Grasping Theoretical and Practical Requirements to Develop New Quality Productive Forces According to Local Conditions

General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the development of new quality productive forces and repeatedly emphasizes developing them according to local conditions. “Firmly grasp high-quality development as the primary task, and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces according to local conditions” “All localities must proceed from reality, establish the new before abolishing the old, act according to local conditions, and provide classified guidance” “Based on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions, selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth”… These important expositions point the way for better cultivating and developing new quality productive forces in light of national conditions.

习近平总书记高度重视发展新质生产力，反复强调因地制宜发展新质生产力。“牢牢把握高质量发展这个首要任务，因地制宜加快发展新质生产力”“各地要坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导”“要根据本地的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展”……这些重要论述为立足国情更好培育和发展新质生产力指明了方向。

Developing new quality productive forces is a long-term task and a systemic project that requires scientific planning and overall consideration. The important thesis of developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions demands that, on the basis of a profound grasp of the connotation, significance, and development requirements of new quality productive forces, we combine this with the objective realities of each locality, respect the laws of regional development, and solidly cultivate and develop new quality productive forces. The scientific method of “acting according to local conditions” combines the Marxist theory of productive forces with the vivid practical experience of Chinese-path modernization, deepening our understanding of the dynamic mechanisms and evolutionary laws of productive forces development.

发展新质生产力是一项长期任务、系统工程，需要科学谋划、统筹兼顾。因地制宜发展新质生产力的重要论断，要求在深刻把握新质生产力的内涵、意义与发展要求的基础上，结合各地客观实际、尊重区域发展规律，扎扎实实培育和发展新质生产力。“因地制宜”这一科学方法，将马克思主义生产力理论与中国式现代化生动实践经验相结合，深化了对生产力发展动力机制和演进规律的认识。

Looking first at the international situation, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the new round of technological revolution is intertwined with the intensifying dynamics of major-power competition. New quality productive forces, driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading, have become the main source of a country’s enhanced international competitiveness. Looking next at the domestic situation, China’s economic development is at a critical stage of smooth transition and replacement of old and new growth drivers. Achieving high-quality development urgently requires new theories of productive forces to guide it, so as to break away from traditional economic growth models and paths of productive forces development. In particular, developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions must be placed in a more prominent strategic position.

先看国际，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新一轮科技革命与大国博弈加剧态势相互交织。新质生产力由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，成为一个国家增强国际竞争力的主要源泉。再看国内，我国经济发展正处于新旧动能平稳接续转换的关键阶段，实现高质量发展迫切需要新的生产力理论来指导，摆脱传统经济增长方式和生产力发展路径，特别是要把因地制宜发展新质生产力摆在更加突出的战略位置。

Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions is a practical requirement for adapting to changes in China’s principal social contradiction. China’s principal social contradiction has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The prominent problem facing the promotion of high-quality development remains unbalanced and inadequate development. This unbalanced and inadequate development is reflected not only in the gap between urban and rural areas and between regions but also in the differences in development foundations and resource endowments among different localities. It is necessary to profoundly grasp the changes in China’s principal social contradiction, base ourselves on the reality of unbalanced and inadequate development, and make good use of the scientific method of “acting according to local conditions.” By following the spatial differentiation laws of productive forces development, each locality can explore paths for developing new quality productive forces according to its own industrial foundation and technological level. This can more fully tap its own development potential, thereby promoting the overall improvement of urban and rural regional development levels, gradually solving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, and also achieving the goal of cultivating and developing new quality productive forces at the current stage.

因地制宜发展新质生产力，是适应我国社会主要矛盾变化的现实要求。我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，推动高质量发展面临的突出问题依然是发展不平衡不充分。这个不平衡不充分，既体现为城乡区域发展差距，又体现为不同地区发展基础、资源禀赋存在差异。必须深刻把握我国社会主要矛盾变化，立足发展不平衡不充分的实际，用好“因地制宜”这一科学方法。遵循生产力发展的空间分异规律，各地按自身产业基础与科技水平探索发展新质生产力的路径，能够更充分挖掘自身发展潜力，进而推动城乡区域整体发展水平提升，逐步解决发展不平衡不充分问题，也能实现现阶段培育和发展新质生产力的目标。

Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions is an important practice for further deepening reform comprehensively. Productive forces determine relations of production, and relations of production must adapt to the requirements of the development of productive forces. Developing new quality productive forces essentially requires adaptive adjustments and changes in relations of production, forming new types of relations of production that correspond to them. This must be achieved through further deepening reform comprehensively. Emphasizing the development of new quality productive forces according to local conditions means requiring each locality to base itself on its own development foundation, identify weak links, sort out blockages and bottlenecks, and adopt effective measures. It means integrating the process of developing new quality productive forces with the process of further deepening reform comprehensively, forming a synergy of systems and mechanisms for soundly developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and further shaping development momentum and stimulating economic vitality.

因地制宜发展新质生产力，是进一步全面深化改革的重要实践。生产力决定生产关系，生产关系必须与生产力发展要求相适应。发展新质生产力，本质上要求生产关系进行适应性调整与变革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系，这需要通过进一步全面深化改革来实现。强调因地制宜发展新质生产力，就是要求各地立足自身发展基础、排查薄弱环节、梳理堵点卡点、采取有效措施，将发展新质生产力的过程与进一步全面深化改革的过程结合起来，形成健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制的合力，进一步塑造发展动能、激发经济活力。

Deeply Understand the Theoretical Foundation

深刻理解理论基础

New quality productive forces are an important theoretical achievement of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, marking a major breakthrough and innovation in our Party’s understanding of the Marxist theory of productive forces. It is necessary to fully recognize the connotation and implications of developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions and to deeply understand its theoretical foundation.

新质生产力是习近平经济思想的重要理论成果，标志着我们党对马克思主义生产力理论认识的重大突破和创新。必须充分认识因地制宜发展新质生产力的内涵意蕴，深刻理解其理论基础。

First, it embodies the basic requirements of dialectical materialism. Dialectical materialism holds that contradiction exists in all things and has both universality and particularity. Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions emphasizes the principle of the particularity of contradiction, that is, contradictions in different things have different characteristics, and contradictions in the same thing at different stages of development and under different conditions also have their own characteristics. In the process of developing new quality productive forces, different regions have differences in geographical environment, industrial foundation, resource endowments, etc. At different stages of economic development in a given region, the focus of developing new quality productive forces also differs. These differences together constitute the particularity of contradiction. Each locality needs to concretely analyze and study the relevant industrial structure, market demand, and technological level, give play to its own characteristics and advantages, and solve the bottlenecks and problems facing development.

一是体现辩证唯物主义基本要求。辩证唯物主义认为，矛盾存在于一切事物之中，具有普遍性和特殊性。因地制宜发展新质生产力，强调的是矛盾的特殊性原理，即不同事物的矛盾具有不同的特点，同一事物在不同发展阶段和不同条件下的矛盾也各有特点。在发展新质生产力过程中，不同地区的地理环境、产业基础、资源禀赋等存在差异，一个地区在经济发展的不同阶段，发展新质生产力的侧重点也不同，这些差异共同构成了矛盾的特殊性。各地需具体分析和研究相关产业结构、市场需求、技术水平，发挥自身特色和优势，解决发展面临的瓶颈和问题。

Second, it embodies the ideological line of seeking truth from facts. Seeking truth from facts is a high-level summary by Chinese Communists of the fundamental viewpoint of Marxism in sinicized language and is the fundamental requirement for Chinese Communists to understand and transform the world. “Acting according to local conditions” embodies the ideological method and working method of seeking truth from facts and embodies the methodological requirement of concrete analysis of concrete problems. In the process of developing new quality productive forces, we cannot adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach or engage in “campaign-style” reckless action. We must base ourselves on the objective realities of each locality’s natural resources, industrial foundation, scientific research conditions, and ecological carrying capacity to develop new quality productive forces. It emphasizes not only the particularity, autonomy, and self-reliance of development but also the coordination, balance, and flexibility of development. This is a direct application of the ideological line of seeking truth from facts in the field of new quality productive forces.

二是体现实事求是思想路线。实事求是，是中国共产党人以中国化的语言对马克思主义的根本观点的高度概括，是中国共产党人认识世界、改造世界的根本要求。“因地制宜”体现出实事求是的思想方法和工作方法，体现了具体问题具体分析的方法论要求。在发展新质生产力过程中，不能“一刀切”，不能搞“运动式”蛮干，必须立足各地的自然资源、产业基础、科研条件、生态承载力等客观实际发展新质生产力。不仅强调发展的特殊性、自主性和自立性，也强调发展的协调性、平衡性和灵活性，这是实事求是思想路线在新质生产力领域的直接应用。

Third, it embodies the economic theory of comparative advantage. The theory of comparative advantage holds that countries and regions should, based on their differences in resource endowments, produce and export goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage and import goods and services in which they have a comparative disadvantage, thereby maximizing trade benefits and achieving efficient resource allocation. For example, regions with abundant mineral resources have potential advantages in developing emerging industries such as new energy and new materials and can transform resource advantages into industrial advantages through technological innovation. In the process of developing new quality productive forces, the content of comparative advantages in production factors across localities has expanded from traditional factors such as labor, land, and natural resources to new quality factors. “Acting according to local conditions” is an extension of the theory of comparative advantage in the process of developing new quality productive forces. By identifying the points of integration between regional traditional advantages and new quality factors, it leaps toward an optimized combination centered on new quality factors.

三是体现经济学比较优势理论。比较优势理论认为，各国各地区应根据自身的资源禀赋差异，生产并出口具有比较优势的产品和服务，进口具有比较劣势的产品和服务，从而实现贸易利益的最大化和资源的有效配置。如拥有丰富矿产资源的地区，在发展新能源、新材料等新兴产业方面具有潜在优势，可以通过技术创新将资源优势转化为产业优势。在发展新质生产力过程中，各地生产要素比较优势的内容从劳动力、土地、自然资源等传统要素拓展至新质要素，而“因地制宜”是比较优势理论在发展新质生产力过程中的延伸，通过识别区域传统优势与新质要素的结合点，向以新质要素为中心的优化组合跃升。

Fourth, it embodies the theory of coordinated regional development. The theory of coordinated regional development emphasizes harmonious and balanced development between and within regions, such as industrial complementarity between regions, rational allocation of resources, and sharing of infrastructure. Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions means, on the basis of grasping the theory of coordinated regional development, treating the national territory as an organic whole and promoting each region to carry out scientific planning and precise policy implementation according to its own functional positioning and comparative advantages. In the process of developing new quality productive forces, each locality needs to place its own development within the larger framework of coordinated regional development, fully leverage its local resource advantages, achieve industrial docking and resource sharing with surrounding areas, and form a development trend of complementary advantages and coordinated progress. By strengthening cooperation and exchange between regions, the optimal allocation and efficient use of innovation factors can be promoted.

四是体现区域协调发展理论。区域协调发展理论强调区域之间以及区域内部的和谐、均衡发展，如区域间的产业互补、资源合理分配、基础设施共享等。因地制宜发展新质生产力，就是在把握区域协调发展理论基础上，将国土空间视为一个有机整体，推动各区域根据自身功能定位和比较优势进行科学谋划、精准施策。在发展新质生产力过程中，各地需将自身的发展置于区域协调发展的大格局中，充分发挥本地资源优势，与周边地区实现产业对接和资源共享，形成优势互补、协同共进的发展态势。通过加强区域间的合作与交流，促进创新要素的优化配置和高效利用。

Fully Grasp the Practical Foundation

充分把握实践基础

China has a vast territory, and the actual industrial development conditions of each region are vastly different. The same development model is difficult to make effective. Only by fully recognizing and respecting these differences, planning development strategies according to the unique conditions of each locality, and clarifying the practical requirements for each locality to develop new quality productive forces can we release development potential and achieve high-quality, sustainable economic and social development.

我国幅员辽阔，各地区产业发展的实际情况千差万别，同样的发展模式难以奏效。只有充分认识并尊重这些差异，根据各地的独特条件谋划发展策略，明确各地发展新质生产力的实践要求，才能释放发展潜力，实现经济社会高质量、可持续发展。

There are differences in factor endowments between regions. Factor endowments constitute the "innate foundation" of regional economic development. Differences in dimensions such as natural resources, human capital, technological reserves, and capital supply directly determine the comparative advantages of different regions in developing new quality productive forces. Developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions is essentially about precisely matching the characteristics of regional factor endowments to find the optimal path for factor recombination, technological innovation implementation, and industrial transformation and upgrading. For example, regions rich in natural resources can start with resource-based industries and develop toward resource deep processing and circular utilization; regions rich in labor resources can promote the transformation and upgrading of labor-intensive industries and gradually develop toward skill-intensive industries. Therefore, rationally selecting the future direction of industrial development based on the resource factor endowments of each region is a realistic choice for developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions.

区域间要素禀赋存在差异。要素禀赋是区域经济发展的“先天基础”。自然资源、人力资本、技术储备、资本供给等维度的差异性，直接决定了不同区域发展新质生产力的比较优势。因地制宜发展新质生产力，本质上是要通过精准匹配区域要素禀赋特征，找到要素重组、技术创新落地、产业转型升级的最优路径。例如，自然资源丰富的地区可从资源型产业起步，向资源深加工和循环利用方向发展；劳动力资源丰富的地区可推动劳动密集型产业转型升级，逐渐向技能密集型产业发展。因此，从各地资源要素禀赋出发合理选择未来的产业发展方向，是因地制宜发展新质生产力的现实选择。

There are differences in the foundation of industrial development between regions. In terms of the scale of industrial development, regions with larger industrial scale often possess more mature industrial chains, supply chains, and markets. This scale advantage can provide broad market space and abundant industrial resources for the development of new quality productive forces. Taking new energy vehicles as an example, large automobile industry clusters are better positioned to achieve battery technology innovation, autonomous driving system research and development, etc., providing a favorable environment for enterprises to cultivate and develop new quality productive forces. In terms of the level of industrial technology, enterprises and scientific research institutions in high-tech industry agglomeration areas are more likely to accumulate advanced technology, possess active scientific and technological innovation capabilities, and are better positioned to achieve breakthroughs from a high starting point, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading. In terms of industrial supporting capacity, a complete industrial supporting capacity can greatly shorten product research and development cycles, reduce production costs, and accelerate the formation and development of new quality productive forces.

区域间产业发展基础存在差异。在产业发展规模上，产业规模较大的地区往往拥有较为成熟的产业链、供应链和市场，这种规模优势能为新质生产力发展提供广阔市场空间和丰富产业资源。以新能源汽车为例，大型汽车产业集群更有条件实现电池技术创新、自动驾驶系统研发等，为企业培育和发展新质生产力提供良好环境。在产业技术水平上，高新技术产业聚集区的企业和科研机构更容易积累先进技术、拥有活跃的科技创新能力，更有条件基于高起点实现突破，推动产业转型升级。在产业配套能力上，完善的产业配套能力可以大大缩短产品的研发周期，降低生产成本，能够加速新质生产力的形成和发展。

There are differences in the functional positioning of development between regions. Different regions have different functional positioning, forming different development directions based on territorial spatial planning, resource and environmental carrying capacity, national strategic needs, etc. Specifically, this means clarifying what each region should and should not do, determining the "strategic coordinates" for regional development. Economically developed coastal areas are frontiers of opening up and agglomeration areas for high-end industries; their industrial choices tend toward high-tech industries, modern service industries, and the marine economy, and they can focus on developing electronic information, biomedicine, new energy, and other industries. For inland regions, based on functional positioning as well as resource and transportation conditions, they can consider developing characteristic manufacturing industries, resource deep processing industries, or modern logistics industries. Although the goal all points to cultivating and developing new quality productive forces, the conditions differ, and the processes and platforms for development also differ. It is necessary to deeply integrate the development of new quality productive forces with regional functional positioning in order to avoid homogenized competition and resource misallocation, truly achieve development in light of local conditions, and form a favorable situation where each region leverages its strengths and complements the others' advantages.

区域间发展功能定位存在差异。不同区域的功能定位不同，根据国土空间规划、资源环境承载能力、国家战略需求等形成不同的发展方向。具体来说，就是明确各区域该做什么、不该做什么，为区域发展确定“战略坐标”。经济发达的沿海地区是对外开放前沿和高端产业集聚地，其产业选择会倾向于高新技术产业、现代服务业和海洋经济等领域，可重点发展电子信息、生物医药、新能源等产业。对内陆地区来说，根据功能定位以及资源和交通条件，可考虑发展特色制造业、资源深加工产业或现代物流业等。虽然目标都指向培育和发展新质生产力，但是条件不同，发展的过程和平台也不同。必须将发展新质生产力与区域功能定位深度结合，才能避免同质化竞争和资源错配，真正实现因地制宜，形成各扬其长、优势互补的良好局面。

(The author is a specially appointed researcher of the Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Secretary of the Party Leadership Group of the Jiangxi Provincial Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系江西省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员、江西省社会科学院党组书记）

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