Strengthening Discipline Building Is the Fundamental Strategy for Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “To run China’s affairs well, the key

习近平总书记指出，“办好中国的事情，关键在党，关键在党要管党、全面从严治党”，“加强纪律建设是全面从严治党的治本之策”。在全党开展党纪学习教育，是加强党的纪律建设、推动全面从严治党向纵深发展的重要举措。高质量开展党纪学习教育，应教育引导党员干部学纪、知纪、明纪、守纪，搞清楚党的纪律规矩是什么，弄明白能干什么、不能干什么，把遵规守纪刻印在心，内化为言行准则，进一步强化纪律意识、加强自我约束、提高免疫能力，增强政治定力、纪律定力、道德定力、抵腐定力，始终做到忠诚干净担当。

I. Strict Discipline Is a Glorious Tradition and Unique Strength of the Party

一、纪律严明是党的光荣传统和独特优势

Strengthening discipline building is an inherent political character of a Marxist political party, a valuable historical experience of the Chinese Communist Party in its continuous growth and development, and the fundamental strategy for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. It embodies the dialectical unity and inevitable requirements of theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic.

加强纪律建设是马克思主义政党与生俱来的政治品格，是中国共产党不断发展壮大的宝贵历史经验，是全面从严治党的治本之策，体现出理论逻辑、历史逻辑、实践逻辑的辩证统一和必然要求。

Strict discipline is the essential attribute and inherent requirement of a Marxist political party. Tight organization and strict discipline are the distinctive features that distinguish a Marxist political party from other political parties. On the one hand, a Marxist political party is composed of the advanced elements of the proletariat, linked to advanced economic forms, and serves as the vanguard of the proletariat, inherently possessing tight organization and strict discipline. On the other hand, a Marxist political party bears the historical mission of leading the proletariat and the broadest masses of the people to overthrow bourgeois rule, establish the dictatorship of the proletariat, realize socialism and communism, and carry out the most extensive, thorough, and profound social transformation in human history; it must therefore enforce strict discipline. Marx and Engels placed great emphasis on the issue of Party discipline in the practice of founding a Marxist political party. They pointed out, "To ensure the success of the revolution, there must be unity of thought and action." In a letter to Engels, Marx stressed, "We must now absolutely maintain Party discipline, otherwise nothing will be achieved." Engels profoundly exposed the purpose and essence of Bakunin's denial of Party discipline, and clearly elucidated the importance of adhering to Party discipline for upholding the Party's nature and strengthening Party building. Lenin, in the process of establishing and developing the new-type proletarian political party in Russia, explored and reflected on why iron discipline is necessary, what iron discipline is, and how to strictly enforce it. Lenin profoundly pointed out, "The proletariat's achievement of unconditional centralization and the strictest discipline is one of the basic conditions for victory over the bourgeoisie," and that denying Party discipline "is tantamount to completely disarming the proletariat in favor of the bourgeoisie." He particularly emphasized, "The Party can fulfill its duties only if it is organized in a highly centralized manner, if iron discipline approximating military discipline prevails within it, and if the Party's central organs are authoritative institutions with broad powers and the universal trust of Party members." In short, in the practice of founding and developing Marxist political parties, revolutionary leaders waged resolute struggles against various erroneous trends of thought, erroneous views, and erroneous actions within the proletarian political party, continuously advancing and maturing the thought on discipline building. This became a brilliant component of Marxist Party-building theory, forging the Party into a strong organization with iron-like discipline.

纪律严明是马克思主义政党的本质属性和内在要求。组织严密、纪律严明是马克思主义政党区别于其他政党的鲜明特征。一方面，马克思主义政党由无产阶级中的先进分子组成，与先进的经济形式相联系，是无产阶级的先进部队，本身就具有严密的组织性和严明的纪律性。另一方面，马克思主义政党肩负着领导无产阶级和最广大人民群众推翻资产阶级统治，建立无产阶级专政，实现社会主义和共产主义，进行人类历史上最广泛、最彻底、最深刻的社会变革的历史重任，必须执行严格的纪律。马克思、恩格斯在创建马克思主义政党的实践中高度重视党的纪律问题。他们指出，“为了保证革命的成功，必须有思想和行动的统一”。马克思在写给恩格斯的信中强调，“我们现在必须绝对保持党的纪律，否则将一事无成”。恩格斯则深刻揭露了巴枯宁否认党的纪律的目的和实质，深刻阐明了坚持党的纪律对坚持党的性质、加强党的建设的重要性。列宁在俄国新型无产阶级政党建立和发展壮大过程中，围绕为什么必须有铁的纪律、铁的纪律是什么、怎样严格执行纪律进行了探索和思考。列宁深刻指出，“无产阶级实现无条件的集中和极严格的纪律，是战胜资产阶级的基本条件之一”，否定党的纪律“就等于完全解除无产阶级的武装而有利于资产阶级”。他特别强调，“共产党只有按照高度集中的方式组织起来，在党内实行近似军事纪律那样的铁的纪律，党的中央机关成为拥有广泛的权力、得到党员普遍信任的权威性机构，只有这样，党才能履行自己的职责”。总之，在创建和发展马克思主义政党的实践中，革命领袖与无产阶级政党内部的各种错误思潮、错误观点和错误行为进行了坚决斗争，推动纪律建设思想不断发展并走向成熟，成为马克思主义建党学说中的光辉组成部分，把党锻造为具有铁一般纪律的坚强组织。

Strict discipline is an important guarantee for our Party's continuous progress from victory to victory. The Chinese Communist Party is a Marxist political party organized by revolutionary ideals and iron discipline. From its very inception, the Party was founded with strict discipline. The program adopted at the First National Congress contained 15 articles, of which at least 6 involved provisions related to discipline. The first Party Constitution adopted at the Second National Congress established a dedicated chapter on "Discipline." The "Resolution on Organizational Issues" adopted at the Fifth National Congress explicitly raised the concept of "political discipline" for the first time, emphasizing that "intra-Party discipline is extremely important, but political discipline should be given priority." Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, "The line is the 'kingly way,' and discipline is the 'hegemonic way'"; "Discipline is the guarantee for implementing the line"; and "Strengthen discipline, and the revolution will be invincible." Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out, "For a big country like ours, how can it be united and organized? First, by ideals; second, by discipline." During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, our Party promulgated the disciplinary regulations of the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six Points for Attention" (later developed into the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention"), transforming the army under the Party's leadership into a new type of people's army. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, in response to Zhang Guotao's splittist actions and their lessons, the Party established the disciplinary regulation of "the Four Obediences" [1]1 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing, and conducted strict discipline and legal education through cases such as those of Huang Kegong and Liu Ligong [2]2 The *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* is a foundational intra-Party regulation specifying disciplinary categories, sanctions, and procedures for CPC members who violate Party discipline.. During the War of Liberation, the Party established a system of requesting instructions and submitting reports, greatly enhancing the consciousness of the entire Party and army in observing discipline, providing a strong political guarantee for winning national victory. After the founding of New China, the Party unswervingly strengthened discipline building, seriously investigated and dealt with the corruption cases of Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan [3]3 Intra-Party regulations (党内法规) are binding rules issued by the CPC Central Committee and other authorized Party bodies, governing the conduct of Party organizations and members., and carried out political discipline education throughout the Party. After reform and opening up, the Party conducted multiple centralized education campaigns and comprehensive Party rectification, purified Party organizations, rectified Party discipline, restored the Party's fine traditions and work style, improved various disciplinary regulations, and discipline building increasingly moved toward institutionalization, scientization, and standardization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has embarked on a new journey of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, unremittingly using strict discipline to govern the entire Party and all Party members, fundamentally reversing the lax and soft situation in Party governance and Party management, and providing a strong disciplinary guarantee for the development of the Party and the country's undertakings. Looking back over the entire history of the Party, we have always adhered to using the Party's disciplinary weapon to continuously regulate the behavior of the entire Party, unify the thoughts and actions of the entire Party, maintain the Party's unity and solidarity, preserve the Party's high degree of cohesion and strong combat effectiveness, forge the Party into "a single piece of solid steel," and effectively promote the vigorous development of the Party's and the people's cause.

纪律严明是我们党不断从胜利走向胜利的重要保障。中国共产党是靠革命理想和铁的纪律组织起来的马克思主义政党。党成立伊始就以严格的纪律立党，党的一大通过的纲领共有15条，其中涉及纪律相关规定的就至少有6条。党的二大通过的第一部党章设立“纪律”专章，党的五大通过的《组织问题议决案》第一次明确提出“政治纪律”的概念，强调“党内纪律非常重要，但宜重视政治纪律”。毛泽东同志指出，“路线是‘王道’，纪律是‘霸道’”，“纪律是执行路线的保证”，“加强纪律性，革命无不胜”。邓小平同志指出，“我们这么大一个国家，怎样才能团结起来、组织起来呢？一靠理想，二靠纪律”。土地革命战争时期，我们党颁布了“三大纪律，六项注意”（后发展成为“三大纪律、八项注意”）的纪律规定，使党领导下的军队成为新型的人民军队。抗日战争时期，针对张国焘分裂主义行径及其教训等，党作出了“四个服从”的纪律规定，并通过黄克功、刘力功等事件开展严明纪法教育。解放战争时期，党建立请示报告制度，全党全军遵守纪律的自觉性极大提高，为夺取全国胜利提供了坚强政治保证。新中国成立后，党坚定不移加强纪律建设，严肃查处刘青山、张子善贪污案，在全党开展政治纪律教育。改革开放后，党多次开展集中教育活动，进行全面整党，纯洁党的组织，整肃党的纪律，恢复党的优良传统作风，完善各项纪律规定，纪律建设不断走向制度化、科学化、规范化。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央开启全面从严治党新征程，坚持不懈用严明的纪律管全党、治全党，从根本上扭转了管党治党宽松软的状况，为党和国家事业发展提供了坚强纪律保障。纵观党的全部历史，我们始终坚持运用党的纪律武器，不断规范全党行为，统一全党思想和行动，维护了党的团结统一，保持了党的高度凝聚力和强大战斗力，把党锻造成为“一块整钢”，有力推动党和人民的事业蓬勃发展。

Governing the Party and managing the Party with strict discipline. "To know whether something is straight or level, one must use a plumb line and a water level; to know whether something is square or round, one must use a carpenter's square and compass." [4]4 “Two separate skins” (两张皮) is a Chinese idiom referring to a situation where two related things are disconnected or not integrated, here meaning the separation of discipline education from practical work. Strict discipline is the inherent requirement and important guarantee for strengthening and standardizing political life within the Party. It is necessary to always strengthen the binding force of intra-Party institutions, tighten the cage of institutions, and make ironclad rules effective and powerful. General

用严明的纪律管党治党。“欲知平直，则必准绳；欲知方圆，则必规矩。”纪律严明是加强和规范党内政治生活的内在要求和重要保证，必须始终强化党内制度约束，扎紧制度的笼子，使铁规发力生威。习近平总书记指出，“在一个幅员辽阔、人口众多的发展中大国执政，如果不严明党的纪律，党的凝聚力和战斗力就会大大削弱，党的领导能力和执政能力就会大大削弱”。在一段历史时期内，我们党面临的“四大考验”“四种危险”严峻艰巨，影响党的先进性、弱化党的纯洁性的因素错综复杂，思想不纯、政治不纯、组织不纯、作风不纯等突出问题没有得到根本解决，一些党组织和党员干部在纪律建设方面存在意识淡薄、思想松懈、执行软弱、责任虚化等问题。针对这些情况，习近平总书记强调，“如果党的政治纪律成了摆设，就会形成‘破窗效应’，使党的章程、原则、制度、部署丧失严肃性和权威性，党就会沦为各取所需、自行其是的‘私人俱乐部’”。习近平总书记明确指出，“党要管党、从严治党，靠什么管，凭什么治？就要靠严明纪律。”党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央明确提出“加强纪律建设是全面从严治党的治本之策”的重要论断，将其纳入党的建设总体布局，以前所未有的力度加强纪律建设，在实践上和理论上都实现了重大突破，开辟了马克思主义政党纪律建设的新境界，为提高管党治党水平发挥了重要纪律保障作用。经过新时代全面从严治党的革命性锻造，纪律松弛、作风漂浮状况显著改善，真管真严、敢管敢严、长管长严氛围基本形成，党风政风焕然一新，社风民风持续向好，重塑了党在人民心中的形象。

II. Giving Full Play to the Role of Discipline Building in Addressing Both Symptoms and Root Causes

二、发挥纪律建设标本兼治作用

Discipline is the “yardstick” for governing the Party and managing its affairs. Only by placing discipline building in a more prominent position, strictly enforcing the Party’s political discipline and political rules, effectively maintaining the rigidity of discipline, and transforming iron discipline into the daily habits and conscious compliance of Party cadres, can the dual role of discipline building in addressing both symptoms and root causes be fully unleashed, and can comprehensive and strict governance of the Party be advanced in depth with a thorough spirit of self-revolution.

纪律是管党治党的“戒尺”。把纪律建设摆在更加突出位置，严明党的政治纪律和政治规矩，切实维护纪律刚性，使铁的纪律转化为党员干部的日常习惯和自觉遵循，方能充分发挥纪律建设标本兼治的利器作用，以彻底的自我革命精神纵深推进全面从严治党。

Placing the strict enforcement of political discipline and political rules in a prominent position. As a Marxist political party, our Party must take a clear-cut stand on politics. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “In enforcing Party discipline, the first priority is to enforce political discipline,” and “No one may treat political discipline and political rules as a game.” [1]1 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing “Once the main rope of a net is pulled up, all the meshes open.” [2]2 The *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* is a foundational intra-Party regulation specifying disciplinary categories, sanctions, and procedures for CPC members who violate Party discipline. History has repeatedly proven that the unity and solidarity of the Party is the life of the Party, and the strong and resolute leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and risks. The unity and solidarity of the Party is first and foremost political unity and solidarity. Political discipline is the code of conduct that Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must observe in terms of political direction, political stance, political speech, and political behavior; it is the fundamental guarantee for maintaining the Party’s unity and solidarity. Therefore, political discipline is the most important, most fundamental, and most crucial discipline, and observing political discipline is the important foundation for observing all Party discipline. If political discipline is not established, not strictly enforced, or not fully implemented, it will inevitably lead to the comprehensive breakdown of other disciplines, and the Party will fall into a state of weakness and laxity. Similarly, no matter which discipline is violated, if left unchecked, it will ultimately undermine the Party’s political discipline and erode the Party’s governing foundation. We must persist in placing the Party’s political building in the first place, take upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee as the highest political principle, align ourselves with the Party Central Committee in all aspects of thought, politics, and action, achieving consistency between inner conviction and outward behavior and unity of knowledge and action, and implement the Party’s overall leadership in all areas, aspects, and links of governing the Party and the country. Party organizations at all levels and the vast majority of Party members must consciously observe political discipline and political rules, continuously strengthen the Four Consciousnesses, [3]3 Intra-Party regulations (党内法规) are binding rules issued by the CPC Central Committee and other authorized Party bodies, governing the conduct of Party organizations and members. take the Two Upholds [4]4 “Two separate skins” (两张皮) is a Chinese idiom referring to a situation where two related things are disconnected or not integrated, here meaning the separation of discipline education from practical work. as the starting point and goal of discipline building, deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, [5] achieve the goals of adhering to political faith, grasping the correct political direction, taking a firm political stance, and maintaining political resolve, continuously enhance political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, and give full play to the powerful political advantages of Party leadership.

把严明政治纪律和政治规矩摆在突出位置。我们党作为马克思主义政党，必须旗帜鲜明讲政治。习近平总书记指出，“严明党的纪律，首要的就是严明政治纪律”，“谁都不能拿政治纪律和政治规矩当儿戏”。“壹引其纲，万目皆张。”历史反复证明，党的团结统一是党的生命，党中央坚强有力领导是我们战胜一切困难和风险的根本保证。党的团结统一首先是政治上的团结统一。政治纪律是各级党组织和全体党员在政治方向、政治立场、政治言论、政治行为方面必须遵守的行为准则，是维护党的团结统一的根本保证。因此，政治纪律是最重要、最根本、最关键的纪律，遵守政治纪律是遵守党的全部纪律的重要基础。如果政治纪律立不起来、严不起来或执行不到位，势必导致其他纪律全面失守，党就会陷入软弱涣散的境地。同样，不管违反哪方面纪律，如果任其发展，最终都会破坏党的政治纪律，侵蚀党的执政基础。我们要坚持把党的政治建设摆在首位，把维护党中央权威和集中统一领导作为最高政治原则，在思想上政治上行动上全方位向党中央看齐，做到表里如一、知行合一，把党的全面领导落实到管党治党、治国理政各领域各方面各环节。各级党组织和广大党员要自觉遵守政治纪律和政治规矩，不断增强“四个意识”，将“两个维护”作为纪律建设的出发点和落脚点，深刻认识“两个确立”的决定性意义，做到坚守政治信仰、把准政治方向、站稳政治立场、保持政治定力，不断增强政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，充分发挥党的领导的强大政治优势。

Making discipline truly a live high-voltage line. “What the world worries about is not the lack of laws, but the lack of laws that are sure to be enforced.” [6] Discipline is meant to be enforced. Facts have repeatedly proven that the laxity and weakness of Party organizations always begin with the “laxity and softness” of disciplinary constraints; the “breaking of the law” by Party cadres always begins with the “breaking of discipline.” General

使纪律真正成为带电的高压线。“世不患无法，而患无必行之法也。”制定纪律就是要执行的。事实一再证明，党组织涣散无力，无不始于纪律约束“宽松软”；党员干部“破法”，无不始于“破纪”。习近平总书记指出，“遵守党的纪律是无条件的，要说到做到，有纪必执，有违必查，而不能合意的就执行，不合意的就不执行，不能把纪律作为一个软约束或是束之高阁的一纸空文。”首先，要坚持有令必行、有禁必止，对违规违纪、破坏法规制度踩“红线”、越“底线”、闯“雷区”的，要坚决严肃查处，不以权势大而破规，不以问题小而姑息，不以违者众而放任，不留“暗门”、不开“天窗”，坚决防止“破窗效应”。其次，领导干部是从严管党治党的“关键少数”，督促领导干部在遵守和执行纪律上走在前、作表率，才能带动广大党员干部真正把纪律严起来。各级党组织“一把手”是纪律建设的领导者、推动者和践行者，必须压紧压实“一把手”管党治党责任链。各级纪检监察机关结合实际健全配套制度机制，督促各级党组织“一把手”知责履责、严管队伍，管党治党制度笼子越织越密、责任越压越实。最后，全面从严治党关键在治、要害在严，“严”才能保证正风肃纪有效性。党规制定、党纪教育、执纪监督全过程都要贯彻严的要求，坚持惩治震慑、制度约束、提高觉悟一体发力，既让铁纪“长牙”、发威，又让干部重视、警醒、知止，使全党形成遵规守纪的高度自觉。

Persist in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together. The building of Party discipline does not exist in isolation; rather, it is an important component of the great new project of Party building in the New Era and an important institutional support for perfecting the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, "Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline form an organic whole, with Party spirit as the foundation, Party conduct as the manifestation, and Party discipline as the guarantee." Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline are unified within Party building; the three are interconnected, interact, and promote each other. Persisting in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together is a manifestation of systematic thinking in governing and managing the Party, jointly forging a strong and powerful Marxist political party. Discipline is the "yardstick" for governing and managing the Party, the standard and guideline for Party cadres to restrain their own behavior, and also an important guarantee for Party spirit and Party conduct. Strictly observing discipline is a test of Party cadres' Party spirit and also a test of their loyalty to the Party. The tempering of Party spirit is not only an internalization process of self-transformation and self-education but also cannot be separated from the necessary constraint of external forces. The stricter the Party discipline, the denser the institutional net woven, the more it helps to temper and enhance Party spirit, and the easier it is to form good Party conduct and government conduct. Only by continuously strengthening the building of Party discipline can the institutional foundation be laid for tempering Party spirit and purifying Party conduct, and can political clarity and social integrity be achieved. Conversely, without strict discipline and lacking the institutional guarantee for cultivating Party spirit and conduct, Party spirit education and conduct building will find it difficult to proceed on a normalized and long-term basis. Persisting in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together helps to continuously enhance the Party spirit cultivation of Party cadres in the process of rectifying conduct and enforcing discipline, and effectively construct a scientific and complete disciplinary system while enhancing Party spirit, ultimately forming a healthy and upright political ecosystem within the Party. The deeper comprehensive and strict governance of the Party advances, the more it is necessary to persist in "grasping together," deeply understand the regular pattern that misconduct and corruption are intertwined and share the same root, treat rectifying conduct and enforcing discipline as a systematic project, and use the "full-cycle management" method to exert force in an integrated manner on raising awareness, cultivating an atmosphere, and punishing and deterring.

坚持党性党风党纪一起抓。党的纪律建设并不是孤立存在的，而是新时代党的建设新的伟大工程的重要组成部分，是健全全面从严治党体系的重要制度支撑。习近平总书记深刻指出，“党性、党风、党纪是有机整体，党性是根本，党风是表现，党纪是保障”。党性党风党纪统一于党的建设之中，三者相互联系、相互作用、相互促进。坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，是管党治党系统思维的体现，合力锻造出一个坚强有力的马克思主义政党。纪律是管党治党的“戒尺”，是党员干部约束自身行为的标准和遵循，也是党性、党风的重要保障。严守纪律是对党员干部党性的考验，也是对党忠诚度的考验。党性锻炼既是一个自我改造、自我教育的内化过程，同时也离不开必要的外在力量约束。党纪越严，制度之网织得越密，则越有助于党性的锻炼和提升，也越容易形成良好的党风政风。只有不断加强党的纪律建设，才能为锤炼党性、净化党风奠定制度基础，才能实现政治清明、社会清朗。反之，如果没有严明的纪律，缺乏党性修养和作风养成的制度保证，党性教育、作风建设就难以常态化长效化地进行下去。坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，有助于在正风肃纪中持续增强党员干部党性修养，在增强党性中有效构建科学完备的纪律体系，最终形成风清气正的党内政治生态。全面从严治党越是往纵深推进，越需要坚持“一起抓”，深刻把握不正之风和腐败问题互为表里、同根同源的规律性认识，把正风肃纪作为一项系统工程来抓，运用“全周期管理”方式，在提高觉悟、涵养风气、惩治震慑上一体发力。

III. Promoting the In-depth Development of Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party through Party Discipline Learning and Education

三、以党纪学习教育推动全面从严治党向纵深发展

Carrying out Party discipline learning and education across the Party is a major decision and deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, in light of the new situation and new tasks of governing, managing, rejuvenating, and strengthening the Party, and with a view to enhancing the Party's creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness, and ensuring the Party's political, ideological, and action unity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly delivered important speeches and made important instructions on carrying out Party discipline learning and education, providing a fundamental guide for this work. We must deeply study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches and instructions, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments [1]1 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing, resolutely achieve the Two Upholds [2]2 The *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* is a foundational intra-Party regulation specifying disciplinary categories, sanctions, and procedures for CPC members who violate Party discipline., and effectively unify our thoughts and actions with the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee.

在全党开展党纪学习教育是以习近平同志为核心的党中央结合治党管党兴党强党的新形势新任务，着眼于增强党的创造力、凝聚力、战斗力，保证全党政治统一、思想统一、行动统一，作出的重大决策部署。习近平总书记多次就开展党纪学习教育发表重要讲话、作出重要指示，为开展党纪学习教育提供了根本遵循。我们要深入学习贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话和重要指示精神，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，坚决做到“两个维护”，切实把思想和行动统一到党中央决策部署上来。

Deepen the understanding of the importance of strengthening the Party’s discipline building. “A person will be ruined if he does not observe the rules; a Party will be thrown into chaos if it does not observe the rules.” [1]1 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing Our Party shoulders the lofty mission of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and also faces major challenges on the road ahead, including high winds and rough seas, even raging waves. It must maintain strategic sobriety, political resolve, and the capacity to respond. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “The more complex the situation the Party faces and the more arduous the tasks it shoulders, the more it must strengthen discipline building, the more it must safeguard the Party’s unity and solidarity, and ensure that the whole Party acts with one will, one action, and in unison.” [2]2 The *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* is a foundational intra-Party regulation specifying disciplinary categories, sanctions, and procedures for CPC members who violate Party discipline. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party must be threaded through with the “red line” of discipline, using strict discipline to ensure that the whole Party stresses politics, manages ideology, strengthens organization, grasps work style, builds institutions, and combats corruption. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC made strategic arrangements for comprehensively strengthening the Party’s discipline building, further emphasizing that “discipline building must be placed in a more prominent position,” [3]3 Intra-Party regulations (党内法规) are binding rules issued by the CPC Central Committee and other authorized Party bodies, governing the conduct of Party organizations and members. releasing a strong signal that governing the Party is becoming increasingly strict and that enforcement of discipline will become stricter over time, fully demonstrating the Party’s firm determination and strong will to continuously advance self-revolution. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, “Party discipline is coercive; but at the same time, it must be built on the consciousness of Party members and cadres.” [4]4 “Two separate skins” (两张皮) is a Chinese idiom referring to a situation where two related things are disconnected or not integrated, here meaning the separation of discipline education from practical work. Therefore, we must take this study and education on Party discipline as an opportunity to further deepen the whole Party’s understanding of the importance of strengthening the Party’s discipline building and of the harmfulness of neglecting Party discipline and violating Party discipline, to push Party organizations at all levels and leading bodies to strictly strengthen the Party’s discipline building, to push the vast majority of Party members and cadres to strengthen their consciousness of abiding by discipline, to consolidate the foundation and cultivate the root [5] from the ideological level, and to use strict discipline to ensure that the whole Party firmly and consciously maintains a high degree of unity with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, unifies thinking and action, knows what to do and what not

进一步深化对加强党的纪律建设重要性的认识。“人不以规矩则废，党不以规矩则乱。”我们党肩负着以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的崇高使命，也面对着前进道路上风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大挑战，必须保持战略清醒、政治定力和应对能力。习近平总书记指出，“党面临的形势越复杂、肩负的任务越艰巨，就越要加强纪律建设，越要维护党的团结统一，确保全党统一意志、统一行动、步调一致前进”。全面从严治党需要用纪律这条“红线”贯穿起来，以严明的纪律保障全党讲政治、管思想、强组织、抓作风、建制度、反腐败。党的二十大报告对全面加强党的纪律建设作出战略部署，进一步强调“要把纪律建设摆在更加突出位置”，释放了从严治党越来越严、越往后执纪越严的强烈信号，充分彰显了我们党不断推进自我革命的坚定决心和坚强意志。毛泽东同志指出，“党的纪律是带着强制性的；但同时，它又必须是建立在党员与干部的自觉性上面”。因此，要以此次党纪学习教育为契机，进一步深化全党对加强党的纪律建设重要性和忽视党纪、违反党纪问题危害性的认识，推动各级党组织和领导班子从严抓好党的纪律建设，推动广大党员干部强化遵守纪律的自觉，从思想上固本培元，以严明的纪律确保全党坚定自觉同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，统一思想、统一行动，知行知止、令行禁止，形成推进中国式现代化的强大动力和合力。

Educate and guide Party members and cadres to study, understand, clarify, and observe discipline. It is necessary to promote discipline education to advance layer by layer, deepen and solidify it, ensuring that the Party’s discipline is internalized in the mind and externalized in action. First, earnestly study discipline. One must study the newly revised *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* [2]2 The *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Sanctions* is a foundational intra-Party regulation specifying disciplinary categories, sanctions, and procedures for CPC members who violate Party discipline. in its original form, chapter by chapter and article by article, accurately grasp its main essence and stipulated requirements, and further clarify the yardstick for daily words and deeds. One must study with thorough comprehension, diligently delving into and thoroughly mastering each discipline, understanding both its wording and its meaning, both what it is and why it is so. One must study in connection with reality, closely integrating it with actual circumstances, placing oneself, one’s duties, and one’s work into it, conducting in-depth self-analysis, and earnestly carrying out criticism and self-criticism. Second, accurately understand discipline. Thoroughly change the situation where some Party members and cadres are “not attentive to, not familiar with, and not in command of” Party rules and discipline, and where their study is superficial, half-baked, and insufficiently thorough. Not only must one understand the negative list and bottom-line red lines of “what cannot be done,” continuously strengthening bottom-line awareness and discipline-observing concepts; one must also understand the responsibility, mission, and tasks of “what can be done,” continuously stimulating the proactive spirit and fighting will of Party members and cadres. Third, consciously clarify discipline. Educate and guide Party members and cadres to become people who understand discipline, to revere and fear discipline from the heart, to internalize compliance with rules and discipline into daily speech and conduct standards that are used without conscious thought, and to continuously enhance political resolve, disciplinary resolve, moral resolve, and resolve against corruption. Fourth, strictly observe discipline. One must be cautious when alone, cautious in small matters, cautious at the start, and cautious to the end, observe discipline unconditionally, without making compromises, without cutting corners, without leaving leeway, without playing tricks, and with concrete actions resolutely uphold the seriousness and authority of the Party’s discipline, embodying the advanced nature and purity of Party members, truly making the process of studying Party discipline a process of enhancing disciplinary awareness and improving Party spirit cultivation.

教育引导党员干部学纪、知纪、明纪、守纪。要推动纪律教育层层深入、走深走实，确保党的纪律内化于心、外化于行。一是认真学纪。要原原本本、逐章逐条学习新修订的《中国共产党纪律处分条例》，准确把握其主旨要义和规定要求，进一步明确日常言行的衡量标尺。要融会贯通学，对每一条纪律都认真钻研、学深学透，既知其言又知其义，既知其然又知其所以然。要联系实际学，紧密结合实际，把自己摆进去、把职责摆进去、把工作摆进去，深入进行自我剖析，认真开展批评和自我批评。二是准确知纪。彻底改变一些党员、干部对党规党纪“不上心、不了解、不掌握”和学习粗浅、一知半解、不够透彻的状况。不仅要弄明白“不能干什么”的负面清单和底线红线，不断强化底线意识、守纪观念；还要弄明白“能干什么”的责任担当和使命任务，不断激发党员干部主动精神、斗争意志。三是自觉明纪。教育引导党员干部做纪律上的明白人，从内心尊崇纪律、敬畏纪律，把遵规守纪内化为日用而不觉的言行准则，不断增强政治定力、纪律定力、道德定力、抵腐定力。四是严格守纪。要慎独慎微慎初慎终，无条件地遵守纪律，不搞变通、不打折扣、不留余地、不玩花样，以实际行动坚决维护党的纪律的严肃性和权威性，体现出党员的先进性和纯洁性，真正使学习党纪的过程成为增强纪律意识、提高党性修养的过程。

Transform the results of study into practical effectiveness in promoting the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to deepen. Carrying out education on Party discipline is a foundational and routine task for implementing the requirements of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and strengthening Party discipline building. It is necessary to accurately grasp the political nature, timeliness, and targetedness of Party discipline building, continuously exert effort across the entire chain, full cycle, and full coverage, advance the institutionalization, normalization, and long-term effectiveness of Party discipline study and education, effectively make discipline education substantive and strict, persevere with sustained effort, and with strict discipline safeguard the steady and long-term progress of the Party’s and the people’s cause. First, it is necessary to persist in establishing disciplinary rules and regulations, further highlight the problem-oriented and practice-oriented nature of discipline building, continuously improve Party discipline regulations in accordance with the tasks of Party building and the strategic deployment of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, construct a system of intra-Party regulations [3]3 Intra-Party regulations (党内法规) are binding rules issued by the CPC Central Committee and other authorized Party bodies, governing the conduct of Party organizations and members. with scientific content, rigorous procedures, complete supporting measures, and effective operation, weave the net of Party discipline tighter and denser, and achieve the advancement of intra-Party regulation building with the times. Second, it is necessary to always maintain a strict tone without relaxation, handle discipline with a zero-tolerance attitude, persist in correcting errors as soon as they are found, enforcing discipline whenever it is violated, strictly enforcing discipline, and investigating and punishing all violations of discipline, strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of disciplinary sanctions, make discipline truly a live high-voltage line, let disciplinary rules become an important guideline for Party members and cadres to take on responsibilities and start undertakings, and effectively uphold the authority of discipline. Third, it is necessary to persist in grasping both ends and promoting both, effectively prevent “two separate skins” [4]4 “Two separate skins” (两张皮) is a Chinese idiom referring to a situation where two related things are disconnected or not integrated, here meaning the separation of discipline education from practical work., closely integrate the study and education of Party discipline with the implementation of the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the completion of the key work of the region, department, or unit, make every measure of Party discipline study and education an effective initiative to promote central work, and build a normal and long-term mechanism of promoting reform through study and promoting governance through study.

把学习成果转化为推动全面从严治党向纵深发展的实际成效。开展党纪学习教育是落实全面从严治党要求、加强党的纪律建设的一项基础性、经常性工作，要准确把握党的纪律建设的政治性、时代性、针对性，在全链条全周期全覆盖上持续用力，推进党纪学习教育走向制度化、常态化、长效化，切实把纪律教育实起来、严起来，持之以恒、久久为功，以严明的纪律护航党和人民的事业行稳致远。一是要坚持把纪律规矩立起来，进一步突出纪律建设的问题导向、实践导向，根据党的建设形势任务和全面从严治党战略部署不断完善党的纪律规定，构建内容科学、程序严密、配套完备、运行有效的党内法规制度体系，把党的纪律这张大网织得更紧更密，实现党内法规建设的与时俱进。二是要始终保持严的基调不放松，以零容忍的态度抓纪律，坚持有错即纠、有纪必执、执纪必严、违纪必究，加强对纪律处分执行情况的监督检查，使纪律真正成为带电的高压线，让纪律规矩成为党员干部担当作为、干事创业的重要遵循，有效维护纪律权威性。三是要坚持两手抓两促进，切实防止“两张皮”，把开展党纪学习教育同落实党中央重大决策部署、完成本地区本部门本单位重点工作紧密结合起来，使党纪学习教育每项措施都成为促进中心工作的有效举措，构建以学促改、以学促治的常态长效机制。

(Author: Deputy Director of the Institute of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Fudan University; Researcher at the School of Marxism, Fudan University; Researcher at the Shanghai Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

（作者：复旦大学纪检监察研究院副院长、马克思主义学院研究员，上海市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁