Our Party’s Understanding of the Laws of High-Quality Development Continues to Deepen

Based on the “Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” deliberated and approved at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, the State Council has compiled the “Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (Draft)” and submitted it to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress for review. The Outline (Draft) elaborates on the major strategic tasks for development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period across different areas, highlighting four aspects, the first of which is “promoting high-quality development.”

根据党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》，国务院编制了《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划纲要（草案）》，提交十四届全国人大四次会议审查。《纲要（草案）》分领域阐述了“十五五”发展的重大战略任务，突出体现四个方面，其中首位是“推动高质量发展”。

High-quality development is an important original concept and a signature concept in Xi Jinping’s economic thought. From General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal at the 19th National Congress of the CPC that “China’s economy has shifted from a phase of high-speed growth to a phase of high-quality development,” to his emphasis at the 20th National Congress of the CPC that “high-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects,” and further to his statement at the Second Full Meeting of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC that “we must unswervingly promote high-quality development,” since the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with the profound insight, keen judgment, and theoretical creativity of a Marxist politician, thinker, and strategist, has put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new theses on promoting high-quality development. This has enabled our Party’s understanding of the laws of high-quality development to continue to deepen, providing scientific guidance for continuously expanding the new realm and new pattern of China’s high-quality economic and social development and for creating a new atmosphere and new form of systematically integrated high-quality development.

高质量发展是习近平经济思想的一个重要原创性概念、标识性概念。从习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中提出“我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段”，到在党的二十大报告中强调“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务”，再到在党的二十届四中全会第二次全体会议上指出“坚定不移推动高质量发展”，新时代以来，习近平总书记以马克思主义政治家、思想家、战略家的深刻洞察力、敏锐判断力、理论创造力，对推动高质量发展提出一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，使我们党对高质量发展的规律性认识不断深化，为不断拓展我国经济社会高质量发展的新境界新格局、开创高质量发展系统集成的新气象新样式提供了科学指引。

High-quality development is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-path modernization.

高质量发展是中国式现代化的必然要求

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “High-quality development is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-path modernization.” Promoting high-quality development deepens, in theory, the understanding of the laws governing China’s economic development and transformation in the New Era and represents a theoretical innovation and academic elevation of the independent knowledge system of Chinese economics.

习近平总书记指出：“高质量发展是中国式现代化的必然要求。”推动高质量发展，在理论上深化了对新时代我国经济发展和转型的规律性认识，是中国经济学自主知识体系的理论创新和学理升华。

From the general stipulations of the laws of economic and social development, expanded reproduction is a basic feature of socialized large-scale production and also the foundation of economic and social development. In expanded reproduction, the expansion of the production site is expansion in breadth, while the increase in production efficiency is expansion in depth; the former is often seen as extensive expanded reproduction dominated by quantitative expansion, and the latter is usually regarded as intensive expanded reproduction dominated by qualitative improvement, which is also a form of expanded reproduction based on an increase in the organic composition of capital. The transition from extensive expanded reproduction to intensive expanded reproduction is a major issue in economic development and transformation and is also an inherent requirement of promoting high-quality development. Promoting high-quality development is an inherent requirement for grasping the changes in China’s principal social contradiction and promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development, and it is also an essential stipulation for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

从经济社会发展规律的一般规定来看，扩大再生产是社会化大生产的基本特征，也是经济社会发展的基础。在扩大再生产中，生产场所扩大是在外延上的扩大，生产效率提高是在内涵上的扩大；前者往往被看作以量的扩张为主导的、粗放式的扩大再生产，后者通常被认为是以质的提升为主导的、集约式的扩大再生产，也是一种以资本技术构成提升为基础的扩大再生产。从外延式扩大再生产到内涵式扩大再生产的转变，是经济发展和转型的重大问题，也是推动高质量发展的题中应有之义。推动高质量发展，是把握我国社会主要矛盾变化、推动经济社会持续健康发展的内在要求，也是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的本质规定。

It is an inevitable requirement for adapting to the changes in China’s principal social contradiction, meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life, and solving the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development. Accurately recognizing and grasping the principal social contradiction and determining the central task are necessary to advance the cause of the Party and the people in the right direction. The 19th National Congress of the CPC made the major judgment that China’s principal social contradiction had transformed precisely at a critical juncture when China was in the decisive stage of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and when socialism with Chinese characteristics had entered a New Era. In resolving the principal social contradiction of the New Era, whether it is meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life or solving the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development, the fundamental requirement is to realize the transformation of the mode of economic and social development from extensive to intensive. When the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC was held in 2020, China was at an important juncture on the verge of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, entering a new stage of development, and advancing toward new development goals; it was also a critical time for planning the 14th Five-Year Plan. A profound grasp of China’s principal social contradiction requires paying attention not only to quantitative growth in economic and social development but also, and more importantly, to qualitative improvement. Under such development circumstances, promoting high-quality development inevitably becomes the pivot for effectively resolving the principal social contradiction and an inherent requirement and essential stipulation of China’s development in the New Era.

适应我国社会主要矛盾变化，满足人民美好生活需要、解决发展不平衡不充分问题的必然要求。准确认识和把握社会主要矛盾、确定中心任务，才能推动党和人民事业沿着正确方向前进。党的十九大提出我国社会主要矛盾已经转化的重大判断时，正值全面建成小康社会决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期。在解决新时代的社会主要矛盾中，无论是满足人民美好生活需要，还是解决发展不平衡不充分问题，在根本上都要求实现经济社会发展方式由外延式向内涵式转变。2020年党的十九届五中全会召开时，正值我国即将全面建成小康社会、进入新的发展阶段、朝着新的发展目标前进的重要节点，也是“十四五”规划谋划的关键时点。对我国社会主要矛盾的深刻把握，要求既要重视经济社会发展量的增长，更要高度关注和解决好经济社会发展质的提升。在这样的发展形势下，推动高质量发展就必然成为有效解决社会主要矛盾的枢纽，成为新时代我国发展的内在要求和本质规定。

It is the inevitable result of fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development philosophy and continuously deepening the exploration of the stage-specific characteristics of China’s economic development. The development philosophy plays a guiding role in development practice; the new development philosophy is a fundamental solution formulated in response to China’s economic development entering a new normal and the sluggish recovery of the world economy. Since the New Era, guided by the new development philosophy, China’s national economy and social development have made tremendous progress, proving in practice the scientificity and truth of the new development philosophy and demonstrating that implementing it is the only way for China to grow and strengthen in the New Era. The new development philosophy, which advocates innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, has made essential stipulations for high-quality development based on solid practical testing and clear theoretical proof, making high-quality development the theme with theoretical reliability and practical feasibility. Facing the accelerating evolution of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, examining the characteristics of the critical stage of China’s economic development mode transformation, and particularly confronting prominent issues such as rising labor costs, tightening resource and environmental constraints, the difficulty of extensive development modes, and impeded economic operation and circulation, implementing the new development philosophy inevitably requires building a new development pattern. From the overall process dimension of smoothing the economic cycle of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, this has elevated the theoretical implications and academic essentials of high-quality development.

完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，不断深化对我国经济发展阶段性特征探索的必然结果。发展理念对于发展实践具有引领作用，新发展理念是针对我国经济发展进入新常态、世界经济复苏低迷形势提出的治本之策。新时代以来，在新发展理念指引下，我国国民经济和社会发展取得巨大进步，在实践上证明了新发展理念的科学性和真理性，证明了贯彻新发展理念是新时代我国发展壮大的必由之路。以崇尚创新、注重协调、倡导绿色、厚植开放、推进共享为要求的新发展理念，为高质量发展作出了具有坚实实践检验和明晰理论证明的本质规定，使以高质量发展为主题具有理论可靠性和现实可行性。面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进态势，审视我国经济发展方式转变关键阶段的特征，特别是面对劳动力成本上升、资源环境约束趋紧、粗放发展方式步履艰难、经济运行和循环不畅等突出问题，贯彻新发展理念必然要求构建新发展格局，从畅通生产、分配、流通、消费的经济循环总体过程维度，提升了高质量发展的理论意蕴和学理挈要。

It is an inevitable choice for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Development is the Party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. Without a solid material and technological foundation, it is impossible to build a modern socialist country in all respects. The 20th National Congress of the CPC explicitly identified achieving high-quality development as one of the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization. Promoting high-quality development has become the fundamental requirement for clarifying development thinking, formulating economic policies, and implementing macroeconomic regulation for the present and future periods. Achieving high-quality development requires focusing on building a modernized economic system, which is China’s strategic development goal and an urgent need for transforming the economic development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and shifting the drivers of economic growth. This requires accelerating the construction of an industrial system with coordinated development of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources, and building an economic system with effective market mechanisms, vibrant micro-entities, and appropriate macroeconomic regulation. Building a modernized economic system provides a practical foundation for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development, while Chinese-path modernization expands the basic connotation and essential requirements of the modernized economic system. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, China is accelerating the formation of an indicator system, policy system, standard system, statistical system, performance evaluation, and outlook on political performance assessment for promoting high-quality development, creating and improving the institutional environment, and continuously achieving new results in building the modernized economic system. This makes high-quality development increasingly prominent as the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all respects and the distinctive theme of China’s economic and social development in the New Era.

以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的必然选择。发展是党执政兴国的第一要务。没有坚实的物质技术基础，就不可能全面建成社会主义现代化强国。党的二十大把实现高质量发展明确为中国式现代化的本质要求之一。推动高质量发展成为当前和今后一个时期明确发展思路、制定经济政策、实施宏观调控的根本要求。实现高质量发展要着力建设现代化经济体系，这是我国发展的战略目标，也是转变经济发展方式、优化经济结构、转换经济增长动力的迫切要求，需要加快建设实体经济、科技创新、现代金融、人力资源协同发展的产业体系，构建市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度的经济体制等。建设现代化经济体系为以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化提供了实践基础，中国式现代化拓展了现代化经济体系的基本内涵和本质要求。在党中央坚强领导下，我国加快形成推动高质量发展的指标体系、政策体系、标准体系、统计体系、绩效评价、政绩考核，创建和完善制度环境，推动现代化经济体系建设不断取得新成效，使高质量发展越来越显著地成为全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务和新时代我国经济社会发展的鲜明主题。

In the formulation and implementation of five-year plans in the New Era, the connotation of high-quality development has been further enriched and developed.

在新时代五年规划的编制实施中，高质量发展的内涵进一步丰富发展

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Since the New Era, the Party Central Committee has made a series of major decisions and deployments, making high-quality development a consensus and conscious action of the entire Party and society, and high-quality development has become the main theme.” Since its proposal, this “main theme” of high-quality development has been continuously deepened in practice, particularly in the formulation and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan and the 14th Five-Year Plan, as well as in the planning of the 15th Five-Year Plan, where it has undergone continuous theoretical deepening and academic elevation.

习近平总书记指出：“新时代以来，党中央作出一系列重大决策部署，推动高质量发展成为全党全社会的共识和自觉行动，高质量发展成为主旋律。”高质量发展这一“主旋律”自提出以来就在实践中不断深化，特别是在“十三五”“十四五”规划的编制实施和“十五五”规划的谋划中不断得到理论深化和学理跃升。

At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, when studying the issue of proposals for the 13th Five-Year Plan, General Secretary Xi Jinping analyzed the new features of China’s economic development under the new normal, pointing out that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China’s development “must strive to achieve growth that is quality-oriented, efficient, free of water, and sustainable, and must strive to realize economic growth through transforming the economic development model, optimizing the economic structure, improving the ecological environment, and raising the quality and efficiency of development.” He also emphasized that “the strategic thinking that development is the absolute principle must be unswervingly upheld, while at the same time scientific development must be adhered to, structural reform must be intensified, and we must focus on improving the quality and efficiency of development to achieve higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable development.” Since reform and opening up, China’s economic and social development has achieved great successes, but problems such as insufficient quality and efficiency and a lack of traditional development momentum have also emerged, making it urgently necessary to accelerate the transformation of the development model and improve the quality and efficiency of development. During the formulation and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, we closely focused on improving the quality and efficiency of development, paying attention not only to speed and incremental growth but even more to quality, striving to promote rapid quality changes, efficiency changes, and momentum changes in economic and social development, and grasping in essence the “main theme” of high-quality development. Guided by the 13th Five-Year Plan, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national power, and people’s living standards all leaped to new and higher levels. The goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects was achieved with great historic success, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation took a major step forward.

在党的十八届五中全会研究“十三五”规划建议问题时，习近平总书记分析了新常态下我国经济发展的新特征，指出“十三五”时期我国发展“要着力实现有质量、有效益、没水分、可持续的增长，着力在转变经济发展方式、优化经济结构、改善生态环境、提高发展质量和效益中实现经济增长”“发展是硬道理的战略思想要坚定不移坚持，同时必须坚持科学发展，加大结构性改革力度，坚持以提高发展质量和效益为中心，实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的发展”。改革开放以来，我国经济社会发展取得了巨大成就，但也存在质量效益不高、传统发展动力不足等问题，迫切需要加快转变发展方式，提高发展的质量和效益。在“十三五”规划编制实施过程中，我们紧紧围绕提高发展质量和效益，既看速度、也看增量、更看质量，努力推动经济社会发展尽快实现质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，在精神实质上把握住了高质量发展这个“主旋律”。在“十三五”规划引领下，我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力和人民生活水平跃上新的大台阶，全面建成小康社会取得伟大历史性成就，中华民族伟大复兴向前迈出了新的一大步。

At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, when studying the issue of proposals for the 14th Five-Year Plan, General Secretary Xi Jinping elucidated the essential stipulations of high-quality development from the dimension of the new development philosophy, endowing high-quality development with the profound connotations of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing. He not only pointed out that economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period “must take promoting high-quality development as its theme, which is a scientific judgment made based on changes in China’s development stage, development environment, and development conditions,” but also emphasized that “development in the new stage of the New Era must implement the new development philosophy and must be high-quality development.” This fully demonstrates that the new development philosophy and high-quality development are intrinsically unified, and that high-quality development is development that makes innovation the primary driving force, coordination an endogenous characteristic, green development a universal form, openness the inevitable path, and sharing the fundamental goal. In the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, our Party fully, accurately, and comprehensively implemented the new development philosophy, adhered to putting quality first and prioritizing efficiency, accelerated the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, developed the modern industrial system, and improved the people’s well-being, so that the fruits of development better benefit all the people. At the same time, in the face of a complex and severe international situation, we concentrated our efforts on handling our own affairs well, enhancing international competitiveness while improving development quality, which not only strengthened the country’s comprehensive national strength and ability to withstand risks but also achieved stable and long-term economic growth and social harmony and stability.

在党的十九届五中全会研究“十四五”规划建议问题时，习近平总书记从新发展理念维度阐明了高质量发展的本质规定，赋予高质量发展以创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的深厚意蕴，不仅指出“十四五”时期经济社会发展“要以推动高质量发展为主题，这是根据我国发展阶段、发展环境、发展条件变化作出的科学判断”，更强调“新时代新阶段的发展必须贯彻新发展理念，必须是高质量发展”。这充分表明，新发展理念和高质量发展是内在统一的，高质量发展是使创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展。在“十四五”规划实施中，我们党完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，坚持质量第一、效益优先，加快实施创新驱动发展战略、发展现代化产业体系、增进民生福祉，使发展成果更好惠及全体人民；同时，面对复杂严峻的国际形势，集中力量办好自己的事，在提高发展质量中提升国际竞争力，既增强了国家综合实力和抵御风险能力，又实现了经济行稳致远、社会和谐安定。

At the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, when studying the issue of proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that “the ‘Proposals’ are consistent with the 14th Five-Year Plan, continuing to determine the promotion of high-quality development as the theme of economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, requiring us to adhere to taking economic construction as the central task and fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy.” He further clarified that promoting high-quality development “most importantly involves accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, actively developing new quality productive forces, and making substantive and breakthrough progress in promoting scientific and technological innovation, accelerating the cultivation of new growth drivers, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure.” At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating. Whoever can take the lead in achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening will grasp the initiative in development. The proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan highlight the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, making arrangements for building a modern industrial system, accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. They propose optimizing and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and strengthening emerging and future industries, and consolidating and strengthening the foundation of the real economy; strengthening original innovation and tackling key core technologies, promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, advancing education, science and technology, and talent development as an integrated whole, and deeply promoting the construction of Digital China; accelerating the construction of a new energy system, and accelerating the formation of green production and lifestyle, among other things. These specific deployments for promoting high-quality development not only provide an action guide for accelerating the achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, accelerating the development of new quality productive forces, and realizing high-quality development, but also further enrich the connotation and essence of high-quality development, achieving a dual sublimation of theory and practice.

在党的二十届四中全会研究“十五五”规划建议问题时，习近平总书记指出，“《建议》与‘十四五’规划一脉相承，继续把推动高质量发展确定为‘十五五’时期经济社会发展的主题，要求坚持以经济建设为中心，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念”；同时进一步明确，推动高质量发展“最重要是加快高水平科技自立自强，积极发展新质生产力，在推动科技创新、加快培育新动能、促进经济结构优化升级上取得实质性、突破性进展”。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进，谁能率先实现高水平科技自立自强，谁就掌握了发展的主动权。“十五五”规划建议突出了科技创新的引领作用，对建设现代化产业体系、加快高水平科技自立自强、加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型等方面作出部署，提出优化提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业，巩固壮大实体经济根基；加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，一体推进教育科技人才发展，深入推进数字中国建设；加快建设新型能源体系，加快形成绿色生产生活方式等。这些推动高质量发展的具体部署，既为加快实现高水平科技自立自强、加快发展新质生产力、实现高质量发展提供了行动指南，又进一步丰富了高质量发展的内涵要义，实现了理论与实践的双重升华。

Further Sublimating and Expanding the Understanding of the Laws Governing High-Quality Development in Solving the Problems of the Times

在解决时代问题中进一步升华拓展对高质量发展的规律性认识

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Use the certainty of high-quality development to respond to various uncertainties” and “Focus on prominent problems and obvious shortcomings, respond to the demands and expectations of the people, and put forward a series of new major strategies and important measures, which play an important role in promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development.” At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation. The dark clouds of Cold War mentality, hegemonism, and protectionism have not dissipated, and new threats and challenges are increasing. It is necessary to respond to the new trends and new requirements for promoting high-quality development while grasping various uncertainties, enrich the connotation of high-quality development, and further sublimate and expand the understanding of the laws governing high-quality development.

习近平总书记指出：“以高质量发展的确定性应对各种不确定性”“聚焦突出问题和明显短板，回应人民群众诉求和期盼，提出一系列新的重大战略和重要举措，对保持经济社会持续健康发展具有重要推动作用”。当前，世界进入新的动荡变革期，冷战思维、霸权主义、保护主义阴霾不散，新威胁新挑战有增无减，要在把握各种不确定性中回应推动高质量发展的新趋向和新要求，丰富高质量发展的内涵，进一步升华拓展对高质量发展的规律性认识。

During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China’s development will face a coexistence of strategic opportunities and risks and challenges, with increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors. From an international perspective, the world’s century-old changes are accelerating, the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustments, and a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs. At the same time, geopolitical risks continue to rise, threats from unilateralism, hegemonism, and power politics are increasing, the international economic and trade order faces severe challenges, and the growth momentum of the world economy is insufficient. From a domestic perspective, China’s economic foundation is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience,

“十五五”时期，我国发展面临的战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多。从国际看，世界百年变局加速演进，国际力量对比深刻调整，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破；同时，地缘政治风险持续上升，单边主义、霸权主义和强权政治威胁上升，国际经济贸易秩序遇到严峻挑战，世界经济增长动能不足。从国内看，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变，中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势持续得到彰显；同时，发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出。在这一背景下推动高质量发展，必须增强识变应变求变的能力和本领，凝心聚力推动我国高质量发展展现新气象、铸就新格局。

To enhance the ability and capability to recognize changes, respond to changes, and initiate changes, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the ideological consciousness and action consciousness of learning and practicing the Party's innovative theories, and to be adept at using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's economic thought, to analyze

增强识变应变求变的能力和本领，必须不断增强学习践行党的创新理论的思想自觉和行动自觉，善于运用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想分析我国经济社会发展中的各种矛盾和问题，以历史主动精神克难关，以历史自信勇气战风险，以历史耐心胆略迎挑战。在此基础上，主动把握整体过程、驾驭关键环节，不断深化规律性认识，解决我国经济社会发展面临的一系列重大理论和现实问题。其中最主要的方面包括：如何以科技创新引领现代化产业体系建设，特别是以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生新产业、新模式、新动能；如何坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，着力扩大国内需求，激发有潜能的消费，扩大有效益的投资，形成消费和投资相互促进的良性循环；如何深化重点领域改革，为推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化注入强大动力；如何扩大高水平对外开放，推动高质量共建“一带一路”；如何坚持尽力而为、量力而行，在发展中保障和改善民生，兜住兜准兜牢民生底线；等等。

The important arrangements made in the proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan [1]1 The 15th Five-Year Plan refers to China's national economic and social development plan covering the period 2026–2030, formulated by the Party Central Committee and subject to approval by the National People's Congress. on these significant issues constitute new answers to the new features and changes faced in promoting high-quality development on the new journey. In the rich practice of solving the problems of the times, they have sublimated and expanded the connotation and extension of high-quality development as an original and iconic concept, further deepening our Party's understanding of the laws governing the promotion of high-quality development.

“十五五”规划建议对这些重要问题作出的重要部署，是对新征程上推动高质量发展面临的新特征新变化作出的新回答，在解决时代问题的丰富实践中升华拓展了高质量发展这一原创性概念、标识性概念的内涵和外延，进一步深化了我们党对推动高质量发展的规律性认识。

For example, promoting high-quality development requires building a modern industrial system. This is not only conducive to creating a complete and resilient industrial and supply chain, firmly grasping industrial security and national security in our own hands, and providing a strategic foundation for our economy to brave the wind and waves while maintaining strong resilience and vitality; it is also conducive to accelerating the replacement of old growth drivers with new ones, continuously improving the foundational capacity of industries, promoting the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivating strategically emerging industries with international competitiveness, and steadily enhancing the quality and efficiency of our economic development. Furthermore, it is conducive to raising economic and technological strength, consolidating the material and technological foundation for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and supporting our per capita gross domestic product in reaching the level of moderately developed countries. Therefore, the proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan [2]2 The 15th Five-Year Plan refers to the national economic and social development plan for the period 2026–2030, the formulation of which is currently underway. places the building of a modern industrial system as the first of various strategic tasks, proposing to maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and construct a modern infrastructure system, reflecting the far-sighted considerations of the Party Central Committee.

比如，推动高质量发展必须建设现代化产业体系。这不仅有利于打造完整而有韧性的产业链供应链，把产业安全、国家安全牢牢掌握在自己手中，为我国经济顶风破浪、保持强大韧性和活力提供战略依托；也有利于加快新旧动能转换，不断提升产业基础能力，推动传统产业优化升级，培育具有国际竞争力的战略性新兴产业，不断提升我国经济发展质量和效益；还有利于提高经济实力和科技实力，夯实全面建设社会主义现代化国家的物质技术基础，支撑我国人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平。因此，“十五五”规划建议把建设现代化产业体系摆在各项战略任务的第一条，提出保持制造业合理比重、构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系、构建现代化基础设施体系等，体现了党中央的深谋远虑。

Another example: promoting high-quality development requires achieving both “enlivening through liberalization” and “managing well through regulation.” This is conducive to allowing the “invisible hand” of the market and the “visible hand” of the government to each fulfill their responsibilities, using “liberalization” to break down institutional and mechanistic barriers that hinder the development of productive forces, effectively ensuring that various forms of ownership can equally use factors of production in accordance with the law, participate fairly in market competition, and receive equal legal protection, fully stimulating the vitality of all types of business entities. Using “regulation” to build a credit-based economy and a rule-of-law economy, it focuses on correcting behaviors that disrupt market order and disturb market expectations, constructing a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and continuously enhancing the momentum and vitality of high-quality development. The proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan calls for forming an economic order that is both “enlivened through liberalization” and “managed well through regulation.” Compared with the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [3]3 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization., which proposed being both “enlivened through liberalization” and “managed through regulation,” this change of one character reflects our Party’s continuous deepening of understanding of the laws of the socialist market economy, especially regarding “better playing the role of the government.” It places greater emphasis on service optimization and policy coordination, highlighting the historical consciousness and theoretical confidence in strengthening macroeconomic governance on the new journey of the New Era.

又如，推动高质量发展必须做到既“放得活”又“管得好”。这有利于让市场“无形之手”与政府“有形之手”各负其责，以“放”破除影响生产力发展的体制机制障碍，切实保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护，充分激发各类经营主体活力；以“管”建设信用经济、法治经济，着力纠正破坏市场秩序、扰乱市场预期等行为，构建统一、开放、竞争、有序的市场体系，持续增强高质量发展动力和活力。“十五五”规划建议提出形成既“放得活”又“管得好”的经济秩序，与党的二十届三中全会提出既“放得活”又“管得住”相比，一字之变体现了我们党对社会主义市场经济规律特别是对“更好发挥政府作用”认识的持续深化，更强调服务优化与政策协同，彰显了新时代新征程加强宏观经济治理的历史自觉与理论自信。

Yet another example: promoting high-quality development requires closely integrating investment in things with investment in people. This is conducive to seizing the important opportunities presented by the accelerated evolution of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, which has generated a large number of new investment demands. It focuses on optimizing the investment layout in the real economy and technological innovation, expanding effective investment, consolidating the material and technological foundation for economic and social development, and enhancing our economy’s ability to withstand risks and its development resilience. At the same time, in response to the major trends in recent years—where the return on investment in things in our country has declined to some extent, and global industrial competition has shifted from “capital-intensive” to “talent-intensive”—improving the long-term mechanism for investment in people and expanding effective investment covering the entire population and the whole life cycle is conducive to forming a “human capital dividend,” promoting the transformation of our economic growth momentum mechanism, and providing fundamental and strategic support for high-quality development. The proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan calls for closely integrating investment in things with investment in people, fully reflecting the enhancement and optimization of our country’s investment concepts, directions, and priorities. This will enable our country to gain strategic initiative in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation.

再如，推动高质量发展必须坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合。这有利于抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进催生出大量新投资需求的重要机遇，聚焦实体经济和科技创新优化投资布局、扩大有效投资，为经济社会发展夯实物质技术基础、增强我国经济抗风险能力和发展韧性。同时，顺应近年来我国投资于物回报率有所下降、全球产业竞争从“资本密集”转向“人才密集”的大趋势，健全投资于人的长效机制，扩大覆盖全人群、全生命周期的有效投资，有利于形成“人力资本红利”，推动我国经济增长动力机制转换，为高质量发展提供基础性、战略性支撑。“十五五”规划建议提出坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，充分体现了我国投资理念、方向、重点的提升和优化，将推动我国在新一轮科技革命和产业变革中赢得战略主动。

These understandings of the laws further enrich and develop Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought, providing powerful ideological guidance for solidly promoting the high-quality development of our country’s economy and society and achieving a good start to the 15th Five-Year Plan. Promoting high-quality development is a systematic project involving all aspects of economic and social development. It is necessary to continuously improve systematicness, wholeness, and coordination. In accordance with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important requirement for “system integration,” on the basis of accurately grasping the major principles that must be followed in economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period and deeply understanding the main objectives of economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to effectively integrate forces from all sides in the practice of advancing and expanding Chinese-path modernization, forming a mighty force to promote high-quality development.

这些规律性认识，进一步丰富和发展了习近平经济思想，为扎实推动我国经济社会高质量发展、实现“十五五”良好开局，提供了强大思想指引。推动高质量发展是一个系统工程，涉及经济社会发展方方面面，必须不断提高系统性、整体性、协同性。要按照习近平总书记关于“系统集成”的重要要求，在准确把握“十五五”时期经济社会发展必须遵循的重大原则、深刻理解“十五五”时期经济社会发展的主要目标的基础上，在推进和拓展中国式现代化的实践中有效整合各方力量，形成推动高质量发展的磅礴之力。

(The author is the Chair of the Academic Committee of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Ministry of Education)

（作者为教育部习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心学术委员会主任委员）