The Target Positioning, Valuable Experience, and Upholding Fundamentals and Breaking New Ground of Talent Cultivation in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty

To meet the needs of ideological and political work in the new historical period of reform and opening up, in 1984 the Ministry of Education decided to establish the ideological and political education specialty in 12 institutions as the first batch, with a total enrollment plan of 360 students, adopting a formalized approach to cultivate specialized personnel of various specifications for ideological and political work; second-bachelor-degree programs in the ideological and political education specialty were opened in 6 institutions of higher education, with a total enrollment plan of 191 students, to train ideological and political work personnel for institutions of higher education. In 1984, there were a total of 15 institutions that first offered the ideological and political education specialty. Establishing the ideological and political education specialty was a pioneering undertaking. After 40 years of construction and development, the specialty has achieved important results in many aspects, including enrollment scale, team quality, talent cultivation, and research output. Cultivating specialized talent is the starting point and ultimate goal of establishing a discipline or specialty, and the quality of talent cultivation is the touchstone for testing the effectiveness of discipline and specialty construction. According to data from the “Sunshine College Entrance Examination” platform, as of the end of 2022, the national scale of regular college graduates in the ideological and political education specialty was 20,000 to 22,000 people. Based on anonymous voting by 21,000 students in this specialty, the students’ comprehensive satisfaction with the specialty was 4.1 points (out of a full score of 5 points). [1]1 The “Sunshine College Entrance Examination” (阳光高考) is an official online platform in China providing information on college admissions, programs, and student feedback. The successful experience of specialty talent cultivation over 40 years promotes upholding fundamentals and breaking new ground in talent cultivation in the New Era, and promotes the high-level development of the ideological and political education specialty by continuously optimizing the effectiveness of talent cultivation and improving the quality of talent cultivation.

为适应改革开放新的历史时期思想政治工作的需要，1984年教育部决定在12所院校首批增设思想政治教育专业，招生计划总数为360人，采取正规化方式培养各种规格的思想政治工作专门人才；在6所高等院校开设思想政治教育专业第二学士学位班，招生计划总数为191名，为高等学校培养思想政治工作人员。1984年首批开设思想政治教育专业的院校共有15所。设置思想政治教育专业是一项开创性的工作，经过40年建设发展，专业在招生规模、队伍素质、人才培养、研究成果等多方面取得了重要成就。培养专业人才是设置学科专业的出发点与落脚点，人才培养质量是检验学科专业建设成效的试金石。据“阳光高考”平台数据显示，截至2022年底，思想政治教育专业全国普通高校毕业生规模为2万至2.2万人，由本专业2.1万名学生实名投票，学生对本专业的综合满意度为4.1分（满分5分制）。[1]40年来专业人才培养的成功经验，推动新时代人才培养守正创新，通过不断优化人才培养效能、提升人才培养质量来促进思想政治教育专业实现高水平发展。

I. The Target Positioning of Talent Cultivation in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty

一、思想政治教育专业人才培养的目标定位

“What kind of people to cultivate” is the primary issue facing educational work. The cultivation objective is the foundation and guide for talent cultivation, influencing the formulation and implementation of the cultivation plan, and playing a leading role throughout the entire process of talent cultivation. Over the past 40 years, the disciplinary affiliation of the ideological and political education specialty has undergone multiple changes. Talent cultivation has been continuously optimized and adjusted around the main objective of “specialized personnel for ideological and political work,” and the positioning of cultivation objectives, cultivation specifications, and cultivation levels has gradually become perfected and stable.

“培养什么样的人”是教育工作面对的首要问题。培养目标是人才培育的基础与向导，影响着培养方案的制定与实施，在人才培养全过程中发挥引领作用。40年来，思想政治教育专业学科归属发生过多次变动，人才培养围绕“思想政治教育工作专门人才”这一主体目标不断优化调整，人才培养目标、培养规格、培养层次的定位逐渐完善稳定。

1. The Cultivation Objective Enriched and Expanded Around “Specialized Personnel at Various Levels for Ideological and Political Work”

1. 围绕“思想政治教育工作各级专门人才”丰富拓展的培养目标

First, cultivating specialized personnel engaged in ideological and political education work in Party and government organs, mass organizations, enterprises, and institutions. The “Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Establishing the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Twelve Institutions” issued in April 1984 pointed out that the cultivation objective of the ideological and political education specialty was “to enable students to become specialized personnel for ideological and political work who are developed comprehensively in morality, intelligence, and physique, and who are both red and expert.” [2]2 “Three-good” students (三好学生) refers to students who are good in three aspects: good in moral character, good in academic performance, and good in physical health. It is a long-standing honorary title in the Chinese education system.(P569) The nature of the ideological and political education specialty determines the unity of “redness” and “expertise” in talent cultivation. “Redness” is the distinct foundation of “expertise,” and “expertise” is the scientific support for “redness.” “On the one hand, we must oppose armchair politicians; on the other hand, we must oppose practical workers who have lost their direction.” [3]3 “Double First-Class” (双一流) is a Chinese government initiative launched in 2017 to develop a group of world-class universities and first-class disciplines by the end of 2050.(P351) In a certain sense, “redness” and “expertise” are the relationship between virtue and ability. According to the “Notice of the State Education Commission on Several Issues Concerning Undergraduate Enrollment in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty” issued in 1989, this specialty was designed to cultivate specialized personnel for ideological and political education who possess both ability and moral integrity. [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P95) The “Catalogue of Undergraduate Programs in Regular Institutions of Higher Education and Program Descriptions” published in 1998 specified that the ideological and political education specialty cultivates “specialized personnel capable of engaging in ideological and political work in Party and government organs, schools, enterprises, and institutions.” [5]5 The reference “[9](P610)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P49) The “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving College Student Ideological and Political Education” issued in 2004 emphasized that “the construction of the ideological and political education discipline must be strengthened, and specialized personnel for ideological and political education work must be cultivated.” [6]6 The “New Era” (新时代) refers to the period following the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guiding ideology.(P1118) The specific content of the objective of cultivating “specialized personnel engaged in ideological and political education work” differs according to the enrollment targets at different educational levels and the work departments after graduation. For example, the junior college level of ideological and political education mainly cultivates teachers engaged in teaching ideological and political courses in primary and secondary schools and educators engaged in management work in administrative institutions; the goal of in-service college counselors pursuing doctoral degrees in the ideological and political education specialty is to cultivate specialized personnel for carrying out college student ideological and political education and daily management work.

第一，培养在党政群团、企事业单位从事思想政治教育工作的专门人才。1984年4月发布的《教育部关于在十二所院校设置思想政治教育专业的意见》指出，思想政治教育专业的培养目标是“使学生成为德智体全面发展、又红又专的思想政治工作的专门人材”。[2](P569)思想政治教育专业特性决定了人才培养中“红”与“专”的统一性，“红”是“专”的鲜明底色，“专”是“红”的科学支撑。“一方面要反对空头政治家，另一方面要反对迷失方向的实际家。”[3](P351)“红”与“专”在一定意义上是德与才的关系。根据1989年发布的《国家教育委员会关于思想政治教育专业本科招生工作几个问题的通知》，本专业是为了培养德才兼备的思想政治教育专门人才。[4](P95)1998年出版的《普通高等学校本科专业目录和专业介绍》指明，思想政治教育专业培养“能在党政机关、学校、企事业单位从事思想政治工作的专门人才”。[5](P49)2004年发布的《中共中央、国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》强调，“要加强思想政治教育学科建设，培养思想政治教育工作专门人才。”[6](P1118)培养“从事思想政治教育工作的专门人才”这一目标的具体内容因不同办学层次的招生对象及毕业后工作部门的不同而有所区别。例如，思想政治教育专科主要培养从事中小学思想政治课教学的教师和从事行政事业单位管理工作的教育工作者；高校辅导员在职攻读思想政治教育专业博士学位的目标是培养开展大学生思想政治教育和日常管理工作的专门人才。

Second, cultivating high-level specialized personnel engaged in teaching and scientific research in this specialty in institutions of higher education and research institutions. To improve the level of talent cultivation and meet the demand for high-level talent cultivation, the objective of cultivating high-level specialized personnel was established. In 1984, the cultivation objective set for the second-bachelor-degree program in the ideological and political education specialty was “to enable students to become high-level specialized personnel for ideological and political work who are developed comprehensively in morality, intelligence, and physique, and who are both red and expert,” [2]2 “Three-good” students (三好学生) refers to students who are good in three aspects: good in moral character, good in academic performance, and good in physical health. It is a long-standing honorary title in the Chinese education system.(P573) and after graduation they could engage in teaching and scientific research in ideological and political education. The “Implementation Opinions on Cultivating Master’s Degree Students in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty” in 1987 pointed out that this specialty cultivates high-level specialized personnel engaged in ideological and political education work, “currently mainly cultivating ideological and political workers and teaching and research personnel for the ideological and political education specialty for institutions of higher education and Party and government organs.” [2]2 “Three-good” students (三好学生) refers to students who are good in three aspects: good in moral character, good in academic performance, and good in physical health. It is a long-standing honorary title in the Chinese education system.(P707) The “Catalogue of Undergraduate Programs in Regular Institutions of Higher Education and Program Descriptions” published in 1993 pointed out that the ideological and political education specialty “cultivates high-level specialized personnel who are developed comprehensively in morality, intelligence, and physique, capable of engaging in practical work in ideological and political education as well as teaching and research work in this specialty.” [7]7 “Gold courses” (金课) is a term used in Chinese higher education policy to refer to high-quality, challenging, and innovative courses, as opposed to “water courses” (水课), which are considered low-quality or superficial.(P67) The “Catalogue of Undergraduate Programs in Regular Institutions of Higher Education and Program Descriptions” published in 1998 distinguished between “Ideological and Political Education” and “Ideological and Political Education (Teacher Training),” where the cultivation objective of “Ideological and Political Education (Teacher Training)” was “high-level specialized personnel capable of engaging in teaching and scientific research in the discipline of Marxist theory and ideological and political education in secondary schools and above.” [5]5 The reference “[9](P610)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P49) The high-level specialized personnel cultivated by the ideological and political education specialty are those capable of conducting theoretical research on ideological and political education and producing creative results in the teaching and research of ideological and political theory courses.

第二，培养在高校和研究机关从事本专业教学和科研的高级专门人才。为了提高人才培养水平，满足高层次人才培养需求，确立了培养高级专门人才的目标。1984年，思想政治教育专业第二学士学位班确定的培养目标是“使学生成为德智体全面发展、又红又专的思想政治工作的高级专门人才”，[2](P573)毕业后可以从事思想政治教育的教学和科研工作。1987年《关于思想政治教育专业培养硕士研究生的实施意见》指出，本专业培养从事思想政治教育工作的高级专门人才，“目前主要为高等学校及党政机关培养思想政治工作者和思想政治教育专业的教学、科研人员”。[2](P707)1993年出版的《普通高等学校本科专业目录和专业简介》指出，思想政治教育专业“培养德智体全面发展的能从事思想政治教育的实际工作以及本专业教学与研究工作的高级专门人才。”[7](P67)1998年出版的《普通高等学校本科专业目录和专业介绍》，对“思想政治教育”和“思想政治教育（师范类）”进行区分，其中思想政治教育（师范类）的培养目标是“能在中等以上学校从事马克思主义理论与思想政治教育学科的教学、科研的高级专门人才”。[5](P49)思想政治教育专业培养的高层次专门人才是能够进行思想政治教育理论研究，能够产生创造性成果的思想政治理论课教学与研究型人才。

Third, cultivating “compound talents who can engage in teaching and research work in this specialty in schools and research institutions, and can also engage in propaganda, organization, management, and ideological and political work based on this specialty in Party and government organs and enterprises and institutions.” [8]8 “Low-level red” (低级红) refers to well-intentioned but clumsy or exaggerated expressions of loyalty that actually harm the Party’s image; “high-level black” (高级黑) refers to seemingly positive statements that subtly undermine or satirize the Party and its policies. Both terms are used in internal Party discourse to warn against counterproductive propaganda.(P73) The “Opinions of the State Education Commission on Running the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Institutions of Higher Education” issued in 1993 pointed out that the cultivation objective of the ideological and political education specialty is specialized personnel at various levels engaged in ideological and political work in Party and government organs, schools, enterprises, and institutions, including ideological and political work cadres as well as teaching and research personnel in ideological and political education. [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P133) To improve the degree of fit between talent cultivation and social needs, and to continuously meet the development needs of the talent market, under the guiding principles and basic requirements of “solid foundation, broad scope, high quality, and strong ability,” the “Catalogue of Undergraduate Programs in Regular Institutions of Higher Education and Program Descriptions” published in 2012 proposed that the ideological and political education specialty should focus on cultivating compound talents, making the scope of talent cultivation in the ideological and political education specialty broader and more reasonable. In January 2024, the China Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Society released the “Brief Introduction to Graduate Education Disciplines and Their Basic Degree Requirements (Trial Version),” requiring the cultivation of specialized personnel competent in theoretical research, education and teaching, propaganda, and practical work related to this discipline. The cultivation objective of the ideological and political education discipline has tended to become stable.

第三，培养“既能在学校和科研机构从事本专业的教学、研究工作，又能在党政机关和企事业单位从事以本专业为基础的宣传、组织、管理、思想政治工作的复合型人才”。[8](P73)1993年发布的《国家教育委员会关于高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的意见》指出，思想政治教育专业的培养目标是在党政机关、学校、企事业单位从事思想政治工作的各级专门人才，包括思想政治工作干部以及思想政治教育的教学、科研人员。[4](P133)为了提高人才培养与社会需求之间的适配度，不断满足人才市场的发展需要，在“厚基础、宽口径、高素质、强能力”的指导原则和基本要求下，2012年出版的《普通高等学校本科专业目录和专业介绍》提出，思想政治教育专业要着力培养复合型人才，使得思想政治教育专业人才培养口径更加开阔合理。2024年1月中国学位与研究生教育学会发布《研究生教育学科专业简介及其学位基本要求（试行版）》，要求培养能胜任与本学科相关的理论研究、教育教学、宣传和实际工作的专门人才，思想政治教育学科人才培养目标趋于稳定。

2. Cultivation Specifications with Multiple Indicators of “Political Literacy—Professional Knowledge—Work Ability”

2. 具备“政治素养—专业知识—工作能力”多重指标的培养规格

First, possessing a political-theoretical literacy and ideological-moral quality guided by Marxism. Ideological and political education is an applied specialty based on Marxist theory. Its disciplinary nature and training objectives determine that ideological and political quality must be placed first in talent cultivation. This specialty requires students to earnestly study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; to uphold the Party’s basic line, principles, and policies; to strengthen their faith in Marxism, their belief in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and their confidence in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; and to be able to analyze and solve problems using the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method. On this basis, students must establish a scientific worldview, outlook on life, and value system; possess a strong sense of social responsibility and mission; be patriotic and dedicated, honest and trustworthy, and abide by laws and discipline; form good moral qualities; adhere to academic ethics; and consciously practice the core socialist values.

第一，具备以马克思主义为指导的政治理论素养和思想道德品质。思想政治教育专业是以马克思主义理论为基础的应用型专业，专业性质及其培养目标决定了必须将思想政治素质放在人才培养的首位。本专业要求学生认真学习马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚持党的基本路线、方针、政策，坚定马克思主义信仰、中国特色社会主义信念和实现中华民族伟大复兴的信心，能够用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法分析和解决问题。在此基础上，学生要树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观，具有强烈的社会责任感和使命感，爱国敬业，诚实守信，遵纪守法，形成良好的道德品质，恪守学术道德，自觉践行社会主义核心价值观。

Second, possessing systematic professional theoretical knowledge and a broad knowledge base in philosophy and social sciences. First, solidly mastering the relevant knowledge of the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, with a firm theoretical foundation in Marxism. Students of ideological and political education must master the basic principles of Marxism and scientific methods of analysis, as well as the foundational theories of Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy, and scientific socialism. Second, systematically mastering the professional knowledge of the second-level discipline of ideological and political education. Professional knowledge is an important manifestation of the independence and specificity of the ideological and political education specialty and is the theoretical support for cultivating specialized personnel. The training targets must not only possess basic professional knowledge such as the principles of ideological and political education, the methodology of ideological and political education, and the history of the CPC’s ideological and political education, but also pay attention to the theoretical frontiers and academic development trends of the specialty. Third, possessing a relatively broad knowledge of philosophy and social sciences and necessary knowledge of natural sciences. Understanding Chinese history, excellent traditional culture, and the history of Chinese and foreign political thought, with good cultural cultivation; upholding the scientific spirit and mastering basic scientific methods; possessing the basic knowledge of foreign languages and computer operations required for engaging in this specialty.

第二，具备系统的专业理论知识和较宽的哲学社会科学知识面。一是扎实掌握马克思主义理论一级学科的相关知识，具备坚实的马克思主义理论基础。思想政治教育专业的学生要掌握马克思主义的基本原理和科学的分析方法，掌握马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学、科学社会主义等基础理论。二是系统掌握思想政治教育二级学科的专业知识。专业知识是思想政治教育专业独立性与特殊性的重要体现，是培养专门人才的学理支撑。培养对象既要具备思想政治教育学原理、思想政治教育方法论、中国共产党思想政治教育史等基础专业知识，又要关注专业的理论前沿和学术发展动态。三是具有较为广博的哲学社会科学知识和必要的自然科学知识。了解中国历史、优秀传统文化及中外政治思想史，具备良好的文化修养；崇尚科学精神，掌握基本的科学方法；具有从事本专业所需的外语和计算机操作等基本知识。

Third, possessing the practical work skills and abilities needed to engage in ideological and political education work. Ideological and political education is an applied discipline with a distinct practical character, cultivating applied talents who will devote themselves to practical ideological and political education work. First, possessing relatively strong basic work abilities, including the ability to solve practical problems, organizational management ability, social practice ability, learning ability, the ability to read classic works, logical thinking ability, communication and expression ability, information processing and judgment ability, and teamwork ability. Second, possessing relatively strong professional work abilities, such as the ability to manage ideological and political education, the ability to propagate and agitate, the ability to conduct mass organization work, and the ability to analyze social trends of thought. These are the core abilities that ideological and political education should focus on cultivating. Third, possessing relatively strong scientific research abilities. Especially for high-level talents engaged in ideological and political education research work, they should possess research qualities such as literature retrieval ability, information processing ability, academic innovation ability, thesis writing ability, and academic exchange ability.

第三，具备从事思想政治教育工作所需要的实际工作技巧与能力。思想政治教育是具有鲜明实践性的应用型学科，培养的是投身实际思想政治教育工作的应用型人才。一是具备较强的基本工作能力，包括解决实际问题的能力、组织管理能力、社会实践能力、学习能力、经典著作阅读能力、逻辑思维能力、沟通表达能力、信息处理和研判能力、团队合作能力等。二是具备较强的专业工作能力，例如思想政治教育管理能力、宣传鼓动能力、群团工作能力、分析社会思潮的能力等，这是思想政治教育要着重培养的核心能力。三是具备较强的科学研究能力，尤其是从事思想政治教育科研工作的高层次人才，应具备文献资料检索能力、信息处理能力、学术创新能力、论文写作能力、学术交流能力等科研素质。

3. The cultivation levels that run through the complete system of “(junior college) undergraduate—post-undergraduate education—graduate education”

3. 贯通“（专科）本科—本科后教育—研究生”完备体系的培养层次

First, cultivating junior college and undergraduate students in the ideological and political education specialty. The “Opinions of the State Education Commission on Running the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Institutions of Higher Education” pointed out that the junior college class and the four-year undergraduate class of ideological and political education “recruit fresh high school graduates, outstanding graduates from specialized secondary schools, and in-service personnel with practical experience and equivalent academic qualifications. Enrollment is conducted through the national unified college entrance examination or a combination of exemption from examination and recommended application.” [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P133) It also stipulated that students from other specialties in institutions offering the ideological and political education specialty, who are in their first or second year of undergraduate or junior college studies, aspire to engage in ideological and political education work, are excellent in character and scholarship, and are university-level or above “three-good” students [2]2 “Three-good” students (三好学生) refers to students who are good in three aspects: good in moral character, good in academic performance, and good in physical health. It is a long-standing honorary title in the Chinese education system. or outstanding student cadres, may, upon personal application, with the consent and recommendation of their original department, review by the host department of the ideological and political education specialty, and approval by the relevant school authorities, transfer to the corresponding academic level of the ideological and political education specialty for study. [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P133) In addition to the four-year undergraduate class, in order to train and improve the existing group of full-time ideological and political work cadres in schools who already have junior college diplomas, two-year undergraduate classes for junior college graduates were held in regular institutions of higher education, starting enrollment in 1985, with graduates returning to their original schools after completion. To implement the “National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan,” the Ministry of Education issued the “Vocational Education Specialty Catalogue (2021),” renaming the “Ideological and Political Education” junior college specialty to “Primary School Moral and Rule of Law Education” junior college. After 40 years of construction and development, as of April 2024, a total of 305 institutions nationwide are recruiting undergraduate students in the ideological and political education specialty, among which 49 are “Double First-Class” [3]3 “Double First-Class” (双一流) is a Chinese government initiative launched in 2017 to develop a group of world-class universities and first-class disciplines by the end of 2050. construction universities, accounting for approximately 16%.

第一，培养思想政治教育专业的大专生和本科生。《国家教育委员会关于高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的意见》指出，思想政治教育专科班、四年制本科班“招收应届高中毕业生、中等专业学校优秀毕业生以及具有实践经验和同等学力的在职人员。采取通过全国高校统一入学考试或保送免试与推荐报考相结合的办法招生”。[4](P133)并规定开设思想政治教育专业的高校中其他专业的本、专科一、二年级有志于思想政治教育工作、品学兼优的校级以上三好学生或优秀学生干部，经本人申请，原所在系同意和推荐，思想政治教育专业主办系审核，学校有关部门批准，可转相应学历层次的思想政治教育专业学习。[4](P133)除了四年制本科班以外，为了培养、提高学校现有的一批已具有高等专科毕业学历的专职思想政治工作干部，在普通高等学校日校举办大专起点两年制本科班，从1985年开始招生，学员毕业后回原学校工作。为贯彻《国家职业教育改革实施方案》，教育部印发《职业教育专业目录（2021年）》，将“思想政治教育”专科更名为“小学道德与法治教育”专科。经过40年的建设发展，截至2024年4月，全国共有305所院校招收思想政治教育专业本科生，其中“双一流”建设高校有49所，占比约为16%。

Second, cultivating second bachelor’s degree students in the ideological and political education specialty. To train backbone cadres for ideological and political work in institutions of higher education, in 1984 the Ministry of Education approved six institutions, including Tsinghua University and Beijing Normal College (now Capital Normal University), to pilot the first batch of second bachelor’s degree classes in the ideological and political education specialty, cultivating interdisciplinary composite senior specialized talents for ideological and political work. This level of education belongs to post-undergraduate education, different from a double major (minor). The curriculum for the second bachelor’s degree class in the ideological and political education specialty is basically the same as that of the undergraduate class of this specialty, with the type being a two-year full-time class. To improve the ideological and political quality and professional level of full-time ideological and political education personnel in institutions of higher education and provide them with more learning opportunities, in 1987 the first batch of in-service second bachelor’s degree classes in the ideological and political education specialty were piloted at Tsinghua University, Nankai University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Fudan University, and Central China Normal University, with the type being a three-year part-time class (generally completed within three to four years). The training objectives, curriculum, teaching hours, examination subjects, and degree conferral of the in-service second bachelor’s degree class are the same as those of the full-time second bachelor’s degree class in the ideological and political education specialty. In July 2019, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council decided to stop recruiting second bachelor’s degree students from 2022. To implement the spirit of the “Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Responding to the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Strengthening Measures to Stabilize Employment,” and to create more re-learning opportunities for college graduates, in May 2020 the “Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Continuing to Carry Out Second Bachelor’s Degree Education in Regular Institutions of Higher Education” was issued, deciding to continue second bachelor’s degree education. Second bachelor’s degree education is an important channel for cultivating composite talents, conducive to optimizing the talent cultivation structure and enhancing students’ employability and entrepreneurial ability.

第二，培养思想政治教育专业的第二学士学位生。为培养高等学校思想政治工作骨干，1984年教育部批准清华大学、北京师范学院（现首都师范大学）等6所高等院校首批试点开办思想政治教育专业第二学士学位班，培养跨学科的复合型思想政治工作高级专门人才，在办学层次上属于大学本科后教育，不同于双学位（辅修）。思想政治教育专业第二学士学位班的课程设置与本专业本科班基本相同，类型为二年制脱产班。为了提高高等学校思想政治教育专职人员的思想政治素质和业务水平，为其提供更多学习机会，1987年在清华大学、南开大学、西安交通大学、复旦大学、华中师范大学首批试办思想政治教育专业在职第二学士学位班，类型为三年制半脱产班（一般在三至四年内完成）。在职第二学士学位班培养目标、课程设置、教学时数、考试考查科目及学位授予等均与思想政治教育专业全脱产第二学士学位班相同。2019年7月，国务院学位委员会曾决定从2022年起停止招收第二学士学位生，为贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于应对新冠肺炎疫情影响强化稳就业举措的实施意见》精神，为高校毕业生创造更多再学习机会，2020年5月《教育部办公厅关于在普通高校继续开展第二学士学位教育的通知》发布，决定继续实行第二学士学位教育。第二学士学位教育是培养复合型人才的重要渠道，有利于优化人才培养结构，增强学生就业创业能力。

Third, cultivating master’s and doctoral students in the ideological and political education specialty. In order to strengthen the disciplinary and specialty construction of ideological and political education, open up effective pathways for cultivating high-level specialized talents in ideological and political education, and continuously adapt to the needs of socialist construction during the new period of reform and opening up, the State Education Commission issued in 1987 the *Opinions on Implementing the Cultivation of Master’s Students in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty*, deciding that the ideological and political education specialty would begin cultivating master’s students starting in 1988, with the first cohort of students enrolled by ten institutions including Fudan University, Nankai University, and Wuhan University. At that time, it was stipulated that enrollment was limited to on-the-job personnel engaged in ideological and political education work in ordinary institutions of higher learning, for the purpose of cultivating high-level specialized talents engaged in ideological and political education work. In the *Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master’s Degrees and Cultivating Graduate Students* issued and implemented in 1990 by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the State Education Commission, ideological and political education, as a second-level discipline under the first-level discipline of political science, recruited master’s students, listed alongside Marxist theoretical education. In the *Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master’s Degrees and Cultivating Graduate Students* promulgated in 1997, the second-level discipline of Marxist theory and the second-level discipline of ideological and political education were merged into the second-level discipline of “Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education” for enrollment and cultivation. In 2005, on the basis of revising the *Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master’s Degrees and Cultivating Graduate Students*, it was decided to add the first-level discipline of Marxist theory and its subordinate second-level disciplines, adjusting the original second-level discipline of “Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education” under the first-level discipline of political science to be under the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, recruiting graduate students under the second-level disciplines of “Basic Principles of Marxism” and “Ideological and Political Education” respectively. In addition, in order to further improve the political quality and professional level of backbone teachers of ideological and political theory courses and college counselors, and to strengthen the construction of the ideological and political work team, in 2008 the Ministry of Education decided to implement the “Plan for College Counselors to Pursue Doctoral Degrees in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty” and the “Special Plan for In-Service College Ideological and Political Theory Course Teachers to Pursue Doctoral Degrees in Marxist Theory.” Both “plans” adopted an on-the-job study method for targeted cultivation. To ensure a continuous supply of high-quality personnel for the team of ideological and political theory course teachers, the Ministry of Education began implementing the “Special Support Plan for the Cultivation of Reserve Talents for the College Ideological and Political Theory Course Teacher Team” in 2018. This special plan is jointly undertaken by 50 institutions including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, and Beijing Normal University, recruiting master’s and doctoral students for non-targeted cultivation.

第三，培养思想政治教育专业的硕士研究生和博士研究生。为了加强思想政治教育学科专业建设，开辟培养思想政治教育高层次专门人才的有效途径，不断适应改革开放新时期社会主义建设事业的需要，国家教育委员会1987年印发《关于思想政治教育专业培养硕士研究生的实施意见》，决定思想政治教育专业从1988年开始培养硕士研究生，并由复旦大学、南开大学、武汉大学等10所高校首批招生。当时规定仅限从普通高等学校从事思想政治教育工作的在职人员中招生，培养从事思想政治教育工作的高级专门人才。1990年国务院学位委员会和国家教育委员会发布实施的《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录》中，思想政治教育作为政治学一级学科下的二级学科招收硕士生，与马克思主义理论教育并列。1997年颁布的《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录》中，将马克思主义理论二级学科与思想政治教育二级学科合并为“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”二级学科进行招生培养。2005年在修订《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录》的基础上，决定增设马克思主义理论一级学科及所属二级学科，将原政治学一级学科下的“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”二级学科调整到马克思主义理论一级学科下，分别以“马克思主义基本原理”和“思想政治教育”二级学科招收研究生。此外，为了进一步提高思想政治理论课骨干教师和高校辅导员的政治素质和专业水平，加强思想政治教育工作队伍建设，2008年教育部决定实施“高校辅导员攻读思想政治教育专业博士学位计划”和“高校思想政治理论课教师在职攻读马克思主义理论博士学位专项计划”，两个“计划”均采取在职攻读的学习方式，进行定向培养。为保障思想政治理论课教师队伍有源源不断的高质量人员供给，教育部自2018年开始实施“高校思想政治理论课教师队伍后备人才培养专项支持计划”，该专项计划由北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学等50所高校共同承担，招收硕士研究生和博士研究生，进行非定向培养。

II. Valuable Experience in the Cultivation of Ideological and Political Education Professionals

二、思想政治教育专业人才培养的宝贵经验

The ideological and political education specialty is an applied discipline that “has a strong political, ideological, practical, and comprehensive character”[4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P133). The experience accumulated in practice, such as adhering to the political direction, integrating theory with practice, and strengthening disciplinary support, constitutes a valuable asset for carrying forward the past and opening up the future, and has important reference value and significance for future talent cultivation.

思想政治教育专业是“具有很强的政治性、思想性、实践性和综合性”[4](P133)的应用学科，在实践中积累的坚持政治方向、理论联系实际、强化学科支撑等经验是继往开来的宝贵财富，对今后的人才培养具有重要参考价值和借鉴意义。

1. Adhering to the Correct Political Direction: Firmly Grasping the Ideological Attribute of Cultivating Ideological and Political Education Professionals

1. 坚持正确政治方向：牢牢把握思政专业人才培养的意识形态属性

First, adhering to the Party’s comprehensive leadership over the cultivation of ideological and political education professionals. Ideological and political education has a distinct class character. Serving the Chinese Communist Party’s governance and administration of the country, and cultivating talent for building a great modern socialist country, are the general requirements of socialist education, and even more so the basic stance of cultivating ideological and political education professionals. Adhering to the Party’s comprehensive leadership over the cultivation of ideological and political education professionals is an important project for strengthening the Party’s ideological and theoretical construction and grasping ideological work well. It is the fundamental guarantee for achieving high-quality development of ideological and political education, and a practical answer to the basic question of “for whom to cultivate people.” Ensuring the guiding status and strong support of Party committees at all levels in aspects such as course teaching, textbook compilation, and teacher training; under the unified and centralized leadership of the Party Central Committee, having the National Textbook Committee guide and review the curriculum standards, teaching syllabi, and teaching materials used in the ideological and political education specialty; fully guaranteeing the funding and material conditions required for cultivating ideological and political education professionals; and effectively playing the role of “setting the direction, managing the overall situation, making decisions, and ensuring implementation.”

第一，坚持党对思政专业人才培养的全面领导。思想政治教育具有鲜明的阶级性，为中国共产党治国理政服务、为建设社会主义现代化强国育才是社会主义教育的一般要求，更是思想政治教育专业人才培养的基本立场。坚持党对思想政治教育专业人才培养的全面领导，是加强党的思想理论建设、抓好意识形态工作的重要工程，是实现思想政治教育专业高质量发展的根本保证，是对“为谁培养人”这一基本问题的实践回答。保证各级党委在课程教学、教材编写和师资培训等方面的指导地位和有力支持，在党中央集中统一领导下由国家教材委员会指导和审查思想政治教育专业课程标准、教学大纲、使用教材等教学内容，充分保障思政专业人才培养所需的经费和物质条件，切实发挥好“把方向、管大局、作决策、保落实”的作用。

Second, upholding a firm socialist political stance. Ideological and political education is based on Marxist theory and cultivates socialist builders and successors. If the people being cultivated have problems in their class stance or political direction, it will produce extremely serious consequences. Maintaining the unity of political nature and scientific nature is an inherent requirement for cultivating ideological and political education professionals. “The quality of degree conferral should, of course, appropriately consider international equivalence in comparable aspects, but in the final analysis, it must be tested by the practice of socialist construction, have Chinese characteristics, and cannot copy foreign models.”[9](P610) Using scientific professional theory to draw clear boundaries between socialism and capitalism, and between scientific socialism and democratic socialism; correctly identifying and consciously resisting the erosion of bourgeois liberalization and the decadent ideologies of all exploiting classes; and strengthening political identification with socialism with Chinese characteristics on the basis of scientific understanding.

第二，秉持坚定的社会主义政治立场。思想政治教育以马克思主义理论为基础，培养的是社会主义的建设者和接班人。如果培养的人在阶级立场、政治方向上出现问题，将会产生极其严重的后果。保持政治性与科学性相统一是思想政治教育专业人才培养的内在要求，“学位授予的质量当然要在可比方面适当考虑与国际上的对等性，但归根结底是要接受社会主义建设实践的检验，要有中国特色，不能照搬外国”。[9](P610)以科学的专业理论划清社会主义与资本主义、科学社会主义与民主社会主义的本质界限，正确识别并自觉抵御资产阶级自由化和一切剥削阶级腐朽思想的侵蚀，在科学认识的基础上强化对中国特色社会主义的政治认同。

Third, using Marxism and its innovative theoretical achievements adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to guide talent cultivation. “Marxist theory is the main course of the ideological and political education specialty, occupying a core position in the teaching content at all levels of schooling. The teaching content of all other courses must adhere to the guidance of Marxism.”[4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P134-135) Using Marxism and its theoretical achievements adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to guide education and teaching is an important measure for unifying thinking with the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and arming students with scientific theory. Relevant departments have promulgated and implemented important documents such as the *Opinions of the Party Leadership Group of the Ministry of Education on Thoroughly Studying and Implementing the Spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Speeches in the Education System*, integrating the Party’s latest spirit into professional teaching, explaining the Party’s theoretical innovation achievements and the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics accurately, deeply, thoroughly, and vividly, promoting the Party’s latest achievements to enter textbooks, enter classrooms, and enter minds, and consolidating and giving full play to the position and role of Marxism as a firm stronghold.

第三，用马克思主义及其中国化时代化的创新理论成果引领人才培养。“马克思主义理论是思想政治教育专业的主课，在各个办学层次的教学内容中处于核心地位，其他各科教学内容都必须坚持以马克思主义为指导。”[4](P134-135)以马克思主义及其中国化时代化理论成果指导教育教学，是将思想统一到党中央决策部署、用科学的理论武装学生的重要举措。相关部门颁布实施了中共教育部党组关于教育系统深入学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神的意见等重要文件，将党的最新精神融入专业教学，讲准、讲深、讲透、讲活党的理论创新成果和中国特色社会主义伟大实践，推动党的最新成果进教材、进课堂、进头脑，巩固和发挥好马克思主义坚强阵地的地位和作用。

2. Adhering to Integrating Theory with Practice: Properly Handling the Relationship between Ideological and Political Theory Education and Practical Application

2. 坚持理论联系实际：处理好思政理论教育与现实应用之间的关系

First, cultivating useful talents who meet the needs of socialist modernization construction. Any specialty is established based on the strategic development needs of the Party and the state. Achieving the unity of a social problem orientation and a professional education orientation is an inherent requirement of talent cultivation. Ideological and political education is a discipline that uses the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method to study the laws of formation and development of people’s ideological and moral character and the laws of education. It aims to educate people to establish a correct worldview, outlook on life, and value system, and has important value for promoting the construction of socialist cultural-ethical progress and the Party’s ideological and theoretical construction. The basic responsibility of ideological and political education is to center on the core task and serve the overall situation. Talent cultivation is oriented towards building a great modern socialist country, takes the major theoretical and practical issues in the ideological sphere during China’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization construction as its soil, focuses on “solving the problem of the degree system and graduate education not fully adapting to the needs of construction,”[9](P610) and cultivates professional talents who can withstand the test of socialist construction practice and history.

第一，培养适应社会主义现代化建设需要的有用人才。任何专业都是基于党和国家发展战略需要而设立的，实现社会问题导向与专业育人导向相统一是人才培养的应有之义。思想政治教育是运用马克思主义立场观点方法研究人的思想品德形成发展规律及教育规律的学科，旨在教育人们树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，对促进社会主义精神文明建设和党的思想理论建设具有重要价值。思想政治教育的基本职责是围绕中心、服务大局，人才培养以社会主义现代化强国建设为导向，以我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设中意识形态领域的重大理论和实践问题为土壤，着力“解决学位制度和研究生教育与建设需要不完全适应的问题”，[9](P610)培养经得起社会主义建设实践和历史检验的专业人才。

Second, the educational content aligns with the actual ideological state of students, emphasizing the theoretical explanation of the disparity between theory and reality. Integrating theory with practice is the fine style of study and scientific spirit of Marxism, but theory and practice are often asynchronous; the disparity between theoretical education and social reality can reduce the credibility and persuasiveness of theory. This disparity arises, first, from the fact that students’ cognitive level is insufficient to fully comprehend the laws of social development, with superficial understanding outweighing substantive understanding; second, from the fact that the complete exposure of social contradictions requires a longer process. Enhancing the persuasiveness and appeal of the ideological and political education specialty is a key link in improving the effectiveness of talent cultivation. On the subjective level, this means basing education on the actual ideological state of the educational subjects, following the general laws of degree education and the specific characteristics of the ideological and political specialty, grasping students’ ideological trends and psychological traits, meeting their actual needs, and, in response to the hot and difficult issues that concern students, conducting targeted education from the integration of theory and practice, helping students see the inner essence through external phenomena. On the objective level, this means explaining in conjunction with the changing and developing social reality, using practical cases to clarify the internal connection between the educational subjects’ ideological understanding and environmental changes, and enhancing the positive feedback of practical reality on professional theory.

第二，教育内容贴合学生思想实际，注重理论与现实差异性的学理阐释。理论联系实际是马克思主义的优良学风与科学精神，但理论与实践往往具有不同步性，理论教育与社会现实的差异性会降低理论的可信性与说服力。这种差异一是源于学生认知水平不足以完全认清社会发展规律，表象性认识多于实质性认识；二是源于社会矛盾的完全暴露需要较长过程。增强思想政治教育专业的说服力与吸引力是提高人才培养实效性的关键一环，一是在主观层面立足教育对象的思想实际，遵循学位教育的一般规律和思政专业的特性，把握学生的思想动态和心理特点，贴近学生的实际需求，针对学生关注的热点难点问题，从理论与实际的结合中进行有针对性的教育，帮助学生透过外在现象看到内在本质；二是在客观层面结合变化发展的社会现实进行阐释，运用实际案例阐明教育对象思想认识与环境变化的内在联系，增强现实实践对专业理论的正向反馈。

Third, effectively combining professional advantages with career prospects. The employment rate and employment satisfaction are important indicators for measuring the quality of talent cultivation. Combining professional education with career planning and employment needs can improve the adaptability of educational subjects to the talent market. The ideological and political education specialty cultivates specialized talents at various levels who engage in ideological and political work and teaching-scientific research in Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, and schools. Guided by high-quality employment, it aligns the training plan, educational content, training objectives, and employment direction, strengthening the cultivation of application-oriented talents. This is an important approach to alleviating the structural contradiction between supply and demand in the talent market.

第三，将专业优势与职业前景有效结合。就业率与就业满意度是衡量人才培养质量的重要指标，专业教育与职业规划、就业需求相结合能够提高教育对象对人才市场的适应性。思想政治教育专业培养的是在党政机关、企事业单位和学校从事思想政治工作及教学科研工作的各级专门人才，以高质量就业为导向，使培养方案、教育内容与培养目标、就业方向相匹配，强化应用型人才培养，这是缓解人才与市场间供需结构性矛盾的重要思路。

3. Persisting in Strengthening Disciplinary Support: Providing a Solid Guarantee for Talent Cultivation in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty

3. 坚持强化学科支撑：为思想政治教育专业人才培养提供坚实保障

First, a high-quality teaching force is the key force in talent cultivation. The “Opinions of the State Education Commission on Running the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Higher Education Institutions” states: “Strengthening the construction of the teaching force and improving the ideological and political quality and professional level of teachers is the key to deepening teaching reform and improving the quality of education and the level of the discipline.”[4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P135) The quality and ability of teachers in the ideological and political education specialty have a decisive impact on the quality and level of talent cultivation. A high-level teaching force with an optimized structure, good quality, and vibrant vitality is the leading force in cultivating high-quality talents. On the one hand, in terms of the scale and structure of the teaching force, the “National Quality Standards for Teaching in the Marxist Theory Category” requires that each specialty have no fewer than 15 full-time teachers, may hire a certain number of part-time teachers as needed, and the student-teacher ratio should not exceed 18:1; there should be academic or professional leaders with high scholarly attainments; among full-time teachers, the proportion with a master’s degree or above should not be less than 80%, the proportion with a doctoral degree should not be less than 35%, and the proportion with senior professional titles should not be less than 60%[10](P59). On the other hand, in terms of teacher training and further education, teacher training work should be carried out through multiple channels and in a planned manner, improving the three-level training system of national-provincial-university, adopting methods combining on-campus and off-campus, in-service and full-time, decentralized and centralized approaches, implementing in-service further education, short-term full-time training, holding special seminars, establishing research and study bases, domestic and international social investigations, and temporary work assignments, to comprehensively improve the quality of the teaching force and provide high-quality teacher guarantees for talent cultivation.

第一，高素质的教师队伍是人才培养的关键力量。《国家教育委员会关于高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的意见》指出：“加强教师队伍建设，提高教师的思想政治素质和业务水平是深化教学改革、提高教育质量和学科水平的关键。”[4](P135)思想政治教育专业教师的素质和能力对人才培养质量与水平具有决定性影响，一支结构优化、素质良好、富有活力的高水平教师队伍是培养优质人才的主导力量。一方面，在师资规模与结构维度，《马克思主义理论类教学质量国家标准》要求各专业专任全职教师不少于15人，可根据专业需要聘请一定数量的兼职教师，生师比应不高于18∶1；有学术造诣较高的学科或专业带头人，专任教师中具有硕士及以上学位的比例不低于80%，具有博士学位的比例不低于35%，具有高级职称的教师比例不低于60%[10](P59)另一方面，在教师培训进修维度，多渠道、有计划地开展教师培训工作，完善国家—省级—高校三级培训体系，采取校内与校外、在职与脱产、分散与集中相结合的办法，实施在职进修、短期脱产培训、举办专题研修班、建立研学基地、国内外社会考察和挂职锻炼等方式，全面提高教师队伍素质，为人才培养提供优质师资保障。

Second, high-standard curricula and teaching materials are the basic guarantee for talent cultivation. “To meet the teaching needs of various levels of the specialty, compiling a batch of high-quality teaching materials and teaching reference books that represent the latest development level of teaching and scientific research in the specialty (discipline) and have professional characteristics is an important task in the construction of the specialty (discipline).”[4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P135) At the beginning of the establishment of the ideological and political education specialty, the Ministry of Education respectively commissioned Fudan University, Wuhan University, East China Normal University, Nankai University, Tsinghua University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University to take the lead in compiling professional course textbooks such as Principles of Ideological and Political Education, Methodology of Ideological and Political Education, History of Ideological and Political Work in Higher Education Institutions, Party Building, League Work, and Communist Ideology and Moral Education. After 40 years of construction and development, the specialty has formed a series of key textbooks, including “Key Textbooks for the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project,” “National Planned Textbooks for Undergraduate General Higher Education,” “Textbook Series for the 21st Century Curriculum,” and “New 21st Century Series Textbooks for the Ideological and Political Education Specialty.” The textbook system has been continuously improved, providing basic teaching guidelines and content basis for talent cultivation in the ideological and political education specialty. Adhering to the combination of unity and autonomy is an important principle for compiling and selecting course textbooks. Adopting various forms such as unified compilation organized by the state, inter-school cooperation, and school self-compilation, high-quality and high-level textbooks are compiled and published that not only meet the standard requirements for talent cultivation in the ideological and political education specialty but also reflect the training characteristics of each institution based on its actual situation.

第二，高水准的课程教材是人才培养的基本保障。“为适应专业各个层次教学的需要，编写出一批代表本专业（学科）教学、科研最新发展水平、有专业特色的高质量教材和教学参考书，是专业（学科）建设的一项重要任务。”[4](P135)思想政治教育专业设立之初，教育部分别委托复旦大学、武汉大学、华东师范大学、南开大学、清华大学、上海交通大学主持编写思想政治教育原理、思想政治教育方法论、高等学校思想政治工作史、党的建设、团的工作、共产主义思想品德教育等专业课教材。经过40年的建设发展，本专业形成了“马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材”“普通高等教育本科国家级规划教材”“面向21世纪课程教材”“新编21世纪思想政治教育专业系列教材”等一系列重点教材，教材体系不断完善，为思想政治教育专业人才培养提供了基本的教学遵循和内容凭依。坚持统一性与自主性相结合是编写与选择课程教材的重要原则，采用国家统一组织编写、校际合作和学校自编等多种形式，编写出版既满足思想政治教育专业人才培养标准要求、又结合各自院校实际体现培养特色的高质量高水平教材。

Third, high-quality training units are the important foundation for talent cultivation. Training units are the organizational carriers and strong positions for talent cultivation. The ideological and political education specialty is a second-level discipline under the first-level discipline of Marxist theory. Its main supporting units have gone through various institutional forms, including the Marxist-Leninist Theory Education Research Office, the Humanities and Social Sciences Department (College of Humanities and Social Sciences), the Marxist Theory Teaching (Research) Department, the Ideological and Political Education Research Office, and the School of Marxism. Since the establishment of the School of Marxism at Peking University in 1992 as the first School of Marxism in the country, as of 2021, there are over 1,440 Schools of Marxism in higher education institutions nationwide.[11] To further strengthen and build up the Schools of Marxism in higher education institutions, the Ministry of Education has continuously developed and updated the “Standards for the Construction of Schools of Marxism in Higher Education Institutions,” clarifying the specific requirements for talent cultivation in the Marxist theory discipline and providing basic guidelines for talent cultivation in the ideological and political education specialty. The state has issued multiple policy documents to give priority guarantees to Schools of Marxism in terms of development planning, talent introduction, and the use of public resources, continuously improving the scientific, standardized, and modernized level of School of Marxism construction, and providing strong support for talent cultivation.

第三，高质量的培养单位是人才培养的重要依托。培养单位是人才培养的组织载体和坚强阵地，思想政治教育专业是马克思主义理论一级学科下的二级学科，主要依托单位经历了马列主义理论教育研究室、人文社科部（人文社会科学学院）、马克思主义理论教学（研究）部、思想政治教育研究室、马克思主义学院等单位形态。从1992年北京大学马克思主义学院作为全国第一所马克思主义学院成立起，截至2021年，全国高校已拥有1 440余所马克思主义学院。[11]为进一步建强建好高校马克思主义学院，教育部不断研制和更新《高等学校马克思主义学院建设标准》，阐明了马克思主义理论学科人才培养的具体要求，为思想政治教育专业的人才培养提供了基本遵循。国家出台多部政策文件在发展规划、人才引进、公共资源使用等方面给予马克思主义学院优先保障，不断提升马克思主义学院建设的科学化、规范化、现代化水平，为人才培养提供有力支撑。

III. Upholding Fundamentals and Innovation in Talent Cultivation for the Ideological and Political Education Specialty

三、思想政治教育专业人才培养的守正创新

Learning from history to create the future. Based on the new stage of development, talent cultivation in ideological and political education should combine the development of the times with the actual situation of the specialty, leveraging strengths and compensating for weaknesses, upholding fundamentals and innovating in terms of cultivation vision, cultivation characteristics, cultivation quality, and cultivation thinking, so that the cultivated talents are better adapted to the needs of economic and social development, and promoting the talent cultivation of ideological and political education in the New Era to a new level.

以史为鉴、开创未来。立足新的发展阶段，思想政治教育人才培养应结合时代发展与专业实际，在人才培养视野、培养特色、培养质量、培养思路方面扬长补短、守正创新，使培养的人才更加适应经济社会发展需要，推动新时代思政人才培养迈上新台阶。

1. Broadening the Cultivation Vision: Emphasizing the Integrated Cultivation of Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral Programs

1. 拓宽培养视野：注重本硕博一体化的培养

First, the educational content should proceed step by step, solving the problem of curriculum duplication across different academic levels. Teaching courses are the main content relied upon for professional talent cultivation and an important marker distinguishing talent cultivation at different academic levels. From undergraduate to graduate education, the number of courses should decrease from more to fewer, and the content of courses should broaden from breadth to depth. Currently, the boundaries of course levels in some schools are not clear enough, with considerable duplication in course offerings. The same professional course is offered at different academic levels, sometimes even using the same textbook, resulting in students’ sense of gain not increasing with the advancement of their academic qualifications. The “Opinions of the State Education Commission on Running the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Higher Education Institutions” states: “The curriculum setting for the ideological and political education specialty should form plans for different academic levels—doctoral, master’s, second bachelor’s degree, bachelor’s, and associate degree—that are consistent in the main body, interconnected, and differ in the number of courses and the depth and breadth requirements.”[4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P135) Since relatively few students complete the integrated bachelor’s-master’s-doctoral cultivation at the same school, the ideological and political education specialty should strengthen and improve the unified planning of curricula for different academic levels between schools. The curriculum should be set according to the principle of proceeding step by step, following the educational laws of each academic level, reflecting the extensibility of depth and the ascending nature of difficulty on the basis of interconnection, and achieving the unity of the phased and systematic nature of talent cultivation.

第一，教育内容循序渐进，解决不同学段课程设置重复问题。教学课程是专业人才培养所依托的主要内容，是不同学段人才培养相区分的重要标志。从本科生到研究生教育，课程数量应该由多到少、课程内容应该由广到精。目前一些学校的课程层次界限不够清晰，课程设置重复较多，不同学段开设同一门专业课，甚至使用同一本教材，导致学生的获得感并没有随着学历提升而增强。《国家教育委员会关于高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的意见》指出：“思想政治教育专业课程设置，要形成主体一致、互相衔接、门数与深广度要求有所不同的研究生、第二学士学位生、本科生、专科生等不同学历层次的方案。”[4](P135)由于在同一所学校完成本硕博一体化培养的学生较少，思想政治教育专业要加强完善校际间对不同学历层次课程的统一规划，课程设置按照循序渐进的原则，遵循各个学段的教育规律，在相互衔接的基础上体现深度的延展性与难度的上升性，实现人才培养阶段性与系统性的统一。

Second, the cultivation methods are differentiated by level, highlighting the differences and evolutionary nature of cultivation methods at different stages. Undergraduates, master’s students, and doctoral students are at different age stages, with vastly different existing cognitive structures and professional knowledge, and the goals of talent cultivation show a progressive increase. The cultivation of talent in the ideological and political education major should adopt different cultivation methods according to the student characteristics and cultivation needs of different academic stages, rather than adopting a “one-size-fits-all” approach. As the academic level rises, the educational method of talent cultivation should gradually shift from mainly classroom-based education to mainly research guidance supplemented by classroom education; the learning method should gradually shift from mainly theoretical learning to mainly inquiry-based learning; the testing method should gradually shift from mainly closed-book examinations to mainly individual assessment, placing greater emphasis on assessing students’ ability to use the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint, and method to analyze and solve practical problems in ideological and political education work.

第二，培养方式层次有别，突出不同阶段人才培养方式的差异性与演进性。本科生、硕士生、博士生分别处于不同的年龄阶段，已有的认知结构和专业知识大不相同，人才培养的目标呈现层级递增。思想政治教育专业的人才培养应根据不同学段的学生特点和培养需求采用不同的培养方式，而不能搞“一刀切”。随着学历层次的上升，人才培养的教育方式应以课堂教育为主逐渐转变为科研指导为主、课堂教育为辅；学习方式应以理论性学习为主逐渐转变为探究性学习为主；测验方式应以闭卷考试为主逐渐转变为个体考查为主，更加注重考查学生运用马克思主义的立场观点方法分析和解决思想政治教育工作实际问题的能力。

Third, support the elevation of academic levels and accelerate the cultivation of high-level talent in the ideological and political education major. Elevating the academic level is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of talent cultivation and is also a practical need for cultivating high-level talent in ideological and political education work in the New Era. The “Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools in the New Era” states, “According to demand, gradually increase the number of doctoral degree authorization points in the discipline of Marxist theory, and support relevant universities in jointly applying for doctoral degree authorization points in the discipline of Marxist theory.” [6]6 The “New Era” (新时代) refers to the period following the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guiding ideology.(P1534) There is considerable room for development in both doctoral and master’s degree programs in the ideological and political education major. It is necessary to reasonably expand the doctoral and master’s cultivation points for this major, continue to implement the “Plan for University Counselors to Pursue Doctoral Degrees in Ideological and Political Education” and the “Special Support Plan for the Cultivation of Reserve Talent for the Team of Ideological and Political Theory Course Teachers in Universities,” and use multiple channels to elevate the level and quality of talent cultivation according to the actual needs of socialist modernization.

第三，支持提升学历层次，加快培养思想政治教育专业的高水平人才。提升学历层次是评价人才培养质量的重要指标，也是新时代培养思想政治教育工作高级人才的现实需要。《关于深化新时代学校思想政治理论课改革创新的若干意见》指出，“根据需求逐步增加马克思主义理论学科博士学位授权点，支持有关高校联合申报马克思主义理论学科博士学位授权点。”[6](P1534)思想政治教育专业的博士点和硕士点都有较大发展空间，要合理扩大本专业的博士、硕士培养点，继续实施“高校辅导员攻读思想政治教育专业博士学位计划”“高校思想政治理论课教师队伍后备人才培养专项支持计划”等，根据社会主义现代化建设的实际需要，采用多种渠道提升人才培养层次与水平。

2. Highlighting Cultivation Characteristics: Enhancing the Professionalism of Ideological and Political Education Talent Cultivation

2. 突出培养特色：增强思政人才培养专业性

First, focus on the distinction between specialized courses in ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses in universities in terms of talent cultivation. Specialized courses in ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses are consistent in the goal of fostering virtue through education (立德树人); both aim to cultivate builders and successors of the socialist cause, and to cultivate new-era figures capable of shouldering the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. As an independent discipline, the ideological and political education major has a unique research field and professional characteristics. The cultivation targets of the ideological and political education major are limited to students of this major, not all university students; the cultivation standards have multidimensional requirements, including ideological and political quality, professional knowledge, and abilities; the developmental achievements of the ideological and political education discipline will serve the construction of ideological and political theory courses. Specialized courses in ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses each have their own emphases and characteristics in talent cultivation.

第一，注重思想政治教育专业课与高校思想政治理论课在人才培养方面的区别。思想政治教育专业课与思想政治理论课在立德树人目标上是一致的，都是培养社会主义事业的建设者和接班人，培养能够担当民族复兴大任的时代新人。思想政治教育专业作为独立的学科，有独特的研究领域和专业特性，思想政治教育专业的培养对象限于本专业的学生而非全校学生；培养规格具有思想政治素质、专业知识与能力等多维要求；思想政治教育学科专业发展成果将服务于思想政治理论课建设。思想政治教育专业课和思想政治理论课在人才培养上各有侧重、各有特色。

Second, focus on the distinction between the ideological and political education major and other second-level discipline majors in terms of talent cultivation. In 2005, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education decided to add the first-level discipline of Marxist theory and its five subordinate second-level disciplines, namely: Basic Principles of Marxism, History of Marxist Development, Study of the Adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese Context, Study of Marxism Abroad, and Ideological and Political Education. In 2008, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education decided to add the second-level discipline “Study of Basic Issues in Modern and Contemporary Chinese History,” placing it alongside the previous five second-level disciplines. The “Brief Introduction to Disciplines and Their Basic Requirements for Degrees in Graduate Education (Trial Version)” specifies the professional connotations and research directions of the six second-level disciplines. The six second-level disciplines each have their own research fields, and graduate students should be cultivated with differentiation, highlighting the differences and specialization among the different second-level disciplines. The “Opinions of the State Education Commission on Running the Ideological and Political Education Major in Higher Education Institutions” states: “The curriculum should closely revolve around the requirements of the cultivation goals, following the principle of ‘fewer but better, highlighting key points, and highlighting professional characteristics’.” [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P134) In the new stage of development, it is necessary to continuously clarify the professional boundaries of talent cultivation in different second-level disciplines, clarify the connotation and extension of professional talent cultivation, and reflect professional characteristics in terms of faculty allocation, curriculum design, and cultivation methods, so that each second-level discipline, including the ideological and political education major, can achieve “each specializing in its own field” on the basis of mutual connection.

第二，注重思想政治教育专业与其他二级学科专业在人才培养方面的区别。2005年，国务院学位委员会、教育部决定增设马克思主义理论一级学科及所属五个二级学科，即马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化研究、国外马克思主义研究、思想政治教育。2008年，国务院学位委员会、教育部决定增设“中国近现代史基本问题研究”二级学科，与前五个二级学科并列。《研究生教育学科专业简介及其学位基本要求（试行版）》指明了六个二级学科的专业内涵与研究方向。六个二级学科具有各自的研究领域，对研究生人才应区分培养，突显不同二级学科之间的差异性与专业化。《国家教育委员会关于高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的意见》指出：“课程要紧紧围绕培养目标的要求，按照‘少而精、突出重点、突出专业特色’的原则来设置。”[4](P134)在新发展阶段，要不断明晰不同二级学科人才培养的专业界限，厘清专业人才培养的内涵与外延，在师资配置、课程设置、培养方式等方面体现专业特性，使包括思想政治教育专业在内的各二级学科在相互联系的基础上实现“术业有专攻”。

Third, the research directions of teachers and students, as well as the topic selection for master’s and doctoral theses, should reflect the characteristics of ideological and political education and professional specificity. The “Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of the Discipline of Marxist Theory in Universities” states, “Talent cultivation in disciplines should properly handle the relationship between the nature of the discipline and research characteristics, strictly follow the inherent requirements of the discipline of Marxist theory, and reasonably set research directions.” [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P551) Over 40 years of development and construction, the professional attributes of research papers in the ideological and political education major have significantly strengthened, but two extreme tendencies still exist: first, the scope of research in ideological and political education has become overly broad, with the problem that “ideological and political education is a basket into which anything can be put” still present; second, the research field of ideological and political education has become narrowed, with some research topics being rather traditional and the problem of “no topics to choose from” still prominent. It is necessary to grasp the tension in the selection of research topics for the ideological and political education major, actively explore and innovate within the scope of the discipline, continuously create research fields and scientific research achievements that combine professional characteristics with academic innovation, and enhance the specialization and scientific nature of talent cultivation.

第三，师生研究方向、硕博论文选题要体现思政特色与专业特性。《关于进一步加强高校马克思主义理论学科建设的意见》指出，“学科专业人才培养应处理好学科性质和研究特色的关系，严格遵循马克思主义理论学科的内在要求，合理设置研究方向”。[4](P551)在40年的发展建设中，思想政治教育专业研究论文的专业属性明显增强，但仍然存在两种极端倾向：一是思想政治教育专业研究范围泛化，“思政是个筐，什么都能往里装”的问题依然存在；二是思想政治教育专业研究领域窄化，部分研究选题较为传统、“无题可选”的问题依然突出。把握好思想政治教育专业研究选题的张力，在学科专业范围内积极开拓创新，不断打造兼具专业特色与学术创新力的研究领域和科研成果，增强人才培养的专业化与科学化。

3. Improving Cultivation Quality: Achieving Connotative Development of Talent Cultivation

3. 提升培养质量：实现人才培养内涵式发展

First, improve the quality of specialized courses in the ideological and political education major, creating first-class courses, high-quality courses, and professional “gold courses.” [n] The “Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Comprehensively Deepening Curriculum Reform to Implement the Fundamental Task of Fostering Virtue through Education” states: “Curriculum is the main carrier of educational thought, educational goals, and educational content, centrally embodying the national will and core socialist values. It is the basic basis for school education and teaching activities and directly affects the quality of talent cultivation.” [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P674) According to statistical data from the “Sunshine College Entrance Examination” platform, the satisfaction of students in the ideological and political education major with teaching quality is 4.1 points (out of a full score of 5 points), [1]1 The “Sunshine College Entrance Examination” (阳光高考) is an official online platform in China providing information on college admissions, programs, and student feedback. indicating that curriculum construction still needs further optimization. First, improve the construction of the professional curriculum system. Currently, the order of curriculum offerings for undergraduates in a small number of institutions lacks logic, the connections between courses are not close enough, and the curriculum structure is not reasonable enough. Each cultivating institution should continue to improve the cultivation plan, especially by统筹规划 (comprehensively planning) professional basic courses, professional compulsory courses, and professional elective courses, and strengthening the top-level design of the curriculum system. Second, specialized courses should adhere to “content is king.” Focus on the cutting-edge nature, profundity, and professionalism of the courses, and promptly integrate into classroom teaching the latest achievements in the Party’s innovative theory, the latest experiences from the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the latest progress in scientific research on ideological and political education. Third, the form of the courses should strive to be lively and engaging. Form has a counteractive effect on content; continuously enhance the attractiveness and vitality of specialized courses through innovative teaching methods.

第一，提高思政专业课程质量，打造一流课程、精品课程、专业金课。《教育部关于全面深化课程改革落实立德树人根本任务的意见》指出：“课程是教育思想、教育目标和教育内容的主要载体，集中体现国家意志和社会主义核心价值观，是学校教育教学活动的基本依据，直接影响人才培养质量。”[4](P674)据“阳光高考”平台统计数据显示，思想政治教育专业的学生对教学质量的满意度为4.1分（满分5分制），[1]课程建设仍需进一步优化。首先，完善专业课程体系建设。目前少数院校本科生的课程设置顺序缺乏逻辑，课程间联系不够紧密，课程结构不够合理。各培养院校要继续完善培养方案，尤其要统筹规划专业类基础课程、专业类必修课程、专业类选修课程，加强课程体系的顶层设计。其次，专业课程坚持内容为王。注重课程的前沿性、深刻性与专业性，在课堂教学中及时融入党的创新理论最新成果、中国特色社会主义伟大实践的最新经验、思想政治教育科学研究的最新进展。再次，课程形式追求生动活泼。形式对内容具有反作用，通过创新教学手段不断提升专业课程的吸引力与活力。

Second, enhance the scientific research capability of the training targets, and promote the sustainable development of innovative talents. Cultivating teaching and research talent is both an important goal of training high-level ideological and political education talent and a necessary guarantee for achieving long-term high-quality development of the discipline and specialty. On the one hand, strengthen academic guidance and training for the training targets. Writing a degree thesis is a key link in talent cultivation. Training units should offer relevant courses such as thesis writing and academic frontiers, focus on cultivating students’ academic thinking and scientific research ability, promote the transformation of education and teaching achievements, and deepen teaching effectiveness with scientific research results; they should coordinate the assignment of a sufficient number of high-quality, energetic supervisors to guide students, helping them grasp important issues with a foundational, strategic, and guiding nature in the development of the specialty for research, and promote substantive progress and innovation in the discipline. On the other hand, enrich the academic exercise opportunities for the training targets. The *Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools in the New Era* points out: “Strengthen the construction of academic positions for the teaching and research achievements of Marxist theory, initially focus on building 10 academic journals and several academic websites, and support the establishment of a certain number of new academic journals for ideological and political course research.” [6]6 The “New Era” (新时代) refers to the period following the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guiding ideology.(P1534) It calls on academic publications not to overemphasize the author’s identity, to organize more undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral academic forums and research conferences, and to enhance the overall strength of specialty research from multiple aspects.

第二，提升培养对象的科学研究能力，促进创新型人才可持续性发展。培养教学科研人才既是培养思想政治教育高级人才的重要目标，又是促进学科专业实现长期高质量发展的必要保障。一方面，加强对培养对象的学术指导与训练。撰写学位论文是人才培养的关键一环，培养单位要开设论文写作、学术前沿等相关课程，注重培养学生的学术思维和科研能力，促进教育教学成果转化，以科研成果深化教学实效；要统筹安排数量足、素质高、精力多的导师进行指导，帮助学生抓住专业发展中带有基础性、战略性、导向性的重要问题进行研究，推动学科发展实现实质性的进步与创新。另一方面，丰富培养对象的学术锻炼机会。《关于深化新时代学校思想政治理论课改革创新的若干意见》指出：“加强马克思主义理论教学科研成果学术阵地建设，首批重点建设10家学术期刊和若干学术网站，支持新创办一定数量的思政课研究学术期刊。”[6](P1534)号召学术刊物不过度强调作者身份，多组织开展本硕博学术论坛与科研会议，从多方面增强专业研究的整体力量。

Third, standardize the practical teaching links, and strengthen teachers’ professional guidance and supervision. Practical teaching is an indispensable link in applied disciplines. Through practice, it can not only help students truly understand social conditions, national conditions, and popular sentiment, enhance their sense of social responsibility and feelings for the people, but also help students better master professional knowledge and skills in hands-on operations. The practical teaching links of the ideological and political education specialty generally include social practice surveys, graduation internships, etc. Among them, the ideological and political education teacher-training specialty also includes micro-teaching, teacher professional skills training, educational observation, internship teaching support, and educational research and study. The *National Standards for Teaching Quality of Marxist Theory Majors* requires “increasing the proportion of practical teaching, ensuring that the credits for practical courses are not less than 15% of the total credits.” [10](P58) Currently, the forms of practice at different institutions are rich and varied, but the overall quality of practice still needs further improvement. While ensuring the total class hours of practical teaching, optimize professional teachers’ guidance and supervision of student practice, avoid perfunctory and formalistic approaches, and use high-standard practical teaching to improve the quality of talent cultivation.

第三，规范实践教学环节，强化教师的专业指导与监督管理。实践教学是应用型学科必不可少的一环，通过实践，既能帮助学生切实认识社情国情民情，增强社会责任感和对人民群众的情感，又能在实操中助力学生更好地掌握专业知识与技能。思想政治教育专业的实践性教学环节一般包括社会实践调查、毕业实习等，其中思想政治教育师范类专业还包括微格教学、教师从业技能训练、教育见习、实习支教与教育研习等。《马克思主义理论类教学质量国家标准》要求“增加实践教学比重，确保实践课程学分不低于总学分的15%”。[10](P58)目前不同院校的实践形式丰富多样，但整体实践质量还需进一步提升。在保证实践教学课时总量的情况下，优化专业教师对学生实践的指导与监督，避免敷衍了事、流于形式，以高水准的实践教学来提升人才培养质量。

4. Innovate training ideas: improve the comprehensive quality of ideological and political talent

4. 创新培养思路：提高思政人才的综合素质

First, expand the international perspective of the training targets. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century. The complex and changing domestic and international environment places higher demands on the cultivation of ideological and political talent. How to correctly identify and actively respond to risks and challenges in the ideological field, how to correctly understand China’s status and role in the world, how to correctly treat the development and changes of capitalism and socialism, and how to correctly view foreign media and public opinion evaluations of China all require that the educational targets possess an international perspective and thinking. Xi Jinping emphasized that education should guide students to “correctly understand Chinese characteristics and international comparisons, and comprehensively and objectively understand contemporary China and view the external world.” [6]6 The “New Era” (新时代) refers to the period following the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, characterized by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guiding ideology.(P1444) On the one hand, corresponding teaching links should be designed in the training plan to expand students’ international perspective, such as organizing international academic seminars, strengthening international academic exchanges and cooperation, telling China’s story well while paying attention to foreign research trends, and actively promoting Marxism that has been adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. On the other hand, training units should provide convenience and support for students to study abroad or visit as scholars, try to create diversified overseas exchange channels, help students enhance the Four Confidences in international comparisons, and guard against the phenomena of “low-level red” and “high-level black.” [8]8 “Low-level red” (低级红) refers to well-intentioned but clumsy or exaggerated expressions of loyalty that actually harm the Party’s image; “high-level black” (高级黑) refers to seemingly positive statements that subtly undermine or satirize the Party and its policies. Both terms are used in internal Party discourse to warn against counterproductive propaganda.

第一，拓展培养对象的国际化视野。当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，复杂多变的国内外环境对思政人才培养提出了更高要求。如何正确识别并积极应对意识形态领域的风险挑战、如何正确认识中国在世界的地位与作用、如何正确对待资本主义和社会主义的发展变化、如何正确看待国外媒体舆论对中国的评价等，都需要教育对象具备国际化的视野与思维。习近平强调，要教育引导学生“正确认识中国特色和国际比较，全面客观认识当代中国、看待外部世界”。[6](P1444)一方面，在培养方案中应设计相应教学环节来拓展学生国际视野，例如组织召开国际学术研讨会、加强国际学术交流与合作，在关注国外研究动态的过程中讲好中国故事，积极宣传中国化时代化的马克思主义。另一方面，培养单位要为学生海外留学、访学提供便利与支持，尽量创设多样化的海外交流渠道，帮助学生在国际对比中增强“四个自信”，谨防“低级红”“高级黑”的现象。

Second, improve the information literacy of the training targets. In the era of intelligent media, artificial intelligence application tools are constantly developing. Informatization and intelligence have become important features of contemporary society. Possessing a certain level of information literacy is a requirement of the times for talent cultivation. On the one hand, cultivate the information-based education and teaching literacy of the educational targets. By offering courses on ideological and political education technology, holding relevant education and training activities, etc., enhance the educational targets’ ability to use computer media technology to assist teaching and work, and use information tools to innovate the methods and approaches of ideological and political education. On the other hand, cultivate the information-based scientific research literacy of the educational targets. Scientific research in the ideological and political education specialty is inseparable from extensive reading of a large number of documents and materials. Information-based analysis tools can compensate for the shortcomings of traditional text reading. For example, using citation analysis, co-word analysis, etc., helps to quickly understand the logical relationships between core concepts, improve text reading efficiency, and provide new ideas for scientific research innovation.

第二，提升培养对象的信息化素养。在智媒体时代，人工智能应用工具不断发展，信息化、智能化已成为当代社会的重要特征，具备一定的信息素养是人才培养的时代要求。一方面，培养教育对象的信息化教育教学素养。通过开设思想政治教育技术类课程、举办相关教育培训活动等，提升教育对象运用计算机媒体技术辅助教学与工作的能力，借助信息化工具创新思想政治教育的方式方法。另一方面，培养教育对象的信息化科研素养。思想政治教育专业的科学研究离不开对大量文献资料的广泛阅读，信息化的分析工具能够弥补传统文本阅读的不足，例如运用引文分析法、共词分析法等有助于迅速理解核心概念之间的逻辑关系，提高文本阅读效率，为科研创新提供新思路。

Third, enrich the multidisciplinary background of the training targets. The ideological and political education specialty has characteristics such as practicality, class nature, and comprehensiveness. To better cultivate comprehensively developed talent, on the basis of the theoretical foundation of this discipline, it is also necessary to draw on the theories and methods of other disciplines. The *National Standards for Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Higher Education Institutions* points out: “The main disciplines of the undergraduate ideological and political education specialty are: Marxist theory, political science, and pedagogy.” [10](P56) The *Opinions of the State Education Commission on Running the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Higher Education Institutions* also emphasizes “appropriately adding courses on economics, management, and industry business knowledge.” [4]4 The reference “[4](P133)” and similar citations in the text refer to the original Chinese source material, which is not provided in the input. The note number is assigned sequentially from the first citation encountered in the translation.(P135) In the talent cultivation of the ideological and political education specialty, attention should be paid to enriching the educational targets’ multidisciplinary background in political science, pedagogy, management, psychology, sociology, ethics, history, etc., based on the development of this discipline, and encouraging interdisciplinary cross-research. Against the backdrop of the construction of new liberal arts, promote multidisciplinary cross-integration and deep integration, drive the renewal and upgrading of traditional ideological and political education, continuously broaden research ideas, innovate research fields, and cultivate more supporting and leading talents.

第三，丰富培养对象的多学科背景。思想政治教育专业具有实践性、阶级性、综合性等特征，为更好地培养全面发展的人才，在立足本学科理论根基的基础上，还需借鉴其他学科的理论与方法。《普通高等学校本科专业类教学质量国家标准》指出：“思想政治教育本科专业的主干学科是：马克思主义理论、政治学、教育学。”[10](P56)《国家教育委员会关于高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的意见》也强调“适当增开经济、管理和行业业务知识的课程”。[4](P135)在思想政治教育专业的人才培养中，要注重丰富教育对象的政治学、教育学、管理学、心理学、社会学、伦理学、历史学等多学科背景，立足本学科发展，鼓励进行跨学科交叉研究。在新文科建设背景下，促进多学科交叉与深度融合，推动传统思想政治教育更新升级，不断拓宽研究思路，创新研究领域，培养更多支撑引领型人才。

(Author profiles: Wang Shuyin, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor, School of Marxism, Beijing Normal University; Qu Pengfang, Doctoral Candidate, School of Marxism, Beijing Normal University)

（作者简介：王树荫，北京师范大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师；曲鹏芳，北京师范大学马克思主义学院博士研究生）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心