Advancing the Construction of Digital Ideological and Political Education and Improving the Capacity for Online Education

General Secretary Xi Jinping, during the fifth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, emphasized: “Persist in reform and innovation, advance the integrated construction of ideological and political education across primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, and enhance the targetedness and appeal of ideological and political courses. Improve the capacity for online education, and solidly carry out school ideological and political work and ideological work in the internet era.” [n1] With the rapid development of modern digital technology, cyberspace has already become the “primary environment” for the study and life of the vast number of young students. Fully leveraging the role of digital technologies represented by big data and artificial intelligence in ideological and political work, vigorously advancing the construction of digital ideological and political education, and using digitalization to empower innovation in ideological and political education are important contents and measures for promoting the digital transformation of education and accelerating the construction of the ideological and political work system.

习近平总书记在中共中央政治局第五次集体学习时强调：“坚持改革创新，推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设，提高思政课的针对性和吸引力。提高网络育人能力，扎实做好互联网时代的学校思想政治工作和意识形态工作。”随着现代数字技术的迅猛发展，网络空间已经成为广大青少年学生学习生活的“第一环境”。充分发挥好以大数据、人工智能等为代表的数字技术在思政工作中的作用，大力推进数字思政建设，以数字化赋能思想政治教育创新，是推进教育数字化转型、加快构建思政工作体系的重要内容和举措。

Digital ideological and political education is the paradigm shift and comprehensive response of ideological and political education to the major era of digitalization. It is not a simple supplement to traditional ideological and political education, nor a mere improvement in methods, but a transformation and upgrading of the internal operation of modern ideological and political education to adapt to the temporal and spatial circumstances of the digital age. The research object of digital ideological and political education is the phenomena and laws of ideological and political education in digital society. It conducts theoretical elucidation, theoretical expression, and practical innovation regarding the guidance and regulation of thought and behavior in digital society, promoting the construction of a new ecosystem and system innovation in ideological and political education from the aspects of value, goals, content, and methods, thereby enhancing the targetedness and effectiveness of ideological and political work.

数字思政是思想政治教育面向数字化这一重大时代背景的范式转型与全面应对。它不是传统思政的简单增补，也不是单纯的方法改进，而是现代思想政治教育内在运行适应数字时空境遇的转型升级。数字思政的研究对象是数字社会的思想政治教育现象及其规律，是对数字社会思想与行为引导规范进行的学理阐释、理论表达和实践创新，从价值、目标、内容、方法等方面推动思政教育新生态构建和体系创新，提升思想政治工作的针对性、实效性。

Value shaping depends on the subject and the object, and is also constrained by the historical stage in which the subject actively transforms the object. Digital society breaks through the limitations of time and space, reconstructs the boundaries between the virtual and the real, and creates human-machine relationships. The individual value and social value of digital ideological and political education manifest these characteristics of the era, achieving development and transformation of traditional ideological and political education. At the level of individual value, it changes the traditional “indoctrination” model of education, constructs a new interactive relationship between subject and object, uses interactive and participatory digital means to mobilize people’s inner spiritual motivation, taps into personality potential in human-machine interaction, and aids self-development and self-improvement. At the level of social value, it adapts to the practical needs of the technological revolution and industrial transformation, uses digital means to strengthen mainstream ideology education, leads and shapes the mainstream values of digital space, consolidates online consensus that serves the overall situation of economic and social development, and fully stimulates the innovative and creative vitality of “digital citizens.” At the same time, it strengthens the dissemination of political discourse in digital space, shapes political belief and identity, revitalizes cultural resources, expands cultural space, produces a batch of digital cultural products aligned with mainstream values, prevents and counters online attacks and infiltration, and builds a “firewall” for the security of mainstream ideology in the digital era.

价值塑造依赖于主体和客体，也受制于主体能动地改造客体的历史阶段。数字社会突破时空局限、重构虚实边界、创生人机关系，数字思政的个体价值和社会价值彰显这一时代特征，实现对传统思政的发展与转型。在个体价值层面，改变传统的“灌输式”教育，构建新型主客体交互关系，以互动性、参与性的数字手段来调动人的内在精神动力，在人机互动中挖掘人格潜能，助力自我发展与完善。在社会价值层面，适应科技革命和产业变革的现实需要，利用数字手段强化主流意识形态教育，引领塑造数字空间的主流价值，凝聚服务经济社会发展大局的网络共识，充分激发“数字公民”的创新创造活力。同时，加强数字空间的政治话语传播，形塑政治信仰与身份认同，活化文化资源，拓展文化空间，产出一批与主流价值统一的数字文化产品，防范和抑制网上攻击渗透行为，构筑数字时代主流意识形态安全的“防火墙”。

Goal setting reflects the starting point and ultimate destination of ideological and political education, manifests its fundamental aspirations and demands, and also mirrors the goals of social development. With the widespread application of emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, a unique digital space has been constructed, and the conditions for education in ideological and political education have undergone tremendous changes. However, its fundamental goal remains to enhance people’s ability to understand and transform the world, while transforming the subjective world in the process of transforming the objective world. Its specific goals, combined with the new characteristics of digital education, form new goals and orientations. First, to transcend technological alienation through value guidance. Digital ideological and political education aims to promote the free and comprehensive development of people in both the digital world and the real world, avoiding technological dependence and digital addiction. Second, to break down the communication barriers of the digital era through spiritual guidance. It plays a value function of enlightening wisdom and nourishing the heart, resolving the cognitive dilemmas people face in digital society due to a lack of genuine perception of time and space, preventing them from becoming “hollow persons” whose inner worlds are stripped and extracted by “information cocoons,” [n2] and assisting in the construction of the ideological space and spiritual world of the educated, avoiding the “crisis of faith” characterized by spiritual emptiness and emotional desertification. Third, to reduce digital risks through moral norms. It promotes the construction of moral concepts, norms, and standards adapted to the digital era, overcomes digital social risks brought about by technological black boxes, data leaks, algorithmic discrimination, etc., guides the educated to form good behavioral character, legal awareness, and moral responsibility, resolves the “trust” crisis in the process of communication, and contributes to building a harmonious society.

目标设置反映的是思想政治教育的出发点和最终归属，彰显其根本的愿望和诉求，也折射了社会发展目标。大数据、人工智能、虚拟现实等新兴技术广泛应用，构建起独特的数字空间，思想政治教育的育人条件发生巨变，但其根本目标依然是提高人们认识世界与改造世界的能力，在改造客观世界的同时改造主观世界。其具体目标结合数字育人的新特点，形成新的目标与导向。一是以价值引导超越技术异化。数字思政以促进人在数字世界和现实世界的自由全面发展为目标，规避技术依赖和数字成瘾。二是以精神疏导打破数字时代的交往壁垒。发挥启智润心的价值功能，化解人在数字社会中因缺乏时空真实感知而产生的认知困境，避免成为内心世界被“信息茧房”所剥夺与抽离的“空心人”，助力受教育者的思想空间、精神世界建设，避免精神空虚、情感荒漠的“信仰危机”。三是以道德规范降低数字风险。推动构建适应数字时代的道德观念、准则与规范，克服由于技术黑箱、数据泄露、算法歧视等所带来的数字社会风险，引导受教育者形成良好的行为品性、法律意识、道德责任，化解交往过程的“信任”危机，助推建设和谐社会。

Digitalization promotes changes in production methods and adjustments in industrial structure, and also has a profound impact on people’s ideological concepts. Adapting to the deep development of digital society, the traditional content system of ideological and political education, including ideological education, political education, and moral education, will gradually be digitized in the construction of knowledge graphs. For young people who are digital natives, it is necessary to correctly and skillfully use online resources and digital means, combine online education with classroom education, and transform ideological and political courses into courses that students genuinely love and benefit from throughout their lives. First, strengthen the cultivation of digital thinking. Digital thinking refers to people’s ability to conform to the digital wave, shape digital logic, establish correct values and methodology, possess data sensitivity, be adept at discovering, using, and producing data, and maintaining data security. Digital ideological and political education adapts to events, advances with the times, and innovates with the situation, continuously strengthening the cultivation of digital thinking, enabling the educated to skillfully use data to analyze and solve problems. Second, strengthen digital ethics education. In the digital world, the ethical relationships constructed based on the premise of natural persons in the physical world need to be re-examined. Digital ethics must prevent disorder and anomie dominated by technological logic, redefine them based on the dual attributes of human biology and digitality, the behavioral rules of the virtual-real isomorphism, and the constraints of algorithmic decision-making, and construct a digital ethics system that aligns value rationality with instrumental rationality and digital rationality. Digital ideological and political education strengthens the mining of educational data, digital dynamic tracking, and algorithmic analysis and processing, guides the educated to follow digital ethical norms, deeply cultivates identification with the Party, elevates feelings of family and country, abides by moral and legal discipline, safeguards national security and national dignity, and actively creates positive energy in digital space. Third, promote the enhancement of digital skills. Digital skills refer to the collection of qualities and abilities in digital acquisition, production, use, evaluation, interaction, sharing, and innovation that people possess in their study, work, and life. Digital ideological and political education should attend to digital skills, incorporate foundational knowledge of digital technologies such as big data, the metaverse, and virtual reality into the classroom, and through theoretical interpretation and practical experience, guide the educated to properly use digital resources, tools, and platforms, and actively carry out exploration and innovation.

数字化促进生产方式变革、产业结构调整，也对人们的思想观念产生深远影响。适应数字社会的纵深发展，思想教育、政治教育、道德教育等传统思政内容体系将在知识图谱构建中逐渐被数字化。针对作为网络原住民的青少年，要正确和善于运用网络资源和数字手段，将网络育人与课堂育人相结合，将思政课变成学生真心喜爱、终身受益的课程。一是强化数字思维培育。数字思维是指人们顺应数字化浪潮，形塑数字逻辑，树立正确价值观、方法论，具备数据敏感性，善于发现、运用、生产数据，并维护数据安全。数字思政因事而化、因时而进、因势而新，不断强化数字思维培育，让受教育者善于运用数据分析问题和解决问题。二是加强数字伦理教育。数字世界中，基于物理世界自然人前提建构起来的伦理关系需要重新审视。数字伦理要防范技术逻辑主导的失序失范，基于人的生物与数字的双重属性、虚实同构的行为法则、算法决策的束缚制约等来重新界定，构建价值理性和工具理性、数字理性相契合的数字伦理体系。数字思政强化育人数据挖掘、数字动态跟踪和算法分析处理，引导受教育者遵循数字伦理规范，厚植对党的认同，升华家国情怀，遵守道德法纪，维护国家安全和民族尊严，积极营造数字空间正能量。三是促进数字技能提升。数字技能是指人们在学习工作生活中具备的数字获取、制作、使用、评价、交互、分享、创新的素质与能力集合。数字思政要观照数字技能，将大数据、元宇宙、虚拟现实等数字技术基础性知识纳入课堂，通过理论解读与实践体验，引导受教育者妥善运用数字化资源、工具和平台，积极开展探索和创新。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Wherever people are, that is where the focus of propaganda and ideological work should be. Cyberspace has become a new space for people’s production and life, so it should also become a new space for our Party to build consensus.” Contemporary adolescent students are the new generation of the internet, and ideological and political work must naturally advance into the online platforms where students gather, promoting the transformation of the ideological and political work system from traditional to modern digitalization, so that the Party’s innovative theories fully occupy the online education space. At present, in addition to making full use of traditional ideological and political content, forms, and methods, advancing the construction of digital ideological and political education should especially focus on the following tasks. First, promote innovation in the methodological system. Digital technology brings about a transformation in knowledge paradigms from induction and deduction to data analysis, from knowledge rationality to computational rationality, and from human cognition to machine cognition. The methodological system of digital ideological and political education is also in a state of continuous innovation. It must both inherit the traditional methods of ideological and political work—such as heart-to-heart talks, typical case analysis, and the selection and promotion of role models—and expand the methodological tools of ideological and political work, relying on technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data to achieve the unity of qualitative and quantitative methods, and the integration of computational thinking and ideological and political thinking. By relying on holographic projection, virtual reality, and augmented reality, “one-dimensional, lecture-based education and teaching” can be upgraded to “multi-dimensional education and teaching narratives of sound, light, and electricity,” shifting from flat to three-dimensional, from static to dynamic, achieving immersive scenario-driven education and teaching. Second, strengthen data governance. Build a big data center for ideological and political education, establish a central “cockpit” for the integrated regulation of ideological and political data, radiate data interfaces to different scenarios of campus life, and collect data on the ideological dynamics of the educated from daily ideological and political work, ideological and political courses, and curriculum-based ideological and political education. Formulate standardized data management processes to aggregate, classify, analyze, judge, and dynamically allocate the vast educational data resources. Third, strengthen algorithm governance. Embed algorithms throughout the entire cycle from student enrollment to graduation, implanting them into various scenarios such as ideological and political course teaching, volunteer service, social practice, employment and entrepreneurship guidance, and mental health education. Reasonably regulate the gradient and dimensions of algorithms, optimize the entire algorithmic operation process of dynamic identification, classification labeling, personalized push, and information tracing, focus on the deep integration and free conversion of real space and virtual space, and achieve the organic combination of technology and emotion. Fourth, strengthen platform construction. Build a multi-system integrated ideological and political data monitoring and information service platform. For example, at the daily ideological and political level, create multi-dimensional platforms such as second transcript [3]3 The “second transcript” (第二课堂成绩单) refers to a record of students’ extracurricular activities, such as social practice, volunteer service, and club participation, used as a supplement to academic grades in China’s education system. performance management, comprehensive assessment and evaluation for awards, one-stop community education services, psychological education smart systems, and volunteer service certification, running through various interactive scenarios between school teachers and students. Strengthen the network data system for high-quality ideological and political courses [4]4 “High-quality ideological and political courses” (思政金课) is a term for exemplary, top-tier courses in ideological and political education, promoted under the “Golden Course” (金课) initiative to improve teaching quality., build an “immersive” grand ideological and political course platform, and construct a platform for a case study database of high-quality curriculum-based ideological and political education.

习近平总书记指出：“人在哪儿，宣传思想工作的重点就在哪儿，网络空间已经成为人们生产生活的新空间，那就也应该成为我们党凝聚共识的新空间。”当代青少年学生是网络新生代，思政工作自然要向学生聚集的网络平台挺进，推动思政工作体系实现传统到现代的数字化转型，让党的创新理论充分占领网络育人空间。当前，除了充分利用传统思政内容、形式和方法外，推进数字思政建设尤其要做好以下工作。一是推进方法体系创新。数字技术带来由归纳演绎向数据分析、由知识理性向计算理性、由人类认知向机器认知的知识范式转型，数字思政方法体系也处于不断的创新之中，既要秉承传统思政的谈心谈话法、典型案例法、榜样选树法等，同时也要拓展思政工作的方法工具，依托人工智能、大数据等技术实现定性方法与定量方法相统一，计算思维和思政思维相融合。依托全息投影、虚拟现实、增强现实，将“单向度、讲授式教育教学”升级为“声、光、电多维度教育教学叙事”，从平面到立体、从静态转动态，实现沉浸式场景驱动教育教学。二是加强数据治理。构建思政大数据中心，建设思政数据集成调控的中枢“驾驶舱”，将数据接口辐射至校园生活不同场景，从日常思政工作、思政课程和课程思政中采集受教育者思想动态数据。制定标准化数据管理流程，将庞杂的育人数据资源进行聚合分类、分析研判和动态调配。三是加强算法治理。算法嵌入学生入学至毕业离校全周期，植入思政课教学、志愿服务、社会实践、就业创业指导、心理健康教育等各类场景。合理调控算法梯度和维度，优化动态识别、分类标签、个性推送、信息留痕的算法运行全流程，着眼现实空间、虚拟空间的深度融合和自由转换，实现技术与情感的有机结合。四是加强平台建设。打造集多系统于一体的思政数据监测与信息服务平台，如日常思政层面，创建第二课堂成绩单管理、综合考评与评优评奖、一站式社区育人服务、心理育人智慧系统、志愿服务认证等多维平台，贯穿学校师生的各类互动场景，建强思政金课网络数据系统、“沉浸式”大思政课平台，建设精品课程思政案例库平台。

On the new journey of the New Era, thoroughly studying and implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech, doing a good job of ideological and political work in the internet era, and further advancing the construction of digital ideological and political education require not only strengthening the top-level design of digital ideological and political education, innovating concepts, content, forms, and methods, but also enhancing teachers’ digital literacy, deepening theoretical and practical research on digital ideological and political education, establishing a sustainable disciplinary theoretical system and long-term working mechanism, vigorously promoting innovation in ideological and political work, and enhancing its effectiveness.

新时代新征程，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话精神，做好互联网时代的思政工作，进一步推进数字思政建设，既需要加强数字思政的顶层设计，创新理念、内容、形式、方法，也需要加强教师的数字素养，深化数字思政理论和实践研究，建立可持续发展的学科理论体系和长效工作机制，大力推动思政工作创新，增强其实效性。

Online editor: Zhang Fujun

网络编辑：张福军