The Functional Pathways and Optimization Strategies of Digital Industry Clusters Empowering New Quality Productive Forces

The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposes to "improve the institutional mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions," promote the "comprehensive and full-chain popularization and application of next-generation information technology, develop the industrial internet, and build internationally competitive digital industry clusters." [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-Path Modernization. Previously, during the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping also emphasized, "strengthen the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation, consolidate the leading position of traditional industries, and accelerate the building of internationally competitive strategic emerging industry clusters." [2]2 The Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress was held in March 2024. This series of expositions directly reveals the two-way promoting relationship between digital industry clusters and new quality productive forces. Existing research indicates that digital industry clusters have unique advantages in promoting digital technology innovation, empowering the real economy, and improving new quality productive forces. Building internationally competitive digital industry clusters is an important pathway for cultivating new quality productive forces. Digital industry clusters are groups of interconnected enterprises, suppliers, related industry manufacturers, and other institutions (financial institutions, research institutes, industry associations, etc.) and facilities engaged in digital product manufacturing, digital product services, digital technology innovation and application, and digital factor-driven activities, guided by the new development philosophy, concentrated in specific spaces. They are both an important lever for developing the digital economy and a crucial carrier for developing new quality productive forces. Digital industry clusters can fully leverage advantages such as synergy, sharing, and cross-sector integration, cultivating innovative talent, iterating new types of production tools, expanding production space, and promoting the leap in laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination through high-intensity division of labor and collaboration, efficient resource allocation, and high-quality industrial integration.

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）提出，要“健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”，推动“新一代信息技术全方位全链条普及应用，发展工业互联网，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群”。此前，在十四届全国人大二次会议江苏代表团审议中，习近平总书记也强调，“加强科技创新和产业创新深度融合，巩固传统产业领先地位，加快打造具有国际竞争力的战略性新兴产业集群”。这一系列论述直接揭示了数字产业集群与新质生产力的双向促进关系。已有研究表明，数字产业集群在促进数字技术创新、赋能实体经济、提高新质生产力方面具有独特优势，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群是培育新质生产力的重要进路。数字产业集群是以新发展理念为引领，从事数字产品制造、数字产品服务、数字技术创新与应用、数字要素驱动的有交互关联性的企业、供应商、相关产业厂商及其他机构（金融机构、科研院所、行业协会等）、设施在特定空间聚焦的群体。它既是发展数字经济的重要抓手，也是发展新质生产力的重要载体。数字产业集群可以充分利用协同、共享、跨界等优势，以高强度的分工协作、高效率的资源配置、高质量的产业融合等方式，培育创新型人才，迭代新型生产工具，拓展生产空间，促进劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升。

I. Formulation of the Problem

一、问题的提出

Alongside the major historic achievements in China's economic development and the deepening understanding of the characteristics and laws of economic development in the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the concept of "new quality productive forces" and formed a series of internally coherent and logically rigorous important expositions concerning its connotation, characteristics, strategic positioning, and development pathways. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that new quality productive forces are "an advanced state of productive forces characterized by innovation playing the leading role, breaking away from traditional economic growth modes and pathways of productive forces development, featuring high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and conforming to the new development philosophy." They are "driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading, with the leap in laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination as the basic connotation, and a substantial increase in total factor productivity as the core indicator." [3]3 This definition of new quality productive forces was articulated by Xi Jinping during an inspection tour in Heilongjiang in September 2023 and subsequently elaborated in official documents. Developing new quality productive forces must adhere to the principle of "proceeding from reality, establishing the new before abolishing the old, adapting measures to local conditions, and providing classified guidance," transforming and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and strengthening emerging industries, planning and building future industries, and perfecting the modern industrial system. Once proposed, the concept of "new quality productive forces" received an active response from academia, resulting in numerous research findings.

伴随着中国经济发展取得重大历史性成就，对新时代经济发展特征及其规律的认识日益深化，习近平总书记创造性提出“新质生产力”概念，并围绕其内涵特性、战略定位、发展路径形成了一系列内在贯通、逻辑严密的重要论述。习近平总书记指出，新质生产力是“创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态”，由“技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志”。发展新质生产力要坚持“从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导”原则，改造提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业，布局建设未来产业，完善现代化产业体系。“新质生产力”概念一经提出，就得到了学术界积极回应，涌现了众多研究成果。

Marx pointed out: "All changes in people's productive forces inevitably cause changes in their relations of production." [4]4 This is a paraphrase of a passage from Marx's "The Poverty of Philosophy" (1847). The dialectical movement of productive forces and relations of production is one of the fundamental principles of historical materialism and an important viewpoint in Marxist theory of productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the salient feature of new quality productive forces is innovation, which includes innovation at the level of technology and business models, as well as innovation at the level of management and institutions, that is, "both highlighting the development of social productive forces and focusing on perfecting the relations of production." [5]5 This phrasing reflects Xi Jinping's emphasis on the dual aspects of innovation in developing new quality productive forces, as seen in his speeches from early 2024. Therefore, academia mainly explores the pathways for cultivating new quality productive forces from the two dimensions of productive forces and relations of production. The first is to directly promote original and disruptive transformative innovation in productive forces. The second is to form new relations of production that are compatible with the development of new quality productive forces, thereby promoting the development of new quality productive forces through new relations of production. From the dimension of productive forces, the "theory of scientific and technological breakthroughs" holds that innovation efforts should be intensified to achieve continuous technological iteration, enabling productive forces to leap from traditional to new quality. The "theory of production factor allocation" points out that optimizing the allocation of production factors and increasing total factor productivity can promote the upgrading of productive forces. Specifically, the "theory of improving labor force quality" argues that improving the quality of laborers enables the development and utilization of more production factors. The "theory of data factor driving" emphasizes that data factors have integrative advantages and can promote the upgrading of production tools. The "theory of digital economy development" holds that the digital economy has a multiplier effect on economic development and an upgrading effect on technological development, and achieving high-quality digital economy development contributes to the formation of new quality productive forces. Some scholars have also proposed the "theory of green production," which advocates accelerating green technological innovation to promote the green transformation of production and consumption, thereby fostering the development of new quality productive forces.

马克思指出：“人们生产力的一切变化必然引起他们的生产关系的变化。”生产力和生产关系的辩证运动，是历史唯物主义的基本原理之一，也是马克思主义生产力理论中的重要观点。习近平总书记强调，新质生产力的显著特点是创新，既包括技术和业态模式层面的创新，也包括管理和制度层面的创新，即“既突出发展社会生产力又注重完善生产关系”。因此，学术界主要从生产力和生产关系两个维度探讨培育新质生产力的路径。一是直接推动生产力实现原创性、颠覆性的变革创新，二是形成与新质生产力发展相适应的新型生产关系，以新型生产关系推动新质生产力发展。从生产力维度来看，“科学技术突破论”认为，应加大创新力度来实现持续性的技术迭代，使生产力实现由传统到新质的跃升。“生产要素配置论”指出，优化生产要素配置，提高全要素生产率，促进生产力升级。具体而言，“劳动力素质提升论”认为提高劳动者素质，能够开发、利用更多生产要素。“数据要素驱动论”则强调数据要素具有融合优势，可以促进生产工具升级。而“数字经济发展论”认为数字经济对经济发展具有放大作用，对于技术发展有升级作用，实现高质量数字经济发展有助于新质生产力的形成。还有学者提出“绿色生产论”，即加快绿色技术创新，以推动生产、消费绿色转型来促进新质生产力发展等。

"To develop new quality productive forces, we must further deepen reform comprehensively and form new relations of production compatible with them." [6]6 This is a paraphrase of a statement from the "Decision" adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee. The "Decision" requires "improving relevant rules and policies to accelerate the formation of relations of production more compatible with new quality productive forces." Based on this, academia has proposed the "theory of optimizing relations of production." Specifically, the first is to "continue to uphold," that is, uphold the institutional mechanisms of "unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector," [7]7 "Two unswervinglys" (两个毫不动摇) is a standard CPC policy formulation regarding the economic system. uphold the resource allocation mode of "combining an effective government with an efficient market," and uphold the distribution relations that manifest "common prosperity"; uphold "innovation-driven development" to enhance the driving force for cultivating new quality productive forces. The second is to "continuously improve," that is, improve the institutional framework system of "top-level design - strategic planning - policy support - institutional guarantee"; improve the policy system for financial services to new quality productive forces and innovate financial service models; improve the institutional system for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements; improve the business environment, promote fair market competition, and drive the development of new quality productive forces. The third is to "reconstruct," that is, construct a scientific and technological innovation institutional mechanism and corresponding institutional environment suitable for the development of new quality productive forces; construct a specialized policy system at the level of scientific and technological innovation, forming a collaborative research mechanism led by the government and determined by the market; build a new global governance system, reshape the modern industrial system, and inject vitality into the development of new quality productive forces.

“发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系”。《决定》要求“健全相关规则和政策，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系”。学术界基于此提出了“生产关系优化论”。具体来说，一是要“继续坚持”，即坚持“两个毫不动摇”的体制机制、坚持“有为政府与有效市场相统一”的资源配置方式、坚持彰显“共同富裕”的分配关系；坚持“创新驱动发展”，增强新质生产力的培育动力。二是要“持续完善”，即完善“顶层设计-战略规划-政策支持-制度保障”的制度框架体系；完善金融服务新质生产力的政策体系，创新金融服务模式；完善科技转化应用制度体系；完善营商环境，促进市场公平竞争，推动新质生产力发展。三是要“重新构建”，即构建适合新质生产力发展的科技创新体制机制和相应的制度环境；构建科技创新层面的专门政策体系，形成科技研发由政府主导、市场决定的协同攻关机制；建设新的全球治理体系，重塑现代化产业体系为新质生产力发展注入活力。

New quality productive forces are mainly characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, implying that their development level needs to be measured by comprehensive indicators. Academia has proposed various measurement standards for this purpose. Some scholars advocate using total factor productivity as a representative indicator reflecting the development level of new quality productive forces. Some scholars propose constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system for new quality productive forces either from the three dimensions of laborers, means of labor, and subjects of labor, or based on the level of labor productivity improvement. Other scholars, from the perspective of input-output effects, focus on the R&D investment and innovation output effectiveness of high-tech industries to assess the improvement in production efficiency brought about by new quality productive forces.

新质生产力以高科技、高效能、高质量为主要特征，意味着其发展水平需要综合指标衡量。学术界为此提出了多种测度标准，有学者主张将全要素生产率作为反映新质生产力发展水平的代表性指标；有学者提出要么从劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象三大维度，要么立足于劳动生产率提升水平来构建新质生产力综合评价指标体系；还有学者从投入产出效果角度，聚焦高技术产业的研发投入和创新产出实效，来评估新质生产力带来的生产效率提升。

Existing research, based on the dual perspectives of "productive forces" and "relations of production," has extensively explored the development pathways of new quality productive forces, laying a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent research. At the same time, academia has conducted detailed discussions on the pathways for digital technology and the digital economy to promote the development of new quality productive forces. However, this discussion has a key flaw: the literature concerning digital technology and the digital economy promoting the development of new quality productive forces mainly remains at the dimension of productive forces for research, obviously not extending to the aspect of "relations of production," thus failing to form a complete and systematic "productive forces-relations of production" analytical framework. The main reason for this flaw is the occurrence of a collective "interruption in the research process," without further exploring the "relations of production" form of "digital economy" and "digital technology" as important carriers for the formation of new quality productive forces. That is, it is necessary to examine "digital industry clusters," which can reflect the dialectical unity of productive forces and relations of production in the "digital domain," systematically sort out the process by which digital industry clusters empower new quality productive forces, in order to effectively propose optimization measures to accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces and speed up the process of Chinese-path modernization.

已有研究基于“生产力”和“生产关系”双重视域，对新质生产力的发展路径进行了广泛的探讨，为后续研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。与此同时，学术界已就数字技术、数字经济推进新质生产力的发展路径进行了详尽的探讨。但是，这种探讨存有关键缺陷：涉及数字技术、数字经济促进新质生产力发展的文献，主要停留于生产力维度进行研究，显然未拓展到“生产关系”方面，从而未形成完整系统的“生产力-生产关系”分析框架。产生这个缺陷的主要原因是，出现了集体性的“研究过程中断”，没有进一步探讨“数字经济”“数字技术”作为新质生产力形成的重要载体的“生产关系”形式，即应当考察能够反映“数字领域”生产力和生产关系辩证统一的“数字产业集群”，系统梳理数字产业集群赋能新质生产力的作用过程，以便有效地提出加快形成新质生产力的优化措施，加快中国式现代化建设进程。

II. Digital Industry Clusters Are the Key Support for Forming New Quality Productive Forces

二、数字产业集群是形成新质生产力的关键支撑

New quality productive forces have already taken shape in practice and demonstrated a powerful driving force and supporting capacity for high-quality development. The digital industry refers to an emerging industrial form that takes data as the core factor of production, utilizes production tools such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things, and provides products or services to people through digital means. As an emerging industry, the digital industry relies particularly on new types of resources such as data, knowledge, and digital technology in terms of factor structure; in terms of production methods, it is highly intelligent, automated, and collaborative; in terms of product form, it is mainly manifested in products such as software, applications, and digital content, characterized by shareability and customizability; in terms of business models, it gives rise to forms such as the platform economy and the sharing economy, exhibiting characteristics of personalization, networking, and globalization. The rise of the digital industry has promoted the digital restructuring and efficient allocation of productive forces factors, driving a comprehensive upgrade of productive forces. As a gathering place for emerging industries, a cradle for nurturing future industries, and a convergence point for innovation resources, digital industry clusters are of great significance in cultivating new quality productive forces.

新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力。数字产业是指以数据为核心生产要素，利用人工智能、大数据、物联网等生产工具，通过数字化手段为人们提供产品或服务的新兴产业形态。数字产业作为新兴产业，在要素结构上尤为依赖数据、知识、数字技术等新型资源；在生产方式上高度智能化、自动化、协同化；在产品形态上则主要表现为软件、应用程序、数字内容等产品，具有共享性、可定制性特点；在商业模式上则衍生出平台经济、共享经济等形态，呈现出个性化、网络化、全球化特征。数字产业的崛起，促进了生产力要素的数字化重构与高效配置，推动了生产力的全面升级。数字产业集群作为新兴产业的聚集地、未来产业的培育摇篮和创新资源的汇集点，在培育新质生产力方面具有重大意义。

(I) Digital Industry Clusters Form a Transformative "Technology Ecology Chain" That Empowers New Quality Productive Forces

（一）数字产业集群形成了赋能新质生产力的变革性“技术生态链”

In the course of human social development, productive forces, as the most active and revolutionary factor, have always driven changes in the mode of production in human society and the transformation of the forms of human civilization. Industrial clusters, as a specific mode of production organization, have promoted the development of productive forces through different concrete models at different stages of historical development. Viewed from the evolutionary process of "productive forces–cluster models," the level of productive forces and the form of industrial clusters influence each other and develop synchronously. In primitive society, when the level of productive forces was low, humans used simple tools for manual labor, forming tribal alliances to integrate limited productive forces; in feudal society, the further development of labor tools gave rise to commercial workshops, further strengthening the concentration of productive forces; entering the industrial era, the widespread application of electrical technology led to the popularization of machinery and equipment in industrial production, and the improvement of production efficiency required the innovation of production organization methods, leading to the emergence of industrial clusters characterized by geographical concentration, which greatly enhanced the level of productive forces. Each iterative upgrade of industrial clusters has enabled the rapid development of productive forces. With the arrival of the digital era, information technology, artificial intelligence, and the like have gradually become dominant production tools, the field of production activities has rapidly extended to virtual space, and the form of production organization has evolved into digital industry clusters. At present, at a historical juncture of global industrial factor restructuring, economic structural change, and competitive landscape adjustment, digital industry clusters, as the latest model in the evolution of production organization forms, have incubated and generated unique, disruptive, and transformative digital productive forces, along with the related technological innovation ecological network. The innovation ecological network embedded with digital technology possesses the ability for rapid self-evolution adapted to social change within digital industry clusters, enabling the continuous emergence and upgrading of new technologies and new knowledge, thereby boosting the formation of new quality productive forces. Actively promoting the development of digital industry clusters and building digital industry clusters with international competitiveness is an important strategic layout for seizing the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and for empowering the development of new quality productive forces.

在人类社会发展历程中，生产力作为最活跃、最革命的因素，始终推动着人类社会生产方式变革和人类文明形态变迁。产业集群作为特定的生产组织方式，在历史发展的不同阶段，以不同的具体模式促进生产力发展。从“生产力-集群模式”演进过程来看，生产力水平和产业集群形态相互影响、同步发展。在生产力水平低下的原始社会，人类采用简单工具进行手工劳动，形成部落联盟来整合有限的生产力；在封建社会，劳动工具进一步发展，催生了商业性质的手工作坊，进一步加强生产力的集中；进入工业时代，电气技术的广泛应用，使得机器设备在工业生产中得以普及，生产效率的提升要求革新生产组织方式，以地理集中为显著特点的工业产业集群开始涌现，极大提升了生产力水平。产业集群的每一次迭代升级都使生产力得以快速发展。数字时代的到来，信息科技、人工智能等逐渐成为主导性生产工具，生产活动领域迅速延伸至虚拟空间，生产组织形式演变为数字产业集群。当前，处于全球产业要素重组、经济结构变革、竞争格局调整的历史节点，数字产业集群作为生产组织形式演进的最新模式，孵化和产生了独特的、具有颠覆性和变革性的数字生产力，以及与之相关的技术创新生态网络。嵌入数字技术的创新生态网络，在数字产业集群中具有适配社会变迁的自我快速演化能力，使新技术、新知识不断涌现和升级，助推新质生产力的形成。积极推动数字产业集群发展，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群，是抓住新一轮科技革命、产业变革和赋能新质生产力发展的重要战略布局。

(II) Digital Industry Clusters Shape New Relations of Production That Empower New Quality Productive Forces

（二）数字产业集群形塑了赋能新质生产力的新型生产关系

Digital industry clusters are a form of production organization that has emerged with the development of the digital economy, shaping new relations of production that promote the development of new quality productive forces. Marx believed that the division of labor and cooperation are the preconditions for the development of industrial clusters, directly influencing changes in productive forces and relations of production. He pointed out that cooperation "creates a productive force, which is itself a collective force," and that "the division of labor is a special, professionally differentiated, and further developed form of cooperation," which promotes "the specialization of labor tools, the formation of detail workers, and the grouping and combination of detail workers in a general mechanism, thereby creating a qualitative division and quantitative proportion of the social production process, and thus establishing a certain organization of social labor." In Engels's view, "only a society that coordinates the distribution of its productive forces according to a single, unified general plan can enable industry to be distributed throughout the country in a manner most suitable for its own development and for the maintenance or development of other factors of production." In other words, to develop new quality productive forces, it is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reform and form new relations of production that are compatible with them. Digital industry clusters are a new form of organization distinct from traditional chain-based division of labor. By leveraging digital technology and artificial intelligence, they shape new institutional arrangements, achieving a higher-level, networked, and refined "full-coupling" division of labor institutional arrangement and an integrated, highly elastic, and information-based "full-time" cooperation system. Therefore, the new economic relations formed in the production practices of entities such as enterprises and institutions within digital industry clusters exhibit new characteristics, including "digital adaptation of subject relations," "digital alliances gathering chains into clusters," "digital strategies for clustering into momentum," and "digital dissemination of tacit knowledge." In short, by virtue of their refined management and rational layout of productive forces, digital industry clusters not only promote the development of high-efficiency, high-quality new quality productive forces but also profoundly influence the shaping of new relations of production among the subjects within the cluster.

数字产业集群是随数字经济发展而出现的一种生产组织方式，形塑了推动新质生产力发展的新型生产关系。马克思认为分工与协作是产业集群式发展的前提条件，直接影响生产力和生产关系的变革。他指出，协作“创造了一种生产力，这种生产力本身是集体力”，且“分工是一种特殊的、有专业划分的、进一步发展的协作形式”，促进了“劳动工具的专门化，局部工人的形成以及局部工人在一个总机构中的分组和结合，造成了社会生产过程的质的划分和量的比例，从而创立了社会劳动的一定组织”。在恩格斯看来，“只有按照一个统一的大的计划协调地配置自己的生产力的社会，才能使工业在全国分布得最适合于它自身的发展和其他生产要素的保持或发展”。换言之，发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。数字产业集群是区别于传统链式分工的新型组织形式。它凭借数字技术和人工智能，塑造了新的制度安排，实现了更高层次的、网络化、精细化的“全耦合”分工制度安排和集成式、高弹性、信息化的“全时”协作制度。因此，数字产业集群中的企业、机构等主体在生产实践中形成的新的经济关系，呈现出新特点，包括“主体关系的数字化适配”“聚链成群的数字化联盟”“集群成势的数字化策略”“隐性知识的数字化传播”等。总之，数字产业集群凭借其精细化的管理和合理的生产力布局，既推动着高效能、高质量的新质生产力发展，也深刻影响着集群内主体间新型生产关系的塑造。

(III) The Practice of Building Digital Industry Clusters Provides a Field Space for Testing the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（三）数字产业集群建设实践提供了检验新质生产力形成的场域空间

Marx pointed out: “There will always be some inequality in living conditions between countries, provinces, and even localities; this inequality can be reduced to a minimum, but it can never be completely eliminated.” [11]11 Karl Marx, “Critique of the Gotha Programme,” Marx and Engels Collected Works, vol. 25, p. 20. [12 Marx believed that an unbalanced distribution of productive factors weakens production efficiency, while industrial clusters, by virtue of their multiple advantages such as agglomeration effects, synergies, and resource sharing, closely link the various links of product production, raw material supply, and product sales, leveling the differences among different production entities in terms of natural resources, economic base, development potential, and so forth, thereby enhancing overall reproductive capacity. Practice has proven that building digital industry clusters is an important lever for developing new quality productive forces. Relying on digital industry clusters, it is possible to directly and efficiently deploy scientific and technological achievements into various emerging and future industrial chains, giving rise to new industries and new business forms, effectively developing emerging industries and cultivating future industries. The digital production mode of digital industry clusters promotes the transformation of traditional industries toward digitalization and green development, effectively enhancing total factor productivity. Compared with the high requirements of traditional industrial clusters for geographical proximity and resource agglomeration, digital industry clusters achieve rapid and efficient resource acquisition, reduce geographical space requirements, and broaden the channels for acquiring digital application skills and digital technology expertise. Through more standardized and specialized production processes, they lead the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises within the cluster that are still in traditional industries. In terms of international experience, Silicon Valley in the United States, Bangalore in India, and Tsukuba Science City in Japan are all typical digital industry cluster regions with strong scientific and technological innovation capabilities and economic development vitality. In terms of domestic practice, digital industry clusters show a vigorous development trend. According to statistics, in 2023, the scale of China’s digital industry was 10.09 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.57%, accounting for 8.01% of GDP. Among the 80 advanced manufacturing clusters announced by China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in two batches in 2022 and 2024, digital industry clusters occupied 15 seats. The above data indicate that China’s digital industry continues to develop steadily, with a strong driving effect on economic growth, and digital industry clusters provide important carrier support for the digital industry. Digital industry clusters not only demonstrate extremely high efficiency in economic output but also have significant advantages in technological innovation. Digital industrial parks represented by Zhongguancun Science Park and Shenzhen Bay Science and Technology Park bring together a large number of well-known technology enterprises such as Lenovo, Founder, and IBM, as well as high-end scientific and technological innovation platforms such as academician workstations and national key laboratories, forming nationally leading characteristic industrial clusters in areas such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and intelligent connected vehicles. The construction practices of digital industry clusters at home and abroad, including new production relations such as institutional arrangements, and the productive force conditions capable of incubating distinctive and disruptive technologies, all provide significant support for empowering new quality productive forces.

马克思指出：“在国和国、省和省、甚至地方和地方之间总会有生活条件方面的某种不平等存在，这种不平等可以减少到最低限度，但是永远不可能完全消除。”马克思认为不平衡的生产要素布局会削弱生产效率，而产业集群凭借其集聚效应、协同作用以及资源共享等多重优势，将产品生产、原料供应和产品销售各环节紧密联合，弭平了不同生产主体在自然资源、经济基础、发展潜力等方面的差异，增强了整体再生产能力。实践证明，打造数字产业集群是发展新质生产力的重要抓手。依托数字产业集群，能够直接将科技成果高效地投放到各种新兴和未来产业链条上，催生新产业、新业态，有效发展新兴产业、培育未来产业。数字产业集群的数字化生产方式推动传统产业向数字化、绿色化发展转型，有效提升全要素生产率。相较于传统产业集群对地理邻近、资源集聚的高要求，数字产业集群实现了资源获取的快捷化、高效化，降低了地理空间要求，拓宽了数字应用技能和数字技术专业知识获取通道。通过更标准化、专业化的生产流程引领集群内仍处于传统产业的中小企业数字化转型。就国际经验来看，美国的硅谷、印度的班加罗尔、日本的筑波科学城等都是典型的具有强劲科技创新力、经济发展活力的数字产业集群地区。就国内实践状况看，数字产业集群展现出蓬勃发展态势。据统计，2023年中国数字产业规模为10.09万亿元，同比增长9.57%，占GDP比重为8.01%。中国的工业和信息化部于2022年和2024年分两批公布的80个先进制造业集群名单中，数字产业集群占据15席。以上数据表明，中国数字产业持续稳健发展，对经济增长具有强大驱动作用，数字产业集群则为数字产业提供了重要的载体支撑。数字产业集群不仅在经济产出方面表现出极高的效率，还在技术创新方面具有显著优势。以中关村科技园、深圳湾科技园为代表的数字产业园区内汇集了联想、方正、IBM等一大批知名科技企业，以及院士工作站、全国重点实验室等高端科技创新平台，在人工智能、量子科技、智能网联等方面形成了全国领先的特色产业集群。国内外数字产业集群的建设实践，包括制度安排等新型生产关系，以及能够孵化出各具特色、颠覆性技术的生产力条件，都为赋能新质生产力提供了重大支撑。

III. Building Digital Industry Clusters to Empower the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

三、打造数字产业集群赋能新质生产力形成

As an important material carrier for the formation of new quality productive forces, the process by which digital industry clusters empower new quality productive forces is also an innovative process of systemic change in productive forces and production relations, mainly manifested in five aspects: optimizing the scientific and technological innovation network, innovating the allocation of production factors, optimizing the construction of the talent team, strengthening the path of green development, and proposing new plans for industrial integration.

数字产业集群作为新质生产力形成的重要物质载体，其赋能新质生产力的过程，也是生产力和生产关系系统性变革的创新过程，主要表现在优化科技创新网络、创新生产要素配置、优化人才队伍建设、壮大绿色发展路径、提出产业融合新方案五个方面。

(I) Digital Industry Clusters Create a Three-Dimensional Innovation Ecosystem Network for the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（一）数字产业集群为新质生产力的形成创设立体式创新生态网络

“Scientific and technological innovation can give rise to new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth, and is the core element for developing new quality productive forces.” [12]12 Karl Marx, *The Poverty of Philosophy* (1847). The full sentence reads: “Of all the instruments of production, the greatest productive power is the revolutionary class itself.” As productive forces in which scientific and technological innovation plays a leading role, the process of cultivating, strengthening, and upgrading new quality productive forces is precisely the process of innovative development. Every leap in productive forces has been accompanied by breakthroughs in major science and technology; steam engine technology and electrical technology laid a solid foundation for the development of the industrial economy, while the rapid advancement of information technology led to the vigorous rise of the digital economy.

“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素。”新质生产力作为科技创新发挥主导作用的生产力，其培育、壮大、提升过程即是创新发展的过程。生产力的每一次跃升都伴随着重大科学技术的突破，蒸汽机技术和电气技术为工业经济发展奠定了坚实基础，信息技术的突飞猛进则引领了数字经济的勃兴腾飞。

The cultivation and formation of new quality productive forces transcend the traditional productive forces’ dependence on massive resource input and high energy consumption. As an “intelligent connected network – intelligent manufacturing – digital technology” industrial ecosystem integrating multiple entities such as enterprises, universities, and research institutes, digital industry clusters can break down barriers to resource flow between industries, institutions, and regions, promote deep cross-industry and cross-field cooperation and exchange in digital technology, digital equipment, and digital manufacturing, and build an intelligent innovation network that is interconnected, resource-sharing, and fully coupled around the clock for disruptive technological change. Compared with traditional industrial clusters and their “enterprise + university” flat scientific research cooperation model, digital industry clusters can provide broader application scenarios and richer innovation resources, accelerate knowledge flow and technological iteration, build digital platforms for the application and transformation of innovation achievements, and promote the actual transformation and application of innovation achievements.

新质生产力的培育和形成超越了传统生产力对大量资源投入、能源高度消耗的依赖。数字产业集群作为集企业、高校、科研院所等多元主体于一体的“智能网联-智能制造-数字技术”产业生态系统，能够打破行业间、机构间、区域间的资源流动壁垒，促进数字技术、数字设备、数字制造等跨行业、跨领域的深度合作与交流，为技术的颠覆性变革构建了一个互联互通、资源共享、全时耦合的智能化创新网络。相比于传统产业集群及其“企业+高校”的扁平式科研合作模式，数字产业集群能提供更广阔的应用场景和更丰富的创新资源，加速知识流动和技术迭代，搭建创新成果应用转化的数字化平台，推进创新成果的实际转化和应用。

On the one hand, digital industry clusters promote the transformation of the cooperation model among innovation entities in a single industrial sector within traditional industrial clusters into a three-dimensional digital intelligent manufacturing cooperation model involving multiple industries, multiple sectors, and multiple institutional innovation entities. Digital technology innovation and breakthroughs in key core technologies require the participation of multiple entities, requiring enterprises and innovation organizations to form a multi-dimensional interconnected collaborative innovation network. In digital industry clusters, the conduct of scientific and technological innovation activities is no longer limited to a certain industry, a certain enterprise, or a certain university, but shifts toward a seamless cross-institutional, cross-industry, and cross-enterprise connection model, achieving interconnected and networked cooperation among universities, research institutes, and related enterprises. Digital industry clusters bring together researchers from different fields, different institutions, and different disciplines, targeting national strategic needs, jointly exploring and overcoming core technical difficulties, promoting the emergence of cutting-edge, original, and disruptive scientific and technological achievements, and providing innovative momentum for cultivating new quality productive forces.

一方面，数字产业集群促使传统产业集群中单一产业部门的创新主体之间的合作模式向多产业、多部门、多机构创新主体的立体式数字化智造合作模式转变。数字技术创新、关键核心技术突破需要多方主体共同参与，需要企业和创新组织形成多维联系的协同创新网络。在数字产业集群中，科技创新活动的开展不再局限于某一产业、某一企业、某一高校，而是向跨机构、跨产业、跨企业无缝衔接模式转变，高校、科研院所、相关企业之间实现互联互通的网络化合作。数字产业集群汇聚来自不同领域、不同机构、不同学科的科研人员，以国家战略需求为目标指向，共同探讨和攻克核心技术难题，促使前沿性、原创性、颠覆性科技成果涌现，为培育新质生产力提供创新动能。

On the other hand, digital industry clusters can promote the efficient transformation of scientific research achievements. For scientific and technological achievements to be transformed into new quality productive forces, they must complete the “three-step” process from scientific research, experimental development, to the application of results. [13]13 The “Decision” refers to the *Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization*, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024. The “Decision” proposes to “improve the scientific and technological innovation mechanism in universities and enhance the efficiency of achievement transformation.” [14]14 Xi Jinping, speech at the 11th collective study session of the Politburo of the 20th CPC Central Committee, January 31, 2024. In digital industry clusters, from the source of technology research and development to the application of results, it is possible to precisely connect with any sub-link of digital product manufacturing and product services, achieving precise deployment of new technologies and new achievements among upstream, midstream, and downstream enterprises, and realizing connectivity from the laboratory to the market. Therefore, the innovative operational network of digital industry clusters enables the mutual coordination and information data sharing among various entities within the cluster, thereby integrating the process from basic research theoretical conception to practical implementation, from laboratory design to market commodity transformation, forming a “cocoon-web”-like structure for the transformation of scientific research achievements, and enhancing the efficiency of transforming scientific research achievements.

另一方面，数字产业集群能推动科研成果高效转化。科技成果转化为新质生产力，必须完成从科学研究、实验开发到成果运用的“三级跳”过程。《决定》提出“完善高校科技创新机制，提高成果转化效能”。在数字产业集群中，从技术研发源头到成果投入应用，可以精准对接数字产品制造、产品服务任何一个子环节，实现新技术、新成果在上中下游企业之间精准投放，实现从实验室到市场的联通。因此，数字产业集群的创新运作网络使得集群内各主体相互协同、信息数据互通，进而将从基础研究理论构想到实践落地，从实验室设计到市场商品转化过程融为一体，形成“蚕网”式的科研成果转化结构，提升了科研成果的转化效率。

(II) Digital Industry Clusters Transform the Allocation Mode of Production Factors for the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（二）数字产业集群为新质生产力的形成变革生产要素配置方式

“We must deepen reforms in the economic system, science and technology system, etc. … innovate the mode of allocating production factors, so that all kinds of advanced and high-quality production factors flow smoothly toward the development of new quality productive forces.” [15]15 The *Decision* refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in July 2024. The “Decision” emphasizes the need to “improve the systems and rules of the factor market, promote the smooth flow of production factors, the efficient allocation of various resources, and the full release of market potential.” [16]16 The “five empowerments” refers to the five aspects mentioned in paragraph 4: technological innovation, factor resources, green development, talent cultivation, and industrial integration. In the digital industry, data, together with traditional factors such as labor and land, participates in value creation, and as the marginal contribution of traditional factors to economic growth diminishes, new factors represented by data, due to their industrial agglomeration effect, knowledge creation and dissemination effect, and economic scale effect within the cluster spatial scope, play an increasingly obvious role as the economic “motor.” New quality productive forces are also a system of factor aggregation, taking new technology as an endogenous factor, and by optimizing the combination of multiple factors including data elements, they constitute a new productive force structure, promoting a qualitative improvement in productive forces.

“要深化经济体制、科技体制等改革……创新生产要素配置方式，让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动。”《决定》强调，要“完善要素市场制度和规则，推动生产要素畅通流动、各类资源高效配置、市场潜力充分释放”。在数字产业中，数据与劳动力、土地等传统要素共同参与价值创造，且随着传统要素对经济增长的边际贡献递减，以数据为代表的新要素因其在集群空间范围内的产业集成效应、知识创造与传播效应、经济规模效应，其经济“马达”作用越来越明显。新质生产力亦是一个要素集合系统，以新科技作为内生因素，通过优化组合包括数据要素在内的多种要素，以构成新的生产力结构，促成生产力质的提升。

When digital industry clusters are regarded as an organizational form, they can be seen as a resource allocation mechanism or method, in order to “better leverage the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, and achieve optimal resource allocation efficiency and maximum benefits.” By rationally aggregating and utilizing new types of production factors, they provide support for cultivating and developing emerging industries and future industries. First, digital industry clusters expand the functional boundaries of production factors. Digital industry clusters provide an environment for the sharing of digital technology and digital talent, offering a platform for the intensive utilization of factors, thereby removing obstacles to the release of the value of new-type factors. For example, within digital industry clusters, through the “full spatiotemporal” sharing of internal information and market data, the value of data resources is fully amplified. Data factors, with their exponential growth effect, have become core factors in current economic activities, but their value can only be realized when combined and applied with traditional factors. By tapping into the new capabilities of traditional production factors, digital industry clusters form new productive forces for digitalized production. Second, digital industry clusters improve the matching precision of the supply and demand of production factors. The digital characteristics of industrial clusters achieve a dual agglomeration of geographic space and virtual space, breaking the spatiotemporal limitations of factor supply-demand information interaction. With the help of digital platforms, digital industry clusters, based on intelligent monitoring of the operational data of various economic entities within the cluster, provide production and demand plans for production factors to each entity on the cluster’s industrial chain. Finally, the networked architecture of digital industry clusters enhances the efficiency of production factor allocation. Through large-scale collection of factor demand data and the use of intelligent terminals and algorithmic models to analyze demand data, this high-efficiency resource allocation method compensates for the lag and blindness of traditional market allocation of production factors. The participation of digital industry clusters in production factor allocation helps to remove various institutional and mechanism obstacles that hinder the circulation of production factors, thereby overall enhancing the efficiency of production factor allocation.

当数字产业集群被视为组织形式时，可以视其为一种资源配置机制或方式，以“更好发挥市场机制作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化”。通过合理汇聚与利用新型生产要素，为培育和发展新兴产业、未来产业提供支撑。首先，数字产业集群拓展了生产要素的功能边界。数字产业集群为数字技术、数字人才共享提供了环境，为要素的集约化利用提供了平台，从而消除了新型要素价值的释放障碍。比如，数字产业集群内通过内部信息和市场数据“全时空”共享，充分放大了数据资源价值。数据要素以其指数级的增长效应成为当前经济活动的核心要素，但其价值只有在与传统要素实现组合应用时，才能得到实现。数字产业集群通过挖掘传统生产要素的新能力，形成数字化生产的新生产力。其次，数字产业集群提升了生产要素供给和需求的匹配精度。产业集群的数字化特点实现了地理空间和虚拟空间的双重集聚，打破了要素供求信息交互的时空限制。借助数字平台，数字产业集群根据集群内各经济主体经营数据的智能化监控，为集群产业链上各主体提供生产要素的产需计划。最后，数字产业集群网络化架构提高了生产要素配置效率。通过大规模采集要素需求数据，使用智能终端、算法模型分析需求数据，这种高效率的资源配置方式弥补了传统市场配置生产要素时的滞后性和盲目性。数字产业集群参与生产要素配置，有助于破除各种妨碍生产要素流通的体制机制障碍，整体提升生产要素配置效率。

(III) Digital Industry Clusters Aggregate High-Quality Talent Teams for the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（三）数字产业集群为新质生产力的形成聚集高素质人才队伍

“Among all instruments of production, the greatest productive force is the revolutionary class itself” [12]12 Karl Marx, *The Poverty of Philosophy* (1847). The full sentence reads: “Of all the instruments of production, the greatest productive power is the revolutionary class itself.”, that is, people are the most revolutionary and active factor in the productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes the need to “in accordance with the requirements for developing new quality productive forces… improve the working mechanism for talent cultivation, introduction, use, and rational flow.” The “Decision” [13]13 The “Decision” refers to the *Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization*, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024. makes important arrangements to “improve the mechanism for orderly talent flow, promote the rational distribution of talent across regions, deepen talent collaboration between the eastern, central, and western regions… and form a talent system with international competitiveness.” In other words, the quality of the labor force has a direct impact on the formation of new quality productive forces; developing new quality productive forces must firmly grasp the key element of talent resources.

“在一切生产工具中，最强大的一种生产力是革命阶级本身”，即人是生产力中最革命、最活跃的因素。习近平总书记强调，要“按照发展新质生产力要求……完善人才培养、引进、使用、合理流动的工作机制”。《决定》作出重要部署，要“完善人才有序流动机制，促进人才区域合理布局，深化东中西部人才协作……形成具有国际竞争力的人才制度体系”。换言之，劳动者素质对新质生产力形成有直接影响，发展新质生产力必须牢牢把握人才资源这一关键要素。

Industrial clusters, relying on collaborative networks, promote talent aggregation and enhance knowledge transfer between industries through the flow of talent factors. Unlike traditional industrial clusters such as industrial manufacturing, digital industry clusters have clear advantages in talent absorption, cultivation, and sharing. First, the advantage of talent absorption. The new industries and new business forms spawned by digital industry clusters create a large number of new occupations and new positions, meeting the employment needs of talent. The implementation of government support policies such as tax incentives and financial support, as well as the innovative atmosphere within digital industry clusters, can also attract specialized digital technical talent. Second, the advantage of talent cultivation. Digital industry clusters closely connect multiple entities such as enterprises and users, forming a deeply integrated and frequently interactive industrial network system, aggregating talent resources at different levels from production to R&D. Through in-depth exchange and interaction, they mutually enhance knowledge and skill levels. The integrated industrial network not only promotes the cultivation of talent within specialized fields but also provides fertile soil for nurturing cross-disciplinary and composite talent. At the same time, educational resources such as universities and research institutions within the cluster provide skill enhancement platforms for internal talent, enriching the levels and fields of talent cultivation, and establishing a “disciplinary setting adjustment mechanism and talent cultivation model driven by technological development and national strategic needs.” Finally, the advantage of talent flow and sharing. By building collaborative innovation platforms between universities, research institutes, and enterprises, digital industry clusters create a high-quality scientific research and innovation ecosystem, promoting cross-institutional sharing of talent resources and intellectual resources. Carrying out joint research project activities targeting key areas and core technologies also provides channels for cooperation and sharing among high-end talent, further promoting deep exchange among talent. In summary, by optimizing the construction of the talent team, digital industry clusters provide progressive momentum for the core dimension of the labor force in new quality productive forces.

产业集群依托协作网络，促进人才聚集，通过人才要素流动增进产业间的知识传递。与工业制造业等传统产业集群不同，数字产业集群在人才吸纳、培养及共享方面具有明显优势。首先，人才吸纳优势。数字产业集群催生的新产业、新业态创造了大量的新职业、新岗位，满足了人才就业需求。政府的税收优惠、资金扶持等支持政策落地，以及数字产业集群内部创新氛围也能吸引数字专业技术人才。其次，人才培养优势。数字产业集群将企业、用户等多元主体紧密联结，形成了深度融合、频繁互动的产业网络体系，汇聚了从生产到研发等不同层次的人才资源，通过深入交流、互动，相互增进知识技能水平。融合性产业网络不仅促进了专业领域内人才的培养，更为跨领域、复合型人才的孕育提供了肥沃的土壤。同时，集群内高校、科研机构等教育资源，为内部人才提供技能提升平台，丰富人才培养层次和领域，建立起“科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式”。最后，人才流动与共享优势。数字产业集群通过搭建高校、科研院所与企业间的协同创新平台，营造了优质的科研创新生态，推动了人才资源及智力资源的跨机构共享。针对重点领域、关键技术开展联合攻关项目活动，也为高端人才提供了合作共享渠道，进一步促进了人才的深度交流。总之，数字产业集群通过优化人才队伍建设，为新质生产力中劳动者这一核心维度提供了进阶动力。

(IV) Digital Industry Clusters Broaden the Green Development Pathway for the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（四）数字产业集群为新质生产力形成拓宽绿色发展路径

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Green development is the foundation of high-quality development, and new quality productive forces themselves are green productive forces.” This profoundly elucidates the intrinsic connection between new quality productive forces and green productive forces, providing scientific guidance for accelerating the green transformation of the economic development model and empowering high-quality development with new quality productive forces. Digitalization and greenization are two major directions for China’s economic development. The digital economy form has a green promotion effect, and developing the digital economy is conducive to advancing the green development process. At the same time, the development of digital industries also helps to promote low-carbon development and green transformation. Digital industry clusters contain advanced forms of productive forces with green qualities, namely the digital economy, which helps to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, resource recycling, and environmentally friendly development. By efficiently aggregating various resources, they achieve scale effects, resource matching effects, and technology spillover effects, continuously improving the efficiency of green economic development.

习近平总书记指出，“绿色发展是高质量发展的底色，新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力”。这深刻阐明了新质生产力与绿色生产力的内在联系，为加快经济发展方式绿色转型、以新质生产力赋能高质量发展提供了科学指引。数字化和绿色化是中国经济发展的两大重要方向，数字经济形态具有绿色促进效应，发展数字经济有益于推动绿色发展进程。同时，数字产业发展也有助于推动低碳发展、绿色转型。数字产业集群蕴含着绿色质态的先进生产力形式，即数字经济，有助于实现节能减排、资源循环利用和环境友好型发展。通过高效聚合各类资源，实现规模效应、资源匹配效应以及技术溢出效应，不断提升绿色经济发展效率。

In the process of broadening the green development pathway, digital industry clusters can “improve the green and low-carbon development mechanism… develop green and low-carbon industries, improve the green consumption incentive mechanism, and promote the construction of a green, low-carbon, and circular development economic system,” mainly manifested in the following four directions. First, reducing energy consumption. Digital industry clusters, relying on the advantages of intensive production and integrated development, promote the transformation of the energy structure. By actively developing green technologies and low-carbon technologies, they improve energy utilization efficiency, achieve low energy consumption, high output, and sustainable development, increase the R&D and use of clean energy, and promote environmentally friendly development. Second, improving resource utilization efficiency. Digital industry clusters provide open cooperation platforms, managing resources such as capital, talent, and data in a digital manner, achieving precise matching of resource supply and demand. This can both resolve overcapacity and achieve sustainable and economical use of resources, improving resource utilization efficiency. Third, promoting the green transformation of traditional industries’ production models. Specifically, “using national standards to upgrade and guide the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, supporting enterprises in using digital-intelligent technology and green technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries,” enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of traditional industries. With the support of high-end technology, green technology, and low-carbon technology industries within the cluster, traditional industries, guided by industrial digitalization, accelerate the green upgrading and transformation of industries through improvements in production technology and updates to production equipment, exploring new economic growth points and gathering strength for the formation of new quality productive forces. Fourth, supplying green consumer goods and means of production, promoting the green transformation of social production and lifestyle. Digital industry clusters, by using new energy sources and new materials, promote the deep green development of digital life scenarios such as e-commerce and online shopping. Focusing on digital-intelligent manufacturing and digital equipment production, they provide green products to society, guiding the transformation of production and lifestyle towards low-carbonization and greenization. The new industries and new technologies nurtured within digital industry clusters push industrial development in a greener direction, accelerate the formation of green productive forces, and boost the development of green productive forces.

在拓宽绿色发展路径进程中，数字产业集群能“健全绿色低碳发展机制……发展绿色低碳产业，健全绿色消费激励机制，促进绿色低碳循环发展经济体系建设”，主要表现在以下四个方向。一是降低能源消耗。数字产业集群凭借集约化生产融合性发展优势，推动能源结构转型。通过积极开发绿色技术、低碳技术，提高能源利用效率，实现低能耗、高产出、可持续发展，加大清洁能源的研发与使用力度，推动环境友好型发展。二是提升资源利用效率。数字产业集群提供开放式合作平台，以数字化的方式管理资本、人才、数据等资源，实现资源供给与需求精准对接，既能化解产能过剩，也能实现资源的可持续、节约利用，提升资源利用效率。三是推动传统产业生产模式绿色转型。具体而言，“以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级，支持企业用数智技术、绿色技术改造提升传统产业”，提升传统产业效能与可持续性。在集群内高端技术、绿色技术、低碳技术产业支持下，传统产业以产业数字化为导向，通过生产技术改进、生产设备更新，加速产业绿色升级改造，探索新的经济增长点，为新质生产力形成汇聚力量。四是供给绿色消费资料和生产资料，推动社会生产生活方式绿色转型。数字产业集群通过使用新能源、新材料等方式，推进电子商务、网络购物等数字生活场景向绿色纵深发展。聚焦数智制造、数字设备生产，为社会提供绿色产品，引导生产生活方式向低碳化、绿色化转变。数字产业集群内部孕育的新产业、新技术，推动产业发展向更加绿色的方向迈进，加速绿色生产力的形成，助推绿色生产力发展。

(V) Digital Industry Clusters Provide New Solutions for Industrial Integration for the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（五）数字产业集群为新质生产力形成提供产业融合新方案

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must arrange industrial chains around the development of new quality productive forces, enhance the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains, and ensure that the industrial system is self-controllable and safe and reliable.” [14]14 Xi Jinping, speech at the 11th collective study session of the Politburo of the 20th CPC Central Committee, January 31, 2024. A complete industrial system and an upstream-downstream supporting system for industrial chains provide the material foundation, supply chain, logistics network, and other necessary support for cultivating new quality productive forces. Promoting integrated industrial development not only helps expand the scope of labor objects and upgrade the quality of labor materials but also helps unleash the efficiency of traditional industries and amplify the driving effect of digital industries, advancing the formation of new business forms and models, and giving rise to future industries and emerging industries.

习近平总书记强调：“要围绕发展新质生产力布局产业链，提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，保证产业体系自主可控、安全可靠。”完备的工业体系和产业链上下游配套体系，为培育新质生产力提供了物质基础、供应链和物流网络等必要支撑。推进产业融合发展，不仅有助于拓展劳动对象范围和升级劳动资料质量，还有助于释放传统产业效能和扩大数字产业驱动效应，推进形成新业态、新模式，催生未来产业和新兴产业。

In recent years, the scale of China’s digital industry has grown steadily, with revenues in sectors such as electronic information manufacturing and software services on the rise. However, in some key areas, such as chips, software, and precision equipment, industrial R&D is highly dependent on external sources, lacking autonomous and original achievements. Therefore, the *Decision* [15]15 The *Decision* refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in July 2024. emphasizes: “Improve the development policies and governance systems for strategic industries such as next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries.” In cutting-edge technology fields, including quantum information, gene technology, and virtual AI, a deeply integrated innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain with scientific and technological originality has not yet been fully formed. Among these, the decoupling of the innovation chain and talent chain from the industrial chain has become an obstacle to developing new quality productive forces, objectively requiring deeper industrial integration. Digital industry clusters are an important support for promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy and can also provide a new solution for promoting deep industrial integration. Building digital industry clusters is conducive both to cross-link integration within the digital industry (digital product R&D, production, sales, and services) and to promoting deep integration between digital and physical industries. Digital industry clusters provide an organizational platform for cross-sector and cross-space industrial integration. With the digital platform as the core radiating outward, they connect different industries, tap into the endowment advantages of various industries such as industry and services, achieve complementary advantages with the digital industry, and accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces through a flexible, fast, and efficient industrial integration system.

近年来，中国数字产业规模稳步增长，电子信息制造、软件业务等行业营收均处于上升态势。但在部分关键领域，如芯片、软件、精细设备等，产业研发对外依赖程度高，缺乏自主性、原创性成果。因此，《决定》强调：“完善推动新一代信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、高端装备、生物医药、量子科技等战略性产业发展政策和治理体系，引导新兴产业健康有序发展。”在前沿科技领域，包括量子信息、基因技术、虚拟AI等，还未完全形成深度融合的、具有科技原创力的创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链。其中，创新链、人才链与产业链的脱钩，成为发展新质生产力的梗阻，从客观上要求深化产业融合。数字产业集群是推动数字经济高质量发展的重要支撑，也能为促进产业深度融合提供全新方案。打造数字产业集群既有利于数字产业内部跨环节融合（数字产品研发、生产、销售、服务），也有助于促进数字产业和实体产业深度融合。数字产业集群为产业跨领域、跨空间融合提供组织平台。以数字平台为核心向外辐射，连接不同产业并挖掘工业、服务业等各类产业的禀赋优势，实现与数字产业之间的优势互补，以灵活、快捷、高效的产业融合体系，加快新质生产力形成。

IV. Optimization Strategies for Digital Industry Clusters to Promote the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

四、数字产业集群促进新质生产力发展的优化策略

Digital industry clusters, through their unique empowering role, have injected a continuous stream of momentum into the development of new quality productive forces in terms of technological innovation, factor resources, green development, talent cultivation, and industrial integration. To more fully enhance the effectiveness of digital industry clusters in cultivating new quality productive forces and strengthen the practical effect of the “five empowerments,” [16]16 The “five empowerments” refers to the five aspects mentioned in paragraph 4: technological innovation, factor resources, green development, talent cultivation, and industrial integration. a series of optimization strategies should be implemented.

数字产业集群以其独特的赋能作用，通过在科技创新、要素资源、绿色发展、人才培养和产业融合方面为新质生产力发展注入了源源不断的动力。为了更充分提升数字产业集群培育新质生产力的效能，增强“五个赋能”实效，应实施系列优化策略。

(I) Adhere to the Principle of “Establishing First, Then Abolishing” to Orderly Advance the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（一）坚持“先立后破”原则有序推进新质生产力形成

The *Decision* establishes the reform principle of “abolishing and establishing simultaneously, establishing first and then abolishing,” which is a scientific summary of practical experience. To accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, some regions have even abandoned their original traditional advantageous industries, “burning their boats” to build digital industry clusters, resulting in a development pattern of “abolishing first and then establishing” or “quickly abolishing and then establishing.” It is necessary to be vigilant and prevent the major risks that this trend may produce. Adhering to “establishing first, then abolishing” and grasping the rhythm of “establishing” and “abolishing” are important principles for building good digital industry clusters and orderly advancing the development of new quality productive forces. On the one hand, proceed from reality and adapt measures to local conditions. Some regions may not yet have the conditions to develop digital industry clusters due to incomplete data infrastructure, small computing power scale, and insufficient effective demand in the digital product market. In such cases, if one is eager for success, rushing to catch the “fast lane” of developing new quality productive forces while ignoring objective constraints and blindly copying the development model of digital industry clusters from other regions, it may lead to resource waste and low efficiency, instead hindering the formation of new quality productive forces. We should rely on regional endowments, actively build diversified, distinctive, and differentiated digital industry clusters, and seize opportunities for digital economy development. On the other hand, pay attention to orderly connection with traditional industry clusters, seek progress while maintaining stability, and “strengthen the mechanism for planning connection and implementation.” Using digital industry clusters to cultivate new quality productive forces does not mean abandoning traditional advantageous industries, nor does it mean that traditional industries lack the foundation for developing new quality productive forces. Facing traditional advantageous industries and their clusters, it is necessary to scientifically evaluate and reform old systems and mechanisms that do not conform to the new development philosophy and digital trends. Relying on the integration, permeability, and mobility advantages of digital industry clusters, connect with the construction of traditional industry clusters, guiding them toward digitalization, intelligence, and collaboration, thereby enhancing the production efficiency of traditional industry clusters and promoting green transformation. Only by abandoning the erroneous mindset of blindly pursuing speed and following the general laws of industrial cluster development can we grasp the timing of building digital industry clusters and truly unleash the positive role of digital industry clusters in accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces.

《决定》确立“破立并举、先立后破”的改革原则，是对实践经验的科学总结。为加速形成新质生产力，部分地区甚至放弃原有传统优势产业，“破釜沉舟”地建设数字产业集群，出现了“先破后立”或“快破后立”的发展格局。必须警惕和预防这一趋势可能产生的重大风险。坚持“先立后破”，把握“立”“破”节奏，是建好数字产业集群、有序推进新质生产力发展的重要原则。一方面，从实际出发，因地制宜。有的地区可能由于数据基础设施不完善，算力规模较小以及数字产品市场有效需求不足等各种原因，还不具备发展数字产业集群的条件。在这种情况下，如果急于求成，为了“着急忙慌”地赶上发展新质生产力的“快车道”，忽略客观条件限制，盲目套用其他地区的数字产业集群发展模式，可能导致资源浪费、效率低下，反而阻碍新质生产力的形成。应依托地区禀赋，积极打造多元化、特色化、差异化的数字产业集群，抢抓数字经济发展机遇。另一方面，注意与传统产业集群有序衔接，稳中求进，“强化规划衔接落实机制”。借助数字产业集群培育新质生产力，并不意味着要放弃传统优势产业，也不意味着传统产业不具备发展新质生产力的基础。面对传统优势产业及其集群，需要科学评估、改革不符合新发展理念和数字化趋势的旧有体制机制。依托数字产业集群融合性、渗透性、流动性优势，衔接传统产业集群建设，使其向数字化、智能化、协同化方向发展，进而提升传统产业集群生产效率，助推绿色转型。摒弃一味追求速度的错误思路，遵循产业集群发展的一般规律，才能把握住数字产业集群建设时机，真正发挥数字产业集群对于加快新质生产力形成的积极作用。

(II) Adhere to Scientific Self-Confidence and Self-Reliance to Consolidate the Foundation for the Formation of New Quality Productive Forces

（二）坚持科技自信自立夯实新质生产力形成的根基

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must “adhere to putting ourselves first, proceed from reality, vigorously promote independent innovation and original innovation, and create growth poles for new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness.” [17]17 Xi Jinping, speech during an inspection tour in Shaanxi Province, September 2023. Innovation is the foundation and driving force for developing new quality productive forces. Building digital industry clusters must focus on autonomous and original innovation. Guided by the goal of self-confidence and self-reliance, fully utilize the advantages of digital industry clusters to tackle cutting-edge, foundational, and disruptive technological difficulties as key R&D projects. At the level of scientific self-confidence, “adhere to facing the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield… coordinate and strengthen the tackling of key core technologies, and promote the systematic, institutionalized, and collaborative development of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent teams.” [18]18 Xi Jinping, speech at the 2024 National Science and Technology Conference, National Science and Technology Awards Ceremony, and the 21st Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, June 24, 2024. In the frontlines of technological innovation such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality, and in the key arenas of great-power competition, provide innovation space and resources for innovation entities. Encourage innovators and scientific researchers to dare to break through original scientific research paradigms and thinking systems, accelerating breakthroughs in forward-looking technologies. Enhance the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, [19]19 The “new nationwide system for mobilizing resources” (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led mechanism for concentrating resources on strategic technological breakthroughs, updated from the earlier planned-economy version to incorporate market mechanisms. unblock the innovation chain bottlenecks of “universities + research institutes + enterprises” within digital industry clusters, and form an innovation network crisscrossing industries, departments, and disciplines. Strengthen the leading position of the public-owned economy in the development of the digital industry, relying on the R&D strength and capital reserve advantages of public-owned economic entities to increase investment in key and core technologies needed for digital industry development, providing support for the autonomous and controllable development of the digital industry. Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in independent innovation, play the organizational and leadership role of the government, and improve the independent innovation system. Enhance the level of independent cultivation of innovative talents, consolidating the talent foundation for independent innovation. Promote research work to proceed in parallel along the dual paths of free exploration and major national strategic needs, synergistically enhancing exploratory basic research and strategic basic research, and activating the source of independent innovation. Actively enhancing independent innovation capabilities and ensuring autonomous control over cutting-edge technology fields are the core essence of promoting high-quality economic development.

习近平总书记指出，要“坚持以我为主，从实际出发，大力推进自主创新、原始创新，打造新质生产力和新质战斗力增长极”。创新是发展新质生产力的基础和动力，打造数字产业集群必须聚焦自主、原创性创新。在自信自立目标牵引下，充分利用数字产业集群优势，将前沿性、基础性、颠覆性技术难题，作为重点研发项目予以破解。在科技自信层面，“坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场……统筹强化关键核心技术攻关，推动科技创新力量、要素配置、人才队伍体系化、建制化、协同化”。在人工智能、虚拟现实等科技创新的前沿阵地和大国竞争的关键地带，为创新主体提供创新空间和资源。鼓励创新人员、科研工作者敢于突破原有科研范式、思维体系，加快实现前瞻性技术突破。增强新型举国体制优势，打通数字产业集群内“高校+科研院所+企业”创新链堵点，形成跨行业、跨部门、跨学科纵横交错的创新网络。强化公有制经济在数字产业发展中的引领地位，依托公有制经济主体的研发实力和资金储备优势，加大数字产业发展所需关键技术、核心技术的投入力度，为数字产业自主可控发展提供支撑。强化企业自主创新主体地位，发挥政府组织和领导作用，完善自主创新体系。提升创新人才自主培养水平，夯实自主创新人才基础。推动研究工作从自由探索和国家重大战略需求双路径并行开展，协同增强探索性基础研究和战略性基础研究，盘活自主创新的源头活水。主动提升自主创新能力，确保在前沿技术领域拥有自主控制权，是推动经济高质量发展的核心要义。

(III) Build a Comprehensive Risk Prevention Mechanism to Ensure the Healthy Development of New Quality Productive Forces

（三）构建全域风险防范机制保障新质生产力健康发展

Digital industry clusters have many advantages for developing new quality productive forces, but they are also accompanied by various risks and challenges during development. Therefore, it is necessary to “enhance data security governance and supervision capabilities, establish efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border data flow mechanisms,” and “establish risk assessment and response mechanisms for the security of industrial and supply chains.” [20]20 Quotations from the *Decision* (see note 15). For example, digital industry clusters rely on networks to achieve collaborative R&D and production, and their virtualization characteristics break through the constraints of geographical space, but they are prone to the risk of digital industry clusters developing in a way that shifts from the real to the virtual. The core production factor of digital industry clusters, namely data factors, has non-excludable and non-rival characteristics. During the process of playing an integrating role, data can be rapidly disseminated and shared, posing security risks such as data leakage and misuse. The complexity and diversity of sources of data production entities make it difficult to ensure data integrity, thus forming “dark data” and triggering data quality risks, among others. Therefore, building a comprehensive risk prevention mechanism covering all domains is crucial.

数字产业集群对于发展新质生产力有众多优势，但在发展过程中也伴随各类风险挑战。所以，必须“提升数据安全治理监管能力，建立高效便利安全的数据跨境流动机制”，“建立产业链供应链安全风险评估和应对机制”。例如，数字产业集群依靠网络实现协同研发和生产，其虚拟化特征突破了地理空间的束缚，但容易产生数字产业集群发展脱实向虚的风险。数字产业集群的核心生产要素，即数据要素具有非排他性和非竞争性特征，在发挥融合作用过程中，可以被迅速传播共享，存在数据泄露、滥用等安全风险。数据生产主体的复杂性和来源多样性，难以确保数据的完整性，从而形成“暗数据”，引发数据的质量风险等。因此，构建全域覆盖的风险防范机制至关重要。

First, public ownership economy should be introduced to improve the governance structure of digital industry clusters. Establishing the dominant position of the public ownership economy in the development of the digital industry is not only conducive to maintaining the public nature of relations of production in the digital economy, but also enables full utilization of the public ownership economy’s relatively strong risk-resistance capacity. The public ownership economy combines economic benefits and social benefits, enabling it to more effectively connect, coordinate, and integrate various types of resources, and to promote the fair and rational flow and allocation of factors of production. Due to the unique advantages of the public ownership economy in relations of production and the political system, it is often subject to direct supervision and guidance from government departments, enabling it to provide a stable and secure environment for the development of digital industry clusters through means such as strengthening regulatory measures and law enforcement. Second, an internal data regulation and standardization mechanism should be established. The various entities within digital industry clusters should jointly formulate rules and systems; for example, establishing behavioral norms for cluster members’ use of data elements to avoid data quality risks at the source. This includes establishing data access permissions, anti-tampering mechanisms, and traceability mechanisms, thereby enriching methods for responding to data security risks. Finally, an external standardization guarantee mechanism should be established. This includes cultivating a fair and open market business environment, guiding healthy competition, and designing industrial layouts tailored to local conditions. Digital industry policies should be improved, such as establishing market access standards for digital products and introducing nationwide, tiered, and categorized detailed rules for data market transactions, in order to accurately identify and punish illegal data transaction behaviors in accordance with regulations.

首先，应当引入公有制经济，完善数字产业集群治理结构。确立公有制经济在数字产业发展中的主导地位，不仅有利于维护数字经济中生产关系的公共性，还能充分利用公有制经济抗风险能力较强优势。公有制经济兼具经济效益和社会效益，能更有效地对接、协调、整合各类资源，促进生产要素公平、合理流动与配置。由于公有制经济在生产关系和政治制度上的独特优势，往往会受到政府部门的直接监管与指导，使得其能够通过强化监管措施和执法力度等手段，为数字产业集群发展提供稳定、安全的环境。其次，应当建立内部数据调节规范机制。数字产业集群各主体共同制定规则制度，例如，制定集群成员数据要素使用的行为规范，从源头上规避数据质量风险。包括建立数据访问权限、防篡改机制、可追溯机制，丰富数据安全风险应对方法。最后，应当建立外部规范保障机制。包括培育公平开放的市场营商环境，引导良性竞争，因地制宜设计产业布局。完善数字产业政策，如建立数字产品市场准入标准，出台全国范围内分级别、分类型的数据市场交易细则，以准确识别、依规惩戒非法数据交易行为。

(IV) Adhere to the Simultaneous Development of Traditional, Emerging, and Future Industries to Enrich the Carriers for the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

（四）坚持传统、新兴、未来产业并举丰富新质生产力发展载体

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “We must seize opportunities, increase innovation efforts, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, proactively lay out and build future industries, and improve the modernized industrial system.” [21]21 Xi Jinping, speech during an inspection in Jiangsu, July 2023. Digital industry clusters, with their unique advantages in industrial integration, provide important carriers for the cultivation and upgrading of future and emerging industries. However, unilaterally emphasizing emerging and future industries while neglecting the role of traditional industries would lead to a “dead end” in developing new quality productive forces. On the one hand, a large number of traditional industries still have enormous potential for transformation toward high-end, digital, intelligent, and green development; on the other hand, blindly pursuing only emerging and future industries would lead to an imbalanced economic structure and weaken the supporting forces for national economic development. The modernized industrial system includes traditional industries, emerging industries, and future industries; they are interconnected and mutually expand development space for each other.

习近平总书记强调，“我们必须抢抓机遇，加大创新力度，培育壮大新兴产业，超前布局建设未来产业，完善现代化产业体系”。数字产业集群以其独特的产业融合优势，为未来产业和新兴产业的培育、升级提供了重要载体。但是，片面强调新兴产业和未来产业，而忽视传统产业的作用，就会走入发展新质生产力的“死胡同”。一方面，大量的传统产业还有巨大的高端化、数字化、智能化、绿色化的转型空间；另一方面，如果盲目地只追求新兴产业、未来产业的发展，会导致经济结构失衡、削弱国民经济发展的支撑力量。现代化产业体系包括了传统产业、新兴产业和未来产业，它们之间相互联系，互相为对方拓展发展空间。

Traditional industries are characterized by a wide variety, large scale, and broad markets. Without traditional industries, the development of emerging and future industries would lose important support. It is necessary both to “establish a growth mechanism for investment in future industries” and “guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries,” as well as to “use the upgrading of national standards to lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries.” [22]22 Quotations from the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, July 2024. Traditional industries, emerging industries, and future industries all have an urgent need to improve factor productivity and are all important carriers for forming advanced productive force states. It is essential to adhere to the simultaneous and coordinated development of all three.

传统产业具有种类多、体量大、市场广的特点，离开传统产业，新兴产业和未来产业发展会失去重要支撑。既要“建立未来产业投入增长机制”“引导新兴产业健康有序发展”，也要“以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级”。传统产业、新兴产业和未来产业都有提升要素生产率的迫切要求，都是形成先进生产力质态的重要载体，必须坚持三者并举、协同发展。

First, for traditional industries, the focus should be on digital-intelligent transformation. Apply innovative achievements such as artificial intelligence and big data to all aspects of traditional industry production, management, and sales; introduce green and intelligent innovation chains, industrial chains, capital chains, and talent chains; save production costs; achieve energy conservation and consumption reduction; and enhance labor productivity. Promote the integrated development of traditional industries with emerging and future industries, extend the industrial chain, and increase product added value. Second, the international competitive advantages of emerging industries should be strengthened. Emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, and new energy vehicles present different situations in the global industrial competition landscape. There are industrial sectors with insufficient competitiveness, such as high-end equipment manufacturing; there are also sectors with advanced technology occupying a global leading position, such as new energy vehicles. To promote emerging industries to a higher level of development, it is also necessary to increase R&D capital investment, formulate internationally leading standardized technical standards, establish an open, competitive, and orderly market for emerging industries, and provide supportive policies including tax reductions and exemptions. Finally, the strategic layout of future industries should be strengthened. Breakthrough developments in frontier and disruptive technologies will give rise to future industries including fields such as the metaverse and quantum information. Future industries are the focus of competitive development among countries worldwide. Digital industry clusters should optimize the innovation ecology within the cluster, attach importance to promoting forward-looking and anticipatory basic science and technology R&D. Focus on promoting the efficient integration of industrial production and innovation ecology, establish digital industry cluster innovation consortia, initiate and explore advanced technologies, and promote the international development of future industries. In the development of future industries, the government can also shape a favorable business environment for future industries by formulating scientific industrial development plans, establishing future industry development funds, and providing entrepreneurial capital support for future industries, thereby solidifying the foundation of future industries for developing new quality productive forces.

首先，对于传统产业，应当侧重数智化转型。将人工智能、大数据等创新成果运用在传统产业生产、管理、销售各个环节，引进绿色智能创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链，节约生产成本、实现节能降耗，提升劳动生产率。促进传统产业与新兴产业、未来产业的融合发展，延伸产业链，增加产品附加值。其次，应当壮大新兴产业国际竞争优势。新能源、新材料、高端装备、新能源汽车等新兴产业在全球产业竞争格局中呈现出不同态势，既有竞争力不足的产业部门，如高端装备制造；也有技术先进、占据全球引领位置的产业部门，如新能源汽车。为了推动新兴产业向更高发展水平迈进，还需要加大研发资金投入，制定引领国际的规范化技术标准，建立开放、竞争、有序的新兴产业市场，提供包括税收减免在内的支持性政策。最后，应当加强未来产业战略布局。前沿技术、颠覆技术的突破性发展会催生包含元宇宙、量子信息等领域的未来产业。未来产业是全球各国竞相发展的焦点。数字产业集群应优化集群内创新生态，重视推进预见性、前瞻性基础科技研发。注重促进产业生产与创新生态的高效融合，建立数字产业集群创新联合体，开启和挖掘先进技术，推动未来产业国际化发展。政府在未来产业发展中，也可以通过制定科学的产业发展规划、设立未来产业发展基金、提供未来产业创业资金支持，塑造良好的未来产业营商环境，为发展新质生产力筑牢未来产业基础。

(V) Actively Incubate Digital Industry Belts to Expand the Development Space for New Quality Productive Forces

（五）积极孵化数字产业带拓展新质生产力发展空间

Digital industry clusters are important forces driving the development of the digital economy in various regions and can be further incubated to form larger-scale digital industry belts. To optimize the spatial layout of various digital industries and form regional competitive advantages, it is possible to rely on mature digital industry clusters, combine local unique digital industry characteristics and advantages, and plan and construct cross-regional digital industry belts, “cultivating a national integrated technology and data market.” [23]23 Ibid. From a geographical perspective, most of China’s digital industry clusters are distributed in the central and eastern regions, particularly in provinces such as Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Wuhan, which focus on digital technology innovation and digital product R&D, possessing relatively complete digital industry chains, abundant digital resources, and relatively mature digital trading markets. In the western region, such as Chongqing and Guizhou, relying on unique computing power advantages and characteristic industries, digital industry clusters of a certain scale have formed. The distribution of China’s digital industry clusters exhibits regional differences, enabling complementary advantages between different regions, such as the “East Data West Computing” project. [24]24 “East Data West Computing” is a national project initiated in 2022 to channel computing power from the economically developed eastern regions to the resource-rich western regions, optimizing data center layout and energy use. Incubating digital industry belts helps balance the level of digital industry development between regions and bridge regional development disparities in new quality productive forces. Incubating digital industry belts based on digital industry clusters requires multiple measures to be taken simultaneously and in the same direction.

数字产业集群是推动各地数字经济发展的重要力量，可进一步孵化形成更大规模的数字产业带。为了优化各类数字产业的空间布局，形成区域性的竞争优势，可以依托成熟的数字产业集群，结合地方独特的数字产业特色和优势，规划建设跨区域数字产业带，“培育全国一体化技术和数据市场”。从地理区位来看，中国数字产业集群大部分分布在中东部地区，特别是以数字技术创新、数字产品研发等为核心的北京、浙江、江苏、武汉等省份，拥有较为完善的数字产业链、丰富的数字资源，以及相对成熟的数字交易市场。西部地区，如重庆、贵州等地，凭借独特的算力优势和特色产业，形成了初具规模的数字产业集群。中国数字产业集群分布具有区域差异，不同地区之间能形成优势互补，如“东数西算”工程。孵化数字产业带，有助于平衡区域间数字产业发展水平，弭平新质生产力的地区性发展差异。以数字产业集群为基点孵化数字产业带，需要多措并举同向发力。

First, a systematic assessment should be conducted of the scale of digital industry clusters in each region, the core industrial advantages, and the digital resource endowments and industrial foundations within the clusters, to formulate development plans and layouts for digital industry belts. Second, the construction of digital infrastructure and supporting public services should be strengthened, extending to county-level spaces, to ensure smooth geographical connections between digital industry clusters and lay the foundation for forming digital industry belts. Third, cooperation and exchange between neighboring digital industry clusters need to be enhanced, promoting coordinated development among digital industry clusters with different development directions, focusing on cultivating globally competitive advantageous digital industry clusters to lead and drive the coordinated development of “late-developing” digital industry clusters, and promoting the development of digital industry clusters toward “specialization, refinement, differentiation, and innovation.” [25]25 “Specialization, refinement, differentiation, and innovation” (专精特新) is a Chinese policy designation for small and medium-sized enterprises that are specialized, sophisticated, distinctive, and innovative, often supported by state incentives. Finally, the government should play a leading role in incubating digital industry belts. Government departments should always adhere to the principle of “the nation as a single chessboard,” [26]26 “The nation as a single chessboard” (全国一盘棋) is a Chinese political idiom meaning that all parts of the country should be coordinated under a unified central plan. breaking down policy barriers between regions; actively implement macroeconomic policies, such as tax reductions and exemptions, capital support, and land supply, to enhance the coordination efficiency between digital industry clusters, accelerate the integrated development of clusters, and cultivate and construct digital industry belts.

首先，应当系统评估各地区的数字产业集群规模、核心产业优势以及集群内数字资源禀赋和产业基础，做好数字产业带发展规划、布局。其次，应当加强数字基础设施和配套公共服务建设，并向县域空间延伸，使得数字产业集群地理空间衔接顺畅，为形成数字产业带奠定基础。再次，需要增强邻近数字产业集群之间的合作与交流，推动发展方向各异的数字产业集群之间协同发展，注重培育具有全球竞争力的优势数字产业集群，引领带动“后发”数字产业集群协同发展，促进数字产业集群向“专精特新”方向发展。最后，政府应当在孵化数字产业带中起主导作用。政府部门应始终坚持全国一盘棋，破除区域之间的政策性壁垒；积极实施宏观经济政策，如税收减免、资金扶持、土地供应等，提升数字产业集群之间的协同效率、加快推进集群融合发展，培育和构建数字产业带。

Conclusion

结论

Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is an inevitable choice for solidly advancing Chinese-path modernization in the New Era on the new journey. Currently, economic development is in a stage of transitioning between old and new growth drivers. It is necessary to fully release the growth dividends of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, comprehensively improve China’s total factor productivity, and cultivate new engines of economic growth. Digital industry clusters, as a new type of production organization model, efficiently aggregate key factors of production such as technology, data, and talent, and are important carriers for cultivating and promoting the vigorous development of new quality productive forces.

加快发展新质生产力，是新时代新征程扎实推进中国式现代化的必然选择。当前，经济发展正处于新旧动能转换阶段，应充分释放新一轮科技革命和产业变革的增长红利，全面提升中国全要素生产率，培育新的经济增长引擎。数字产业集群作为新型生产组织模式，高效汇聚了技术、数据、人才等关键生产要素，是培育并促进新质生产力蓬勃发展的重要载体。

To fully leverage the multiplier effect of digital industry clusters in empowering the development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to correctly grasp the main characteristics, prominent problems, and future development trends of digital industry clusters, and to formulate targeted and forward-looking optimization strategies. First, digital industry clusters have economies of scale effects. Digital industry clusters are a paradigm for the development of emerging industries that cross fields, industries, regions, and organizations, possessing significant advantages such as cost intensiveness, factor aggregation, and integrated innovation. This economies of scale effect achieves efficient integration and optimal allocation of resources, not only accelerating technological innovation and knowledge sharing but also promoting the research, development, and application of new technologies as well as industrial upgrading and transformation, providing a strong internal driving force for the development of new quality productive forces. Second, promote the construction of institutional mechanisms for digital industry clusters. During the operation of digital industry clusters, a series of endogenous risks will be encountered, such as technological "free-riding," technological path lock-in, and homogenization of market competition. To effectively address these challenges, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of self-reliance and independent innovation, optimize the institutional mechanisms for innovation cooperation among entities within digital industry clusters, and enhance internal coordination efficiency and overall innovation capability. Third, the future construction and development of digital industry clusters should focus on enhancing sustainability and international competitiveness. Seize new opportunities for the future development of the digital industry, establish and improve institutional mechanisms that support technological innovation and industrial transformation, and strive to form a new pattern of digital industry belt construction and development characterized by "core traction, radiating to the periphery, and coordinated development," thereby opening up broader space for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces.

充分发挥数字产业集群赋能新质生产力发展的倍增作用，应正确把握数字产业集群的主要特征、突出问题和未来发展趋势，制定具有针对性和前瞻性优化策略。第一，数字产业集群具有规模经济效应。数字产业集群是跨领域、跨产业、跨地域、跨组织的新兴产业发展范式，具有成本集约、要素集合和集成创新等显著优势。这种规模经济效应实现了资源的高效整合与优化配置，不仅加速了技术创新与知识共享，还推动了新技术的研发应用以及产业升级转型，为新质生产力的发展提供了强大内驱力。第二，推动数字产业集群体制机制建设。数字产业集群的运行过程中，会遇到技术“搭便车”、技术路径锁定以及市场竞争同质化等一系列内生性风险。为有效应对挑战，须坚持自力更生、自主创新原则，优化数字产业集群内主体间的创新合作体制机制，提升内部协同效率和整体创新能力。第三，数字产业集群未来建设发展应侧重提升可持续性与国际竞争力。把握未来数字产业发展新机遇，建立健全支持技术创新、产业变革的体制机制，着力形成“核心牵引、辐射周边、协调发展”的数字产业带建设发展新格局，为培育和发展新质生产力开辟更广阔的空间。

New quality productive forces are an advanced form of productive forces that conform to the new development philosophy, requiring the formation of new relations of production that are compatible with them. Building digital industry clusters with international competitiveness helps to deeply explore and activate the potential for industrial technological innovation, deepen the division of labor and collaboration within the digital industry, innovate the organizational model of the digital industry chain, accelerate the formation of relations of production more compatible with new quality productive forces, and provide strong support for comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

新质生产力是符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态，需要形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群，有助于深入挖掘并激活产业技术创新潜能，深化数字产业内部分工与协作，革新数字产业链组织模式，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供坚强支撑。

(Author biographies: Wang Feng, Vice Dean, Professor, and Doctoral Supervisor of the School of Marxism, Southwest University; Tian Maomin, 2023-level Doctoral Student of the School of Marxism, Southwest University)

（作者简介：王丰，西南大学马克思主义学院副院长、教授、博士研究生导师；田茂敏，西南大学马克思主义学院2023级博士研究生）

(Project: This article is a phased result of the Ministry of Education Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Major Special Project "Xi Jinping Economic Thought (Development and Strategy) Research" (2024J

（项目：本文系教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“习近平经济思想（发展与战略）研究”（2024JZDZ003）、重庆市社会科学规划中特理论重点项目“中国共产党第三个历史决议与‘归根到底是马克思主义行’研究”（2022ZTZD03）的阶段性成果）

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