Fully Implement the Holistic Approach to National Security

The year 2024 marks the 10th anniversary of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s creative formulation of the holistic approach to national security. Over the past decade, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and under the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially the holistic approach to national security, national security work in the New Era has achieved historic accomplishments, and national sovereignty, security, and development interests have been comprehensively safeguarded. Practice shows that the holistic approach to national security has propelled a historic leap in the theory and practice of national security with Chinese characteristics, and it serves as the fundamental guidance and action guide for national security work in the New Era. On the new journey of the New Era, we must deeply study and comprehend it and fully implement it.

2024年是习近平总书记创造性提出总体国家安全观10周年。10年来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是总体国家安全观科学指引下，新时代国家安全工作取得历史性成就，国家主权、安全、发展利益得到全面维护。实践表明，总体国家安全观推动中国特色国家安全理论和实践实现历史性飞跃，是新时代国家安全工作的根本遵循和行动指南。新时代新征程，我们一定要深刻学习领会、全面贯彻落实。

I. Fully Comprehend the Ideological Connotations of the Holistic Approach to National Security

一、全面领会总体国家安全观的思想内涵

On April 15, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the holistic approach to national security at the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission. Over the past decade, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at

2014年4月15日，习近平总书记在中央国家安全委员会第一次会议上，创造性提出总体国家安全观。10年来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央洞察百年变局之势、把握民族复兴之需、引领时代潮流之变，把马克思主义国家安全理论和当代中国安全实践、中华优秀传统战略文化结合起来，在新时代国家安全实践中不断深化理论创新。2017年10月，党的十九大将坚持总体国家安全观纳入新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略；2018年4月，总书记在十九届中央国家安全委员会第一次会议上进一步阐述总体国家安全观，提出坚持人民安全、政治安全、国家利益至上的有机统一，坚持维护和塑造国家安全等重大论断；2020年10月，党的十九届五中全会强调牢牢守住安全发展底线，把统筹发展和安全纳入“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展的指导思想；2020年12月，总书记在主持十九届中央政治局第二十六次集体学习时，对总体国家安全观作出全面、系统、完整的论述，提出“十个坚持”的工作要求；2021年11月，党的十九届六中全会系统总结新时代维护国家安全取得的重大成就和宝贵经验；2022年10月，党的二十大就推进国家安全体系和能力现代化进行专章部署，进一步丰富和发展了总体国家安全观。

The holistic approach to national security is a scientific theoretical system with “holistic” as the key and the “Ten Persistences” as the core essence. It is an open theoretical system that is continuously enriched and developed in tandem with the deepening practice of national security with Chinese characteristics, containing a profound and extensive ideological connotation: it elucidates the strategic status of national security, pointing out that national security is the foundation of national rejuvenation, and that national security work is an extremely important task for the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country, emphasizing that upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and ensuring national security are top priorities; it clarifies the path choice for national security, insisting on unswervingly following the path of national security with Chinese characteristics, ensuring that the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is not delayed or even interrupted; it emphasizes that coordinating development and security is an inevitable requirement for national security, integrating the maintenance of national security into all aspects and the entire process of the Party and the country’s work, safeguarding the new pattern of development with a new security architecture, and ensuring high-quality development with a high level of security; it adheres to a people-centered security, insisting that national security is for the people and relies on the people, providing a strong guarantee for the people’s peaceful and prosperous life, and gathering a powerful force for maintaining national security; it highlights the central task of national security, emphasizing adherence to bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, being vigilant in peace and preparing for danger, preventing and defusing national security risks, and preparing to withstand major tests of high winds and rough seas, even raging waves; it proposes that the lifeline of national security is political security, pointing out that political security is the highest form of national security and the foundation of national security, and that political security must be placed in the primary position, firmly safeguarding the security of state power, the system, and ideology; it emphasizes the coordinated advancement of security in all domains, coordinating responses to traditional and non-traditional security threats, achieving the integrated integration of strategic layouts, the integrated consolidation of strategic resources, and the integrated application of strategic forces across all domains of national security; it proposes advancing the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, promoting the efficient integration and two-way pull between new quality productive forces and new quality combat capabilities, and creating growth poles for new quality productive forces and new quality combat capabilities; it values technological empowerment, strengthening the role of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as a strategic support for national security and development, vigorously promoting independent innovation, strengthening the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, relying on scientific and technological innovation to ensure national security, and enhancing the ability to use science and technology to maintain national security; it emphasizes improving and perfecting the legal system for national security, comprehensively utilizing legislative, law enforcement, and judicial means to carry out struggles, and continuously improving the ability to maintain national security using legal thinking and legal methods; it highlights a clear orientation toward practical application, promoting the organic connection and integrated integration of various aspects of construction; it coordinates the maintenance and shaping of national security, grasping the laws in the midst of change, seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages in chaos, and seizing the initiative in struggle, firmly holding the strategic initiative in maintaining national security; it points out that national defense and military construction are the strong backing for national security, and that a consolidated national defense and a strong military must be built to provide strategic support for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; it demonstrates the great-power responsibility of national security, insisting on promoting international common security, promoting the establishment of a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable global security concept, and jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind that enjoys universal security; it insists on daring to struggle and being good at struggle, striving to overcome all kinds of difficulties and challenges on the path forward, and opening up new horizons for the development of the cause through tenacious struggle; it emphasizes that the fundamental guarantee of national security is upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over national security work, emphasizing the implementation of more powerful command and coordination, and integrating the Party’s leadership into all aspects and the entire process of national security work.

总体国家安全观是以“总体”为关键、以“十个坚持”为核心要义的科学理论体系，是随着中国特色国家安全实践深入推进而不断丰富发展的开放理论体系，蕴含着博大精深的思想内涵：阐明国家安全的战略地位，指出国家安全是民族复兴的根基，国家安全工作是党治国理政一项十分重要的工作，强调坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，保证国家安全是头等大事；明确国家安全的道路选择，必须坚定不移走中国特色国家安全道路，确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不被迟滞甚至中断；强调统筹发展和安全是国家安全的必然要求，把维护国家安全贯穿党和国家工作各方面全过程，以新安全格局保障新发展格局，以高水平安全保障高质量发展；坚持以人民安全为宗旨，坚持国家安全一切为了人民、一切依靠人民，为群众安居乐业提供坚强保障，汇聚起维护国家安全的强大力量；突出国家安全的中心任务，强调坚持底线思维和极限思维，做到居安思危、未雨绸缪，防范化解国家安全风险，准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验；提出国家安全的生命线是政治安全，指出政治安全是最高的国家安全，是国家安全的根本，必须坚持把政治安全放在首要位置，坚定维护国家政权安全、制度安全、意识形态安全；强调统筹推进各领域安全，统筹应对传统安全和非传统安全，实现国家安全各领域战略布局一体融合、战略资源一体整合、战略力量一体运用；提出推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动，打造新质生产力和新质战斗力增长极；重视科技赋能，强化科技自立自强作为国家安全和发展的战略支撑作用，大力推动自主创新，强化国家战略科技力量建设，依靠科技创新保障国家安全，提高运用科学技术维护国家安全的能力；强调健全完善国家安全法治体系，综合利用立法、执法、司法等手段开展斗争，不断提高运用法治思维和法治方式维护国家安全的能力；突出实战实用鲜明导向，推动各方面建设有机衔接、联动集成；统筹维护和塑造国家安全，在变局中把握规律、在乱局中趋利避害、在斗争中争取主动，牢牢掌握维护国家安全的战略主动权；指出国防和军队建设是国家安全的坚强后盾，必须建设巩固国防和强大军队，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供战略支撑；彰显国家安全的大国担当，坚持推进国际共同安全，推动树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的全球安全观，共同构建普遍安全的人类命运共同体；坚持敢于斗争、善于斗争，全力战胜前进道路上各种困难和挑战，依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地；强调国家安全的根本保证是坚持党对国家安全工作的绝对领导，强调实施更为有力的统领和协调，把党的领导贯穿到国家安全工作各方面全过程。

The holistic approach to national security profoundly answers the major theoretical and practical questions of national security in the New Era, marking that the Party’s understanding of the basic laws of national security has reached a new height. It has made significant original contributions to the development of the Marxist theory of national security, provided a program of action for maintaining and shaping national security in the New Era, and contributed a Chinese solution to the improvement of global security governance. In contemporary China, upholding and developing the holistic approach to national security is truly upholding and developing the Marxist theory of national security, and truly upholding and expanding the path of national security with Chinese characteristics.

总体国家安全观深刻回答了新时代国家安全的重大理论和实践问题，标志着党对国家安全基本规律的认识达到了新高度，为发展马克思主义国家安全理论作出重大原创性贡献，为维护和塑造新时代国家安全提供了行动纲领，为完善全球安全治理贡献了中国方案。在当代中国，坚持和发展总体国家安全观，就是真正坚持和发展马克思主义国家安全理论，就是真正坚持和拓展中国特色国家安全道路。

II. Deeply Understand the Practical Power of the Holistic Approach to National Security

二、深刻认识总体国家安全观的实践伟力

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has coordinated the strategic overall plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes unseen in a century, implemented the holistic approach to national security, made a series of major decisions and deployments, implemented a series of major reform measures, and led national security work to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic transformations.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，贯彻总体国家安全观，作出一系列重大决策部署，落实一系列重大改革举措，引领国家安全工作取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。

With great boldness, it reformed institutional mechanisms and advanced the modernization of the national security system and capabilities. It insisted that the great power of national security rests with the Party Central Committee, established the Central National Security Commission with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally serving as its chairman, and established a centralized

以大气魄改革体制机制，推进国家安全体系和能力现代化。坚持国家安全大权在党中央，成立中央国家安全委员会，习近平总书记亲自担任主席，建立起集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制。出台《中国共产党领导国家安全工作条例》、《党委（党组）国家安全责任制规定》等，系统明确国家安全“谁来领导、怎样领导，谁来落实、怎样落实”等重大问题，进一步从制度上强化了党的绝对领导。建立重点领域、重要专项协调机制，有效加强各领域各环节工作统筹，推动国家安全体系更加完善、能力显著增强，新时代国家安全工作实现了分散到集中、迟缓到高效、被动到主动的历史性变革。

With bold moves, a new security architecture is being constructed, coordinating high-quality development and high-level security. Making “coordinating development and security” a major principle of the Party’s governance of the country, it is proposed that development and security are like two wings of one body and two wheels driving one vehicle. The *National Security Strategy (2021–2025)* has been issued, achieving simultaneous planning and integrated advancement of national security and economic and social development. High-quality development and high-level security are promoted in a groundbreaking, coordinated manner. A new pattern of development is being built with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other, and a corresponding new security architecture is being created, driving the new security architecture to safeguard the new pattern of development. This has greatly enhanced the country’s viability, competitiveness, development capacity, and sustainability, and solid steps have been taken in comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

以大手笔构建新安全格局，统筹高质量发展和高水平安全。把“统筹发展和安全”作为党治国理政的重大原则，提出发展和安全是一体之两翼、驱动之双轮，出台《国家安全战略（2021—2025年）》，实现国家安全与经济社会发展同步规划、一体推进。开创性地协同推进高质量发展和高水平安全，构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，打造与之相适应的新安全格局，推动以新安全格局保障新发展格局，大大增强了我国的生存力、竞争力、发展力、持续力，全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐。

With grand strategy, a series of major struggles have been won, firmly grasping the strategic initiative in safeguarding national security. The people have been united and led to resolutely carry out the great struggle with many new historical features. Extreme containment and suppression by external forces have been forcefully countered, major risk tests from all sides have been withstood, and the miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability has been created. Absolute poverty has been historically resolved, a moderately prosperous society has been built in all respects, and the path of Chinese-path modernization has been successfully taken. The Hong Kong national security law has been forcefully promoted and enacted, achieving “one law securing Hong Kong,”[1]1 “One law securing Hong Kong” (一法安香江) is a slogan emphasizing the role of the Hong Kong national security law in restoring stability to Hong Kong. completely crushing the Hong Kong version of a “color revolution,”[2]2 “Color revolution” (颜色革命) refers to Western-backed popular movements aimed at regime change in post-Soviet states and elsewhere; the term is used here pejoratively. and bringing about a major turning point in Hong Kong’s situation from chaos to governance. A series of struggles involving Taiwan, Xinjiang, Tibet, and maritime issues have been forcefully carried out, firmly grasping overall initiative in safeguarding national security, ensuring that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process.

以大韬略打赢系列重大斗争，牢牢掌握维护国家安全的战略主动权。团结带领人民义无反顾进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，有力反击外部势力极端遏制打压，经受住了来自各方面的重大风险考验，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹，历史性解决了绝对贫困问题，全面建成小康社会，成功走出了中国式现代化道路。有力推动出台香港国安法，实现“一法安香江”，彻底粉碎港版“颜色革命”，推动香港局势实现由乱到治的重大转折。有力组织开展涉台、涉疆、涉藏、涉海等一系列斗争，牢牢掌握了维护国家安全的全局性主动，确保实现中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。

With a broad framework, the rule of law for national security has been improved, forging sharp weapons for preventing and resolving major risks. Adhering to law as a powerful weapon for safeguarding national security, with the National Security Law promulgated and implemented in 2015 as the cornerstone, more than 20 specialized national security laws have been enacted, including the National Intelligence Law, the Counter-Terrorism Law, the Cybersecurity Law, the Biosecurity Law, the Data Security Law, and the Law on Countering Foreign Sanctions. Over 110 laws and regulations containing national security provisions have been formulated or revised, continuously improving the legal system for national security with Chinese characteristics. In particular, in response to the needs of the anti-espionage struggle under the new circumstances, a newly revised Counter-Espionage Law has been enacted, legally punishing espionage crimes, effectively protecting and promoting normal foreign exchanges, more precisely “protecting the lawful and cracking down on the illegal,” and providing a strong guarantee for defending national security on the track of the rule of law.

以大格局完善国家安全法治，打造防范化解重大风险的锐利武器。坚持把法律作为维护国家安全的有力武器，以2015年颁布实施的国家安全法为统领，出台国家情报法、反恐怖主义法、网络安全法、生物安全法、数据安全法、反外国制裁法等20余部国家安全专门立法，制定修订110余部含有国家安全条款的法律法规，不断健全中国特色国家安全法律制度体系。特别是针对新形势下反间谍斗争需要，出台新修订的反间谍法，依法惩治间谍违法犯罪，有效保护促进正常对外交流，更加精准“保护合法、打击非法”，为在法治轨道上捍卫国家安全提供了强大保障。

With great effort, nationwide publicity and education on national security have been carried out, gathering powerful forces to safeguard national security. Strengthening national security education has always been treated as a foundational, long-term, and strategic project. “April 15” has been established as National Security Education Day,[3]3 April 15 is designated as National Security Education Day in China, first observed in 2016, to promote public awareness of national security. with publicity and education activities organized nationwide for nine consecutive years. The *Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening National Security Education* has been issued, accelerating the construction of the institutional system, disciplinary system, and discourse system for national security education. The forms of publicity and education have been diversified, and the carriers have been pluralized. The implementation of national security education has been promoted in government organs, schools, enterprises, communities, villages, military camps, and online, effectively creating a strong atmosphere where everyone is responsible for and fulfills their duty in national security, consolidating the political, social, and popular foundations for safeguarding national security.

以大力度开展全民国家安全宣传教育，汇聚维护国家安全的强大力量。始终将加强国家安全教育作为基础性、长期性、战略性工程，设立“4·15”全民国家安全教育日，连续9年在全国范围内组织宣传教育活动，出台《关于全面加强国家安全教育的意见》，加快构建国家安全教育制度体系、学科体系、话语体系。推动宣传教育形式多样化、载体多元化，落实国家安全教育进机关、进学校、进企业、进社区、进乡村、进军营、进网络，有效营造国家安全人人有责、人人尽责的浓厚氛围，夯实了维护国家安全的政治基础、社会基础、民心基础。

With broad vision, international common security has been advanced, demonstrating the responsibility of a major country in global security governance. The concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security has been promoted. The Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative have been implemented. A new path to security featuring dialogue over confrontation, partnership over alliance, and win-win over zero-sum has been advocated. The reform of the global governance system has been promoted, providing Chinese wisdom for addressing global risks and challenges, and using Chinese solutions to promote the peaceful resolution of international disputes and hot-spot issues. The building of a community with a shared future for mankind featuring universal security has been advanced, with high-quality Belt and Road cooperation as a practical platform, leading the world toward a bright future of peace, security, prosperity, and progress.

以大胸怀推进国际共同安全，彰显全球安全治理的大国担当。推动树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，倡导走对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟、共赢而非零和的新型安全之路。推动全球治理体系变革，为应对全球性风险和挑战提供中国智慧，以中国方案促进和平解决国际争端和热点问题。推动构建普遍安全的人类命运共同体，以高质量共建“一带一路”为实践平台，引领世界走向和平、安全、繁荣、进步的光明前景。

The holistic approach to national security guides and leads the great struggles and great transformations of the New Era, fully demonstrating General Secretary Xi Jinping’s extraordinary theoretical courage, outstanding political wisdom, and strong sense of mission as the founder of the holistic approach to national security, as well as his magnificent spirit, foresight, and grand strategy as a Marxist politician, thinker, and strategist. Practice has fully proven that the Two Establishments[4]4 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. are the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence, and the greatest guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and dangers and responding to all uncertainties. On the new journey, we must more deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, more consciously study and deeply comprehend the holistic approach to national security, and effectively use it to arm our minds and guide our practice.

总体国家安全观指导引领新时代的伟大斗争、伟大变革，充分展现了习近平总书记作为总体国家安全观创立者的非凡理论勇气、卓越政治智慧、强烈使命担当，作为马克思主义政治家、思想家、战略家的恢弘气魄、远见卓识、雄韬伟略。实践充分证明，“两个确立”是战胜一切艰难险阻、应对一切不确定性的最大确定性、最大底气、最大保证。新征程上，我们要更加深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，更加自觉学深悟透总体国家安全观，切实用以武装头脑、指导实践。

III. Accurately Grasp the Major Requirements of the Holistic Approach to National Security

三、准确把握总体国家安全观的重大要求

The holistic approach to national security emphasizes systematic thinking and methods for doing a good job in national security work, highlighting scientific methods such as adhering to a people-centered approach, problem orientation, and systematic thinking. It is a powerful ideological weapon that has been tested in practice and is full of practical power. We must deeply understand the positions, viewpoints, and methods running through it, and comprehensively grasp its major requirements.

总体国家安全观强调做好国家安全工作的系统思维和方法，凸显了坚持人民至上、问题导向、系统观念等科学方法，是经过实践检验、富有实践伟力的强大思想武器。我们要深刻领会贯穿其中的立场、观点和方法，全面把握其重大要求。

Build a complete system, strengthening the construction of all aspects of the national security system. Systemic confrontation is the basic characteristic of the current national security struggle. International competition is embodied in the integrated competition of national development and security. Whoever can coordinate resources from the top-level design to fight a total war and maximize the systemic integration of national strength will win the initiative in the struggle. We must adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, give full play to the Party’s core leadership role in overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, risk monitoring and early warning system, and national emergency management system, build a national security protection system that is linked across the board and three-dimensionally efficient, and effectively transform institutional advantages into combat effectiveness.

全体系构建，加强国家安全各方面体系建设。体系对抗是当前国家安全斗争的基本特点，国际博弈体现为国家发展和安全的一体化竞争，谁能从顶层设计上统筹资源打好总体战、最大程度实现国家实力的系统整合，谁才能赢得斗争主动。要坚持党中央集中统一领导，充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，完善国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、风险监测预警体系、国家应急管理体系等，构建全域联动、立体高效的国家安全防护体系，切实把体制优势转化为实战效能。

Prevent and control across all domains, effectively resolving risks in all areas of national security. Today, the connotation and extension of China’s national security are richer than at any time in history, the temporal and spatial domains are broader than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complex than at any time in history. National security faces various predictable and unpredictable risks and challenges. We must firmly establish a broad security concept, bring all risks that may affect national security into view, not only strengthen traditional security in politics, economy, military, and territory, but also prevent and control non-traditional security risks such as biology, data, and artificial intelligence, prevent the occurrence of “black swan” and “gray rhino” events,[5]5 “Black swan” events are rare, unpredictable occurrences with severe consequences; “gray rhino” events are highly probable, obvious threats that are neglected. and achieve coordinated governance and common consolidation of security across all domains.

全领域防控，有力化解国家安全各领域风险。今天，我国国家安全内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都要丰富，时空领域比历史上任何时候都要宽广，内外因素比历史上任何时候都要复杂，国家安全面临各种可以预料和难以预料的风险挑战。要树牢大安全理念，把一切可能影响国家安全的风险纳入视线，既加强政治、经济、军事、国土等传统安全，又防控好生物、数据、人工智能等非传统安全风险，防止“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件发生，实现各领域安全统筹治理、共同巩固。

Coordinate across all dimensions, strengthening the layout both domestically and internationally, and online and offline. Against the backdrop of informatization and networking, the interconnectedness, transnationality, and diversity of security issues are more prominent, and the correlation and transmission speed between internal and external security, and between the real world and the cyber world, have increased. We must strengthen the layout both domestically and internationally: domestically, crack down on infiltration and sabotage, ensure national political security, social stability, and people’s peace; internationally, participate in global security governance and promote international common security. We must strengthen the layout both online and offline, improve the cyberspace management system, enhance risk perception, early warning, and protection capabilities, and build a comprehensive barrier against national security risks.

全方位统筹，加强境内境外和网上网下布局。在信息化、网络化的时代背景下，安全问题的联动性、跨国性、多样性更加突出，内部安全与外部安全、现实世界与网络世界之间的关联增强、传导加快。要加强境内境外布局，对内打击渗透破坏，确保国家政治安全、社会安定、人民安宁，对外参与全球安全治理，推进国际共同安全；加强网上网下布局，完善网络空间管理体制，提升风险感知预警和防护能力，全方位筑牢国家安全风险防范屏障。

Use all means comprehensively, making good use of all forces to safeguard national security. Under the new circumstances, national security risks are numerous and widespread, and the characteristics of various risks—sudden change, mixing, and amplification—are more prominent. The effects of backflow, confluence, superposition, linkage, amplification, and induction are more obvious. Only by comprehensively using all available means to prevent, control, and handle them can the best results be achieved. We must promote changes in the means and methods of maintaining and shaping national security, coordinate the use of various means such as politics, economy, culture, diplomacy, justice, education, and science and technology, pay more attention to synergy and efficiency, rule-of-law thinking, technological empowerment, and grassroots foundations, take the preemptive move and fight the active battle, and promote the transformation of national security work toward advance warning, rapid response, and active shaping.

全手段运用，用好维护国家安全各种力量。新形势下国家安全风险点多面广，各类风险瞬变性、混合性、放大性特征更加突出，倒灌效应、合流效应、叠加效应、联动效应、放大效应、诱导效应更加明显，只有综合运用一切可用手段防控处置，才能取得最佳效果。要推进维护和塑造国家安全手段方式变革，统筹运用政治、经济、文化、外交、司法、教育、科技等各种手段，更加注重协同高效、法治思维、科技赋能、基层基础，下好先手棋、打好主动仗，推动国家安全工作向事先预警、快速反应、主动塑造转变。

Mobilize the whole society to fight the people’s war of safeguarding national security. The mass line is the lifeline and fundamental working line of our Party; national security work is ultimately about protecting the interests of the people, and doing national security work well must rely closely on the people. “Find the foundation from the people, gather strength from the people, and be completed by the people together.” We must always regard the people as the foundational force of national security, enhance the national security awareness of the entire populace, consolidate the people’s national security defense line, expand effective channels for the people to participate in national security governance, and build an impregnable fortress for safeguarding national security.

全社会动员，打好维护国家安全人民战争。群众路线是我们党的生命线和根本工作路线，国家安全工作归根结底是保障人民利益，做好国家安全工作必须紧紧依靠人民。“从人民中找到根基，从人民中集聚力量，由人民共同来完成”。要始终把人民作为国家安全的基础性力量，增强全民国家安全意识，巩固国家安全人民防线，拓展人民群众参与国家安全治理的有效途径，构筑起维护国家安全的铜墙铁壁。

IV. Main Tasks for Thoroughly Implementing the Holistic Approach to National Security

四、深入贯彻总体国家安全观的主要任务

At present, the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century at an accelerating pace, and China is in a critical period for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, facing many risks and challenges in safeguarding national security. We must deeply implement the holistic approach to national security, based on the responsibilities of national security organs, focus on major prominent risks, and go all out to carry out the struggle against subversion, against hegemonism, against separatism, against terrorism, and against espionage, resolutely defending national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，我国正处在实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期，维护国家安全面临许多风险挑战。我们要深入贯彻落实总体国家安全观，立足国家安全机关职责，聚焦重大突出风险，全力开展反颠覆、反霸权、反分裂、反恐怖、反间谍斗争，坚决捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益。

Against subversion: Effectively safeguard political security. Safeguard the security of state power, severely crack down on foreign infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities, and unswervingly defend the leadership and ruling position of the Communist Party of China. Safeguard the security of the system, be highly vigilant against the attempts of hostile anti-China forces to Westernize and divide China [6]6 “Westernize and divide” (西化、分化) refers to the perceived strategy of hostile forces to promote Western political values and fragment China’s territorial and political unity., and unwaveringly struggle against all acts that slander and undermine the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Safeguard ideological security, hold the ideological positions, oppose and resist various erroneous trends of thought, resist and prevent the infiltration of religious extremism, and strictly prevent various risks from transmitting into the political security domain.

反颠覆：切实维护政治安全。维护国家政权安全，严厉打击境外渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动，毫不动摇地捍卫中国共产党的领导地位和执政地位。维护制度安全，高度警惕反华敌对势力西化、分化图谋，坚定不移同各种诋毁破坏中国特色社会主义制度的行为作斗争。维护意识形态安全，守好意识形态阵地，反对和抵制各种错误思潮，抵御和防范宗教极端主义渗透，严防各类风险向政治安全领域传导。

Against hegemonism: Resolutely counter external containment and suppression. Resolutely oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics, improve mechanisms for countering sanctions, countering interference, and countering “long-arm jurisdiction,” and firmly defend the core interests of the state. Place the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength, promote winning the battle for key core technologies, advance high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and firmly grasp the initiative in development and security. Coordinate one’s own security and common security, hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win, oppose protectionism, oppose “building walls and erecting barriers” and “decoupling and severing supply chains,” oppose unilateral sanctions and maximum pressure, and firmly safeguard world peace and defend fairness and justice.

反霸权：坚决反制外部遏制打压。坚决反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治，健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制，坚定捍卫国家核心利益。把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，推动打好关键核心技术攻坚战，推进高水平科技自立自强，牢牢掌握发展和安全的主动权。统筹自身安全和共同安全，高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，反对保护主义，反对“筑墙设垒”、“脱钩断链”，反对单边制裁、极限施压，坚定维护世界和平、捍卫公平正义。

Against separatism: Advance the great cause of national reunification. Consolidate and expand the achievements of the struggle against separatism and against interference, resolutely thwart any form of “Taiwan independence” separatist schemes, and resolutely struggle against acts of “relying on the United States to seek independence” and “using Taiwan to contain China.” Support and strengthen the patriotic united force, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, promote the spiritual affinity of compatriots on both sides of the strait, and contribute to the realization of the complete reunification of the motherland.

反分裂：推进祖国统一大业。巩固拓展反分裂反干涉斗争成果，坚决挫败任何形式的“台独”分裂图谋，坚决同“倚美谋独”、“以台制华”的行径作斗争。支持壮大爱国统一力量，推动两岸关系和平发展，促进两岸同胞心灵契合，为实现祖国完全统一作出贡献。

Against terrorism: Strictly prevent risks of terrorist attacks at home and abroad. Severely crack down on domestic violent terrorist activities, adhere to the principle of striking every “terror” without fail, striking as soon as it emerges, and punishing severely according to law, continuously consolidate and expand the good momentum of the anti-terrorism struggle, and hold the bottom line of no violent terrorist incidents occurring domestically. Respond to threats of terrorist attacks abroad, focus on areas with concentrated overseas interests, strengthen early warning of terrorist attack risks, enhance emergency response to sudden incidents, and effectively safeguard the security of overseas citizens, institutions, and projects. Deepen international counter-terrorism cooperation, improve mechanisms for counter-terrorism intelligence coordination, fund supervision, law enforcement cooperation, and judicial assistance, promote moving the threshold forward, strengthen source governance, and promote the continuous improvement of the counter-terrorism situation.

反恐怖：严防境内外恐袭风险。严打境内暴恐活动，坚持凡“恐”必打、露头就打、依法严惩，持续巩固拓展反恐怖斗争良好态势，守住境内不发生暴恐案事件的底线。应对境外恐袭威胁，围绕海外利益集中地区，加强恐袭风险预警，强化突发事件应急处置，切实维护海外公民、机构、项目安全。深化反恐国际合作，健全反恐情报配合、资金监管、执法合作、司法协助等机制，推动关口前移，强化源头治理，推动反恐态势不断向更好方向发展。

Against espionage: Safeguard national strategic interests and the security of core secrets. Organize an offensive in the struggle, deeply carry out special operations against espionage, ensuring that the offensive hand is fiercer, the defensive hand is stricter, and the countermeasure hand is more powerful. Innovate the structure of the struggle, improve the coordination mechanism for counter-espionage work, highlight the protection priorities such as national strategic equipment [7]7 “National strategic equipment” (国之重器) refers to major national projects and technologies of strategic importance, such as advanced weapon systems, space programs, and critical infrastructure., weave a dense “three-dimensional network” for counter-espionage security prevention, and effectively combat various types of espionage and intelligence theft activities. Strengthen the forces of the struggle, adhere to the combination of specialized agencies and the masses, strengthen the construction of reporting platforms for espionage clues such as 12339 [8]8 12339 is the national hotline for reporting espionage and intelligence-related activities in China., reinforce the main responsibilities of various departments for counter-espionage and anti-espionage, and build a steel Great Wall for protecting the security of state secrets.

反间谍：维护国家战略利益和核心秘密安全。组织斗争攻势，深入开展反间谍专项行动，做到打的一手更狠、防的一手更严、反制的一手更有力。创新斗争格局，完善反间谍工作协调机制，突出国之重器等保卫重点，织密反间谍安全防范“立体网”，有效打击各类间谍窃密活动。壮大斗争力量，坚持专群结合，加强12339等反间谍线索举报平台建设，强化各部门反间防谍主体责任，筑牢保卫国家秘密安全的钢铁长城。

V. Strengthen the Important Guarantees for Implementing the Holistic Approach to National Security

五、强化落实总体国家安全观的重要保障

To implement the holistic approach to national security and safeguard national security on the new journey, we must give full play to political and institutional advantages, raise our stance, coordinate advancement, and strengthen guarantees, providing a strong guarantee for advancing Chinese-path modernization.

贯彻落实总体国家安全观、在新征程上维护国家安全，要充分发挥政治优势、体制优势，提高站位、统筹推进、加强保障，为推进中国式现代化提供坚强保障。

Strengthen political guarantees. Grasp the political direction, deeply study and thoroughly understand Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially the holistic approach to national security, as a political requirement, work need, and spiritual pursuit, and unswervingly follow the path of national security with Chinese characteristics. Give full play to political advantages, strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over national security work, adhere to the system of the Chairman of the Central National Security Commission assuming responsibility [9]9 The Central National Security Commission was established in 2013, with Xi Jinping as its chairman,, rely on Party organizations at all levels to fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of all departments and localities. Consolidate political forces, give play to the vanguard role of Party members and cadres, promote all sectors of society and the broad masses to consciously devote themselves to national security practice and form a strong synergy.

加强政治保障。把握政治方向，把学深悟透习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是总体国家安全观作为政治要求、工作需求、精神追求，坚定不移走中国特色国家安全道路。发挥政治优势，加强党对国家安全工作的绝对领导，坚持中央国家安全委员会主席负责制，依托各级党组织充分调动各部门各地方积极性主动性。凝聚政治力量，发挥党员干部先锋队作用，推动社会各界和广大群众自觉投身国家安全实践、形成强大合力。

Strengthen institutional guarantees. Create a combat-oriented system, build an integrated command platform, specialized support pillars, and systematic combat teams, promote the reshaping of the command system, the reconstruction of support forces, and the reorganization of combat units, and fully release the effectiveness, combat power, and synergy of the system. Deepen reform and innovation, promote the transformation from vertical management to flat management, from work management to modular management, from functional management to combat-oriented management, from means management to network-digital-intelligent management, and from team management to red-and-expert management [10], and accelerate the construction of a modernized national security work system and capability.

加强体制保障。创建实战体制，打造一体化指挥平台、专业化保障支柱、体系化实战团队，推动重塑指挥体系、重构支撑力量、重组作战单元，全面释放体制效力战力合力。深化改革创新，推动垂直管理向扁平化转变、工作管理向板块化转变、功能管理向实战化转变、手段管理向网数智化转变、队伍管理向红专化转变，加快构建现代化国家安全工作体系和能力。

Strengthen legal guarantees. Improve domestic rule of law, strengthen the legal guarantee for preventing new types of security risks, promote the combat-oriented, professional, and standardized construction of national security legal work, and accelerate the construction of a legal layout that advances legislation, law enforcement, judicature, and law popularization in parallel. Improve foreign-related rule of law, strengthen research on foreign-related rule of law in key areas, build a systematic and complete foreign-related legal system, enhance the effectiveness of foreign-related law enforcement and judicature, and continuously improve the ability and level of using legal means to safeguard national security.

加强法治保障。完善国内法治，强化新型安全风险防范的法治保障，推进国家安全法治工作实战化专业化规范化建设，加快构建立法执法司法普法并进的法治布局。完善涉外法治，加强重点领域涉外法治研究，建设系统完备的涉外法律体系，增强涉外执法司法效能，不断提高运用法治手段维护国家安全的能力水平。

Strengthen scientific and technological guarantees. Strengthen networking, create cutting-edge network technologies, and comprehensively enhance the ability to carry out national security struggles relying on network technology. Optimize data utilization, gather massive amounts of computing materials, make good use of powerful computing power, and innovate advanced algorithms to promote the improvement of national security safeguarding capabilities. Accelerate intelligentization, carry out forward-looking research and strategic layout, accelerate the implementation of intelligent development strategies, innovate and promote the “virtual bank” mechanism [11], promote technological exchange and sharing, and empower and enhance operational effectiveness through science and technology.

加强科技保障。做强网络化，打造网络尖端技术，全方位提升依托网络技术开展国家安全斗争的能力。做优数据化，汇聚海量算料、善用强大算力、创新先进算法，促进维护国家安全能力提升。做快智能化，开展前瞻研究和战略布局，加快实施智能化发展战略，创新推广“虚拟银行”机制，推进技术交流共享，以科技赋能增效助推业务成效提升。

Strengthen publicity guarantees. Seize important nodes such as the “4·15” National Security Education Day for All [12] and the “1·10” People’s Police Day [13], deeply carry out education on the holistic approach to national security, strengthen national security publicity for the entire populace, and continuously consolidate and expand the practical, institutional, and theoretical achievements of safeguarding national security. Grasp the publicity content, vividly tell the story of national security in innovative forms, so that the broad masses can better understand the “mysterious” work, “magical” charm, and sacred mission of the national security front. Grasp platform construction, build new media such as the WeChat public account of the Ministry of State Security, create positions for theoretical propaganda, legal education, and information release, and sing the main theme of safeguarding national security.

加强宣传保障。抓住“4·15”全民国家安全教育日、“1·10”人民警察节等重要节点，深入开展总体国家安全观教育，加强全民国家安全宣传，不断巩固拓展维护国家安全的实践成果、制度成果、理论成果。抓实宣传内容，以创新形式生动讲好国家安全故事，使广大群众更好了解国家安全战线的“神秘”工作、“神奇”魅力、神圣使命。抓好平台建设，建好国家安全部微信公众号等新媒体，打造理论宣介、普法教育、信息发布阵地，唱响维护国家安全主旋律。

Strengthen team guarantees. Forge absolute loyalty, keep in mind the general requirement of “firm and pure, reassuring the Party, willing to dedicate, capable of fighting and winning” [14], and enhance the ideological, political, and action consciousness of achieving the Two Upholds. Improve capability and literacy, guide cadres to strengthen ideological tempering, political training, practical exercise, professional training, struggle honing, and self-discipline cultivation, and continuously enhance professional ability and struggle skills. Comprehensively and strictly govern the Party and manage the police, improve and perfect the supervision layout that advances the “three non-corruptions” [15] in an integrated manner, focus on key areas and prominent issues, and strive to forge a loyal, clean, and responsible new-era national security iron army.

加强队伍保障。筑牢绝对忠诚，牢记“坚定纯洁、让党放心、甘于奉献、能拼善赢”总要求，增强做到“两个维护”的思想自觉、政治自觉、行动自觉。提升能力素养，引导广大干部加强思想淬炼、政治历练、实践锻炼、专业训练、斗争磨炼、自律修炼，不断提升业务能力和斗争本领。全面从严管党治警，健全完善一体推进“三不腐”的监督布局，紧盯重点领域和突出问题，努力锻造忠诚干净担当的新时代国安铁军。

(The author is Secretary of the Party Committee and Minister of the Ministry of State Security)

（作者系国家安全部党委书记、部长）

Online editor: Zhang Jian

网络编辑：张剑