Upholding Fundamental Principles and Breaking New Ground to Promote the Connotative Development of Ideological and Political Course Construction

Recently, Xi Jinping issued an important directive on the construction of ideological and political courses in schools, emphasizing that “on the new journey of the New Era, the construction of ideological and political courses faces new situations and new tasks, and must achieve new bearings and new accomplishments,” and clearly stating the need to “uphold fundamental principles and break new ground to promote the connotative development of ideological and political course construction.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has consistently placed the construction of ideological and political courses in schools in an important position within educational work, leading to a comprehensive and fundamental transformation in the development environment and overall ecology of these courses. Standing at a new historical starting point, we must adhere to the worldview and methodology of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, effectively promoting the connotative development of ideological and political course construction. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is an important embodiment of the methodological principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, as well as a contemporary application and development of our Party’s ideological line. It outlines the internal mechanism for achieving a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and it clarifies the scientific attitude for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground are a dialectically unified relationship. By upholding fundamental principles, innovation gains a clear stance and direction; through continuous innovation, upholding fundamental principles obtains a source and dynamic foundation. Therefore, it is necessary to uphold the fundamental principles of Marxism and break new ground in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times; to uphold the fundamental principles of scientific socialism and break new ground in socialism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese-path modernization; to uphold the fundamental principles of the Party’s overall leadership and break new ground in using the Party’s great self-revolution to lead social revolution; to uphold the fundamental principles of fine traditional Chinese culture and break new ground in the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture. Specifically, to uphold fundamental principles and break new ground in promoting the connotative development of ideological and political course construction means upholding the fundamental principle of using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge souls and educate people, and breaking new ground in promoting the connotative development of ideological and political course construction, implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [1]1 The quotation is from Xi Jinping’s speech at a symposium on school ideological and political theory courses, March 18, 2019., and striving to cultivate more new-era talents who reassure the Party, love and dedicate themselves to the country, and bear the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation.

近日，习近平对学校思政课建设作出重要指示，强调“新时代新征程上，思政课建设面临新形势新任务，必须有新气象新作为”，并且明确指出要“守正创新推动思政课建设内涵式发展”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持把学校思政课建设放在教育工作的重要位置，思政课发展环境和整体生态发生全局性、根本性转变。站在新的历史起点上，我们必须坚持守正创新这一世界观和方法论，切实推动思政课建设内涵式发展。守正创新是辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义方法论原则的重要体现，也是我们党思想路线的当代运用和发展，它勾勒了实现马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃的内在机理，也明确了新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的科学态度。守正与创新是辩证统一的关系。坚持守正，创新才有明确的立场和指向；不断创新，守正才能获得源泉和动力根基。所以，要守马克思主义之正，创马克思主义中国化时代化之新；守科学社会主义之正，创中国特色社会主义和中国式现代化之新；守党的全面领导之正，创以党的伟大自我革命引领社会革命之新；守中华优秀传统文化之正，创中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展之新。具体来说，守正创新推动思政课建设内涵式发展，就是要守用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人之正，创推动思政课建设内涵式发展之新，落实立德树人根本任务，努力培养更多让党放心、爱国奉献、担当民族复兴重任的时代新人。

I. Focusing on Core Content, Adhering to the Synchronized Advancement of Ideological and Political Course Construction and the Arming of the Party’s Innovative Theories

一、聚焦核心内容，坚持思政课建设与党的创新理论武装同步推进

Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must adhere to the guidance of Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, comprehensively implement the Party’s educational policy, implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, adhere to the synchronized advancement of ideological and political course construction and the arming of the Party’s innovative theories, build a curriculum and textbook system with Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its core content, and deeply advance the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools.” To uphold fundamental principles and break new ground in promoting the connotative development of ideological and political course construction, the first priority is upholding fundamental principles. Upholding fundamental principles is the premise and foundation of breaking new ground; adhering to the use of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge souls and educate people is precisely upholding fundamental principles in the construction of ideological and political courses in schools. First, focus on offering and teaching the course “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” well. In the fall semester of 2022, the course “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” was fully offered at the undergraduate level in higher education institutions. In August 2023, the textbook “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” was published. Together with the “Student Reader on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” for universities, middle schools, and primary schools compiled by the Ministry of Education in 2021, these provide basic guidance for offering and teaching the “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” course well. On this basis, efforts should be made in theoretical research, textbooks and supplementary materials, and the teacher workforce to build a system of “golden courses” [2]2 The phrase “力量根基” (foundation of strength) is a term used in official discourse on ideological and political education, emphasizing the cultural sources that underpin the courses. in ideological and political education with the “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” course as the core curriculum. Second, build a curriculum and textbook system with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its core content. While offering and teaching the “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” course well, focus on setting course modules around Xi Jinping’s economic thought, Xi Jinping’s thought on the rule of law, Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought, Xi Jinping’s cultural thought, as well as the “Four Histories” [3]3 The “great founding spirit of the Party” (伟大建党精神) refers to the spirit of the Communist Party of China at its founding in 1921, officially summarized as “upholding truth,坚守理想,践行初心,担当使命,不怕牺牲,英勇斗争,对党忠诚,不负人民” (upholding truth and ideals, staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission, fearing no sacrifice and fighting bravely, being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people)., the Constitution and laws, and fine traditional Chinese culture, offering selective compulsory courses to form an integrated curriculum system of compulsory and elective ideological and political courses for universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and for bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels, with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the core content. Third, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the main thread for the integrated construction of ideological and political courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools. Adhere to gradual progression and spiraling ascent, closely focusing on all aspects of the integrated construction of ideological and political courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, such as teaching objective design, curriculum setting, textbook compilation, teaching reform, teacher training, and assessment and evaluation, so that Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, as the core course of the ideological and political course system, runs through the entire process of the integrated construction of ideological and political courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools.

习近平强调：“要坚持以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，坚持思政课建设与党的创新理论武装同步推进，构建以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的课程教材体系，深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设。”守正创新推进思政课建设内涵式发展，首在守正，守正是创新的前提和根本，坚持用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人之于学校思政课建设就是守正。一是重点开好讲好“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论”课。2022年秋季学期“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论”课在高校本科阶段全面开设，2023年8月《习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论》教材出版，连同2021年教育部组织编写的大中小学《习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想学生读本》，为开好讲好“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论”课提供了基本遵循。在此基础上，从理论攻关、教材教辅、教师队伍等方面下功夫，打造以“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论课”为核心课程的思政“金课”体系。二是构建以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的课程教材体系。开好讲好“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论课” 的同时，重点围绕习近平经济思想、习近平法治思想、习近平生态文明思想、习近平强军思想、习近平外交思想、习近平文化思想以及“四史”、宪法法律、中华优秀传统文化等设定课程模块，开设选择性必修课程，形成以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的大中小学一体化、本硕博一体化的思政课必修课+选修课课程体系。三是把习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想作为大中小学思政课一体化建设的主线。坚持循序渐进、螺旋上升，紧紧围绕大中小学思政课一体化建设的教学目标设计、课程设置、教材编写、教学改革、教师培养、考核评价等各环节，让习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想作为思政课课程体系的核心课程，贯穿大中小学思政课一体化建设的全过程。

II. Strengthening Content Support, Explaining the World-Renowned Achievements of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

二、强化内容支撑，讲好中国特色社会主义取得的举世瞩目的成就

The world-renowned tremendous achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute the deepest confidence, the most solid foundation, and the fullest conviction for the construction of ideological and political courses in schools. Xi Jinping emphasized: “Since the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, we have completed the industrialization process that took Western developed countries several hundred years in just a few decades, creating the miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, opening up broad prospects for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” In particular, the great achievements and great transformations of the New Era over more than ten years have made the practical foundation of ideological and political course construction in schools more solid and their spiritual strength more confident. To uphold fundamental principles and break new ground in promoting the connotative development of ideological and political course construction, it is necessary to “use the world-renowned achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics as content support.” On the one hand, clearly explain the specific manifestations of the world-renowned achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the vivid practice of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, educating and guiding young students to more deeply understand the world-renowned achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics helps them profoundly grasp “why the Communist Party of China can succeed, why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good; ultimately, it is because Marxism works, and the Chinese-contextualized and times-adapted Marxism works,” and more consciously take on the responsibility for Chinese-path modernization. On the other hand, clearly explain the fundamental reasons behind the historic achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the historic achievements and historic transformations in the cause of the Party and the state have been most fundamentally due to the helm steering

中国特色社会主义取得举世瞩目的巨大成就，是学校思政课建设最深厚的底气、最坚实的基础和最十足的信心。习近平强调指出：“新中国成立特别是改革开放以来，我们用几十年时间走完西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹，为中华民族伟大复兴开辟了广阔前景。”特别是新时代10余年的伟大成就和伟大变革使学校思政课建设的实践根基更加坚实，精神力量更加自信。守正创新推动思政课建设内涵式发展，要“以中国特色社会主义取得的举世瞩目成就为内容支撑”。一方面，讲清楚中国特色社会主义取得举世瞩目成就的具体表现。在中国特色社会主义事业的生动实践中，教育引导广大青年学生更加深入地理解中国特色社会主义举世瞩目的成就，有助于深刻把握“中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行”，更加自觉地为中国式现代化挺膺担当。另一方面，讲清楚中国特色社会主义历史性成就背后的根本原因。党的十八大以来，党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，最根本就在于有习近平领航掌舵，有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。在讲清楚习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的历史逻辑、理论逻辑、实践逻辑的基础上，教育引导广大青年学生感受这一创新理论的实践伟力，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，始终在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，永远听党话、跟党走。

3. Consolidating the Foundation of Strength, Tapping into the Profound Power of Fine Traditional Chinese Culture, Revolutionary Culture, and Advanced Socialist Culture

三、夯实力量根基，挖掘中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化的深厚力量

Xi Jinping pointed out: “The fine traditional Chinese culture nurtured in the 5,000-plus years of civilizational development, the revolutionary culture forged in the great struggles of the Party and the people, and the advanced socialist culture, have accumulated the deepest spiritual pursuits of the Chinese nation and represent the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation,” and “provide a profound strength for the construction of ideological and political courses.” [1]1 The quotation is from Xi Jinping’s speech at a symposium on school ideological and political theory courses, March 18, 2019. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground to promote the connotative development of ideological and political course construction requires adhering to the Chinese cultural standpoint, taking “the fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture as the foundation of strength.” [2]2 The phrase “力量根基” (foundation of strength) is a term used in official discourse on ideological and political education, emphasizing the cultural sources that underpin the courses. First, excavate the profound strength in fine traditional Chinese culture. Fine traditional Chinese culture is broad, profound, and long-standing; the concepts it contains—such as the world being shared by all, the people being the foundation of the state, governing with virtue, discarding the old and introducing the new, appointing people on their merit, harmony between humanity and nature, unceasing self-renewal, embracing all things with virtue, emphasizing trust and harmony, and being kind to neighbors—are important manifestations of the worldview, view of the world, view of society, and view of morality accumulated by the Chinese people in their long-term production and life. These are not only presented in the vast and splendid cultural achievements but are more centrally embodied in the ideological concepts, humanistic spirit, and moral norms running through them; they are the unique markers distinguishing the Chinese nation from other nations. These rich and profound traditional cultural resources provide a foundation for ideological and political course teachers to quote classics and discuss the past and present, becoming an important support for convincing people through reason and educating people through culture. Second, excavate the profound strength in revolutionary culture. The ideological theories, value pursuits, and spiritual character created and formed by our Party in leading the Chinese people in great struggles, especially the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists constructed with the great founding spirit of the Party as its source, [3]3 The “great founding spirit of the Party” (伟大建党精神) refers to the spirit of the Communist Party of China at its founding in 1921, officially summarized as “upholding truth,坚守理想,践行初心,担当使命,不怕牺牲,英勇斗争,对党忠诚,不负人民” (upholding truth and ideals, staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission, fearing no sacrifice and fighting bravely, being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people). centrally display the spiritual mettle of the Chinese people in bloody battles with unyielding perseverance, self-reliance and hard work, emancipating the mind and forging ahead with determination, and self-confidence, self-reliance, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. This helps guide young students to strengthen their convictions from revolutionary ideals, draw strength from revolutionary history, and temper their character from revolutionary spirit. Third, excavate the profound strength in advanced socialist culture. The history of human civilization progress fully shows that without the active guidance of advanced culture, without the great enrichment of the people’s spiritual world, and without the full unleashing of the entire nation’s creative spirit, a country or a nation cannot stand among the advanced nations of the world. Advanced socialist culture is a socialist culture that is national, scientific, and popular, oriented toward modernization, the world, and the future, formed under the leadership of the Party in the great practice of advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics and under the guidance of Marxism. Advanced socialist culture reflects the development needs of advanced socialist productive forces, reflects the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people, and reflects the trends of the times and the requirements of development. Core values are the deepest core of culture, determining the nature and direction of culture, and embodying the cultural ideals and spiritual heights of a country and a nation. The core socialist values are the essence of advanced socialist culture, the concentrated embodiment of contemporary Chinese spirit, condensing the common value pursuits of all the people, and are of great significance for improving the ideological awareness, moral standards, and civilizational literacy of young students.

习近平指出：“在5000多年文明发展中孕育的中华优秀传统文化，在党和人民伟大斗争中孕育的革命文化和社会主义先进文化，积淀着中华民族最深层的精神追求，代表着中华民族独特的精神标识”，“为思政课建设提供了深厚力量”。守正创新推动思政课建设内涵式发展，要坚守中华文化立场，以“中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化为力量根基”。一是挖掘中华优秀传统文化中的深厚力量。中华优秀传统文化博大精深、源远流长，其中蕴含的天下为公、民惟邦本、为政以德、革故鼎新、任人唯贤、天人合一、自强不息、厚德载物、讲信修睦、亲仁善邻等，是中国人民在长期生产生活中积累的宇宙观、天下观、社会观、道德观的重要体现。它们既呈现于浩如烟海、 灿烂辉煌的文化成果，更集中体现为贯穿其中的思想观念、人文精神、道德规范，是中华民族有别于其他民族的独特标识。这些丰富且厚重的传统文化资源为思政课教师引经据典、博古论今提供了基础，成为以理服人、以文化人的重要依托。二是挖掘革命文化中的深厚力量。我们党领导中国人民在伟大斗争中创造形成的思想理论、价值追求、精神品格，尤其是构建的以伟大建党精神为源头的中国共产党人精神谱系，集中展现了中国人民浴血奋战、百折不挠，自力更生、发愤图强，解放思想、锐意进取，自信自强、守正创新的精神气概，有助于引导广大青年学生从革命理想中坚定信念，从革命历史中汲取力量，从革命精神中锤炼品格。三是挖掘社会主义先进文化的深厚力量。人类文明进步的历史充分表明，没有先进文化的积极引领，没有人民精神世界的极大丰富，没有全民族创造精神的充分发挥，一个国家、一个民族不可能屹立于世界先进民族之林。社会主义先进文化是在党领导人民推进中国特色社会主义伟大实践中，在马克思主义指导下形成的面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化。社会主义先进文化反映社会主义先进生产力发展需要，反映最广大人民群众根本利益，反映时代进步潮流和发展要求。核心价值观是文化最深层的内核，决定着文化的性质和方向，体现着一个国家、一个民族的文化理想和精神高度。社会主义核心价值观是社会主义先进文化的精髓，是当代中国精神的集中体现，凝结着全体人民共同的价值追求，对提高广大青年学生的思想觉悟、道德水准、文明素养具有重要意义。

IV. Adhere to Innovation-Driven Development, Stimulate Sustained Momentum for Strengthening and Improving the Construction of Ideological and Political Courses in Schools

四、 坚持创新驱动，激发加强和改进学校思政课建设的持续动力

Reform and innovation are the spirit of the times. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground to promote the connotative development of ideological and political course construction: innovation is the guarantee and development of upholding fundamental principles. It is necessary to promote reform and innovation on the basis of upholding fundamental principles, strengthening through improvement and improving through innovation. First, link required and elective courses to optimize the ideological and political course curriculum system. On the one hand, we must strive to create “hardcore” required ideological and political courses, making them the main front and core area for carrying out ideological and political course teaching; on the other hand, we must innovatively launch distinctive elective ideological and political courses, making them multi-channel and broad platforms for deepening ideological and political course teaching. Focusing on political identity, feelings for the family and country, moral cultivation, rule-of-law awareness, and cultural literacy, and taking love for the Party, love for the country, love for socialism, love for the people, and love for the collective as the main line, through the setting of diverse course modules, achieve the complementarity and mutual reinforcement of required and elective courses, continuously optimizing the ideological and political course curriculum system. Second, combine the small classroom of ideological and political courses with the big classroom of society to expand the construction pattern of ideological and political courses. On the one hand, take the magnificent practice as the classroom. Promote the integration of ideological and political course education and teaching with student volunteer services, theoretical propaganda, and social research. Take typical demonstrations such as Renmin University of China’s “Tracing the Leader’s Original Aspiration Path,” “Great Power Frontier Education Project,” “Thousand People, Hundred Villages,” and the “History of Poverty Alleviation in the People’s Republic of China” series of research projects, and various experiential practice classrooms, organizing students to enter society, go deep into the grassroots, understand national conditions, and feel responsibility. [4]4 These are specific social practice programs at Renmin University of China: “Tracing the Leader’s Original Aspiration Path” involves students visiting places where Party leaders worked; “Great Power Frontier Education Project” focuses on border regions; “Thousand People, Hundred Villages” is a rural survey program; the poverty alleviation history project documents China’s anti-poverty campaign. On the other hand, introduce vivid and lively practice into the classroom. Encourage local governments and schools to establish cooperation mechanisms with “big ideological and political courses” practical teaching bases, rely on vivid practical materials, refine the laws of practical education, and develop a large number of practical courses that can explain the Chinese path, Chinese governance, and Chinese principles. Third, empower with modern information technology to stimulate the innovative momentum of ideological and political courses. Relying on the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Higher Education Institutions and the National Online Collective Lesson Preparation Platform for Ideological and Political Theory Course Teachers in Higher Education Institutions, use digital governance technology to reshape course structure, resource development, and team training, build a question bank, case bank, material bank, and online demonstration course bank covering each ideological and political course and serving frontline teaching, create a “central kitchen” for online lesson preparation and learning of ideological and political courses with user stickiness, promote the deep integration of ideological and political courses with modern information technology, and continuously realize the transformation of ideological and political course construction from highlighting bright spots to connecting points into lines and surfaces, the transformation of high-quality resources from offline dispersion to online integration, and the transformation of reform results from local application to co-construction and sharing.

改革创新是时代精神。守正创新推动思政课建设内涵式发展，创新是守正的保障和发展，要在守正的基础上推动改革创新，在改进中加强、在创新中提高。一是以必修选修联动，优化思政课课程体系。既要倾力打造“硬核”思政必修课，使必修课成为开展思政课教学的主阵地和核心区；又要创新推出特色思政选修课，使选修课成为深化思政课教学的多通道和宽平台。以政治认同、家国情怀、道德修养、法治意识、文化素养为重点，以爱党、爱国、爱社会主义、爱人民、爱集体为主线，通过多元课程模块的设定，实现必修课与选修课相辅相成、相得益彰，不断优化思政课课程体系。二是以思政课小课堂社会大课堂结合，拓展思政课建设格局。一方面，以波澜壮阔的实践为课堂。推动思政课教育教学与学生志愿服务、理论宣讲、社会调研结合，以中国人民大学“追寻领袖初心路”“大国边疆育人工程”“千人百村”和“中华人民共和国脱贫攻坚史” 系列调研项目等各类体验式实践课堂为典型示范，组织学生走进社会、深入基层、了解国情、感悟担当。另一方面，引生动鲜活的实践进课堂。鼓励各地各校与“大思政课”实践教学基地建设合作机制，依托鲜活生动的实践素材，提炼实践育人规律，开发一大批能够阐释中国之路、中国之治、中国之理的实践大课。三是以现代信息技术赋能，激发思政课创新动力。依托北京高校思想政治理论课高精尖创新中心、全国高校思想政治理论课教师网络集体备课平台，以数字治理技术再造课程结构、资源开发、队伍培训，建设覆盖每门思政课、服务一线教学的问题库、案例库、素材库以及在线示范课程库等，打造富有用户黏性的思政课网络备课学习“中央厨房”，推动思政课同现代信息技术深度融合，不断实现思政课建设从突出亮点向点线成面的转变，优质资源从线下分散向线上集成的转变，改革成果从局部应用向共建共享的转变。

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