The Current Situation, Problems, and Pathways of Youth Moral Construction in the New Era

The Party and the state have always attached great importance to the moral construction of citizens, especially youth moral construction. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. clearly stated: “Implement the project of civic moral construction, promote traditional Chinese virtues, strengthen the building of family, tutoring, and family traditions, improve and develop … ideological and moral construction, promote the understanding of great virtue, observance of public virtue, and strictness in private virtue, and raise the moral standards and civilized literacy of the people.” To implement the project of civic moral construction, the joint efforts of every citizen, including youth, are required. Youth moral construction is the top priority of socialist civic moral construction. Its key tasks include consolidating the foundation of ideals and convictions, cultivating and practicing the core socialist values, inheriting traditional Chinese virtues, and promoting the national spirit and the spirit of the times. The completion of these tasks is of great significance for inheriting and promoting fine traditional Chinese culture and traditional virtues, guiding good social moral trends, boosting civic moral construction, especially youth moral construction, and promoting the healthy and comprehensive development of youth.

党和国家历来高度重视公民道德建设，尤其是青年道德建设。党的二十大报告鲜明地提出：“实施公民道德建设工程，弘扬中华传统美德，加强家庭家教家风建设，加强和改进……思想道德建设，推动明大德、守公德、严私德，提高人民道德水准和文明素养。”要实施公民道德建设工程，需要包括青年在内的每个公民的共同努力。青年道德建设是社会主义公民道德建设的重中之重，其重点任务包括筑牢理想信念之基、培育和践行社会主义核心价值观、传承中华传统美德，弘扬民族精神和时代精神。这些任务的完成对于继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化和传统美德、引领良好社会道德风尚、助推公民道德建设尤其是青年道德建设，促进青年健康全面发展都具有重要意义。

I. Analysis of the Current Situation of Youth Moral Construction

一、青年道德建设现状分析

This article adopts the age definition from the *Medium- and Long-Term Youth Development Plan (2016–2025)* [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016., namely 14–35 years old, roughly covering the “post-90s” and “post-00s” age cohorts. They can be divided into two categories: youth students and youth in the workplace. Youth students include high school students, secondary vocational school students, and university students; youth in the workplace include teachers, civil servants, military personnel, and migrant workers. Socialist morality is a multi-level, multi-domain system of moral norms centered on serving the people, based on the principle of collectivism, guided by the core socialist values, with the basic requirements of loving the motherland, the people, labor, science, and socialism, and focusing on promoting the construction of social ethics, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal morality. It includes both overarching content that runs through the main line and content that is continuously enriched and expanded as the times change, representing the unity of advanced requirements and broad applicability. Youth are the hope for the flourishing development of the Party and the people’s cause, and an important force driving China’s social development and progress. Youth moral construction refers to the process in which society primarily provides moral norms and moral education to youth, with youth’s own moral cultivation as the foundation, shaping youth’s positive moral qualities and value concepts, and improving youth’s moral quality and sense of social responsibility. Youth moral construction is an important foundation for social civilization, progress, and harmonious development, concretely manifested in youth’s understanding, emotions, will, and behavior regarding socialist morality. Strengthening youth moral construction helps youth achieve the unity of knowledge and action, promotes their comprehensive development; helps improve the overall moral situation in society, and promotes civic moral construction in the New Era.

本文对青年的界定采取《中长期青年发展规划（2016—2025年）》中的年龄限定，即14—35岁，大致包括了“90后”和“00后”这一年龄阶段。他们可以被划分为青年学生与职场青年两类，其中青年学生包括高中生、中职生、大学生等，职场青年有教师、公务员、军人、农民工等。社会主义道德主要是以为人民服务为核心，以集体主义为原则，以社会主义核心价值观为引领，以爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义为基本要求，以推进社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德建设为着力点的一套多层次、多领域的道德规范体系。它既包括贯穿主线的整体内容，也包括随着时代的变迁而不断充实与丰富的内容，是先进性要求与广泛性要求的统一。青年是党和人民事业兴旺发展的希望，是推动我国社会发展进步的重要力量，青年道德建设是指以社会对青年进行道德规范和道德教育为主，以青年自身道德涵养为根本，塑造青年积极向上的道德品质和价值观念，提高青年的道德素质和社会公德心的行为。青年道德建设是社会文明进步与和谐发展的重要基础，具体体现为青年对社会主义道德的认识、情感、意志和行为。加强青年道德建设有助于青年实现知行合一，促进青年全面发展；有助于改善社会道德状况，促进新时代公民道德建设。

The overall trend of contemporary youth moral construction is positive. “The ideological and political outlook of youth is generally healthy and upward; they support the leadership of the Communist Party of China and are full of confidence in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics … The level of civility among youth groups is continuously improving … They realize their own growth and development in the process of serving the motherland, serving the people, and contributing to society.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “Looking back over a hundred years, no matter the changes and vicissitudes, the sincere pursuit of Chinese youth to love the Party, the country, and the people has never changed, and their unwavering original aspiration to listen to the Party and follow the Party has never changed.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. Not only do they strive and contribute in ordinary positions, but they also “always step forward when the motherland and the people need them, consciously shoulder responsibilities, selflessly contribute, and fearlessly move forward, demonstrating the drive, sharpness, and responsibility that the younger generation should possess”; [5]5 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “Whether in cities or villages, enterprises or schools, youth consciously combine correct moral cognition, conscious moral cultivation, and active moral practice, take the lead in advocating an upward and good social atmosphere, and shape new trends in social civility,” [6]6 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. becoming practitioners and promoters of the core socialist values. The New Era has produced a large number of youth role models, such as the heroes who sacrificed their young lives in flood relief and disaster response, Huang Wenxiu [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. who dedicated her youth and life to grassroots work, and Zhou Chengyu [8]8 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016., a highly competent instructor at the Wenchang Space Launch Site, who have made significant contributions to the country. This is concretely manifested in four aspects of youth: socialist moral cognition, moral emotion, moral will, and moral behavior.

当代青年道德建设的整体趋势是向好的。“青年的思想政治面貌总体健康向上，拥护中国共产党的领导，对中国特色社会主义事业充满信心……青年群体文明程度不断提升……在报效祖国、服务人民、奉献社会的过程中实现着自身的成长发展。”“回首百年，无论风云变幻、沧海桑田，中国青年爱党、爱国、爱人民的赤诚追求始终未改，坚定不移听党话、跟党走的忠贞初心始终未变”，不仅在平凡岗位上奋斗奉献，而且“总能够在祖国和人民需要的时候挺身而出，自觉扛起责任，无私奉献，无畏向前，彰显青年一代应有的闯劲、锐气和担当”；“无论在城镇还是乡村、企业还是学校，青年都自觉把正确的道德认知、自觉的道德养成、积极的道德实践紧密结合起来，带头倡导向上向善社会风气、塑造社会文明新风尚”，成为社会主义核心价值观的实践者、推广者。新时代涌现出了一大批青年榜样，如在抗洪救灾中奉献出年轻生命的英雄们、将青春与生命奉献给基层的黄文秀、素质过硬的文昌发射场指导员周承钰等，他们为国家作出重大贡献。这具体表现在青年的社会主义道德认识、道德情感、道德意志、道德行为四个方面。

1. Moral Cognition

1．道德认识

The overall situation of youth’s recognition and approval of the collectivist principle, the core socialist values, and social ethics within socialist morality is relatively good. Although contemporary youth pursue equality and individuality more, they still follow and recognize the collectivist principle. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016., with the whole society actively advocating and cultivating the core socialist values, the cognition of the core socialist values among youth groups, especially civil servants and students, is significantly higher than that of other social groups. In addition, the overall cognition of social ethics such as helping others, caring for the environment, and acting bravely for a just cause is also relatively good among student groups.

青年对社会主义道德中集体主义原则、社会主义核心价值观和社会公德等的认知认可情况总体状况较好。当代青年虽更加追求平等和个性，但仍遵循和认可集体主义原则。党的十八大以来，在全社会积极倡导和培育社会主义核心价值观，青年群体特别是公务人员和学生群体对社会主义核心价值观的认知明显高于其他社会群体。此外，学生群体对助人为乐、爱护环境、见义勇为等社会公德的认知状况总体上也较好。

2. Moral Emotion

2.道德情感

Youth’s socialist moral emotions are rich and generally good. With the continuous development and improvement of socialist construction, the advantages of the socialist system have become increasingly prominent. China’s achievements have continuously elevated youth’s socialist moral emotions: collectivism is deeply rooted in people’s hearts, patriotic sentiment is high, and the awareness of mutual assistance, unity, and dedication is stronger. In particular, the rise of patriotic youth in the New Era has become a striking phenomenon, “constantly manifesting a distinct temperament of patriotic spirit,” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. greatly enhancing youth’s emotional identification with socialist morality. Youth’s expression of patriotic emotions has become more normalized. In cyberspace, they often spontaneously initiate patriotic actions. Words like “motherland,” “China,” “respect,” and “pride” have become high-frequency terms in bullet comments, expressing youth’s pride in and praise for the country’s strength, as well as the resulting sense of security and trust.

青年的社会主义道德情感丰富且整体较好。随着社会主义建设的不断发展与完善，社会主义制度的优势愈加突显，中国取得的成就让青年的社会主义道德情感不断升华，集体主义深入人心、爱国情绪高涨、互助团结和奉献意识更强等，特别是新时代爱国青年的崛起成为引人瞩目的现象，“时刻彰显着鲜明的爱国主义精神气质”，极大地提高了青年对社会主义道德的情感认同。青年爱国情感的流露更加常态化，在网络空间中还经常自发地发起爱国行动，“祖国”“中国”“尊敬”“自豪”等成为弹幕中的高频词，表达出青年对国家强盛的自豪、赞扬以及由此生发出的安心、信任等。

3. Moral Will

3.道德意志

Youth’s socialist moral will shows a gradually improving trend. In real life, most youth maintain a positive attitude towards future moral life. When faced with immoral social phenomena such as staged accidents for extortion, breach of trust, and corruption, they still firmly uphold socialist moral will, consciously, decisively, and kindly caring for others. From young doctors kneeling to save people in subway stations, “post-00s” university students donating hematopoietic stem cells, delivery riders saving people during deliveries, to “post-90s” workers climbing a six-story building with bare hands to rescue a child during a fire, these examples show that young people are not influenced by some unhealthy moral trends in society; they unhesitatingly help others and dedicate themselves to achieve their moral goals.

青年的社会主义道德意志表现出逐渐向好的趋势。在现实生活中，大部分青年对未来道德生活保持积极的心态，面对碰瓷、失信、贪污等不道德的社会现象依然坚定社会主义道德意志，自觉、果断、善意地关爱他人。从地铁站内跪身救人的年轻医生、捐献造血干细胞的“00后”大学生、送餐途中救人的快递小哥到“90后”工人遇火灾徒手爬6楼救幼童等，这些都可以看出青年人不受社会上一些不良道德风气的影响，义无反顾地帮助他人、奉献自己，实现自己的道德目标。

4. Moral Behavior

4.道德行为

Youth demonstrate their moral strength through concrete actions. Most youth abide by moral norms, uphold moral bottom lines, clearly understand the value and significance of their moral behavior, and actively participate in moral practice. Currently, a large number of young people respond to the call of the Party and the state, take root in impoverished mountainous areas, and promote agricultural and rural development; rush to youth-development-oriented cities to be more proactive in urban construction; and devote themselves to key fields, working hard in areas such as aerospace and healthcare. Even in ordinary positions, young people participate in volunteer services and online and offline public welfare activities, help vulnerable groups, speak up for those in need, pursue fairness and justice, and use what they have learned to give back to society and contribute to others. “As of the end of 2021, the number of registered volunteers aged 14 to 35 in the National Volunteer Service Information System exceeded 90 million … The China Young Volunteers Poverty Alleviation Relay Program Graduate Teaching Group and the College Students Volunteer Service ‘Western Plan’ have dispatched more than 410,000 graduate students and university graduates over 18 consecutive years to more than 2,100 counties (cities, districts, banners) in the central and western regions to carry out volunteer services such as poverty alleviation education and health services.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities,” December 7, 2016.

青年用实际行动彰显其道德力量。大部分青年遵守道德规范，坚守道德底线，清楚自己道德行为的价值与意义，主动参与道德实践。当前，一大批青年人响应党和国家的号召，扎根于贫困山区，助推农业农村发展；奔赴于青年发展型城市，在城市建设中更有为；投身于关键领域，在航天、医疗等事业中艰苦奋斗。即使处在平凡的岗位上，青年人也参加志愿服务和线上线下的公益活动，帮助弱势群体，并为需要帮助的人发声，追求公平与正义，用自身所学所得回报社会、奉献他人。“截至2021年底，全国志愿服务信息系统中14岁至35岁的注册志愿者已超过9000万人……中国青年志愿者扶贫接力计划研究生支教团、大学生志愿服务‘西部计划’连续18年派遣41万余名研究生、大学毕业生，到中西部2100多个县（市区旗）开展扶贫支教、卫生医疗等志愿服务。”

II. Current Problems in Youth Moral Construction

二、当前青年道德建设存在的问题

The overall situation of youth moral construction is relatively good, but compared with the higher moral requirements and expectations placed on youth in the New Era, there are still many problems in youth moral construction.

青年道德建设的整体状况较好，但与新时代对青年有更高的道德要求和期待相比，青年道德建设中仍存在不少问题。

1. Some Youth Have a Shallow Rational Understanding of Socialist Morality

1．部分青年社会主义道德理性认识不深

Some young people’s understanding of the content of socialist morality remains insufficiently deep, still lingering at a superficial grasp of concepts, making it difficult for them to genuinely identify with socialist morality. Some young people have an unclear understanding of the value of socialist morality. Seeing that under the conditions of the socialist market economy some individuals’ selfish desires have swelled and unethical incidents occur frequently, they begin to endorse the “theory of the uselessness of morality” and “economic determinism,” denying the regulatory role of socialist morality in the state of social morality. They believe that socialist moral construction can wait until the economy is developed, ignoring the significance of socialist morality for the healthy development of the socialist market economy and the moral achievements already made through socialist moral construction. Within socialist morality, requirements of both advanced nature and broad applicability coexist: the advanced-nature requirements are higher demands on advanced individuals and groups such as certain leading cadres and Party members, while the broad-applicability requirements apply to everyone. Some young people blindly measure everyone by the advanced-nature requirements, and when these requirements do not match reality, they begin to doubt the practical significance of socialist morality. Some young people’s understanding of the value of socialist morality remains at the stage of perceptual cognition.

一些青年对社会主义道德内容的认识仍不够深入，还停留于对概念的肤浅认识，难以真正地认同社会主义道德。一些青年对社会主义道德的价值认识不清。他们看到社会主义市场经济条件下一些人私欲膨胀，不道德事件频发，开始认同“道德无用论”“经济决定论”，否认社会主义道德对社会道德状况的调节作用，认为等到经济发达时再进行社会主义道德建设也不迟，忽略了社会主义道德对于社会主义市场经济健康发展的意义以及社会主义道德建设所取得的道德成就。社会主义道德中先进性与广泛性要求并存，先进性要求是对一些领导干部、党员等先进个人与群体的更高要求，广泛性要求是对所有人的要求。有的青年盲目地用先进性要求来衡量每一个人，当先进性要求与现实不符时，就怀疑社会主义道德的现实意义。一些青年对社会主义道德的价值认识还停留在感性认识阶段。

2. Some young people’s sublimation of socialist moral sentiment is insufficient

2．一些青年社会主义道德情感升华不够

First, young people’s socialist moral sentiment develops unevenly. Currently, some young people’s socialist moral sentiment still shows differences across various emotional factors and groups; this emotional imbalance is detrimental to young people’s sublimation of socialist moral sentiment. For example, in terms of the sense of fairness, young people have the lowest sense of fairness regarding wealth and income distribution and the highest sense of fairness regarding the college entrance examination system; in terms of the sense of security, young people have the highest sense of security regarding personal and family property and the lowest regarding food safety; in terms of the sense of family responsibility, personnel in administrative or public institutions perform generally better than freelancers, corporate employees, and migrant workers. This emotional imbalance makes it difficult for some young people’s socialist moral sentiment to achieve sublimation and comprehensive development.

一是青年的社会主义道德情感发展不平衡。当前，一些青年的社会主义道德情感在不同的情感因子和群体中还存在差异，这种情感上的不平衡性不利于青年升华社会主义道德情感。如在公平感方面，青年对财富与收入分配的公平感最低，对高考制度的公平感最高；在安全感方面，青年对个人和家庭财产的安全感最高，对食品的安全感最低；在家庭责任感方面，行政或事业单位人员比自由职业者、企业员工、外出务工人员等的总体表现更加良好。这种情感不平衡会让部分青年的社会主义道德情感难以得到升华和全面发展。

Second, some young people’s socialist moral sentiment still contains certain negative factors. First, some young people, disregarding historical facts, use their subjective moral sentiments to deconstruct the authority and value of socialist morality. Some young people are keen on anecdotes and trivial matters about figures from the Republic of China period [12]12 “Red river and mountains” (红色江山) is a metaphorical term for the political power established by the Communist Party of China through revolution, often used to emphasize the need to pass on revolutionary traditions to future generations., extolling the elite culture of that era while ignoring the plight of the people at the time; for the sake of celebrity worship, they exploit national suffering and national humiliation as jokes, trampling on moral bottom lines. Patriotism is the greatest morality; history must not be desecrated. National heroes embody the nation’s moral ideals and national spirit and serve as moral models for the entire society; slandering national heroes erodes the people’s socialist moral sentiment. Second, there is blind admiration for Western moral culture. The liberalism, individualism, and egoism promoted in Western moral culture impact socialist moral concepts. Under the influence of diverse moral values today, especially with the imposition of Western cultural hegemony, some young people lack rationality in dealing with Western moral culture, fail to adopt a dialectical and critical attitude, copy it wholesale, and take Western moral standards as their own. For example, under the erosion of cultural products such as Hollywood blockbusters, Japanese anime, and Korean dramas, some young people believe that Chinese moral culture is inferior to Western moral culture, and even maliciously disparage Chinese moral culture to elevate Western moral culture. Any deviation from the socialist moral stance or any act of self-diminishment in morality is a trampling on socialist moral sentiment.

二是青年的社会主义道德情感还存在一些消极因素。一是当前一些青年不顾历史事实，用自我的主观道德情感解构社会主义道德的权威性及价值意义。一些青年热衷于民国人物的奇闻轶事，吹捧民国的精英文化，忽视当时人民的困境；为追星用民族苦难和国耻作梗，践踏道德底线。爱国是最大的道德，历史不容亵渎，民族英雄是国家道德理想和民族精神的体现，是全社会的道德榜样，对民族英雄的抹黑是在消解民众的社会主义道德情感。二是盲目推崇西方道德文化。西方道德文化中推崇的自由主义、个人主义、利己主义冲击着社会主义道德观念。当前在多元道德价值观的影响下，特别是在西方文化霸权主义的推行下，一些青年在对待西方道德文化时，缺乏理性，没有采取辩证学习的态度，照搬照抄，以西方的道德标准为标准。例如，一些青年在美国好莱坞大片、日本动漫、韩剧等文化产品的侵蚀下，认为中国道德文化不如西方道德文化，甚至恶意贬低中国道德文化来抬高西方道德文化。任何偏离社会主义道德立场、矮化自我道德的行为都是对社会主义道德情感的践踏。

3. Some young people’s socialist moral will is wavering and unstable

3．一些青年社会主义道德意志动摇不坚

First, the self-consciousness of socialist moral will is insufficient. A firm socialist moral will requires young people to consciously take the realization of socialist moral goals as the motive for their moral behavior. However, currently, some young people’s moral motives are utilitarian, pursuing the maximization of personal interests, obtaining related benefits and honors, and achieving a perfect self-image of morality. For instance, some young people participate in volunteer activities for utilitarian purposes rather than consciously practicing socialist morality. Some young people set finding a good job and having a considerable income as their life goals while neglecting their social responsibilities. Some civil servants enter the system solely because of stable income, high social status, and promising prospects, rather than genuinely serving the people; among the new generation of migrant workers, most take “earning enough money to make myself and my family live better” as their life goal. Therefore, the self-consciousness of some young people in strengthening their socialist moral will still needs improvement.

第一，社会主义道德意志的自觉性不够。坚定的社会主义道德意志要求青年自觉地将社会主义道德目标的实现作为自己道德行为的动机，但当前部分青年道德动机功利化，追求个人利益的最大化，获得相关的利益、荣誉，实现自我道德形象的圆满等。如有的青年出于功利目的参与志愿活动，而不是自觉地践行社会主义道德。有的青年将找个好工作、有一份可观的收入作为奋斗目标，而忽视自我的社会责任。一些公务员进入体制内的原因仅仅是因为其收入稳定，社会地位较高、前途光明等，并非真正为人民服务；在新生代农民工中，大多数将“赚足够多的钱，让自己和家人过得更好”作为人生目标。因而，一些青年坚定社会主义道德意志的自觉性还需提高。

Second, the decisiveness of socialist moral will is lacking. First, there is hesitation in moral choices. Influenced by negative factors such as “staged accidents” and “blackmail,” some young people, fearing that their moral behavior might harm their own interests and unwilling to take risks, hesitate over the question of “whether to help someone who has fallen.” Second, there is hasty determination of moral positions. Some social events are hyped online, and their rightness or wrongness often cannot be judged rashly based on fragmentary information; the truth often reverses as events unfold. Yet some young people blindly follow public opinion, echoing others without questioning right and wrong, and casually changing their positions. This reflects a lack of willpower to make moral choices based on socialist moral criteria and to adhere to them firmly.

第二，社会主义道德意志的果断性欠缺。一是道德选择犹豫不决。一些青年由于受到一些“碰瓷”“讹诈”等不良因素的影响，害怕自己的道德行为会给自身利益带来损害，不愿承担风险而在“扶不扶”问题上犹豫不决。二是草率决定道德立场。一些社会事件在网络上受到炒作，其是非对错常常不能根据片段信息而妄下决断，事件前后对错常有反转，而一些青年盲目跟随舆论，不问是非地附和别人，随意改变自己的立场，这体现出一些青年缺乏根据社会主义道德准则作出道德选择并坚定它的意志力。

Third, the tenacity of socialist moral will is insufficient. Some young people lack the tenacity to strengthen their socialist moral will. When making moral choices or engaging in moral behavior, they waver under the influence of subjective and objective factors such as personal interests, actual social conditions, or obstacles encountered in moral practice, prioritizing gains and losses of personal interests. Some young people apply “double standards” in moral judgment: while detesting corruption and abuse of power, they simultaneously hope that they themselves, their relatives, and friends can benefit from such practices. Some young people’s moral choices are easily influenced by others. Some young people’s socialist moral behavior lacks continuity.

第三，社会主义道德意志的坚韧性不够。一些青年缺乏坚定社会主义道德意志的坚韧性，在做道德选择或行为时，受到个人利益、社会现实状况或道德践行中的阻碍等主客观因素的影响而产生动摇的心理，将个人利益的得失放在首位。一些青年在道德判断上“双标”，一边痛恨贪污腐败、滥用私权等，一边又希望自己和亲人、朋友等能从中获利。一些青年的道德选择容易受他人影响。一些青年的社会主义道德行为缺乏持续性。

Fourth, the self-control of socialist moral will is insufficient. Some people develop patriotic emotions into extreme nationalism; some young people abuse the internet to spread rumors and make inappropriate remarks online. Regarding incidents such as child abuse, rape, and domestic violence appearing online, some young people, without understanding the full context of the events, make excessive reactions and engage in online violence. Some young people are overly sensitive and impulsive, lacking the self-control to regulate their moral emotions and moral behavior according to socialist moral norms, making it difficult to maintain a stable psychological and behavioral state.

第四，社会主义道德意志的自制力不足。有人将爱国情绪发展成极端的民族主义；一些青年在网络上滥用网络造谣、发表不当言论。一些青年对于网络上出现的虐待儿童、强奸、家暴等事件在没了解事情原委的情形下，就做出一些过激的反应，实施网络暴力；一些青年过于敏感、冲动，缺乏用社会主义道德规范自身道德情绪和道德行为的自制力，很难保持稳定的心理与行为状态。

4. Some young people’s practice of socialist moral behavior is ineffective

4．一些青年社会主义道德行为践行不力

First, there is a lack of self-knowledge in practicing socialist morality. This manifests as some young people, in the process of practicing socialist morality, blindly and mistakenly believing that their own moral behavior conforms to socialist morality. Some even ignore the boundaries and bottom lines of morality, reflecting a lack of self-knowledge in using socialist morality to examine their own moral behavior. In specific moral situations, some young people do not know whether their moral behavior meets socialist moral standards, falling into a state of confusion about what to do. In real life, they overemphasize competition while neglecting mutual help and common progress in study and work; some young people, under extreme competitive pressure, only want to be “Buddhist-style youths” [13]13 “Let educators be educated first” (让教育者先受教育) is a principle in Chinese political education, meaning that those who teach must themselves undergo thorough ideological and theoretical training before instructing others. and live a “lying flat” [14]14 “Lying flat” (躺平) is a Chinese internet term describing a lifestyle of minimal effort and withdrawal from societal expectations of hard work, competition, and upward mobility, often as a form of passive resistance to social pressures. life, which reflects insufficient self-knowledge of their own socialist moral behavior.

一是缺乏践行社会主义道德的自知性。表现为一些青年在践行社会主义道德的过程中，盲目、错误地认为自我道德行为是符合社会主义道德的，甚至有的青年忽视了道德的边界与底线，这体现了一些青年缺乏用社会主义道德观照自身道德行为的自知性。一些青年在具体的道德情境中，不知自身的道德行为是否符合社会主义道德标准，陷入一种不知如何是好的困惑状态，现实生活中过于强调竞争而忽视了在学习与工作中相互帮助、共同进步；有的青年在极度的竞争压力下只想做一个“佛系青年”，过上“躺平”的生活，这体现了青年对自身社会主义道德行为的自知性不足。

Second, there is a lack of autonomy in practicing socialist morality. “If it’s not my business, I’ll leave it alone” — turning a blind eye to moral anomie, resulting in moral indifference. Some students have a weak awareness of resource waste, ignoring phenomena such as “lights left on all night” and “taps left running.” Highly individualized moral psychology and behavior lead some young people to focus only on their own morality: as long as their own behavior is moral, whether others are moral or not is none of their concern. They believe that even if they stop immoral behavior, the perpetrators will not change their ideas and behavioral habits. Therefore, when they see someone cutting in line, they choose not to remind them; when they see someone damaging public property, they also turn a blind eye. The lack of moral behavior among some young people, manifested as “civilized indifference,” deeply reflects a lack of autonomy in practicing socialist morality.

二是缺乏践行社会主义道德的自主性。“事不关己，高高挂起”，对道德失范现象视而不见，出现道德漠视的情况。有的学生对资源浪费现象意识淡薄，对“长明灯、长流水”等现象视而不见。极具个性化的道德心理与行为让一些青年人只关注自我道德，只要自己的行为是道德的，那别人道德与否就与我无关。他们认为，即使阻止不道德行为，不道德行为的实施者也不会改变自己的思想观念与行为习惯，所以他们看到有人插队，也选择不去提醒；看见有人损坏公物，也视而不见。一些青年在道德行为上的缺失，展现出的“文明式冷漠”，深层次地体现出一些青年缺乏践行社会主义道德的自主性。

Third, there is a lack of self-discipline in practicing socialist morality. Youth should abide by socialist moral norms, and even when unsupervised, they should be able to exclude interference from subjective and objective factors, exercising self-restraint and self-management over their own moral behavior. Some young people lack moral self-discipline in cyberspace, indulging in online games, browsing harmful online information, posting uncivil comments online, and even engaging in online infringement, online tipping, and cyberbullying. These phenomena of online anomie violate the network social ethics within socialist morality.

三是缺乏践行社会主义道德的自律性。青年应遵守社会主义道德规范，即使在无人监督的情况下依然能够排除主客观因素的干扰，对自我道德行为进行自我约束、自我管理。一些青年人在网络空间里缺乏道德自律，沉迷网络游戏、浏览网络不良信息、发表网络不文明言论，甚至还有一些网络侵权、网络打赏、网络暴力行为等，这些网络失范现象违背了社会主义道德中的网络社会公德。

III. Pathway Analysis for Strengthening Youth Moral Construction

三、加强青年道德建设的路径分析

In the process of youth moral construction, there exist problems such as insufficient moral rational cognition, inadequate emotional sublimation, unsteady moral will, and weak moral conduct. The main reasons lie in unsteady ideals and convictions, deficiencies in school moral education, the absence of family education, the influence of negative factors in the social environment, and the need for youth themselves to improve their moral cultivation. In order to achieve unity in moral knowledge, emotion, will, and action in youth moral construction, youth moral construction should firmly follow the pathways below.

青年道德建设进程中存在着道德理性认识不足、情感升华不够、意志动摇不坚、行为践行不力的问题，其主要原因在于理想信念不坚定、学校道德教育的不足、家庭教育缺位，社会环境中的负面因素影响，青年自身道德素养有待于提升等。为了使青年道德建设在知情意行中达成统一，青年道德建设应坚定遵从以下路径。

1. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

1．以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导

As the Marxism of contemporary China and Marxism of the 21st century, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the inheritance and development of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, the crystallization of the practical experience and collective wisdom of the Party and the people, and the guiding ideology that the Party and the state must uphold for a long time. Naturally, it is also the guiding ideology that should be upheld for youth moral construction in the New Era.

作为当代中国马克思主义、21世纪马克思主义，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观的继承和发展，是马克思主义中国化时代化最新成果，是党和人民实践经验和集体智慧的结晶，是党和国家必须长期坚持的指导思想，理所当然也是新时代青年道德建设应坚持的指导思想。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “Young people in the New Era in China should consciously establish and practice the core socialist values, be adept at drawing moral nourishment from the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, feel moral models from heroes and role models of the times, enhance moral cultivation through self-reflection, understand great virtues, uphold public virtues, and strictly observe private virtues, and consciously resist erroneous ideas such as money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism, and historical nihilism”; “They should take the prosperity of the country and the happiness of the people as their own responsibility, cherish ideals and lofty aspirations, devote themselves to the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive for it throughout their lives”; “They should strengthen ideological and moral cultivation, consciously promote the spirit of patriotism and collectivism, and consciously abide by social ethics, professional ethics, and family virtues”; “They should closely combine correct moral cognition, conscious moral cultivation, and active moral practice… take the lead in advocating good social customs”; “Traditional Chinese family virtues such as respecting the elderly and loving the young, a virtuous wife and a kind husband, a loving mother and filial children, brotherly harmony, passing down farming and reading traditions, being diligent and thrifty in managing the household, being knowledgeable and courteous, abiding by laws and regulations, and harmony in the family bringing prosperity to everything, are engraved in the hearts of the Chinese people and integrated into their blood. They are an important spiritual force supporting the continuous vitality and passing down of the Chinese nation from generation to generation, and are valuable spiritual wealth for the construction of family civilization”; and so on. These important expositions have pointed the direction for youth moral construction. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, formally proposed at the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideology, and Cultural Work in October 2023, not only emphasizes cultural education but also emphasizes fostering virtue through education, including cultivating and practicing the core socialist values, and guiding the younger generation to correctly understand, inherit, and develop culture. This is more closely and directly related to youth moral construction, and is more targeted. It advocates regarding the core socialist values as the soul of cultural soft power and the focus of cultural soft power construction, advocates basing this on the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and advocates integrating the cultivation and promotion of the core socialist values into all aspects of social life. This further clarifies the direction of youth moral construction in the New Era. Youth moral construction in the New Era must be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

习近平总书记指出，“新时代中国青年要自觉树立和践行社会主义核心价值观，善于从中华民族传统美德中汲取道德滋养，从英雄人物和时代楷模的身上感受道德风范，从自身内省中提升道德修为，明大德、守公德、严私德，自觉抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义、历史虚无主义等错误思想”；“要以国家富强、人民幸福为己任，胸怀理想、志存高远，投身中国特色社会主义伟大实践，并为之终生奋斗”；“要加强思想道德修养，自觉弘扬爱国主义、集体主义精神，自觉遵守社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德”；“要把正确的道德认知、自觉的道德养成、积极的道德实践紧密结合起来……带头倡导良好社会风气”；“尊老爱幼、妻贤夫安，母慈子孝、兄友弟恭，耕读传家、勤俭持家，知书达礼、遵纪守法，家和万事兴等中华民族传统家庭美德，铭记在中国人的心灵中，融入中国人的血脉中，是支撑中华民族生生不息、薪火相传的重要精神力量，是家庭文明建设的宝贵精神财富”；等等。这些重要论述给青年道德建设指明了方向。在2023年10月全国宣传思想文化工作会议上正式提出的习近平文化思想，不仅强调文化育人，更强调立德树人，包括培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，引领青年一代正确认识、传承、发展文化等主要内容。这与青年道德建设的关联性更强、更直接，也更具有针对性，倡导把核心价值观看作文化软实力的灵魂和文化软实力建设的重点，主张立足中华优秀传统文化，把培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观贯穿于社会生活方方面面，这更加明确了新时代青年道德建设的指向，新时代青年道德建设必须以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导。

2. With Upholding the Party’s Leadership as the Prerequisite

2．以坚持党的领导为前提

Only by upholding the Party’s leadership can the moral construction of citizens, including youth, ensure the correct direction and promote the comprehensive development of all undertakings of socialism with Chinese characteristics. History has proven that only the Communist Party of China can lead the people of the whole country to achieve national independence, people’s liberation, national unity, social stability, and people’s happiness. Citizen moral construction, broadly speaking, falls under ideological work. Ideological work is an extremely important task for the Party. The Party must firmly grasp the leadership over ideological work and consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field. In the New Era, the Communist Party of China faces more complex domestic and international situations, and it is even more necessary to strengthen ideological dominance and proactively enhance the leadership ability and dominant ability in ideological work. Youth moral construction in the New Era means mobilizing and leading youth to resolutely uphold and realize the Party’s leadership ideologically, including the Party’s leadership over ideological work such as citizen moral construction. This is a specific requirement of the Party’s leadership in the ideological field and the field of ideological and political education. Through guiding youth ideologically and in terms of values, enabling them to intensively read Marxist classics, grasp the core of the Marxist scientific ideological system, and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in thought, politics, and action, the new missions and new tasks of youth moral construction under the background of the New Era are to be completed.

只有坚持党的领导，包括青年在内的公民道德建设才能保障正确的方向，才能推动中国特色社会主义各项事业的全面发展。历史证明，只有中国共产党才能带领全国人民实现民族独立、人民解放、国家统一、社会稳定和人民幸福。公民道德建设从大的方面来看属于意识形态工作，意识形态工作是党的一项极端重要的工作，党要牢牢掌握意识形态工作领导权，巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位。在新时代中国共产党面临更加复杂的国内外形势，更需要增强意识形态主导权，主动提高意识形态工作领导能力和主导能力。新时代青年道德建设就是要动员和带领青年在思想上坚决维护和实现党的领导，包括党对公民道德建设等意识形态工作的领导，这是党的领导在意识形态领域及思想政治教育领域的具体要求，通过对青年的思想引领和价值引导，让其精读马列经典，掌握马克思主义科学思想体系的内核，自觉在思想上、政治上、行动上同党中央保持高度一致，完成新时代背景下的青年道德建设新使命新任务。

Only by upholding the Party’s leadership can the core concept of citizen moral construction—serving the people—be established. The fundamental political stance of the Party is the people’s stance. Serving the people is the core of moral construction. Putting the people first is a moral belief and an important force driving social progress and human civilization. Only by upholding the Party’s leadership can the people’s stance be firmly held and the moral belief in putting the people first be upheld. Serving the people is not only the great practice of the Communist Party of China combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete practice of China’s revolution, construction, and reform, but also the concentrated expression of the purpose of the Communist Party of China and socialist morality, and a moral requirement jointly observed by all citizens. The mission of Chinese youth in the New Era is to, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, temper their moral character together with the people, actively embrace the New Era and forge ahead in the New Era, and let their youth radiate a more brilliant luster in serving the people and in dedicating themselves to the motherland, the nation, and humanity.

只有坚持党的领导，才能树立公民道德建设的核心理念——为人民服务。党的根本政治立场就是人民立场，为人民服务是道德建设的核心。人民至上是一种道德信仰，也是推动社会进步和人类文明的重要力量。只有坚持党的领导，才能站稳人民立场，才能坚守人民至上的道德信仰。为人民服务，不仅是中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命、建设、改革的具体实践相结合的伟大实践，也是中国共产党的宗旨和社会主义道德的集中体现，是全体公民共同遵循的道德要求。新时代中国青年的使命，就是坚持在中国共产党领导下，同人民一起，锤炼品德修为，积极拥抱新时代、奋进新时代，让青春在为人民服务中，为祖国、为民族、为人类的奉献中焕发出更加绚丽的光彩。

3. With Family Education as the Support

3.以家庭教育为支撑

Moral education is the top priority of family education. “Family education involves many aspects, but the most important is character education, the education of how to be a person.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “Only when families are harmonious, family education is good, and family traditions are upright can children grow up healthily and society develop healthily.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “All families should emphasize teaching by precept and example, teaching knowledge and cultivating character,” guiding “family members, especially the next generation, to love the Party, love the motherland, love the people, and love the Chinese nation.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. Attention must be paid to the construction of family traditions. “Family tradition is the spiritual core of a family and also a microcosm of a society’s values. Good family traditions and family virtues are precisely the direct embodiment of the core socialist values in real life.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “If family traditions are good, the family will prosper, be harmonious and happy,” and “only when the family traditions of millions of families are good and children are well-educated can there be a foundation for good social atmosphere.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “The family traditions of leading cadres are related not only to their own families but also to the Party’s conduct and government conduct.” [6]6 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “We should guide women to drive family members to carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, such as respecting the elderly and loving the young, equality between men and women, harmony between husband and wife, diligence and thrift in household management, and neighborly unity, resist unhealthy tendencies, promote clean and upright practices, and support a good social atmosphere with good family traditions.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “We should educate the vast number of women to carry forward the fine tradition of the Chinese nation of hard work and self-reliance, establish a correct worldview, outlook on life, and value system, never pursue luxury and enjoyment, never pursue ill-gotten gains, consciously resist decadent lifestyles, resolutely oppose money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism, feudal superstition, pornography, gambling, drug abuse, and other social evils, pursue a positive, uplifting, civilized, and noble life, and promote the formation of good social customs.” [8]8 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. We must educate and guide young people to “consciously assume family responsibilities and establish good family traditions.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. “In cultivating good family traditions, the older generation of revolutionaries set an example for us. Every leading cadre must place the construction of family traditions in an important position, cultivate integrity in self-cultivation and family management, and while managing themselves well, strictly demand their spouses, children, and staff.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the First National Conference on Civilized Families,” December 12, 2016. Through family education and the construction of family traditions, we cultivate the moral character of young people, advocate modern family civilization concepts, and promote the formation of a new socialist family civilization trend that loves the country and the family, cherishes each other, strives for the good, and builds and shares together.

道德教育是家庭教育的重中之重。“家庭教育涉及很多方面，但最重要的是品德教育，是如何做人的教育。”“家庭和睦、家教良好、家风端正，子女才能健康成长，社会才能健康发展。”“广大家庭都要重言传、重身教，教知识、育品德”，引导“家庭成员特别是下一代热爱党、热爱祖国、热爱人民、热爱中华民族”。要重视家风建设。“家风是一个家庭的精神内核，也是一个社会的价值缩影，良好家风和家庭美德正是社会主义核心价值观在现实生活中的直接体现。”“家风好，就能家道兴盛、和顺美满”，“千千万万个家庭的家风好，子女教育得好，社会风气好才有基础”。“领导干部的家风，不仅关系自己的家庭，而且关系党风政风。”“要引导妇女带动家庭成员，发扬尊老爱幼、男女平等、夫妻和睦、勤俭持家、邻里团结等中华民族传统美德，抵制歪风邪气，弘扬清风正气，以好的家风支撑起好的社会风气。”“要教育广大妇女发扬中华民族吃苦耐劳、自强不息的优良传统，树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，千万不要去追求奢华享受，千万不要去追求不义之财，自觉抵制腐朽的生活方式，坚决反对拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义和封建迷信、黄赌毒等社会丑恶现象，追求积极向上、文明高尚的生活，促进形成良好社会风尚。”要教育引导青少年“自觉承担家庭责任、树立良好家风”。“在培育良好家风方面，老一辈革命家为我们作出了榜样。每一位领导干部都要把家风建设摆在重要位置，廉洁修身、廉洁齐家，在管好自己的同时，严格要求配偶、子女和身边工作人员。”通过家庭教育和家风建设，涵育青少年的道德品行，倡导现代家庭文明观念，推动形成爱国爱家、相亲相爱、向上向善、共建共享的社会主义家庭文明新风尚。

4. Taking School Education as the Main Channel

4.以学校教育为主渠道

First, we must enrich and expand educational content, integrate fostering virtue through education throughout the entire process of school education, and place the work of strengthening students’ ideological and moral construction in a position equal to or even more important than academic performance.

第一，要丰富和拓展教育内容，把立德树人贯穿学校教育全过程，把加强学生思想道德建设工作摆在与学习成绩同等重要甚至更重要的位置。

First, take ideals and beliefs as the core educational content to guide students to understand great virtue. Schools should take the establishment of the Marxist worldview and methodology, the mastery of the scientific nature and truth of Marxist theory, the making of the lofty ideal of communism as a lifelong goal of struggle, the adherence to the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics to realize the Chinese Dream, the firming of confidence in reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and the adherence to the leadership of the Communist Party of China as the main content of ideals and beliefs education. Educate students to thoroughly read and understand the basic theories of Marxism, especially Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, master the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, guide students to strive, help students overcome difficulties, ensure the socialist direction of youth moral construction, and at the same time, systematically criticize Western moral culture and strengthen the socialist moral stance of young people.

一是以理想信念为核心教育内容，引导学生明大德。学校要以树立马克思主义的世界观和方法论，掌握马克思主义理论的科学性和真理性，把共产主义远大理想作为终生奋斗的目标，坚持中国特色社会主义共同理想实现中国梦，坚定改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的信心，坚持中国共产党的领导等为理想信念教育的主要内容，教育学生读懂弄通马克思主义基本理论特别是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，学会马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，引导学生奋斗、帮助学生战胜困难，保证青年道德建设的社会主义方向，与此同时，系统批判西方道德文化，坚定青年的社会主义道德立场。

Second, take civility and politeness, helping others, caring for public property, protecting the environment, and abiding by laws and regulations as educational content to guide students to observe public morality. Social morality is a sign of a nation’s progress. Through social morality education, schools guide students to affirm, maintain, and promote all thoughts and behaviors that are conducive or helpful to the survival, development, and improvement of society and individuals, and to negate, suppress, and prevent all thoughts and behaviors that hinder or harm the survival, development, and improvement of society and individuals. Educate and promote students to abandon evil and promote good, support the upright and reject the evil, enhance social morality awareness, and maintain the order of social public life.

二是以讲文明礼貌、助人为乐、爱护公物、保护环境、遵纪守法等为教育内容，引导学生守公德。社会公德是衡量一个民族进步的标志。学校通过社会公德教育，引导学生肯定、维护和促进一切有利于或有助于社会和个人生存、发展和完善的思想和行为，否定、抑制和阻止一切有碍于或有害于社会和个人生存、发展和完善的思想和行为，教育和促进学生弃恶扬善，扶正祛邪，增强社会公德意识，维护社会公共生活秩序。

Third, take filial piety, brotherly respect, loyalty, faithfulness, propriety, righteousness, integrity, a sense of shame, benevolence, love for others, kindness to others, self-improvement, patriotism, and integrity as educational content to guide students to strictly observe private morality. Educate students to draw moral nourishment from these, make them adhere to making the past serve the present, weeding through the old to bring forth the new, inherit with a critical attitude, and realize the creative transformation and innovative development of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. Guide students to integrate the practice of morality, respect for morality, and adherence to morality into daily life, and transform them into behavioral patterns and habits, so that they can feel the affinity, cohesion, and binding force of morality, and enhance their value judgment and moral responsibility.

三是以讲孝悌忠信、礼义廉耻、仁者爱人、与人为善、自强不息、爱国诚信等为教育内容，引导学生严私德。教育学生从中汲取道德滋养，使其坚持古为今用、推陈出新，有扬弃地予以继承，实现中华民族传统美德的创造性转化和创新性发展。引导学生把讲道德、尊道德、守道德融入日常，并转化为行为方式和习惯，从中感受道德的亲和力、聚合力和规约力，增强其价值判断力和道德责任感。

Fourth, we must focus on strengthening education on the holistic view of national security, and incorporate the relevant “National Security Education” course into the teaching system of ideological and political theory courses, to enhance students’ ability to consciously resist any acts that endanger national security, such as plotting to overthrow the government, splitting the country, and subverting the socialist system, ensuring the protection of our country’s modernization achievements and long-term stability and security.

四是要着力加强总体国家安全观教育，并将有关《国家安全教育》课程纳入思想政治理论课教学体系，提升学生自觉抵制阴谋颠覆政府、分裂国家、推翻社会主义制度等任何危害国家安全行为的能力，确保维护我国现代化建设成果和国家长治久安。

Second, “we must innovate the methods and approaches of ideological and political work” [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities,” December 7, 2016. and give play to the subjective initiative of young students. In the moral construction of young people, in addition to mobilizing students to actively read and study, learn from role models, and practice, the following points should also be emphasized. First, carry out education in the form of special topics. Different special topics can be set for focused education. Education with the special topic of promoting the spirit of patriotism can guide students to closely combine the realization of personal ideals with the future of the country and the destiny of the nation, establish and enhance a sense of concern for the future of the country and the destiny of the nation, a sense of dedication to the country’s progress and development, and a sense of defending the country’s interests and security, regarding all obligations and responsibilities to the country as one’s own duty and calling. Education with the special topic of traditional culture can enable students to rationally understand traditional culture, affirm the core ideas and values in traditional culture, and have a positive and proactive emotional attitude towards excellent traditional culture. Education with the special topic of red culture and red family traditions will enable students to draw wisdom and strength from excellent red resources, comprehensively enhance their ability to resist the trend of historical nihilism and engage in practice, ensuring that the red river and mountains have successors. [12]12 “Red river and mountains” (红色江山) is a metaphorical term for the political power established by the Communist Party of China through revolution, often used to emphasize the need to pass on revolutionary traditions to future generations. Second, explore moral resources and stimulate the good influence of role models. The thoughts and behaviors of moral models can inspire people to continuously strive for the good, and can be revered and imitated as role models. Moral role models are advanced figures that students can see and touch around them, benchmarks that can be learned and emulated. They interpret the connotation of morality and demonstrate the power of morality through their selfless actions. Young students should start from their surroundings, start from small things, learn from them, and emulate them.

第二，“要创新思想政治工作方式方法”，发挥青年学生的主观能动性。在青年思想道德建设中除了调动学生主动读书学习、榜样示范和实践养成等方法之外，还要强调以下几点。一是以专题的形式开展教育。可以设定不同的专题进行有侧重点的教育。以弘扬爱国主义精神为专题的教育，能够引导学生将个人理想的实现与国家的前途、民族的命运紧密结合起来，树立并增强对国家前途、民族命运的忧患意识，对国家进步与发展的奉献意识，对国家利益与安全的捍卫意识，把对国家的一切义务和责任看成自己的本分和天职。以传统文化为专题的教育，能够让学生理性地认识传统文化，并肯定传统文化中的核心思想和价值观，对优秀传统文化拥有积极主动的情感。以红色文化、红色家风为专题的教育，会让学生从优秀红色资源中汲取智慧和力量，全面提升抵抗历史虚无主义思潮、投身实践的能力，让红色江山后继有人。二是发掘道德资源，激发榜样的良好影响力。道德模范的思想及行为能够激励人们不断向上向善、能够作为榜样被敬仰和模仿。道德榜样是学生身边看得见、摸得着的先进人物，是可以学、能够学的标杆，他们以自己的无私行为诠释道德的内涵，展示道德的力量。青年学生应从身边做起，从小事做起，向他们学习、向他们看齐。

Third, we must strengthen the overall construction of the educator team. First, professional course teachers should consolidate their theoretical foundation and strengthen their social practice ability. While strengthening theoretical learning, schools should gradually increase the proportion of social practice in the assessment of ideological and political theory teachers, actively provide opportunities for ideological and political theory teachers to deeply understand national conditions and public sentiment, and participate in social secondment exercises, enhance social practice ability, and on the basis of combining theory and practice, rigorously pursue scholarship, be dedicated to work, be a model for others, guide students to handle the relationship between the individual and the collective, the partial and the whole, enhance team awareness, and take the overall situation into account. In addition, attention should also be paid to optimizing the teacher structure, selecting ideological and political course teachers from those with social work experience and social work background, so that educators are educated first. [13]13 “Let educators be educated first” (让教育者先受教育) is a principle in Chinese political education, meaning that those who teach must themselves undergo thorough ideological and theoretical training before instructing others. Second, strengthen the main responsibility awareness of the school Party committee in the ideological field, improve the relevant assessment mechanism of the school, increase the allocation of personnel with a professional background in Marxist theory in the Party and government leadership team, and ensure that a certain proportion of personnel who truly understand Marxist theory exert influence in the leadership team. Third, increase the investment of funds for moral construction, ensure that the basic funds for topics, discipline construction, and team building are not misappropriated or diverted, and ensure that schools can attract and retain talents to strengthen ideological and moral construction work. In addition, efforts should also be made to improve the status of ideological and political course teachers. On the premise of ensuring that their basic treatment is not lower than that of other teachers, teachers with outstanding contributions in teaching and scientific research should be rewarded, so as to better play their role in guiding and demonstrating the direction of youth moral construction.

第三，要加强教育者整体队伍建设。一是专业课教师要夯实理论功底，强化社会实践能力。在强化理论学习的同时，学校要逐步提高社会实践在思想理论课教师考核中的比重，积极为思想理论课教师提供深入了解国情民情、参与社会挂职锻炼的机会，提升社会实践力，在理论与实践相结合的基础上严谨治学、敬业爱岗、为人师表，引导学生处理好个人与集体、局部与整体的关系，增强团队意识，做到顾全大局。另外，还要注重优化师资结构，从有社会工作经验和社会工作经历的人员中选拔思想政治课教师，让教育者先受教育。二是强化学校党委在意识形态领域的主体责任意识，完善学校的相关考核机制，加大具有马克思主义理论专业背景的人员在党政班子中的配备力度，确保有一定比例的真正懂得马克思主义理论的人员在班子成员中发挥影响力。三是加大道德建设经费的投入，保证课题及学科建设和队伍建设的基本经费不被挤占挪用，确保学校能够吸引人才、留住人才来加强思想道德建设工作。另外，还需想方设法提高思想政治课教师的地位，在保障他们基本待遇不低于其他教师的前提下，对于在教学与科研方面有突出贡献的教师应予以奖励，以更好地发挥他们在青年道德建设中的方向引导和示范作用。

5. Taking a favorable social environment as the soil

5．以良好社会环境为土壤

First, it is necessary to further purify the online ecological environment. Young people are still in a period where their minds are not fully developed, making them susceptible to guidance and influence by various statements. Illegal and disciplinary actions that harm young people, such as online violence, online fraud, and the dissemination of pornography, must be severely cracked down upon. We must proceed not only from multiple levels including morality, law, regulation, and technology, but also require the joint participation, cooperation, and coordination of multiple parties such as the government, organizations, platforms, enterprises, and individuals, to strengthen governance and strictly implement the primary responsibility for cybersecurity. For some extreme statements in overseas media, selective reporting must be carried out, guiding public opinion onto the track of strengthening patriotic propaganda and promoting social development, creating a network environment that is caring and friendly, warm and harmonious, positive and uplifting, stable and orderly, and transmitting socialist positive energy to youth. In addition, attention must be paid to strengthening community education. The community is one of the important soils for youth mental health education. The community in which young people live should provide comprehensive care for their healthy physical and mental growth, not only by providing a sound community environment and sufficient activity facilities for the healthy growth of young people, but also by serving as a beneficial extension of family and school education.

第一，要进一步净化网络生态环境。青少年还处于心智未完全发育时期，容易受到各种言论的引导与左右。针对网络暴力、网络欺诈以及色情传播等危害青少年的违法违规行为，必须严厉打击。我们不仅要从道德、法律、监管、技术等多层面出发，同时还需政府、组织、平台、企业以及个人等多方主体共同参与、合作协同，强化治理，严格落实网络安全主体责任。对于海外媒体上的一些偏激言论必须进行有选择性的报道，将公共舆论引导到加强爱国主义的宣传、推动社会发展的轨道上来，营造关心友爱、温馨和谐、积极向上、安定有序的网络环境，向青年传递社会主义正能量。此外，要注重加强社区教育。社区是青少年心理健康教育的重要土壤之一，青少年生活的社区应对青少年身心健康成长提供全面的关怀，不仅要为青少年的健康成长提供完善的社区环境和充分的活动设施，而且要作为家庭、学校教育的有益延伸。

Second, it is necessary to demonstrate good moral behavior through social practice. “The Way cannot be discussed while sitting idly; virtue cannot be discussed emptily.” [18]18 A classical allusion from the *Record of Rites* (*Liji*), emphasizing that moral principles must be put into practice, not merely discussed. The foundation for young people to understand virtue, know virtue, and establish virtue lies in practicing virtue. Young people must take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as their guide, follow the requirements of moral norms such as social morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal character, and stimulate moral consciousness, cultivate moral emotions, establish moral ideals, learn moral norms, develop moral habits, and perfect moral evaluation in social practice. Do practical work solidly, be a down-to-earth person. Only by consciously externalizing good moral character into concrete actions in social practice, demonstrating good moral behavior in practical and subtle ways, can the moral quality of youth be effectively enhanced.

第二，要通过社会实践展现良好的道德行为。“道不可坐论，德不能空谈。”青年明德、知德、立德的根本在于践德。青年要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，遵循社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德等道德规范的要求，在社会实践中激发道德意识、培养道德情感、确立道德理想、学习道德规范、养成道德习惯、完善道德评价等。扎扎实实干事，踏踏实实做人。只有在社会实践中自觉把良好的道德品质外化为实际行动，于实处、于细微处展现良好的道德行为，这样才能有效提升青年道德品质。

Third, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of position platforms. Focus on strengthening the construction of educational bases such as Party-building theme parks, various types of libraries, science and technology museums, and Party history museums, continuously increasing elements of ideological and moral education for young people. Deeply carry out volunteer service activities, continuously strengthen the construction of red education positions, use major festivals and adopt various forms to publicize major events, important battles, and key figures in Party history, allowing young people to receive revolutionary tradition education through subtle influence, inherit the red gene, and continue the red bloodline. Make full use of WeChat public platforms and other means, solidly study and make good use of newspapers and periodicals, continuously expand awareness and participation, conduct extensive propaganda, and strive to create a strong atmosphere where the whole society cares for and loves young people, and all citizens participate in and support the strengthening of ideological and moral construction.

第三，要强化阵地平台建设。重点加强党建主题公园、各类图书馆、科技馆、党史馆等教育基地建设，不断增加青少年思想道德教育元素。深入开展志愿服务活动，不断加强红色教育阵地建设，利用重大节日、采取多种形式宣传党史上的重大事件、重要战斗、重点人物，让青少年在潜移默化的熏陶中接受革命传统教育，传承红色基因、赓续红色血脉。充分利用微信公众平台等，扎实学好用好报纸刊物，不断扩大知晓率、参与度，广泛进行宣传，努力营造全社会都关心关爱青少年，所有公民都参与和支持加强思想道德建设的浓厚氛围。

6. Taking a complete moral construction mechanism as the guarantee

6．以完善的道德建设机制为保障

First, it is necessary to perfect the mechanism integrating rule of law and rule of virtue. Law and morality are both normative systems with a certain binding force. Rule of law emphasizes heteronomy, has the characteristics of compulsion and deterrence, and can stabilize the world; rule of virtue emphasizes self-discipline, has the characteristics of regulation and persuasion, and can nourish people’s hearts. The implementation of law cannot be separated from moral support, and the practice of morality depends on legal constraints. In promoting the process of youth moral construction, relying solely on the inculcation of moral content is far from sufficient; the safeguarding role of rule of law for morality must also be brought into play to solve prominent problems in the moral field. In the legislative process, some moral norms can be elevated into legal norms, and then through the implementation of law, moral concepts and moral requirements can be embodied. At the same time, the supporting role of morality for rule of law must also be brought into play to achieve good law and good governance. Morality is one of the important bases for formulating law, providing criteria for judging the legitimacy of law, and providing moral support for the implementation of law. Therefore, youth moral construction must highlight the connotation of rule of law, cultivate and shape young people’s legal belief, concept of rule of law, and awareness of rules, guide them to distinguish right from wrong and know honor from disgrace, nourish the spirit of rule of law with moral ethics, and thereby create a cultural atmosphere conducive to the implementation of law throughout society, ultimately achieving the goal of rule of law and rule of virtue complementing and enhancing each other.

第一，要完善法治与德治相融合的机制。法律与道德都是具有一定约束性的规范体系。法治重在他律，具有强制性和威慑性的特点，可安天下；德治重在自律，具有调节性与劝导性的特点，可润人心。法律的实施离不开道德支持，道德的践行有赖于法律约束。在推进青年道德建设过程中仅仅依靠道德内容的灌输是远远不够的，还要发挥法治对道德的保障作用以解决道德领域的突出问题。在立法过程中可将一些道德规范上升为法律规范，再通过法律的实施以体现道德观念和道德要求。与此同时，还要发挥道德对法治的支撑作用以实现良法善治。道德是制定法律的重要依据之一，为法律的正当性提供评判标准，为法律的实施提供道义支持。因此，青年道德建设要凸显法治内涵，养成和塑造青年的法律信仰、法治观念及规则意识，引导其明是非、知荣辱，以道德伦理滋养法治精神，进而在全社会营造有利于法律实施的文化氛围，最终实现法治与德治相辅相成、相得益彰的目的。

Second, it is necessary to perfect the moral reward and punishment mechanism. The optimization of youth moral construction and the improvement of relevant national policies and systems are dialectically unified. The national guidelines, policies, and lines are interconnected with and mutually influence social moral trends. This requires us to continuously deepen relevant system reforms and improvements, fully embody the superiority of our country’s political system in the field of youth moral construction, so as to optimize the good environment for youth moral construction and make the entire society harmonious and stable. For example, perfect the social mechanism for moral role models such as acts of bravery for a just cause, including norms related to rewards, punishments, and identification, laying a good institutional foundation for creating a positive and noble moral trend. For the more prominent problem of lack of integrity, in addition to establishing a credit reporting system covering the whole society, it is also necessary for relevant state departments to perfect the reward mechanism for law-abiding and trustworthy behavior and the punishment mechanism for illegal and dishonest behavior, effectively punish immoral and unethical acts that cross the bottom line, form a social atmosphere of supporting the right and opposing the wrong, punishing evil and promoting good, so that people dare not be dishonest and cannot be dishonest, boosting the formation of a good atmosphere of honesty and trustworthiness throughout society.

第二，要健全道德奖惩机制。青年道德建设的优化和国家相关政策制度的完善是辩证统一的，国家的路线方针政策与社会道德风尚彼此联系、相互影响，这就要求我们不断地深化相关制度改革与完善，将我国国家政治制度的优越性充分体现在青年道德建设领域之中，以优化青年道德建设的良好环境，使整个社会和谐与稳定。比如，完善见义勇为等道德榜样的社会机制，包括奖励、处罚以及认定等相关的规范，为营造积极高尚的道德风尚奠定良好的制度基础。对于较为突出的诚信缺失问题，除了建立覆盖全社会的征信系统外，还需通过国家有关部门完善守法诚信的褒奖机制、违法失信的惩戒机制等，有力惩治失德败德、突破底线的行为，形成扶正祛邪、惩恶扬善的社会风气，让人不敢失信也不能失信，助推全社会形成诚实守信的良好氛围。

Third, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision mechanism. To strengthen youth moral construction, the roles of public opinion supervision, social supervision, and institutional supervision must be brought into play. Public opinion supervision of youth moral construction refers to the praise or criticism of young people’s words and deeds by all sectors of society and the masses, including discussions and evaluations among young people themselves; social supervision has the characteristics of breadth, mass character, and objectivity, and constraint mechanisms supporting social supervision, such as complaints about moral failures, should be established; various moral rules, regulations, and codes of conduct are formulated based on moral principles and norms, reflecting moral requirements in the form of systems, making it easy for young people to accept supervision; youth self-supervision is an important aspect of moral supervision, and also an important way for young people to exercise self-discipline and self-reflection, exert subjective initiative, and strengthen their own cultivation. These supervision methods must truly play a supervisory role in youth moral construction, avoiding the phenomenon of supervision becoming mere slogans or words on paper that are difficult to implement. Moral issues that young people care about, and thoughts and behaviors that do not conform to socialist morality, must be promptly resolved through reasonable means such as legal systems, encouraging advanced models and publicizing the maintainers of civilized trends. Only in this way can the harmonious and orderly development of civic moral construction, including youth moral construction, be achieved.

第三，要加强监督机制。加强青年道德建设，要发挥舆论监督、社会监督、制度监督的作用。舆论对青年道德建设的监督就是社会各界和广大群众对青年言行的赞扬或指责，也包括青年之间的议论与评价；社会监督具有广泛性、群众性和客观性的特点，建立失德投诉等与社会监督相配套的约束机制等；各项道德规章制度与行为规范都是依据道德原则和规范制定的，把道德要求以制度形式反映出来，使青年易于接受监督；青年自我监督是道德监督的一个重要方面，也是青年自律自省，发挥主观能动性、加强自身修养的重要方式。这些监督方式在青年道德建设中要真正发挥监督作用，避免出现监督口号化、字面化，难以落到实处的现象，要实实在在把青年关心的道德问题、把不符合社会主义道德的思想和行为通过法律制度等合理的方式及时解决，鼓励先进典型，宣传文明风尚的维护者。只有这样，才能实现包括青年道德建设在内的公民道德建设的和谐有序发展。

7. Taking youth’s own moral self-cultivation as the foundation

7.以青年自身道德涵养为根本

First, young people must understand great virtue and achieve the unity of virtue and action. First, efforts must be made in understanding principles. Young people must arm their minds with Marxist theory and Xi Jinping’s cultural thought, deeply recognize the institutional advantages of the whole country being “one chessboard” [19]19 A metaphor for the centralized, unified leadership and coordinated action of the entire nation under the Party Central Committee. and people-centeredness, improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong, and understand why the Communist Party of China is capable, why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, and why Marxism works. Adhere to the unity of knowledge and action, promote action through knowledge, improve their own moral quality and scientific and cultural level, and comprehend morality in the process of consciously aspiring to serve the country and the people. Second, efforts must be made in studying history. Promoting the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation is an extremely important strategic task at present. The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is the cultural foundation and important source for civic moral construction in the New Era. Youth moral construction must absorb and draw on the rich ideological resources of traditional culture, promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture. Study the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialist development, strengthen the “Four Confidences,” [20]20 The Four Confidences: confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, confidence in the system, and confidence in the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. inherit and carry forward the “May Fourth Spirit,” [21]21 The May Fourth Spirit refers to the patriotic, progressive, democratic, and scientific ethos of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, a pivotal anti-imperialist and anti-feudal cultural and political movement in modern China. and become young people of the New Era capable of shouldering the great task of national rejuvenation. Third, efforts must be made in focusing on an international perspective. Young people must comprehend morality in the spirit of sharing weal and woe and win-win cooperation, amidst the interaction of different ideologies and cultures and the mutual learning of various civilizations, continuously enhance and cultivate moral qualities of being friendly to neighbors and caring for the family, the country, and the world, establish a global vision, strengthen the awareness of cooperation, adhere to the combination of patriotic feelings, innovative spirit, and global vision, achieve the unity of knowledge, emotion, intention, and action, advance in the pace of the world’s progress, develop in the trend of the world’s development, and jointly create a bright future for human society.

第一，青年要明大德，做到德行合一。一要在明理上下功夫。青年要用马克思主义理论、习近平文化思想武装自己头脑，深刻认识到全国“一盘棋”、人民至上的制度优势，提高明辨是非的能力，悟懂中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，马克思主义为什么行。坚持知行合一、以知促行，提高自己道德素质和科学文化水平，并在自觉立志报效祖国、服务人民中体悟道德。二要在学史上下功夫。弘扬中华民族传统美德是当下极为重要的战略任务，中华民族优秀的传统文化是新时代公民道德建设的文化底蕴与重要来源，青年道德建设必须吸收借鉴传统文化中的丰富思想资源，助推中华传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展。学习党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史，坚定“四个自信”，继承与发扬“五四精神”，成为堪当民族复兴大任新时代青年。三要在聚焦国际视野上下功夫。青年要在同舟共济与合作共赢中体悟道德，在不同思想文化相互激荡和各种文明交流互鉴之中，不断提升和养成敦亲睦邻、家国天下的道德品质，树立世界眼光、增强合作意识，坚持爱国情怀、创新精神、世界眼光相结合，实现知、情、意、行的统一，在世界前进的步伐中前进，在世界发展的潮流中发展，共同开创人类社会美好未来。

Second, youth must be models in upholding public morality. They must stand firm on the baseline of “public morality,” think what the masses think, be urgent about what the masses are urgent about, and raise their political standing and improve their work ability in wholeheartedly serving the people. In public social life, they should be civil and polite, consciously eliminating bad habits such as using foul language, making groundless suspicions, and deceiving others; when someone needs help or relief, they should actively extend a helping hand; they should take care of public property, pay attention to public hygiene, and protect the living environment; they should consciously raise their legal awareness, strengthen their concept of law and discipline, use laws and regulations to guide and constrain their own behavior, consciously fulfill legal and disciplinary obligations, and dare to use legal weapons to struggle against all kinds of illegal and disciplinary phenomena. In addition, youth should take moral models as their example, learning from their fearless spirit of acting bravely for a just cause and shouldering responsibility, their noble sentiment of helping others and caring for others, their lofty character of treating others with sincerity and keeping promises, their professional ethics of loving their work and being diligent, and their genuine affection for respecting and caring for the elderly and filial piety toward parents. They should strive to become moral practitioners in the New Era who emulate the good and seek virtue, and who revere virtue and do good.

第二，青年要做守公德的楷模。要站稳“公德”这条基线，想群众之所想，急群众之所急，在全心全意为人民服务中提升政治站位、提高工作能力。在社会公共生活中讲文明礼貌，自觉杜绝说脏话、随便猜疑、欺骗他人等恶习；当有人需要帮助、救济时积极伸出援手；爱护公共财物，讲究公共卫生、保护生活环境；自觉提高法律意识、增强法纪观念，用法律法纪来指导和约束自己的行为，自觉履行法纪义务，敢于用法律武器同各种违法乱纪现象作斗争。另外，青年要以道德模范为榜样，学习他们见义勇为、勇于担当的无畏精神，助人为乐、关爱他人的高尚情怀，以诚待人、守信践诺的崇高品格，爱岗敬业、勤勉做事的职业操守，爱老敬老、孝顺长辈的至美真情。争做见贤思齐、崇德向善的新时代道德践行者。

Third, youth must be models in strictly observing private morality. First, they must be filial to their parents. Filial piety is the foremost of all virtues; filial piety is the most basic, deepest, and most enduring cultural core of the Chinese nation, and also the most natural, simplest, and most direct emotion of a person. They should do their best to meet their parents’ material needs, make their parents happy and joyful in spirit, strive to fulfill their parents’ expectations of them, and when their parents are ill, do everything possible to help them escape from illness and suffering. Second, they must practice self-discipline. Kant believed that self-discipline is “man giving law to himself,” that is, even when no one is watching, one must still exercise self-restraint and self-control. They must eliminate selfish desires and distracting thoughts from their hearts, and shift their main energy to the exploration of relevant knowledge and humanistic care. They must be cautious when alone, cautious at the outset, cautious in small matters, and cautious in desires, cultivating and improving their awareness and ability of self-restraint and self-control. Third, they must cultivate their moral character. They must persist in strengthening their cultivation from small matters and minor details, perfecting themselves bit by bit. Starting from valuing their own moral character, they must never indulge, never deviate, never overstep boundaries, and establish a correct worldview, outlook on life, and value system. They must deeply reflect on the relationship between humans and nature, and between humans and society, manage their own life circle, social circle, and entertainment circle well, balance self-cultivation with mind cultivation, and seek happiness for their family while bringing warmth to others.

第三，青年要做严私德的模范。一要孝敬父母。百善孝为先，孝是中华民族最基本、最深沉、最持久的文化内核，也是一个人最自然最朴素最直接的情感。做到在物质上尽力满足父母的需要，在精神上让父母开心、快乐，努力实现父母对我们的期望，当父母亲生病时，想尽一切办法帮助父母脱离病苦。二要自律。康德认为自律就是“人为自己立法”，即在无人监督的情况下，也要自我约束自我控制。要破除心中的私心杂念，将主要精力转移到对相关知识的探究和人文关怀上。要做到慎独、慎初、慎微、慎欲，培养和提高自我约束、自我控制的意识和能力。三要修身。要坚持从小事小节上加强修养，从一点一滴中完善自己。从重视自己的品德做起，始终不放纵、不越轨、不逾矩，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。深入反思人与自然、人与社会关系，管好自己的生活圈、交往圈、娱乐圈，修身与修心相互兼顾，为家人谋幸福与为他人送温暖。

Fourth, youth must be the main force in promoting and popularizing civic morality, becoming active inheritors of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and active disseminators of positive social energy. “Whether in the past, present, or future, Chinese youth have always been the vanguard force in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” [22]22 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Commemoration of the Centenary of the May Fourth Movement,” April 30, 2019. Young people are closely connected with the public. In implementing the project of civic moral construction, they can use their affinity and cohesion to target different groups, layer and categorize them, innovate new forms of publicity and education, carry out civic moral services and publicity with focus, and actively cultivate civic moral awareness. Specifically, they should carry out grassroots activities on moral culture to drive and lead the learning and promotion of excellent virtues; leverage the knowledge advantages of youth and the role of young volunteers, focus on hot social events and moral issues of general concern to the people, tell the story of civic moral construction well, and increase public participation and enthusiasm; adopt forms that are easy to understand, striving to ensure that online media have information, newspapers and television have columns, streets and communities have slogans, and villages and neighborhoods have broadcasts, effectively extending the publicity of implementing the civic moral construction project to every corner of society; make good use of the advantages of the internet, set up special columns on news websites and client terminals, actively use platforms such as “three micros and one client” [23]23 “Three micros and one client” refers to Weibo, WeChat, micro-video platforms, and news client applications. as well as public mobile TV screens and electronic display screens in public places, vigorously publicize and promote civic morality, so that the basic content of civic morality becomes known to every household.

第四，青年要做宣传推广公民道德的主力军，成为中华民族传统美德的积极传承者、社会正能量的积极传播者。“无论过去、现在还是未来，中国青年始终是实现中华民族伟大复兴的先锋力量”。广大青年与社会公众联系紧密，在实施公民道德建设工程中可以利用其亲和力和凝聚力，针对不同群体，分层分类、创新宣传教育的新形式，有重点地开展公民道德服务和宣传，积极培育公民道德意识。具体而言，开展道德文化基层行活动，牵引带动学习弘扬优秀美德；发挥青年的知识优势和青年志愿者作用，聚焦社会关注热点事件和人民群众普遍关心的道德问题，讲好公民道德建设故事，提高公众参与度和热情；采用通俗易懂的形式，力争做到网络媒体有信息、报纸电视有栏目、街道社区有标语、村镇小区有广播，切实将实施公民道德建设工程的宣传延伸到社会每个角落；善用网络优势，在新闻网站、客户端开设专栏，积极运用“三微一端”等平台以及公共场所的公共移动电视屏、电子显示屏等，大力宣传与推广公民道德，让公民道德的基本内容家喻户晓。

In summary, implementing the project of civic moral construction is a long-term process that cannot be achieved overnight. For the vast number of youth, this is an even heavier task and responsibility. Youth in the New Era are the fresh force for the development of the Party and the state’s undertakings. Born at the right time and with an unshirkable duty, they must consciously take it as their own responsibility to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, firm up their ideals and convictions, stand firmly with the people, hone their excellent skills, and vow to practice the youthful oath of “Rest assured, the Party; a strong nation depends on me.” [24]24 “Rest assured, the Party; a strong nation depends on me” is a slogan popularized among Chinese youth, especially at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Youth League of China in 2022. The vast number of youth must not only understand great virtue, uphold public morality, and strictly observe private morality, but also go deep into the grassroots and the masses to publicize and promote traditional virtues, inspiring people to strive for goodness, be filial to the elderly and love their relatives, be loyal to the motherland and the people, and contribute to promoting civic moral construction and raising the level of civility in the whole society.

总之，实施公民道德建设工程是一个长期的过程，不可能一蹴而就。对于广大青年来说，这更是一份沉甸甸的任务和责任。新时代青年是党和国家事业发展的生力军，生逢其时、责无旁贷，要自觉以实现中华民族伟大复兴为己任，坚定理想信念、站稳人民立场、练就过硬本领，矢志践行“请党放心，强国有我”的青春誓言。广大青年不仅要明大德、守公德、严私德，还要深入基层、深入群众去宣传、推广传统美德，激励人们向上向善、孝老爱亲，忠于祖国、忠于人民，为推动公民道德建设、提高全社会文明程度作出贡献。

(Author’s bio: Wang Jianmin, Director of the China Youth Information Data Center at the Central School of the Communist Youth League, Professor at the Archives of the History of the Communist Youth League Movement of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League)

（作者简介：王建敏，中央团校中国青少年信息资料中心主任、共青团中央青运史档案馆教授）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心