国实际是另一个方面。他历来强调，“丢开任何一面都不行”。着眼于为“杀出一条血路”提供理论指引，邓小平对改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期推进“两个结合”尤其是“第一个结合”进行了深入思考和系统阐释，主要有这样几点内容。

1. Adhere to the Universal Truth and Basic Principles of Marxism

1.要坚持马克思主义的普遍真理、基本原理

Regarding what constitutes the universal truth of Marxism, Deng Xiaoping pointed out, “It is to eliminate feudalism and capitalism, realize socialism, and eventually realize communism.” He believed that “what socialism is and what Marxism is, we did not fully understand in the past.” In his view, communism is another name for Marxism; it is both the ideal and belief of communists and their highest goal of struggle. To ultimately realize communism, it requires successive generations of communists to continue their struggle in different periods and complete the tasks of each stage of socialism. However, the fundamental task of each stage is to promote the development of productive forces, create a higher labor productivity than capitalism, demonstrate the superiority of the socialist system, and lay the material foundation for realizing communism.

关于什么是马克思主义的普遍真理，邓小平指出，“就是消灭封建主义、资本主义，实现社会主义，将来还要实现共产主义”。他认为，“社会主义是什么，马克思主义是什么，过去我们并没有完全搞清楚”。在他看来，共产主义就是马克思主义的别称，它既是共产党人的理想信念所在，也是共产党人的最高奋斗目标。为了最终实现共产主义，需要一代代共产党人在不同时期接续奋斗，完成社会主义各个阶段的任务，但各个阶段的根本任务都在于促进生产力的发展，创造出比资本主义更高的劳动生产率，展现社会主义制度的优越性，为实现共产主义奠定物质基础。

Regarding what constitutes the basic principles of Marxism, Deng Xiaoping emphasized: “What we adhere to and take as our guide for action are the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, or the scientific system constituted by these basic principles. As for individual theses, Marx, Lenin, and Comrade Mao Zedong all inevitably had this or that error. But these do not belong to the scientific system constituted by the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.”

关于什么是马克思主义的基本原理，邓小平强调：“我们坚持的和要当作行动指南的是马列主义、毛泽东思想的基本原理，或者说是由这些基本原理构成的科学体系。至于个别的论断，那末，无论马克思、列宁和毛泽东同志，都不免有这样那样的失误。但是这些都不属于马列主义、毛泽东思想的基本原理所构成的科学体系。”

Although Deng Xiaoping did not provide a specialized, systematic summary of the basic principles of Marxism, through his extensive discussions of “the universal truth of Marxism,” “the universal principles of Marxism,” “the fundamental principles of socialism,” and “the essence of Marxism,” it is not difficult to discover that his views on the basic principles of Marxism include at least the following points. First, what he called “the essence of Marxism”—“seeking truth from facts”—and “the living soul of Marxism”—“concrete analysis of concrete conditions.” He profoundly pointed out, “Seeking truth from facts is the foundation of the proletarian world outlook and the ideological foundation of Marxism.” Second, what he called the “general principles” of the “Four Cardinal Principles,” namely, “upholding the socialist path, upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship, upholding the leadership of the Communist Party, and upholding Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.” He profoundly pointed out, “We must repeatedly stress the need to uphold these Four Cardinal Principles, because certain people (even if only a very small minority) attempt to undermine these basic principles. This is absolutely impermissible.” “If any one of these Four Cardinal Principles is shaken, the entire socialist cause and the entire modernization drive will be shaken.” Third, what he called the “principles of socialism”—“developing the productive forces,” “achieving common prosperity,” “public ownership playing the dominant role,” and “distribution according to work.” [2]2 The “Four Cardinal Principles” (四项基本原则) were articulated by Deng Xiaoping in March 1979 as the political foundation for reform and opening up.

虽然邓小平对马克思主义的基本原理并没有作专门的系统概括，但是，透过他大量关于“马克思主义的普遍真理”“马克思主义的普遍原则”“社会主义的根本原则”“马克思主义的精髓”等的论述，我们不难发现，他关于马克思主义基本原理的观点至少包括这样几点。一是被他称作“马克思主义的精髓”的“实事求是”、“马克思主义的活的灵魂”的“具体地分析具体情况”。他深刻指出，“实事求是，是无产阶级世界观的基础，是马克思主义的思想基础”。二是被他称作“总的原则”的“四项基本原则”，即“坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义、毛泽东思想”。他深刻指出：“必须反复强调坚持这四项基本原则，因为某些人（哪怕只是极少数人）企图动摇这些基本原则。这是决不许可的。”“如果动摇了这四项基本原则中的任何一项，那就动摇了整个社会主义事业，整个现代化建设事业。”三是被他称作“社会主义原则”的“发展生产”“共同致富”“公有制占主体”、“按劳分配”等。

2. It must be integrated with China’s actual conditions

2.要结合中国的实际

What is meant by integration with China’s actual conditions? In Deng Xiaoping’s view, it certainly refers to “applying the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought to study new situations and solve new problems.” As he said, “We must never violate the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought at any time; this is beyond doubt. But they must be integrated with actual conditions; we must analyze and study actual situations and solve practical problems.” He even said, “Only Marxism that is integrated with China’s actual conditions is the genuine Marxism we need,” and “Discussing Marxism in isolation from one’s own country’s actual conditions is meaningless.” He emphasized that “if one mechanically copies foreign things, departing from one’s own national characteristics,” the universal truth of Marxism cannot play its due role. He also profoundly pointed out, “Even if the formula you use is Marxist, if it is not integrated with the actual conditions of different countries, it is hard to avoid making mistakes.”

所谓结合中国的实际，在邓小平那里，当然就是指“运用马列主义、毛泽东思想的基本原理，研究新情况，解决新问题”。正如他所说：“马列主义、毛泽东思想的基本原则，我们任何时候都不能违背，这是毫无疑义的。但是，一定要和实际相结合，要分析研究实际情况，解决实际问题。”他甚至还说，“只有结合中国实际的马克思主义，才是我们所需要的真正的马克思主义”,“离开自己国家的实际谈马克思主义，没有意义”。他强调，“离开本国的特点去硬搬外国的东西”，马克思主义的普遍真理就不能发挥自己应有的作用。他还深刻指出：“就算你用的公式是马克思主义的，不同各国的实际相结合，也难免犯错误。”

What were the most important new situations and new problems in the new period of socialist modernization? “Of course, it is the realization of the four modernizations,” or, “the realization of Chinese-style modernization.” For China to realize the “four modernizations,” at least two characteristics had to be considered: first, a weak foundation, mainly manifested in the fact that “China is still one of the very poor countries in the world. China’s scientific and technological strength is very insufficient, and its overall scientific and technological level lags two or three decades behind the world’s advanced countries.” Second, a large population and limited arable land, mainly manifested in the fact that “the national population exceeds 900 million, of which 80 percent are peasants,” and “the land area is vast, but arable land is very scarce.” He pointed out, “The situation of scarce arable land, a large population, and especially a large peasant population is not easy to change.” He also used the judgment that “China is a big country, yet also a small country” to summarize these two characteristics. In his view, “A big country means a large population and a vast land area. A small country means that China is still a developing country and is still relatively poor.” Based on these two important characteristics of China’s national conditions, Deng Xiaoping proposed that China is in the primary stage of socialism, which is the starting point for all our work. In addition to the above two important characteristics, Deng Xiaoping also emphasized the need to accurately grasp the actual situation in China’s cultural sphere. In his view, the actual situation in China’s cultural sphere includes the following aspects: First, China has a long history; “our ancient times once created brilliant achievements.” For several thousand years, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups “have worked hard, overcome all obstacles, and written one glorious chapter after another in our history.” Second, the Chinese people have a tradition of patriotism. “The Chinese people have their own national pride and self-respect. They regard loving the motherland and contributing all their strength to building a socialist motherland as the greatest honor, and harming the interests, dignity, and honor of the socialist motherland as the greatest disgrace.” Third, China is still influenced by remnants of feudal ideology, or “poisonous influences.” Deng Xiaoping summarized the influence of remnants of feudal ideology as follows: the patriarchal concepts, hierarchical concepts, and autocratic style in feudal political culture; the failure to recognize the great importance of science and education; the closed-door policy and arrogant self-complacency in foreign relations; and the slavish mentality formed under the conditions of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Fourth, China had already begun to be influenced by bourgeois and petty-bourgeois ideology. Deng Xiaoping profoundly analyzed that after reform and opening up, due to increased foreign exchanges, decadent bourgeois ideas and unhealthy practices had already affected the country, giving rise to a mentality and phenomena of worshipping foreign things and fawning on foreigners; this problem must be seriously addressed.

什么是社会主义现代化建设新时期最重要的新情况新问题呢？“当然就是实现四个现代化”，或者说是“实现中国式的现代化”。中国要实现“四个现代化”，至少要考虑两个特点：第一是底子薄，主要表现是“现在中国仍然是世界上很贫穷的国家之一。中国的科学技术力量很不足，科学技术水平从总体上看要比世界先进国家落后二三十年”。第二是人口多、耕地少，主要表现是“全国人口有九亿多，其中百分之八十是农民”，“土地面积广大，但是耕地很少”。他指出，“耕地少，人口多特别是农民多，这种情况不是很容易改变的”。他还用“中国是个大国，又是个小国”这样的论断来概括上述两个特点。在他那里，“所谓大国就是人多，土地面积大。所谓小国就是中国还是发展中国家，还比较穷”。根据我国国情的这两个重要特点，邓小平提出，中国处在社会主义的初级阶段，这是我们一切工作的出发点。除了上述两个重要特点，邓小平还强调准确把握我国文化方面的实际情况。在他看来，我国文化方面的实际情况有这样几个方面：一是我国历史悠久，“我国古代曾经创造过辉煌的成就”。几千年以来，中国各族人民“艰苦奋斗，排除一切阻力，一次又一次地写下了我国历史上光辉灿烂的篇章”。二是中国人民具有爱国主义传统。“中国人民有自己的民族自尊心和自豪感，以热爱祖国、贡献全部力量建设社会主义祖国为最大光荣，以损害社会主义祖国利益、尊严和荣誉为最大耻辱。”三是我国还受到封建主义残余思想或者说“遗毒”的影响。对于封建主义残余思想的影响，邓小平把它们归纳为：封建政治文化中的宗法观念、等级观念和专制主义作风，不承认科学和教育的极大重要性，对外关系中的闭关锁国、夜郎自大，半殖民地半封建社会条件下形成的奴化思想。四是我国已经开始受到资产阶级和小资产阶级思想的影响。邓小平深刻分析了改革开放之后，由于对外交往的增加，资产阶级的腐朽思想和不良作风已经影响到了国内，从而滋生出崇洋媚外的心理和现象，这个问题必须认真解决。

How should one correctly approach this actual situation in China’s cultural sphere? Deng Xiaoping provided an in-depth answer. First, regarding “things belonging to the cultural sphere,” including traditional Chinese culture, “one must use Marxism to analyze, distinguish, and criticize their ideological content and methods of expression,” and “all progressive and excellent things among them should be learned from and used for reference.” The guiding role of Marxism must be upheld; “our construction of ideals, morality, culture, and concepts of democracy and the legal system cannot be separated from the guidance of Marxism, nor from the theoretical construction of Marxism.” Second, “one must understand some Chinese history; this is a spiritual driving force for China’s development.” The Chinese nation is a great nation; it only fell behind in modern times. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people overthrew the oppression of the three big mountains [3]3 The “three big mountains” (三座大山) is a standard Mao-era metaphor for imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, which the CPC claimed to have overthrown in 1949. and won independence and liberation. We should be proud of this, cherish our national independence, enhance national self-respect and self-confidence, actively and diligently build socialism, and absolutely not allow ourselves to be corroded by decadent bourgeois ideology, abandoning the spirit of patriotism and socialist conviction. Deng Xiaoping emphasized: “We must never allow our learning of certain technologies and certain management experiences from capitalist societies to turn into worshipping capitalist foreign countries, being corroded by capitalism, and losing the national pride and self-confidence of socialist China.” Finally, implementing the policy of “letting a hundred flowers bloom, letting a hundred schools of thought contend” [4]4 “Letting a hundred flowers bloom, letting a hundred schools of thought contend” (百花齐放、百家争鸣) is a policy for promoting intellectual and cultural debate, first proposed by Mao Zedong in 1956. “has a profound impact on our country, great benefits for our Party, and great benefits for the development of Marxism-Leninism”; otherwise, “thought will become rigid, and Marxism will decline.”

应该如何正确对待我国文化方面的这种实际状况呢？邓小平对此作出了深入的回答。首先，对包括中华传统文化在内的“属于文化领域的东西”，“一定要用马克思主义对它们的思想内容和表现方法进行分析、鉴别和批判”，对其中“一切进步的和优秀的东西，都应当借鉴和学习”。必须坚持马克思主义的指导地位，“我们的理想建设、道德建设、文化建设、民主法制观念建设，都离不开马克思主义的指导，离不开马克思主义的理论建设”。其次，一定“要懂得些中国历史，这是中国发展的一个精神动力”。中华民族是一个伟大的民族，只是在近代以来落后了，在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民推翻了三座大山的压迫，赢得了独立和解放，我们要为此感到自豪，珍惜我们民族的独立，增强民族自尊心和自信心，积极努力地建设社会主义，绝不能被资产阶级的腐朽思想侵蚀，抛弃爱国主义精神和社会主义信念。邓小平强调：“绝不允许把我们学习资本主义社会的某些技术和某些管理的经验，变成了崇拜资本主义外国，受资本主义腐蚀，丧失社会主义中国的民族自豪感和民族自信心。”最后，贯彻“百花齐放、百家争鸣”的方针“对我们国家有深远的影响，对我们党有极大的好处，对发展马克思列宁主义有很大的好处”，否则“思想要僵死起来，马克思主义要衰退”。

3. It is necessary to deeply draw lessons from historical experience and carry forward the Party’s fine traditions

3.要深刻汲取历史的经验教训，发扬党的优良传统

The correct path of the Chinese revolution was explored by the Communist Party of China only after committing many errors and taking many detours; the successful initiation of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context was also achieved only through a profound summation of positive and negative experiences and lessons. Precisely because our Party had committed subjectivist errors on this issue and suffered many losses, Deng Xiaoping emphasized the need to “consistently grasp the opposition to subjectivism.” He also analyzed two forms of subjectivism: first, dogmatism, which belittles practice and does not understand concrete analysis of concrete conditions; second, empiricism, which belittles theory and clings to one-sided experience. He clearly stated that both must be opposed. In his view, “continuously overcoming subjectivism, bureaucratism, and sectarianism within our own ranks, especially dogmatism,” “the key lies in whether the Party can rely on the masses.” Furthermore, given that in the past “insufficient adherence to the Party’s fine traditions, especially the neglect of and damage to the traditions of seeking truth from facts, the mass line, and democratic centralism, brought great harm to our work,” he emphasized that the Party’s traditional experience is very valuable, “and it must be restored, doing meticulous and painstaking work bit by bit. All the good things in the traditional style and methods of work from the past must be restored.”

中国革命的正确道路是中国共产党在犯了许多错误、走了许多弯路的基础上才探索出来的，马克思主义中国化的成功开创也是在对正反两方面的经验教训的深刻总结中才实现的。正是由于在这个问题上我们党犯过主观主义错误，吃过许多亏，邓小平才强调，要“一直抓住反对主观主义这一条”。他还分析了主观主义的两种表现形式，一是轻视实践，不懂得具体问题具体分析的教条主义，二是轻视理论，拘守于片面经验的经验主义，明确表示这两者都要反对。在他看来，“不断地克服自己队伍中的主观主义、官僚主义和宗派主义，特别是教条主义”，“关键在于党能否依靠群众”。此外，鉴于过去“对党的优良传统坚持不够，特别是对于实事求是的传统、群众路线的传统、民主集中制的传统这三个方面的忽视和损伤，给我们的工作带来了很大的危害”，他强调党的传统经验是很宝贵的，“要把它恢复起来，好好地做深入细致的一点一滴的工作。过去传统的作风、做法，凡是好的东西都要恢复起来”。

4. It is necessary to criticize “Left” and Right erroneous ideas, and resolutely eliminate the influence of feudal and bourgeois ideology

4.要批判“左”的、右的错误思想，坚决肃清封建主义和资产阶级思想的影响

Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out: “The Third Plenary Session [5]5 Deng Xiaoping, “Reform of the Leadership System of the Party and the State,” Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. (Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994), p. 337. proposed emancipating the mind, targeting the ‘two whatevers’ [6]6 Deng Xiaoping, “Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles,” Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. (Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994), p. 368., with the focus on correcting ‘Left’ errors. Later, a Right-leaning tendency emerged, which of course also had to be corrected.” He also unequivocally called for eliminating the influence of feudal remnants, stressing on the one hand the need to draw a clear line between socialism and feudalism, and on the other hand to distinguish between the democratic essence and the feudal dross within traditional culture. He emphasized combining the work of eliminating the influence of feudal remnants with the critique of bourgeois ideas of harming others for personal gain, mercenary motives, and other corrupting thoughts, and opposed bourgeois liberalization while criticizing bourgeois decadent ideas and extreme individualist trends. He pointed out, “We must never slacken or neglect the critique of bourgeois and petty-bourgeois ideas.” Of course, he also did not forget to note, “What exactly in bourgeois ideas needs resolute criticism and prevention from spreading, what capitalist tendencies in economic life need resolute overcoming and resistance, and how to conduct criticism correctly—these still require further study.”

邓小平明确指出：“三中全会提出解放思想，是针对‘两个凡是’的，重点是纠正‘左’的错误。后来又出现右的倾向，那当然也要纠正。”他还旗帜鲜明地提出肃清封建主义残余的影响，一方面要划清社会主义同封建主义的界限，另一方面也要划清传统文化中民主性精华与封建性糟粕之间的界限，并强调把肃清封建主义残余影响的工作，同对资产阶级损人利己、唯利是图思想和其他腐化思想的批判结合起来，要反对资产阶级自由化，批判资产阶级的腐朽思想和极端个人主义思潮。他指出，“决不能丝毫放松和忽视对资产阶级思想和小资产阶级思想的批判”。当然，他也不忘指出，“什么是资产阶级思想中需要坚决批判和防止蔓延的东西，什么是经济生活中需要坚决克服和抵制的资本主义倾向，如何正确地进行批判，还有必要继续进行研究”。

III. The Great Achievements of Deng Xiaoping’s Exploration of the “Two Integrations”

三、邓小平探索“两个结合”取得的伟大成就

The great achievements of Deng Xiaoping’s exploration of the “Two Integrations” are mainly reflected in the following aspects.

邓小平探索“两个结合”取得的伟大成就主要有以下几个方面。

1. The Establishment of Deng Xiaoping Theory

1.创立了邓小平理论

In the historical process of advancing the “Two Integrations,” Deng Xiaoping firmly grasped the fundamental question of “what is socialism and how to build socialism,” profoundly revealed the essence of socialism, and for the first time systematically answered a series of basic questions concerning China’s socialist construction, thereby establishing Deng Xiaoping Theory. Deng Xiaoping Theory, with new ideas and viewpoints, inherited and developed Marxism, opened up a new realm of Marxism, and raised the understanding of socialism to a new scientific level. It is “a Sinicized Marxism that embodies both the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and the excellent ideas of the Chinese nation as well as the practical experience of the Chinese Communists,” and “an important milestone in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.”

邓小平在推进“两个结合”的历史进程中，紧紧抓住“什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义”这个根本问题，深刻揭示了社会主义的本质，第一次比较系统地回答了关于中国社会主义建设的一系列基本问题，创立了邓小平理论。邓小平理论用新的思想观点，继承和发展了马克思主义，开拓了马克思主义新境界，把对社会主义的认识提高到新的科学水平，“是中国化了的马克思主义，既体现了马克思列宁主义的基本原理，又包含了中华民族的优秀思想和中国共产党人的实践经验”，“是马克思主义中国化时代化的重要里程碑”。

Since reform and opening up, the series of remarkable achievements in China’s socialist modernization have fundamentally relied on the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory. Practice has proven that Deng Xiaoping Theory is the correct theory guiding China’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization. “Establishing Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guiding ideology of the Party and the state is an unshakable conclusion drawn by the Party and the people from history and reality.”

改革开放以来，我国社会主义现代化建设所取得的一系列举世瞩目的伟大成就，从根本上说，靠的就是邓小平理论的指导。实践证明，邓小平理论是指导中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的正确理论。“把邓小平理论确立为党和国家的指导思想，是党和人民从历史和现实中得出的不可动摇的结论。”

2. The Scientific Formulation of the Party’s Basic Line for the Primary Stage of Socialism

2.科学制定了党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线

Starting from the reality of the primary stage of socialism, Deng Xiaoping led our Party in formulating the basic line for this stage, namely, “one central task and two basic points.” [7]7 The second centenary goal refers to the goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, the centenary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Specifically, it means leading and uniting the people of all ethnic groups across the country, focusing on economic construction, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles, [8]8 This is a line from the poem “Bamboo in the Rock” by the Qing dynasty painter and poet Zheng Xie (Zheng Banqiao), often used to express steadfastness and resilience in the face of adversity. persisting in reform and opening up, working self-reliantly and hard, and striving to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, and culturally advanced modern socialist country.

邓小平从社会主义初级阶段的实际出发，领导我们党制定了社会主义初级阶段的基本路线，即“一个中心、两个基本点”。具体而言，就是领导和团结全国各族人民，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，自力更生，艰苦创业，为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗。

Since reform and opening up, China’s socialist construction has flourished, testing and demonstrating the truth of the Party’s basic line for the primary stage of socialism with irrefutable facts. This forcefully confirms and eloquently explains that this basic line suits China’s basic national conditions, is conducive to the rapid development of productive forces and the improvement of people’s living standards, conforms to the objective laws of China’s socialist modernization, and needs to be adhered to for a long time. As Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “The basic line must be upheld for a hundred years, without wavering. Only by adhering to this line will the people trust and support you.” General Secretary Xi Jinping also emphasized: “The Party’s basic line is the lifeline of the

改革开放以来我国社会主义建设事业欣欣向荣，以无可辩驳的事实检验和展现了党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线的真理性，有力印证和雄辩说明了这条基本路线适应中国的基本国情，有利于生产力快速发展和提高人民生活水平，符合我国社会主义现代化建设的客观规律，需要长期坚持。正如邓小平指出的：“基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。只有坚持这条路线，人民才会相信你，拥护你。”习近平总书记也强调：“党的基本路线是国家的生命线、人民的幸福线，我们要坚持把以经济建设为中心作为兴国之要、把四项基本原则作为立国之本、把改革开放作为强国之路，不能有丝毫动摇。”

3. Successfully Blazed a New Path of Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

3.成功走出了一条建设中国特色社会主义的新道路

Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, our Party, on the basis of the revolutionary and construction practices since the founding of New China, adhered to proceeding from reality in everything, emancipated the mind, sought truth from facts [seeking truth from facts], dared to break through stereotypes and existing models, made the historic decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state to economic development and implement reform and opening up [reform and opening up], and formulated a development strategy of taking three steps to basically achieve socialist modernization by the middle of the 21st century. Our country experienced a great historical process from rural reform to urban reform, from reform of the economic system to reform of systems in all areas, from invigorating the domestic economy to opening up to the outside world, and simultaneously advancing socialist material progress and cultural-ethical progress [cultural-ethical progress], gradually realizing a series of major transformations such as from “taking class struggle [class struggle] as the key link” to taking economic development as the central task, from a closed or semi-closed state to reform and opening up, and from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, ushering in “a new situation in which productive forces [productive forces] leaped from relative backwardness to rapid economic development and the people’s living standards crossed from bare subsistence to moderate prosperity in general,” and successfully blazed a new path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

在邓小平理论指引下，我们党在新中国成立以来革命和建设实践的基础上，坚持一切从实际出发，解放思想，实事求是，敢于突破条条框框和现成模式，作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策，制定了到21世纪中叶分三步走、基本实现社会主义现代化的发展战略。我们国家经历了从农村改革到城市改革，从经济体制的改革到各方面体制的改革，从对内搞活到对外开放，社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设一起抓的伟大历史进程，逐步实现了从“以阶级斗争为纲”到以经济建设为中心、从封闭半封闭到改革开放、从计划经济到社会主义市场经济等一系列重大转变，开启了“从生产力相对落后向经济快速发展跃升、人民生活从温饱不足向总体小康跨越的新局面”，成功地走出了一条建设中国特色社会主义的新道路。

Socialism with Chinese characteristics [socialism with Chinese characteristics] is the only correct path that not only possesses an extremely profound historical foundation but also conforms to China’s national conditions, meets the requirements of the times, and has achieved great success. It is the broad avenue for contemporary China to catch up with the times and lead the development of the times, and it is also the only way to achieve socialist modernization and create a better life for the people on the new journey of the New Era [New Era]. Only this path, and no other, can lead to China’s progress, enhance the people’s well-being, and realize national rejuvenation.

中国特色社会主义是一条既具有无比深厚的历史底蕴，又符合中国国情、适合时代发展要求并取得巨大成功的唯一正确道路，是当代中国大踏步赶上时代、引领时代发展的康庄大道，也是新时代新征程实现社会主义现代化、创造人民美好生活的必由之路。只有这条道路而没有别的道路，能够引领中国进步、增进人民福祉、实现民族复兴。

4. Formed a Set of Socialist Systems with Chinese Characteristics

4.形成了一套具有中国特色的社会主义制度

Deng Xiaoping always attached importance to the fundamental role of systems for a political party and a country. In leading and advancing the great practice of reform and opening up, guided by Marxism, he profoundly summarized the experiences and lessons of our Party in system building in the past, vigorously promoted the institutionalization of the Party and the state on the basis of blazing the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and formed a set of socialist systems with Chinese characteristics. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics both adheres to the basic principles of scientific socialism [scientific socialism] and unequivocally upholds the fundamental nature of socialism, and also embodies China’s distinctive characteristics in the political, economic, cultural, and social fields. It is a set of effective and vibrant scientific systems that provide institutional guarantees for China’s socialist modernization.

邓小平历来重视制度对于一个政党、一个国家的根本性作用，在领导和推进改革开放的伟大实践中，他以马克思主义为指导，深刻总结我们党过去在制度建设方面的经验和教训，在开辟中国特色社会主义道路的基础上大力推进党和国家的制度化建设，形成了一套具有中国特色的社会主义制度。中国特色社会主义制度既坚持了科学社会主义的基本原则，旗帜鲜明地坚持社会主义的根本性质，又体现了中国在政治、经济、文化、社会等领域的鲜明特点，是一套行之有效、充满生机活力的科学制度，为我国的社会主义现代化建设提供了制度保障。

It should be pointed out that although the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is not yet perfect, we firmly believe that “our system will be improved day by day; it will absorb the progressive elements that we can absorb from countries around the world and become the best system in the world.” [5]5 Deng Xiaoping, “Reform of the Leadership System of the Party and the State,” Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. (Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994), p. 337.

需要指出，尽管中国特色社会主义制度并非尽善尽美，但是，我们坚信，“我们的制度将一天天完善起来，它将吸收我们可以从世界各国吸收的进步因素，成为世界上最好的制度”。

5. Initiated a New Situation in the Building of Socialist Cultural-Ethical Progress

5.开创了社会主义精神文明建设的新局面

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee [the Third Plenary Session], Deng Xiaoping led our Party in restoring the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, enabling the entire Party and the people of the whole country to gradually break free from rigid concepts and gain a deeper understanding of socialism; China’s democratic and legal system construction advanced steadily and was gradually improved, and the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses to participate in political life increased significantly; mass activities for building cultural-ethical progress were widely carried out, a social trend of respecting knowledge and talent began to take shape, and education, science, and culture flourished day by day; the Party’s fine traditions were carried forward, and the Party’s work style and social atmosphere improved. In particular, the spirit of revolution and desperate struggle, the spirit of strict discipline and self-sacrifice, the spirit of selflessness and putting others before oneself, and the spirit of overwhelming all enemies and all difficulties were greatly promoted, “becoming the main pillar of the cultural-ethical progress of the People’s Republic of China, yearned for by all people in the world who demand revolution and progress, and also envied by many people in the world who are spiritually empty and mentally troubled.” [6]6 Deng Xiaoping, “Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles,” Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Vol. 2, 2nd ed. (Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994), p. 368. This profound change in the mental state of the entire nation created cultural conditions and a social environment conducive to socialist modernization, effectively resisted the decadent ideas of capitalism and feudalism, prevented various dangers of losing direction, and greatly inspired the immense enthusiasm and creative spirit of the people of all ethnic groups across the country. Since reform and opening up, without this profound change in the mental state of the entire nation, it would have been impossible to blaze a good path or accomplish new undertakings.

党的十一届三中全会以来，邓小平领导我们党重新恢复了实事求是的思想路线，使全党和全国人民逐渐突破了僵化的观念，对社会主义有了更深入的认识；我国的民主法制建设稳步推进，逐步健全，广大干部和人民群众参与政治生活的积极性显著提高；群众性的精神文明建设活动广泛展开，尊重知识、尊重人才的社会风尚开始树立，教育科学文化日趋繁荣；党的优良传统在发扬，党风和社会风气在好转。尤其是革命和拼命精神，严守纪律和自我牺牲精神，大公无私和先人后己精神，压倒一切敌人、压倒一切困难的精神得到大大发扬，“成为中华人民共和国的精神文明的主要支柱，为世界上一切要求革命、要求进步的人们所向往，也为世界上许多精神空虚、思想苦闷的人们所羡慕”。全民族精神状态的这种深刻变化，形成了有利于社会主义现代化建设的文化条件和社会环境，有力地抵制了资本主义和封建主义的腐朽思想，也防止了种种迷失方向的危险，极大地振奋起全国各族人民的巨大热情和创造精神。改革开放以来，没有全民族精神状态的这种深刻变化，就走不出一条好路，就干不出新的事业。

IV. Profound Implications of Deng Xiaoping’s Exploration of the “Two Integrations”

四、邓小平探索“两个结合”的深刻启示

Deng Xiaoping’s exploration of the “Two Integrations” and the great achievements he attained provide profound implications in multiple respects for our continued advancement of the “Two Integrations” and the writing of a new chapter in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times on the new journey of the New Era.

邓小平对“两个结合”的探索及取得的伟大成就，对新时代新征程我们继续推进“两个结合”，续写马克思主义中国化时代化新篇章，具有多方面的深刻启示。

1. Marxism must be upheld comprehensively, completely, and scientifically

1.要全面完整科学地坚持马克思主义

Deng Xiaoping absolutely would not tolerate the separation

邓小平绝不容忍把毛泽东思想同马克思主义割裂开来，坚决抵制否定毛泽东和毛泽东思想的错误思潮，严厉批评一些人“口头上拥护马列主义，但是反对马列主义普遍真理与中国革命实践相结合而产生的毛泽东思想”。他旗帜鲜明地指出，“毛泽东思想过去是中国革命的旗帜，今后将永远是中国社会主义事业和反霸权主义事业的旗帜，我们将永远高举毛泽东思想的旗帜前进”。这深刻启示我们，坚持马克思主义基本原理，全面完整科学地坚持马克思主义，绝不能把马克思主义同马克思主义中国化理论割裂开来。也就是说，必须坚持用马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想统一思想、统一行动，并且毫不动摇地长期坚持下去。需要强调的是，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是引领中国、影响世界的当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义。在当代中国，坚持和发展习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，就是真正坚持和发展马克思主义，就是真正坚持和发展科学社会主义。

It must be pointed out that, for Deng Xiaoping, comprehensively, completely, and scientifically upholding Marxism also inherently required accomplishing the socialist Four Modernizations. As he profoundly stated: “What is the main task of our present and for a fairly long historical period to come? In a word, it is to carry out modernization. Whether we can achieve the Four Modernizations determines the destiny of our country and our nation. Under the actual conditions in China, to do a good job of the socialist Four Modernizations is to uphold Marxism and to hold high the great banner of Mao Zedong Thought. If you do not grasp the Four Modernizations and do not proceed from this reality, you are departing from Marxism and engaging in empty talk about Marxism.” This profoundly enlightens us that, on the new journey of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation, continuing to advance the “Two Integrations” must strive to advance Chinese-path modernization. Given that advancing Chinese-path modernization is a long-term task and there are still many things that require us to deepen our understanding, we “must further strengthen theoretical research and practical exploration, so that our understanding, policies, and measures better conform to objective laws, thereby gradually entering the ‘realm of freedom’ in Chinese-path modernization construction.”

需要指出，在邓小平那里，全面完整科学地坚持马克思主义还有一个题中应有之义，就是要搞好社会主义的四个现代化。正如他深刻指出的：“我们当前以及今后相当长一个历史时期的主要任务是什么？一句话，就是搞现代化建设。能否实现四个现代化，决定着我们国家的命运、民族的命运。在中国的现实条件下，搞好社会主义的四个现代化，就是坚持马克思主义，就是高举毛泽东思想伟大旗帜。你不抓住四个现代化，不从这个实际出发，就是脱离马克思主义，就是空谈马克思主义。”这深刻启示我们，在强国建设和民族复兴的新征程上，继续推进“两个结合”必须奋力推进中国式现代化。鉴于推进中国式现代化是一个长期任务，还有许多东西需要我们深化认识，因此，我们“要进一步加强理论研究和实践探索，使我们的认识、政策、举措更加符合客观规律，从而逐步进入中国式现代化建设的‘自由王国’”。

2. It is necessary to firmly grasp the biggest reality, which is the primary stage of socialism.

2.要紧紧抓住社会主义初级阶段这个最大的实际

As is well known, the major strategic judgment that China is in and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism was made by Deng Xiaoping. He said: “Socialism itself is the primary stage of communism, and China is in the primary stage of socialism, the stage of underdevelopment. Everything must proceed from this reality and plans must be formulated based on this reality.” This profoundly enlightens us that, in understanding the present, planning the future, formulating policies, and advancing our cause, we cannot depart from the objective foundation that China is still in and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism.

众所周知，我国正处在并将长期处在社会主义初级阶段的重大战略判断是邓小平作出的。他说：“社会主义本身是共产主义的初级阶段，而我们中国又处在社会主义的初级阶段，就是不发达的阶段。一切都要从这个实际出发，根据这个实际来制订规划。”这深刻启示我们，我们认识当下、规划未来、制定政策、推进事业，不能脱离我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段这个客观基点。

Grasping the biggest reality of the primary stage of socialism requires both recognizing that the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism have not changed and seeing the new characteristics that emerge at each stage of China’s economic and social development. We must deeply understand that “the primary stage of socialism is not a static, unchanging, or stagnant stage, nor is it a spontaneous, passive stage that can be crossed naturally without much effort. Rather, it is a process of stepwise progression, continuous development and progress, and the quantitative accumulation and developmental change that increasingly approaches a qualitative leap.” We must also deeply understand that “the new development stage we are in today is a stage within the primary stage of socialism, and at the same time, it is a stage that, after decades of accumulation, stands at a new starting point.” On the new journey of the New Era, not departing from the objective foundation of the primary stage of socialism means firmly grasping the reality of the “new development stage” within the primary stage of socialism, especially firmly grasping its profound connotation as “the stage of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching toward the second centenary goal” [7]7 The second centenary goal refers to the goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, the centenary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. and the many new requirements it poses for the practice of Chinese-path modernization.

抓住社会主义初级阶段这个最大的实际，既要看到社会主义初级阶段基本国情没有变，也要看到我国经济社会发展每个阶段呈现出来的新特点。我们必须深刻认识到，“社会主义初级阶段不是一个静态、一成不变、停滞不前的阶段，也不是一个自发、被动、不用费多大气力自然而然就可以跨过的阶段，而是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步、日益接近质的飞跃的量的积累和发展变化的过程”。我们还要深刻认识到，“今天我们所处的新发展阶段，就是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段，同时是其中经过几十年积累、站到了新的起点上的一个阶段”。新时代新征程，不脱离社会主义初级阶段这个客观基点，就是要紧紧抓住社会主义初级阶段中的“新发展阶段”这个实际，尤其要牢牢把握它“是全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的阶段”的深刻内涵及其对中国式现代化实践提出的诸多新要求。

3. It is necessary to unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

3.要坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路

“Integrating the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, taking our own path, and building socialism with Chinese characteristics—this is the basic conclusion we have drawn from summing up our long-term historical experience.” This basic conclusion was independently explored by generations of Chinese Communists through arduous practice in order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, encountering many twists and turns and making tremendous sacrifices along the way. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the only way to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It has created the miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability rarely seen in the world, enabling the Chinese people to achieve a great leap from having enough to eat and wear to being moderately prosperous and well-off, and enabling the Chinese nation to usher in a great leap from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong.

“把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。”这个基本结论是一代代中国共产党人为了实现中华民族的伟大复兴，在艰辛的实践中独立探索出来的，他们为此遭遇了许许多多的曲折，付出了巨大的牺牲。中国特色社会主义是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路，创造了世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹，使中国人民实现了从温饱不足到小康富裕的伟大飞跃，使中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。

On the new journey of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation, we must always remain sober and steadfast, maintain a strong forward determination, resolutely resist various erroneous propositions that abandon socialism, consciously correct mistaken concepts that transcend the stage, neither take the old path of closed-door rigidity nor the evil path of changing the banner, fear no risks, be disturbed by no distractions, and truly achieve “withstanding a thousand blows, still firm and strong, regardless of winds from east, west, south, or north.” [8]8 This is a line from the poem “Bamboo in the Rock” by the Qing dynasty painter and poet Zheng Xie (Zheng Banqiao), often used to express steadfastness and resilience in the face of adversity. We must always adhere to independence and self-reliance, insist on handling China’s affairs according to China’s characteristics and China’s actual conditions, base the development of the country and the nation on our own strength, uphold national self-esteem and self-confidence, adhere to unchanging path and unchanging will, unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and firmly grasp the destiny of China’s development and progress in our own hands.

在强国建设和民族复兴的新征程上，我们必须始终保持清醒坚定，保持强大前进定力，坚决抵制抛弃社会主义的各种错误主张，自觉纠正超越阶段的错误观念，既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路，不为任何风险所惧，不为任何干扰所惑，真正做到“千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风”。必须始终坚持独立自主，坚持中国的事情按照中国的特点、中国的实际来办，把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，坚持民族自尊心和自信心，坚持道不变、志不改，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，坚持把中国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。

It must be pointed out that, although our understanding of socialism has reached a certain height, understanding is endless. China’s socialist construction is an extremely arduous great cause, and we still have many issues that are not yet clear and problems that remain unresolved. The Chinese Communists have deeply recognized from their own historical experience: “There is no one-size-fits-all development path or model in the world, nor is there any immutable development path or model. The practical and theoretical achievements we have made in the past can help us better face and solve problems in our progress, but they cannot become a reason for us to be complacent, let alone a burden on our continued advance. The more our cause advances and develops, the more new situations and new problems will arise, the more risks and challenges we will face, and the more unforeseen things we will encounter.” Therefore, we must view China’s socialist construction from a developmental perspective, always pay attention to grasping the changes and continuities in the world situation, national conditions, and Party conditions, courageously innovate and pioneer on the basis of practice, continuously deepen our understanding of the laws of socialist construction, and constantly resolve the new contradictions and new problems that emerge in China’s socialist cause.

需要指出，虽然我们对社会主义的认识已经达到了一定的高度，但认识是无止境的，中国的社会主义建设是一项极其艰巨的伟大事业，我们依然还存在许多没有弄清楚的问题和没有解决的难题。中国共产党人从自身的历史经验中深刻认识到：“世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展道路和发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路和发展模式。我们过去取得的实践和理论成果，能够帮助我们更好面对和解决前进中的问题，但不能成为我们骄傲自满的理由，更不能成为我们继续前进的包袱。我们的事业越前进、越发展，新情况新问题就会越多，面临的风险和挑战就会越多，面对的不可预料的事情就会越多。”因此，我们要用发展的观点看待我国的社会主义建设，时刻注意把握世情、国情、党情的变和不变，勇于在实践的基础上不断开拓创新，不断深化我们对社会主义建设规律的认识，不断解决中国社会主义事业中涌现的新矛盾新问题。

In short, on the new journey of the New Era, we must accurately grasp the general trend of the times, actively respond to practical needs, listen to the voices of the people, safeguard their fundamental interests, insist on using the “arrow” of Marxism to shoot at the “target” of China in the New Era, continue to advance the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, enable Marxism to exhibit more Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, and write a new chapter in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

总之，新时代新征程，我们要准确把握时代大势，积极回应现实需要，倾听人民群众呼声，维护群众根本利益，坚持用马克思主义之“矢”去射新时代中国之“的”，继续推进马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，使马克思主义呈现出更多中国特色、中国风格、中国气派，续写马克思主义中国化时代化新篇章。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗