Unswervingly Promote the High-Quality Development of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in the New Era

Ideological and political theory courses (hereinafter referred to as “ideological and political courses”) are key courses for comprehensively implementing the Party’s educational policy and fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [1]1 The “Project to Forge New People of the Era” (时代新人铸魂工程) is a Party-led initiative to cultivate young people with ideals, ability, and responsibility for the New Era.; they are the primary front for propagating and teaching the Party’s innovative theories, and a crucial link in ensuring that the cause of training successors is well managed. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has consistently placed the construction of ideological and political courses in schools at an important position in educational work, profoundly answering a series of directional and fundamental questions concerning the construction of ideological and political courses in schools in the New Era, thereby charting the course and providing fundamental guidance for advancing the innovative development of ideological and political education in schools. Following his chairing of a symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools and delivering an important speech on March 18, 2019, Xi Jinping recently issued another important directive on the construction of ideological and political courses in schools, profoundly analyzing the new situation and new tasks facing the construction of ideological and political courses on the new journey of the New Era, profoundly elucidating the guiding ideology, core content, important foundation, scientific methods, basic support, and fundamental guarantees for the construction of ideological and political courses in the New Era, and sounding a new clarion call for continuously creating a new situation in ideological and political education in the New Era.

思想政治理论课（以下简称“思政课”）是全面贯彻党的教育方针、落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，是宣传和讲授党的创新理论的第一阵地，是抓好后继有人这个根本大计的关键一环。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把学校思政课建设放在教育工作的重要位置，深刻回答事关新时代学校思政课建设的一系列方向性根本性问题，为推进新时代学校思想政治教育创新发展指明了方向、提供了根本遵循。继2019年3月18日主持召开学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会并发表重要讲话之后，习近平近日再次对学校思政课建设作出重要指示，深刻分析了新时代新征程思政课建设面临的新形势新任务，深刻阐明新时代思政课建设的指导思想、核心内容、重要根基、科学方法、基础支撑、根本保障等，吹响了不断开创新时代思想政治教育新局面的新号角。

To uphold fundamental principles and break new ground [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings. in promoting the connotative development of ideological and political course construction, it is necessary to integrate the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era with the fulfillment of the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, persist in advancing the construction of ideological and political courses in tandem with the theoretical武装 [3]3 The “Standards for the Construction of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Higher Education Institutions” (高等学校思想政治理论课建设标准) is a regulatory document issued by the Ministry of Education specifying requirements for course content, teaching, and evaluation. of the Party’s innovative theories, consolidate and expand the achievements of the thematic education on studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era [4]4 A classical Chinese saying from the *Disciple Rules* (*Dizigui*), a Confucian text on proper conduct., grasp the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, adhere to and apply the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods that run through it, continuously promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political courses, continuously create a new situation in ideological and political education in the New Era, and steadily cultivate more and more new generations of the era who are reassuring to the Party, patriotic and dedicated, and capable of shouldering the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation.

守正创新推进思政课建设内涵式发展，必须把学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想与落实立德树人的根本任务结合起来，坚持思政课建设与党的创新理论武装同步推进，巩固和拓展学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想主题教育成果，把握好习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，坚持好运用好贯穿其中的立场观点方法，不断推动思政课改革创新，不断开创新时代思想政治教育新局面，源源不断培养更多让党放心、爱国奉献、担当民族复兴重任的时代新人。

I. Uphold Confidence and Self-Reliance, Continuously Strengthen Confidence in Running Ideological and Political Courses Well

一、坚持自信自立，不断增强办好思政课的信心

Upholding confidence and self-reliance is an important component of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and an inherent spiritual trait forged by the Communist Party of China in the great practice of leading the Chinese people in revolution, construction, and reform. “The successful path of the Party’s century-long struggle was blazed by the Party leading the people through independent exploration; the Chinese chapter of Marxism was written by Chinese Communists relying on their own strength in practice. A fundamental point running through this is that China’s problems must be solved by the Chinese people themselves, starting from China’s basic national conditions.” [1]1 The “Project to Forge New People of the Era” (时代新人铸魂工程) is a Party-led initiative to cultivate young people with ideals, ability, and responsibility for the New Era.(P19) Xi Jinping pointed out: “To run ideological and political courses well, there are many problems that need to be solved, but the most important is to solve the problem of confidence.” [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings.(P8) For a long time, due to reasons such as the high demands and great difficulty of teaching ideological and political courses, some teachers have harbored a lack of confidence in teaching them well. Xi Jinping, with

坚持自信自立是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论的重要内容，是中国共产党在领导中国人民进行革命、建设和改革的伟大实践中铸就的内在精神特质。“党的百年奋斗成功道路是党领导人民独立自主探索开辟出来的，马克思主义的中国篇章是中国共产党人依靠自身力量实践出来的，贯穿其中的一个基本点就是中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发，由中国人自己来解答。”[1](P19)习近平指出：“办好思政课，有不少问题需要解决，但最重要的是解决好信心问题。”[2](P8)长期以来，由于对思政课教学要求高、难度大等原因，在某些教师心中存在对讲好思政课信心不足的问题。习近平高瞻远瞩、统揽全局，深刻总结了当前思政课建设已有的基础和条件，得出“我们完全有信心有能力把思政课办得越来越好”这一重要战略判断。

First, the Party Central Committee attaches great importance to ideological and political work, providing a fundamental guarantee for the construction of ideological and political theory courses. "In running China's affairs well, the key lies in the Party." [3]3 The “Standards for the Construction of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Higher Education Institutions” (高等学校思想政治理论课建设标准) is a regulatory document issued by the Ministry of Education specifying requirements for course content, teaching, and evaluation.(P43) Looking back at the history of the CPC's establishment and development of school education, the distinctive feature of attaching great importance to ideological and political work runs through the entire process. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters the New Era, the construction of ideological and political theory courses has entered a new stage of "seeking progress while maintaining stability, strengthening and upgrading, and achieving overall breakthroughs." Under Xi Jinping's personal planning, personal deployment, and personal promotion, the development environment and overall ecology of ideological and political theory courses have undergone comprehensive and fundamental changes.

第一，党中央对思想政治工作高度重视，为思政课建设提供了根本保证。“办好中国的事情，关键在党。”[3](P43)回顾中国共产党创办并发展学校教育的历程，高度重视思想政治工作的鲜明特征贯穿始终。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，思政课建设进入“稳中求进、强化提升、整体突破”的新阶段，在习近平亲自谋划、亲自部署、亲自推动下，思政课发展环境和整体生态发生全局性、根本性转变。

First, the Party's leadership over the construction of ideological and political theory courses has been comprehensively strengthened, and the socialist orientation of school running at all levels and types of schools has become more distinct. The Party Central Committee has made a series of major decisions and deployments, issuing important policy documents such as the "Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities under the New Situation," the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of School Ideological and Political Theory Courses in the New Era," and the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Marxist Colleges in the New Era." As the construction of ideological and political theory courses has been incorporated into the responsibilities of Party committees at all levels, the policy system has been continuously improved. Local Party committees at all levels have effectively shouldered their main responsibilities. Principal leaders of provincial-level Party and government organs have held meetings, listened to, taught, and conducted research on ideological and political theory courses. School secretaries and presidents have earnestly fulfilled their responsibilities as the first responsible persons, taking the lead in grasping the construction of ideological and political theory courses and effectively solving prominent problems. The degree of attention paid to ideological and political theory courses is unprecedented, and the intensity of construction is unprecedented.

一是党对思政课建设的领导全面加强，各级各类学校社会主义办学方向更加鲜明。党中央作出一系列重大决策部署，印发《关于加强和改进新形势下高校思想政治工作的意见》《关于深化新时代学校思想政治理论课改革创新的若干意见》《关于加强新时代马克思主义学院建设的意见》等重要政策文件。随着思政课建设纳入各级党委领导班子职责，政策体系不断完善，地方各级党委有力扛起主体责任，各省级党政主要负责同志召开会议，听、讲、调研思政课，学校书记、校长认真履行第一责任人职责，带头抓好思政课建设，有力解决突出问题。思政课受到的重视程度前所未有，建设力度之大前所未有。

Second, the construction of ideological and political theory courses has been promoted simultaneously with the arming of the Party's innovative theories, and the integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into textbooks, classrooms, and minds has continuously achieved practical results. In 2022, colleges and universities nationwide fully offered the course "Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era." In 2023, the unified textbook "Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" was published, providing an authoritative reference for ideological and political theory course teaching in colleges and universities and becoming a landmark achievement in promoting the construction of the textbook system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. The Department of Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education organized the development of supporting courseware, compiled demonstration lectures and teaching case collections, and launched popular reading materials such as "Face-to-Face with Hot Issues in College Students' Thinking." Primary and secondary schools nationwide have fully adopted the "

二是思政课建设与党的创新理论武装同步推进，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进教材、进课堂、进头脑不断取得实效。2022年全国高校全面开设“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论”课，2023年《习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论》统编教材出版，为高校思政课教学提供权威用书，成为推进中国特色哲学社会科学教材体系建设的标志性成果。教育部社科司组织研制配套课件，编写示范讲义、教学案例集，推出《大学生思想热点面对面》等通俗读物。全国中小学全面使用《习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想学生读本》。广大青少年学生“四个自信”明显增强、精神面貌奋发昂扬。

Third, the supporting guarantees for the construction of ideological and political theory courses have been continuously consolidated, and the confidence and confidence of teachers of these courses in enjoying teaching, being good at teaching, and devoting themselves to educating people have grown stronger. The Ministry of Education, in coordination with relevant departments, has exerted efforts from multiple directions to promote the normalization and full coverage of training for ideological and political theory course teachers and counselors. Since the 20th National Congress of the CPC, more Party congress delegates, academicians, master craftsmen, and others have entered campuses to teach ideological and political theory courses, receiving a warm welcome. The Ministry of Education has established an award fund for outstanding ideological and political theory course teachers and students of Marxist theory disciplines in institutions of higher learning, and has carried out teaching demonstration activities. A large number of outstanding ideological and political theory course teacher models who are "strong in politics, deep in sentiment, innovative in thinking, broad in vision, strict in self-discipline, and upright in character" have emerged and been commended. The education front has deeply studied and profoundly comprehended Xi Jinping's series of important expositions on ideological and political theory courses. Education departments at all levels and schools have earnestly implemented the spirit of Xi Jinping's important speeches, focusing on playing the key role of ideological and political theory courses. They have deepened reform and innovation in mechanism construction, teacher allocation, curriculum design, resource integration, and other aspects, exploring effective paths to enhance the appeal of ideological and political theory courses. The targeted nature and appeal of ideological and political theory courses have been continuously strengthened.

三是思政课建设的支撑保障不断巩固，思政课教师乐教善教、潜心育人的信心底气更足。教育部会同有关部门多方发力，推动思政课教师、辅导员培训实现常态化、全覆盖。党的二十大以来，更多党代表、院士、大国工匠等走进校园讲思政课，受到热烈欢迎。教育部设立高等学校优秀思政课教师和马克思主义理论学科学生奖励基金，开展教学展示活动，一大批“政治强、情怀深、思维新、视野广、自律严、人格正”的优秀思政课教师典型涌现出来，受到表彰。教育战线深入学习和深刻领悟习近平关于思政课的系列重要论述，各地教育部门和学校认真贯彻落实习近平重要讲话精神，聚焦发挥思政课关键课程作用，在机制建设、师资配置、课程设计、资源整合等方面深化改革创新，探寻提高思政课吸引力的有效路径，思政课针对性和吸引力不断增强。

Second, the remarkable achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics provide strong support for the construction of ideological and political theory courses. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Communist Party of China, proceeding from new practices and the characteristics of the times, adhered to and developed Marxism, united and led the Chinese people in emancipating the mind, forging ahead with determination, unswervingly advancing reform and opening up, overcoming risks and challenges from various quarters, creating, upholding, defending, and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and achieving great accomplishments in reform and opening up and socialist modernization. It realized the historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy, from a closed and semi-closed state to all-round opening up, achieved the historic breakthrough from relatively backward productive forces to becoming the world’s second-largest economy, and accomplished the historic leap from inadequate food and clothing to a moderately prosperous society in general and then toward a moderately prosperous society in all respects. These provided institutional guarantees full of new vitality and material conditions for rapid development for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.[4]4 A classical Chinese saying from the *Disciple Rules* (*Dizigui*), a Confucian text on proper conduct.(P5) Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has coordinated the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century, with great historical initiative, immense political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility. It has balanced domestic and international imperatives, overseen the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, and through a series of original ideas and transformative practices, propelled the Party and the country’s undertakings to historic achievements and historic transformations. It has resolved many long-standing problems that were difficult to tackle and accomplished many major tasks that were previously desired but unattainable, demonstrating the strong vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and providing more complete institutional guarantees, a more solid material foundation, and a more proactive spiritual force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.[5]5 “Fostering virtue and nurturing people” (*lide shuren*) is a fundamental task of education in China, emphasizing moral cultivation as the core of talent development.(P61)

第二，中国特色社会主义取得的举世瞩目的成就，为思政课建设提供了有力支撑。在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，中国共产党从新的实践和时代特征出发坚持和发展马克思主义，团结带领中国人民解放思想、锐意进取，坚定不移推进改革开放，战胜来自各方面的风险挑战，开创、坚持、捍卫、发展中国特色社会主义，创造了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的伟大成就，实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的历史性转变，实现了从生产力相对落后的状况到经济总量跃居世界第二的历史性突破，实现了人民生活从温饱不足到总体小康、奔向全面小康的历史性跨越，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了充满新的活力的体制保证和快速发展的物质条件。[4](P5)党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹把握中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，以伟大的历史主动精神、巨大的政治勇气、强烈的责任担当，统筹国内国际两个大局，统揽伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想，以一系列原创性思想和变革性实践，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题，办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事，彰显了中国特色社会主义的强大生机活力，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量。[5](P61)

The Communist Party of China unswervingly adheres to the basic principles of scientific socialism, “boldly advancing theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation, and innovation in all aspects, continuously endowing socialism with Chinese characteristics with distinct practical, theoretical, national, and contemporary features, forming the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and demonstrating the vibrant vitality of scientific socialism with irrefutable facts.”[6](P11) The remarkable achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics provide vivid practical examples for ideological and political theory courses to explain “why the Communist Party of China can succeed,” “why Marxism works,” “why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good,” and also add confidence to confidently offering these courses well. Teachers of ideological and political theory courses should fully leverage the educational and motivational role of the great achievements of the New Era, enrich the teaching content of these courses, tell the stories of the New Era well, and continuously guide students to appreciate the practical power of the Party’s innovative theories.

中国共产党坚持科学社会主义基本原则不动摇，“勇敢推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及各方面创新，不断赋予中国特色社会主义以鲜明的实践特色、理论特色、民族特色、时代特色，形成了中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化，以不可辩驳的事实彰显了科学社会主义的鲜活生命力”。[6](P11)中国特色社会主义取得的显著成就，为思政课讲授“中国共产党为什么能”“马克思主义为什么行”“中国特色社会主义为什么好”提供了鲜活的实践例证，也为理直气壮开好思政课增添了信心。广大思政课教师要充分发挥新时代伟大成就的教育激励作用，丰富思政课教学内容，讲好新时代故事，不断引导学生感悟党的创新理论的实践伟力。

Third, fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture provide profound strength for the construction of ideological and political theory courses. Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, “Cultural confidence is a more basic, deeper, and more enduring force in the development of a country and a nation,”[7](P103) clarifying the foundational supporting role of cultural confidence in the construction of the Party and the country’s undertakings and in the great cause of national rejuvenation. Fine traditional Chinese culture is extensive, profound, and long-standing, cultivating and forming the unique ideological concepts, value concepts, and moral norms of the Chinese nation through long-term practice. These rich and substantial cultural resources provide a premise for teachers of ideological and political theory courses to quote classics and discuss ancient and modern matters, serving as an important foundation for convincing people with reason and educating people with culture. The revolutionary culture created and formed by the Communist Party of China leading the Chinese people in the great struggle is the core expression of China’s revolutionary history and revolutionary spirit. It helps guide students to strengthen their convictions from revolutionary ideals, draw strength from revolutionary history, and temper their character from revolutionary spirit. Advanced socialist culture is rooted in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the core socialist values contained within it are the concentrated embodiment of the contemporary Chinese spirit, holding significant importance for improving students’ ideological awareness, moral standards, and cultural literacy. Ideological and political theory courses embody the important attribute of value guidance. Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics is an excellent and unique moral education resource for the Chinese nation, greatly beneficial for exerting the value guidance role of these courses, and will inevitably demonstrate its full strength in advancing the construction of ideological and political theory courses.

第三，中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化，为思政课建设提供了深厚力量。习近平深刻指出，“文化自信是一个国家、一个民族发展中最基本、最深沉、最持久的力量”，[7](P103)明晰了文化自信在党和国家建设事业中、在民族复兴伟业中的基础性的支撑作用。中华优秀传统文化博大精深、源远流长，在长期实践中培育和形成了中华民族独特的思想观念、价值理念和道德规范。这些丰富且厚重的文化资源为思政课教师引经据典、博古论今提供了前提，成为以理服人、以文化人的重要依托。中国共产党领导中国人民在伟大斗争中创造形成的革命文化，是中国革命历史和革命精神的核心表达，有助于引导学生从革命理想中坚定信念，从革命历史中汲取力量，从革命精神中锤炼品格。社会主义先进文化植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践，蕴含其中的社会主义核心价值观是当代中国精神的集中体现，对提高学生思想觉悟、道德水准、文明素养具有重要意义。思政课体现着价值引领的重要属性，中国特色社会主义文化是中华民族优秀且独特的德育资源，对发挥思政课的价值引领作用大有裨益，必将在推进思政课建设中展现更充分的力量。

Fourth, a series of regular understandings and successful experiences formed over a long period in the construction of ideological and political theory courses provide an important foundation for advancing the construction of these courses in the New Era. In the practice of leading the construction of ideological and political theory courses, the Communist Party of China has formed a series of regular understandings and successful experiences, mainly including: consistently adhering to the Party’s comprehensive leadership over the construction of ideological and political theory courses; consistently using the latest achievements of the Party’s theoretical innovation to enrich the content of these courses; consistently regarding fostering virtue and nurturing people as the fundamental task of constructing these courses; consistently regarding respect for laws as an important guideline for constructing these courses; consistently regarding textbook construction as an important foundation for constructing these courses; consistently advancing the construction of ideological and political theory courses in alignment with disciplinary construction; consistently promoting the synchronous advancement of the classroom teaching system and the practical teaching system of these courses; consistently taking the construction of the teacher team as an important lever for constructing these courses; and consistently combining top-level design with independent exploration in constructing these courses.

第四，思政课建设长期以来形成的一系列规律性认识和成功经验，为新时代推进思政课建设提供了重要基础。中国共产党在领导思政课建设的实践中，形成了一系列规律性认识和成功经验，主要包括：始终坚持党对思政课建设的全面领导；始终坚持用党的理论创新最新成果丰富思政课建设内容；始终坚持将立德树人作为思政课建设根本任务；始终坚持将尊重规律作为思政课建设重要遵循；始终坚持将教材建设作为思政课建设重要基础；始终坚持思政课建设与学科建设同向同行；始终坚持思政课课堂教学体系与实践教学体系同步推进；始终坚持把教师队伍建设作为思政课建设重要抓手；始终坚持思政课顶层设计与自主探索相结合。

In the construction of ideological and political theory courses, it is necessary to fully utilize the above regular understandings and experiences, while also continuously refining and summarizing new experiences. Since the 20th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Group of the Ministry of Education has made comprehensive arrangements for integrating the spirit of the 20th National Congress into the teaching of ideological and political theory courses, requiring solid advancement of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 20th National Congress into textbooks, into classrooms, and into students’ minds. It has deeply implemented the “Project to Forge New People of the Era,” continuously promoted the construction of “grand ideological and political theory courses,” improved the ideological and political work system, advanced the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and continuously improved the mechanism for school-family-society collaborative education. Schools at all levels and of all types, benchmarking against documents such as the “Standards for the Construction of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Higher Education Institutions,” have taken strengthening organizational leadership as a guarantee, enhancing the practical effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses as a goal, equipping and strengthening the teacher team for these courses as a lever, and continuously deepening teaching reform as a means. They have effectively promoted significant achievements in the construction of ideological and political theory courses in areas such as updating course content, reforming teaching methods, building the teacher team, enhancing scientific research capabilities, optimizing the educational environment, improving the evaluation system, strengthening practical teaching, and empowering with advanced technology. For typical practices and advanced experiences in the construction of ideological and political theory courses that have exemplary and guiding roles, they should be summarized, promoted, and applied well.

在思政课建设中，既要充分利用上述规律性认识和经验，也要不断凝练和总结新的经验。党的二十大以来，教育部党组对推动党的二十大精神融入思政课教学作出全面部署，要求扎实推进习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神进教材、进课堂、进头脑，深入实施“时代新人铸魂工程”，持续推动“大思政课”建设，完善思想政治工作体系，推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设，不断健全学校家庭社会育人机制。各级各类学校对标《高等学校思想政治理论课建设标准》等文件，以强化组织领导为保障，以增强思政课育人实效为目标，以配齐建强思政课教师队伍为抓手，以不断深化教学改革为手段，在课程内容更新、教学方法改革、教师队伍建设、科研能力提升、育人环境优化、评价体系完善、实践教学强化、先进技术赋能等方面切实推动思政课建设取得显著成效。对于其中具有示范引领作用的思政课建设典型做法和先进经验，要总结好、推广好、运用好。

II. Adhere to a Problem-Oriented Approach, Persistently Promote Reform and Innovation in Ideological and Political Theory Courses

二、坚持问题导向，持之以恒推动思政课改革创新

Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is an important content of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and a distinctive style and prominent feature of the governance of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. Marx pointed out: “Problems are the public, fearless, and all-dominating voice of the times. Problems are the slogans of the times, the most practical call expressing its state of mind.”[8](P289) Adhering to a problem-oriented approach in the construction of ideological and political theory courses requires us to enhance our problem awareness, focus on new problems encountered in educational and teaching practice, deep-seated problems in the construction of these courses, and key, difficult, and hot issues of concern to young students, and continuously propose new ideas, new methods, and new measures to truly solve problems. Paying attention to reality and focusing on problems is an eternal theme in the education and teaching of ideological and political theory courses. Any ideological and political theory course that deviates from reality and avoids problems will be empty, dull, and feeble. Students’ doubts are the key points that ideological and political theory courses must clarify. Faced with students’ confusions and problems, we should respond to students with thorough theoretical analysis, convince students with complete ideological theory, and inspire students with the powerful force of truth.

坚持问题导向是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想世界观和方法论的重要内容，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央治国理政的鲜明风格和突出特点。马克思指出：“问题就是公开的、无畏的、左右一切个人的时代声音。问题就是时代的口号，是它表现自己精神状态的最实际的呼声。”[8](P289)在思政课建设中坚持问题导向，要求我们要增强问题意识，聚焦教育教学实践遇到的新问题、思政课建设遇到的深层次问题、广大青年学生关注的重点难点热点问题，不断提出真正解决问题的新理念新思路新办法。关注现实、聚焦问题，是思政课教育教学的永恒主题。任何脱离现实、回避问题的思政课都会空洞乏味、苍白无力。学生的疑惑就是思政课要讲清楚的重点。面对学生的困惑和问题，要以透彻的学理分析回应学生，以彻底的思想理论说服学生，用真理的强大力量感召学生。

Adhering to a problem-oriented approach and promoting the reform and innovation of ideological and political theory courses, the key lies in clearly explaining the rationale of these courses. Elucidating this rationale is a test of the competence of ideological and political theory course teachers. A good ideological and political theory course can always introduce and present social issues that students care about in a truthful, objective, and comprehensive manner, and it can also promptly, rationally, and accurately analyze and respond to difficult questions that perplex students. A good ideological and political theory course teacher should first be someone adept at analyzing and answering problems that urgently need to be resolved in real life and in students’ thinking. When Xi Jinping inspected Renmin University of China on April 25, 2022, he pointed out: “The essence of ideological and political theory courses is to explain principles. Attention must be paid to methods and approaches, to explain principles deeply, thoroughly, and vividly. Teachers must teach with dedication, and students must comprehend with dedication, so as to achieve communication of hearts, enlightenment of wisdom, nourishment of the soul, and stimulation of fighting spirit.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, speech at Renmin University of China, April 25, 2022. The basic principles, basic methods, and value orientation of Marxism are themselves thorough. The reason some current ideological and political theory course classrooms lack pertinence and appeal is that educators have not explained the theory thoroughly or vividly. Some have an unsystematic and shallow grasp of the Party’s innovative theories and teach by rote; some emphasize form over content, pursuing only a lively atmosphere without seeking to penetrate the mind and heart; some teach theory behind closed doors, failing to explain major principles thoroughly, minor principles clearly, or refute erroneous principles. “If you coerce people with force, their hearts will not submit; if you convince people with reason, they will have nothing to say.” [4]4 A classical Chinese saying from the *Disciple Rules* (*Dizigui*), a Confucian text on proper conduct. To explain principles deeply, thoroughly, and vividly in ideological and political theory courses is to enhance their academic rationality, actively respond to concerns in real life, and flexibly apply teaching methods and approaches.

坚持问题导向，推动思政课改革创新，关键是要讲清楚思政课的道理。阐明道理是对思政课教师功力的检验。一堂好的思政课，总是能够真实、客观、全面地引入和呈现学生关注的社会问题，也总是能够及时、理性、准确地分析和回应学生疑惑的难点问题。一个好的思政课教师，首先应当是一个善于分析、善于回答现实生活中和学生思想上迫切需要解决的问题的人。习近平2022年4月25日在中国人民大学考察时指出：“思政课的本质是讲道理，要注重方式方法，把道理讲深、讲透、讲活，老师要用心教，学生要用心悟，达到沟通心灵、启智润心、激扬斗志。”[9]马克思主义的基本原理、基本方法、价值取向本身是彻底的，而当下部分思政课堂缺乏针对性和吸引力的原因，在于教育者没有把理论讲透彻、讲鲜活。有的对党的创新理论掌握得不系统不深入，讲起来照本宣科；有的重形式轻内容，只追求热热闹闹，不追求入脑入心；有的关起门来讲理论，大道理讲不透，小道理讲不清，歪道理驳不倒。“势服人，心不然；理服人，方无言。”思政课把道理讲深、讲透、讲活，就是要提升思政课的学理性，积极回应现实生活关切，灵活应用教学方式方法。

First, to explain principles deeply, ideological and political theory courses should focus on strengthening academic rationality. The development and innovation of theory are important driving forces for the construction and development of China’s ideological and political theory courses. Marx profoundly pointed out: “Of course, the weapon of criticism cannot replace the criticism of weapons; material force must be overthrown by material force; but theory, once it grasps the masses, will also become material force.” [10]10 Karl Marx, “Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Introduction,” in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, vol. 3. (P9) Fostering virtue and nurturing people [5]5 “Fostering virtue and nurturing people” (*lide shuren*) is a fundamental task of education in China, emphasizing moral cultivation as the core of talent development. cannot do without the guidance of values, and the transmission of values calls for thorough theory; fostering virtue and nurturing people also cannot do without the shaping of character, and the cultivation of virtue requires theoretical guidance. If the theoretical nature of ideological and political theory courses is dissolved, then their scientificity and truthfulness cannot be manifested. Therefore, the reform and innovation of ideological and political theory courses in the New Era should increase the supply of resources for the ideological and theoretical content of teaching, so as to highlight the theoretical charm of these courses. It is necessary to strengthen theoretical research, attach importance to theoretical innovation, pay close attention to and deeply study the major theoretical and practical issues facing China’s development, and explain these as key points, difficulties, and hot topics in ideological and political theory course teaching, providing multi-angle academic support for enhancing the ideological and theoretical nature of these courses. To strengthen the theoretical nature of ideological and political theory courses, special attention should be paid to promoting the arming of the mind with the Party’s innovative theories, and unequivocally using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge souls and educate people. It is necessary to trace the origins, deeply study and firmly believe, and carefully contemplate and comprehend, guiding students to grasp the major logic and major trends of social development revealed by the Party’s innovative theories, and profoundly elucidate the principles, academic theories, and philosophies contained in the great thought.

一是把道理讲深，思政课要注重加强学理性。理论的发展与创新是我国思政课建设发展的重要动力。马克思深刻指出：“批判的武器当然不能代替武器的批判，物质力量只能用物质力量来摧毁；但是理论一经掌握群众，也会变成物质力量。”[10](P9)立德树人离不开价值的引领，而价值的传递呼唤透彻的理论；立德树人也离不开品性的塑造，而德行的培育需要理论的指导。倘若思政课的理论性被消解，那么它的科学性和真理性就无从彰显。因此，新时代思政课改革创新应加大教学内容思想性、理论性的资源供给，以彰显思政课的理论魅力。要加强理论研究、重视理论创新，密切关注和深入研究我国发展面临的重大理论和现实问题，并将其作为思政课教学中的重点、难点、热点深入讲解，为增强思政课的思想性、理论性提供多角度学理支持。加强思政课的理论性，要特别重视推动用党的创新理论武装头脑，旗帜鲜明用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人。要追根溯源、深学笃信、精思细悟，引导学生把握党的创新理论所揭示的社会发展大逻辑大趋势，深刻阐明伟大思想蕴含的道理、学理、哲理。

Second, to explain principles thoroughly, ideological and political theory courses should focus on responding to various practical issues. Xi Jinping pointed out: “In ideological and political theory courses, students will raise some sharp and sensitive questions, which often involve deep-level theoretical and practical issues. It is not easy to explain these questions clearly and thoroughly.” [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings. (P11) Currently, our Party is overseeing the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century, and is uniting and leading the people in a great struggle with many new historical features. In this process, some erroneous social trends of thought can interfere with and influence students’ firming up of their ideals and convictions and forming correct political stances. Regarding the erroneous trends of thought that trouble students, teachers of ideological and political theory courses should use profound theory to reveal their essence and harm layer by layer, guiding students to unequivocally criticize and resist erroneous trends of thought and defend the main position of Marxist ideology. Only by convincing students with thorough ideological theory and guiding them with the powerful force of truth can we “achieve the unity of knowledge, emotion, intention, and action, making people convinced both orally and in their hearts.” [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings. (P23) It is necessary to strengthen the collective lesson preparation system for ideological and political theory course teachers and organized teaching research, carry out systematic and theoretical research around the Party’s innovative theories, as well as research by field and by topic, and organically integrate the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into the entire teaching process.

二是把道理讲透，思政课要注重回应各种现实问题。习近平指出：“思政课上学生会提一些尖锐敏感的问题，往往涉及深层次理论和实践问题，把这些问题讲清楚讲透彻并不容易。”[2](P11)当前，我们党统揽中华民族伟大复兴的战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，正团结带领人民进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，在这一过程中，一些错误社会思潮会对学生坚定理想信念、形成正确的政治立场产生干扰和影响。对于困扰学生的错误思潮，思政课教师要用深刻的理论，在抽丝剥茧、层层深入中揭示其实质和危害，引导学生旗帜鲜明批判和抵制错误思潮，捍卫马克思主义意识形态主阵地。只有以彻底的思想理论说服学生，用真理的强大力量引导学生，才能“实现知、情、意、行的统一，叫人口服心服”。[2](P23)要强化思政课教师集体备课制度和有组织教学研究，围绕党的创新理论开展体系化学理化研究和分领域分专题研究，将习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观方法论有机融入教学全过程。

Third, to explain principles vividly, ideological and political theory courses should focus on teaching methods and approaches. Marxism that has been adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is an open theory that always stands at the forefront of the times and continuously develops. “The history of the development of Marxism is a history of Marx, Engels, and their successors continuously developing based on the development of the times, practice, and knowledge, and a history of continuously absorbing all excellent ideological and cultural achievements of human history to enrich themselves. Therefore, Marxism can forever maintain its wonderful youth, continuously explore new issues raised by the development of the times, and respond to new challenges facing human society.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, speech at the conference commemorating the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth, May 4, 2018. (P9-10) The vividness of theory itself determines that teachers of ideological and political theory courses must not only delve deeply into academic rationalization but also exert effort in popularization, thoroughly explaining thorough theory and vividly explaining vivid thought. It is necessary to innovate discourse expression methods, realize the transformation from textbook language to teaching language, enhance the art of language expression, and use language that is easy to understand, close to life, connected to reality, substantive, more down-to-earth, and more interesting for teaching, so that students truly like to listen, can understand, and are willing to accept, thereby achieving the effect of explaining profound things in a simple way and achieving mastery through comprehensive understanding. It is necessary to innovate forms, actively exploring new forms such as case-based teaching, inquiry-based teaching, experiential teaching, interactive teaching, thematic teaching, and differentiated teaching. At the same time, modern technological means should be used to build smart classrooms, expand learning time and space, extend the learning chain, and make the classroom closer to the times and closer to students.

三是把道理讲活，思政课要注重教学方式方法。中国化时代化的马克思主义，是始终站在时代前沿、不断发展的开放的理论。“一部马克思主义发展史就是马克思、恩格斯以及他们的后继者们不断根据时代、实践、认识发展而发展的历史，是不断吸收人类历史上一切优秀思想文化成果丰富自己的历史。因此，马克思主义能够永葆其美妙之青春，不断探索时代发展提出的新课题、回应人类社会面临的新挑战。”[11](P9-10)理论本身的鲜活，决定了思政课教师必须在学理化上深耕的同时，还要在大众化上着力，把彻底的理论讲彻底，把鲜活的思想讲鲜活。要创新话语表达方式，实现教材语言向教学语言的转换，提升语言表达艺术， 用通俗易懂、贴近生活、联系实际、言之有物、更接地气、更有趣味的语言进行教学，让学生真正喜欢听、听得懂、听得进，从而达到深入浅出、融会贯通的效果。要创新形式，积极探索案例式教学、探究式教学、体验式教学、互动式教学、专题式教学、分众式教学等新形式。同时还要运用现代科技手段建设智慧课堂，拓展学习时空、延伸学习链条，使课堂更加贴近时代、贴近学生。

III. Adhere to the Systems Concept, Comprehensively Advance the Construction of “Grand Ideological and Political Theory Courses”

三、坚持系统观念，全面推进“大思政课”建设

Adhering to the systems concept is an important component of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and it is also a foundational thought and working method running through the construction of ideological and political theory courses in the New Era. The education and teaching of ideological and political theory courses involve multiple subjects such as the state, schools, society, teachers, and students; cover multi-dimensional content including theory and practice, history and reality, China and the world; and run through different educational stages such as universities, middle schools, and primary schools. This determines that the construction of ideological and political theory courses must properly handle the relationships between the overall situation and the parts, the present and the long term, the macro and the micro, the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and the general and the specific, carrying out forward-looking thinking, overall planning, and holistic advancement.

坚持系统观念是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想世界观和方法论的重要内容，也是贯穿于新时代思政课建设中具有基础性的思想和工作方法。思政课教育教学涉及国家、学校、社会、教师、学生等多方主体，涵盖理论与实践、历史与现实、中国与世界等多维内容，贯穿大学、中学、小学等不同学段，这决定了思政课建设必须把握好全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、主要矛盾和次要矛盾、一般和特殊的关系，进行前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、整体性推进。

Xi Jinping pointed out: “Ideological and political theory courses should not only be taught in the classroom but also in social life.” [12]12 Xi Jinping, speech during an inspection tour, 2021. “We must attach great importance to the practicality of ideological and political theory courses, combine the small classroom of ideological and political education with the big classroom of society, and in the integration of theory and practice, educate and guide students to translate their life aspirations into down-to-earth practical actions, combine the specific goals of learning and struggle with the great goal of national rejuvenation, set lofty aspirations, and be strivers.” [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings. (P20-21) These important statements indicate that to promote the reform and innovation of ideological and political theory courses, we must make good use of “grand ideological and political theory courses” to expand the breadth and depth of classroom teaching of ideological and political theory courses, extend the space of these courses, and enhance their effectiveness in fostering virtue and nurturing people.

习近平指出：“思政课不仅应该在课堂上讲，也应该在社会生活中来讲。”[12]“要高度重视思政课的实践性，把思政小课堂和社会大课堂结合起来，在理论和实践的结合中，教育引导学生把人生抱负落实到脚踏实地的实际行动中来，把学习奋斗的具体目标同民族复兴的伟大目标结合起来，立鸿鹄志，做奋斗者。”[2](P20-21) 这些重要论断指明推进思政课改革创新，一定要用好“大思政课”扩展思政课课堂教学的广度深度，延伸思政课的空间，增进思政课立德树人实效。

Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the construction of “grand ideological and political courses,” the Ministry of Education established a steering committee for the integrated construction of ideological and political courses across primary, secondary, and tertiary education, and initiated the construction of a community for the integration of ideological and political courses across these levels, jointly promoting the effective interconnection of course objectives, teaching content, and methods. In July 2022, the Ministry of Education and nine other departments issued the “Work Plan for Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of ‘Grand Ideological and Political Courses.’” The construction project for “grand ideological and political courses” was deeply implemented, with an online digital map for practical teaching launched and practical teaching bases established at various levels. Primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions deeply explored the ideological and political resources embedded in various courses, regularly organized training on ideological and political teaching capabilities within courses, rolled out a batch of demonstration courses, renowned teachers and teams, and digital resources, and deeply carried out thematic education on studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, achieving comprehensive coverage of enrolled students. The effect of ideological and political courses “entering the mind and heart” was significantly enhanced.

在习近平关于“大思政课”建设重要论述的指引下，教育部成立了大中小学思政课一体化建设指导委员会，开展大中小学思政课一体化共同体建设，一体推动课程目标、教学内容方式方法有效贯通。2022年7月,教育部等十部门印发《全面推进“大思政课”建设的工作方案》。深入实施“大思政课”建设工程，上线实践教学数字地图，设立各级实践教学基地。大中小学深入挖掘各类课程蕴含的思政资源，定期组织课程思政教学能力培训，推出一批示范课程、名师和团队、数字化资源，深入开展学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想主题教育，深度覆盖在校学生，思政课“入脑入心”效果显著增强。

From ideological and political courses to “grand ideological and political courses,” on the surface there is only a one-character difference, but in essence it represents a renewal of concepts, a broadening of perspectives, and an expansion of the framework for running ideological and political courses well. On the new journey of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation, deepening the construction of “grand ideological and political courses” most urgently requires establishing the ideological consciousness and action consciousness for comprehensively promoting the construction of “grand ideological and political courses” with “broad vision, great sentiment, and large framework.” Currently and in the coming period, the focus of reform and innovation in ideological and political courses is to strive to form a set of working mechanisms, incubate a batch of brand activities, create a batch of demonstration “gold courses,” produce a batch of high-quality course resources, generate a batch of high-level teaching research achievements, provide a batch of high-quality think tank policy advisory reports, and cultivate an excellent teaching staff, thereby providing a working platform, practical experience, theoretical support, and decision-making consultation for deeply advancing the construction of “grand ideological and political courses.”

从思政课到“大思政课”，表面上只有一字之差，实质上是办好思政课的理念再更新、视野再开阔和格局再拓展。在强国建设、民族复兴新征程上，深化“大思政课”建设，最为迫切的就是以“大视野、大情怀、大格局”树立全面推进“大思政课”建设的思想自觉和行动自觉。当前和今后一个时期，思政课改革创新的重点，就是要努力形成一套工作机制、孵化一批品牌活动、打造一批示范“金课”、产出一批优质课程资源、形成一批高水平教学研究成果、提供一批高质量智库咨政报告、培养一支优秀师资队伍，为深入推进“大思政课”建设提供工作平台、实践经验、理论支撑和决策咨询。

First, promoting the comprehensive reform of “grand ideological and political courses” with a systematic approach has the fundamental goal of better enhancing the effectiveness of fostering virtue and nurturing talent. The essence of constructing “grand ideological and political courses” is to achieve a systematic reshaping, integration of forces, and change in the framework of ideological and political course construction through continuous innovation in teaching systems, methods, concepts, textbooks, and faculty. By strengthening practical teaching, “second classrooms,” [13]13 “Second classroom” refers to extracurricular and off-campus educational activities that complement formal classroom teaching, such as social practice, volunteer work, and cultural activities. and social education, it realizes the outward extension and expansion of ideological and political courses from school education, classroom teaching, and textbook systems, thereby better enhancing the appeal and relevance of ideological and political courses. In recent years, in the process of advancing the comprehensive reform of “grand ideological and political courses,” universities across various regions have boldly explored and innovated, forming many vivid and fresh reform and innovation experiences, producing a number of high-quality ideological and political course education and teaching achievements. In practical teaching, they have gradually explored a set of more vivid, three-dimensional, and effective teaching mechanisms and carriers for ideological and political courses, greatly improving the quality of ideological and political course education and teaching.

第一，以系统观念推进 “大思政课”综合改革，根本目标在于更好提升立德树人成效。“大思政课”建设的本质是通过教学制度、方法、理念、教材、师资上的不断创新，推动思政课建设的系统重塑、力量整合、格局变化，通过强化实践教学、“第二课堂”、社会教育，实现思政课从学校教育、课堂教学、教材体系的向外延伸和拓展，更好地提升思政课的吸引力和针对性。近年来，在推进“大思政课”综合改革进程中，各地高校大胆探索、勇于创新，形成了不少生动鲜活的改革创新经验，涌现出一些高质量的思政课教育教学成果，在实践教学中逐渐探索出一套更生动、立体、有效的思政课教学机制与载体，大大提升了思政课教育教学质量。

Second, promoting the comprehensive reform of “grand ideological and political courses” with a systematic approach requires properly handling the relationship between “ideological and political courses” and “curriculum-based ideological and political education.” Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must make good use of the main channel of classroom teaching. Ideological and political theory courses should persist in being strengthened through improvement, enhancing the affinity and relevance of ideological and political education to meet the growth and development needs and expectations of students. Other courses must each guard their own section of the channel and cultivate their own responsibility fields, so that all types of courses move in the same direction as ideological and political theory courses, forming a synergistic effect.” [13]13 “Second classroom” refers to extracurricular and off-campus educational activities that complement formal classroom teaching, such as social practice, volunteer work, and cultural activities.(P277) Solving the problem of mutual coordination between various types of courses and ideological and political courses is an important guarantee for the construction of ideological and political courses. The construction of ideological and political courses must not only firmly grasp the main channel but also fully tap the ideological and political education value of other courses, forming a pattern of educating people across the entire staff, the entire process, and all aspects. It is necessary to deeply explore the ideological and political education resources of professional courses based on disciplinary advantages, attach importance to the educational function of other specialized courses, form a positive interaction between “ideological and political courses” and “curriculum-based ideological and political education” in schools, and construct a pattern of educating people through all courses.

第二，以系统观念推进 “大思政课”综合改革，要处理好“思政课程”与“课程思政”的关系。习近平指出：“要用好课堂教学这个主渠道，思想政治理论课要坚持在改进中加强，提升思想政治教育亲和力和针对性，满足学生成长发展需求和期待，其他各门课都要守好一段渠、种好责任田，使各类课程与思想政治理论课同向同行，形成协同效应。”[13](P277)解决好各类课程和思政课相互配合的问题，是思政课建设的重要保障。思政课建设既要紧紧把牢主渠道，又要充分挖掘其他课程的思想政治教育价值，形成全员、全过程、全方位育人格局。要立足学科优势深入挖掘专业课程思想政治教育资源，重视发挥其他专业课的育人功能，形成学校“思政课程”与“课程思政”的良性互动，构建全课程育人格局。

Third, promoting the comprehensive reform of “grand ideological and political courses” with a systematic approach has its effective driving force in stimulating the enthusiasm of both teachers and students. Any education is a two-way interactive process of teaching and learning, requiring the full exertion of the initiative and enthusiasm of both sides. In this regard, Xi Jinping pointed out: “Ideological and political course teaching cannot do without the guidance of teachers, but at the same time, it must adhere to a student-centered approach, strengthen research on students’ cognitive laws and acceptance characteristics, and give play to students’ subjective role.” [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings.(P21) It is necessary to adhere to the coordination of the main channel and the main front, the integration of ideological and political courses and curriculum-based ideological and political education, stepping out of the campus, entering society, engaging with practice, and going to the grassroots. These all urgently require the initiative and enthusiasm of both teachers and students, enhancing internal motivation. Schools should provide more guarantees for teachers to carry out practical teaching, implement practical credits, and introduce a series of incentive measures to encourage teachers to observe reality, take a problem-oriented approach, respond to practical demands with a serious and responsible attitude, solve practical difficulties with thorough and profound theory, and meet student expectations with sincere and practical actions. It is necessary to promote the reform of student learning evaluation, encourage students to voluntarily participate in practical teaching courses, gain genuine knowledge through engaging with practice, grassroots, and the masses, and improve their abilities and qualities through studying solid and effective practical courses. Only in this way can the reform, innovation, and healthy development of “grand ideological and political courses” be effectively promoted.

第三，以系统观念推进 “大思政课”综合改革，有效动力在于激发教师与学生两方面的积极性。任何教育都是教与学的双向互动过程，都需要充分发挥教学双方的主动性与积极性。对此，习近平指出：“思政课教学离不开教师的主导，同时要坚持以学生为中心，加大对学生的认知规律和接受特点的研究，发挥学生主体性作用。”[2](P21)要坚持主渠道与主阵地相协同，思政课程和课程思政相融合，走出校园，走入社会，走进实践，走向基层，这些都迫切需要教师和学生两个方面发挥积极性、主动性，增强内在动力。学校要为教师开展实践教学提供更多保证，落实好实践学分，出台一系列激励措施，鼓励教师观照现实，以问题为导向，以认真负责的态度去回应现实诉求，以透彻深刻的理论去破解实际难题，以真诚实际的行动去满足学生期待。要推动学生学习评价改革，推动学生自觉自愿参加实践教学课程，通过走向实践、与基层和群众相结合，获得真正的知识，通过研习扎实有效的实践课程提升能力素质。如此，才能切实推进“大思政课”改革创新和健康发展。

Fourth, promoting the comprehensive reform of “grand ideological and political courses” with a systematic approach has its key factor in the linkage and integration of schools and society. “Grand ideological and political courses” are grand precisely because they are a major social course, a systematic project integrating multiple elements organically. Relying solely on schools or any single reform is insufficient; it also requires the participation of all sectors of society, forming a work pattern of coordinated cooperation, improving the guarantee and promotion mechanisms for teaching “grand ideological and political courses” well, and pooling the educational synergy of the entire society. Universities should promote the organic integration of the “grand ideological and political courses” system with the “three-all education” system, [14]14 “Three-all education” (三全育人) refers to the educational principle of educating people through the entire staff, the entire process, and all aspects (全员全过程全方位育人). implementing the concepts and specific requirements of constructing “grand ideological and political courses” in the comprehensive reform of “three-all education,” further improving the new pattern of “three-all education” by tapping the educational function of the “second classroom.” It is necessary to accelerate the formation of a deeply integrated development pattern of school education and social education. In 2022, the Ministry of Education, together with relevant departments, jointly announced the first batch of practical teaching bases for “grand ideological and political courses.” In 2023, the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Ministry of Education issued a notice, announcing the list of high-quality resource projects for “grand ideological and political courses” themed on revolutionary cultural relics, identifying demonstration projects and high-quality projects. Schools should make full use of these bases and projects, while also expanding more bases, strengthening connections with bases and project teams, exploring the establishment of long-term mechanisms, forming work synergy, and striving to create high-quality platforms for serving the practical teaching of “grand ideological and political courses.”

第四，以系统观念推进 “大思政课”综合改革，关键因素在于学校与社会的联动融合。“大思政课”大就大在是一门社会大课，是多要素有机融合的系统工程，光靠学校，或某一单项改革还不够，还需要社会各方参与，形成协同配合的工作格局，健全讲好“大思政课”的保障促进体制机制，汇聚全社会的育人合力。高校要推动“大思政课”体系与“三全育人”体系有机融合，在“三全育人”综合改革中贯彻“大思政课”建设的理念和具体要求，进一步通过挖掘“第二课堂”的育人功能，努力完善“三全育人”新格局。要加快形成学校教育和社会教育相互融合的深度发展格局。2022年教育部会同有关部门联合公布了首批“大思政课”实践教学基地。2023年，国家文物局、教育部印发通知，公布以革命文物为主题的“大思政课”优质资源项目名单，确定了示范项目和精品项目。学校要充分运用好这些基地、这些项目，同时拓展更多基地，加强与基地和项目组的联系，探索建立长效机制，形成工作合力，着力打造服务“大思政课”实践教学的优质平台。

IV. Adhere to Integrity and Innovation, Inject New Momentum into the High-Quality Development of Ideological and Political Courses in the New Era

四、坚持守正创新，为新时代思政课高质量发展注入新动力

Adhering to integrity and innovation is a significant hallmark of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and it is the key to mastering firm beliefs and grasping historical initiative under the guidance of Marxist theory. Integrity means adhering to the right path, upholding principles, and following the objective laws of the development of things; innovation means persisting in emancipating the mind, breaking away from old concepts, models, and practices that are inconsistent with the development process of objective things, discovering and applying new connections, attributes, and laws of things, and more effectively understanding and transforming the world. Integrity and innovation are a dialectically unified relationship: “Only by upholding integrity can we avoid losing our direction and committing subversive errors; only by innovating can we grasp the times and lead the times.” [1]1 The “Project to Forge New People of the Era” (时代新人铸魂工程) is a Party-led initiative to cultivate young people with ideals, ability, and responsibility for the New Era.(P20)

坚持守正创新是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想世界观和方法论的显著标志，是我们在马克思主义理论指导下掌握坚定信仰信念、把握历史主动的关键所在。守正就是坚守正道、坚持原则，遵循事物发展的客观规律；创新就是坚持解放思想，破除与客观事物发展进程不相符合的旧观念、旧模式、旧做法，发现和运用事物的新联系、新属性、新规律，更有效地认识世界和改造世界。守正与创新是辩证统一的关系，“守正才能不迷失方向、不犯颠覆性错误，创新才能把握时代、引领时代”。[1](P20)

Xi Jinping pointed out during the fifth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee: “Currently, China’s education has shifted from a stage of scale expansion to a stage of high-quality development. We must adhere to taking high-quality development as the lifeline of education at all levels and types, and accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system.” [15]15 The "Two Sessions" refers to the annual plenary meetings of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), held in Beijing each spring. The construction of ideological and political courses must also focus on the central task of high-quality development, keep pace with the times, conform to practical development, treat all new things with full enthusiasm, continuously expand the breadth and depth of understanding, and persist in being strengthened through improvement and enhanced through innovation.

习近平在二十届中央政治局第五次集体学习时指出，“当前，我国教育已由规模扩张阶段转向高质量发展阶段。要坚持把高质量发展作为各级各类教育的生命线，加快建设高质量教育体系”。[14]思政课建设也要聚焦高质量发展这一中心任务，紧跟时代步伐，顺应实践发展，以满腔热忱对待一切新生事物，不断拓展认识的广度和深度，坚持在改进中加强、在创新中提高。

First, we must accurately grasp the learning situation and closely link it with the ideological reality of contemporary college students to advance the reform of teaching content. Accurately grasping the learning situation is the key to enhancing the pertinence of ideological and political courses. During the 2021 Two Sessions [15]15 The "Two Sessions" refers to the annual plenary meetings of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), held in Beijing each spring., Xi Jinping emphasized: "The post-70s, post-80s, post-90s, and post-00s generations—before they went out to see the world, China could already look at the world on an equal footing." [12]12 Xi Jinping, speech during an inspection tour, 2021. The students' confidence in "looking at the world on an equal footing" requires that the reform of ideological and political course teaching content achieve a close integration of theory, history, and reality. The teaching of theoretical content needs to focus on comprehensiveness and thoroughness; it must thoroughly explain the main viewpoints and core essences of the theory, deeply elucidate the unchanging basic principles and fundamental methods that run through it, as well as the theoretical connotations that are constantly enriched with the development of the times, revealing the dialectical relationship between the theory's "consistent lineage" and "keeping pace with the times." The teaching of historical content needs to focus on vividness and clarity; it should zero in on historical entry points, incorporate Party history stories into the teaching content, and by restoring the real historical details of the Party leading the people in revolution, construction, and reform, create a sense of historical presence and event immediacy, fostering emotional integration and faith inspiration, making good use of the Party history as "the most vivid and persuasive textbook"; solidly advance the education of Party history, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the Chinese nation's development, using historical facts to irrefutably prove the rationality, correctness, and effectiveness of the theory. The teaching of practical content needs to focus on horizontal comparison; it must place the content of ideological and political courses within the context of changes unseen in a century and the accelerated evolution of the world economic and political landscape, profoundly reveal the general trends of world development, focus on areas such as economic development, technological progress, and international status, clearly explain the historic path and historic achievements made by the Communist Party of China in leading the Chinese people to realize national rejuvenation, and guide young people to truly establish confidence in the Communist Party of China, confidence in socialism, and confidence in Marxism.

第一，要精准把握学情，紧密联系当代大学生的思想实际推进教学内容改革。精准把握学情是增强思政课针对性的关键。2021年全国两会期间，习近平强调：“70后、80后、90后、00后，他们走出去看世界之前，中国已经可以平视这个世界了。”[12]学生“平视世界”的自信，要求思政课教学内容改革要做到理论、历史与现实三者紧密结合。理论内容的讲授需要注重全面透彻，要讲透彻理论的主要观点和核心要义，深入阐释贯穿其中始终不变的基本原理、根本方法和随着时代发展而不断丰富的理论内涵，揭示理论“一脉相承”和“与时俱进”的辩证关系。历史内容的讲授需要注重生动清晰，要聚焦历史切口，将党史故事引入授课内容之中，通过还原党领导人民革命、建设与改革进程中的真实历史细节，营造历史现场感、事件在场感，形成情感融入、信仰启迪，用好党史这本“最生动最有说服力的教科书”；扎实推进党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史、中华民族发展史教育，以历史事实无可辩驳地证明理论的合理性、正确性、有效性。现实内容的讲授需要注重横向对比，要将思政课的内容置于世界百年未有之大变局之中，置于世界经济政治格局的加速演变中，深刻揭示世界发展大势，聚焦经济发展、科技进步、国际地位等领域，讲清中国共产党在领导中国人民实现民族复兴中开辟的历史性道路、取得的历史性成就，引导青年真正树立对中国共产党的信心、对社会主义的信心、对马克思主义的信心。

Second, we must improve teaching methods and approaches, forming a positive interaction between teachers and students. Diversified teaching methods for ideological and political courses are key measures to enhance the educational effectiveness of these courses. We must promote the transformation from the textbook system to the teaching system, so that the rich and profound teaching content of ideological and political courses truly aligns with the learning and life realities of young students, and is truly internalized in the mind and externalized in action. We should comprehensively apply teaching methods such as differentiated instruction, heuristic teaching, and practical teaching. Differentiated instruction means, based on the reality of significant differences in cognitive models, thinking styles, and value orientations within the youth group, innovating differentiated teaching approaches, flexibly selecting teaching methods in the classroom around what students need, are confused about, and think about, especially focusing on flexibly combining case-based teaching, debate-based teaching, scenario-based teaching, and interactive teaching according to the actual situation of young people. Heuristic teaching means, through steps such as pre-class reading, pre-class questioning, and hot-topic discussions, guiding young people to learn and read independently, think and explore independently, and actively interact and communicate with others, transforming from one-way indoctrination of knowledge to a comprehensive process of inspiring young people to independently build cognitive frameworks, generate political emotions through scenario triggers, and autonomously choose political beliefs and actions through in-depth analysis, making the learned content more lasting in memory and more solid in foundation. Practical teaching means, outside the main classroom channel, guiding young people to combine what they have learned with the practice of Chinese-path modernization, by broadening course practice channels, innovating course practice forms, and relying on various social practice activities to continuously guide young people to achieve "the unity of knowledge and action."

第二，要改进教学方式方法，形成师生之间的良性互动。多样化的思政课教学方法是提升思政课育人实效的关键举措，要推动教材体系向教学体系转化，让思政课丰富深刻的教学内容真正贴近青年学生的学习和生活实际，真正内化于心、外化于行。要综合运用分众化、启发式、实践性教学等教学方法。分众化教学，就是立足青年群体内部在认知模式、思维方式与价值倾向上存在较大差异的现实情况，创新差异化授课方式，在课堂中围绕学生所需、所惑、所想来灵活选择教学方法，尤其注重根据青年实际情况灵活搭配案例式教学、辩论式教学、情境式教学与互动式教学等课堂教学方式使用。启发式教学，就是通过前置阅读、课前设问、热点讨论等环节，引导青年自主学习阅读、自主思考深究、主动与他人互动交往，从单向度灌输知识转变为启发青年自主搭建认知框架、通过场景触动生成政治情感、通过深入分析自主选择政治信仰与行动的综合过程，让所学的内容记忆更加持久、根基更加牢固。实践性教学，就是在课堂主渠道之外，引导青年将所学内容与中国式现代化实践相结合，通过拓宽课程实践渠道，创新课程实践形式，依托各类社会实践活动不断引导青年做到“知行合一”。

Third, we must focus on digital construction, empowering innovation in teaching models with technology. Education, as a social activity, and teaching, as a basic pathway of education, have their models and carriers ultimately determined by the level of development of society's productive forces. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. In today's world, a new round of technological revolution characterized by informatization is accelerating. The rapid iteration of modern information technology, the swift development of the internet, and the fast advancement of artificial intelligence have profoundly impacted education, creating a teaching ecology across multiple links such as the teaching environment, teaching content, learning methods, teaching methods, and teaching evaluation, forming a new teaching form that transcends time and space and is open and shared. The digital transformation of education has become an important strategic theme for educational reform and development. The reform and innovation of ideological and political courses must focus on digital construction, continuously building platforms for information exchange and sharing. Xi Jinping emphasized that "the construction of ideological and political courses must seek vitality from reform and innovation," [2]2 “Grand ideological and political theory courses” (大思政课) refers to an expanded approach integrating classroom teaching with social practice, online resources, and diverse educational settings. (P17) encouraging teachers of ideological and political courses to use modern information technology to create smart classrooms. Currently, the Ministry of Education has done a great deal of work in promoting the digital construction of ideological and political courses and has achieved significant results, mainly reflected in digital technology empowering the aggregation of teaching resources, bringing together immovable material teaching resources to build a "central kitchen"-style cloud database, enabling high-quality teaching resources to be co-constructed, interconnected, and shared. This provides comprehensive, multi-level, and three-dimensional services for ideological and political course teachers nationwide, pooling the maximum joint force for teaching these courses well, and has been welcomed and praised by teachers. Looking to the future, we must explore embedding information technology into all links of ideological and political course preparation, teaching, management, and evaluation, fully leveraging and utilizing the aggregation and integration functions, real-time flexibility, and open interactive orientation of emerging smart teaching platforms such as shared resource libraries, online teaching platforms, and teaching interaction platforms, to continuously create new forms of ideological and political course teaching models.

第三，要注重数字化建设，以技术赋能教学模式创新。教育作为一种社会活动，教学作为教育的一个基本途径，其模式和载体最终由社会生产力发展水平所决定。科学技术是第一生产力，当今世界，以信息化为特征的新一轮科技革命加速演进，现代信息技术的更新迭代、互联网的迅猛发展、人工智能的快速发展，给教育带来了深刻影响，从教学环境、教学内容、学习方式、教学方式和教学评估等多个环节营造了教学生态，形成了跨越时空、开放共享的全新教学形态，教育数字化转型已成为教育改革发展的重要战略主题。思政课改革创新必须注重数字化建设，不断搭建信息交流与共享平台。习近平强调“思政课建设要向改革创新要活力”，[2](P17)鼓励思政课教师运用现代信息技术打造智慧课堂。目前，教育部在推进思政课数字化建设方面做了大量工作，并取得了显著成效，主要体现在数字化技术赋能教学资源聚合，使不可移动的物质化教学资源汇集在一起，建成“中央厨房”式的云端数据库，使得优质教学资源可以实现共建、互联、共享。为全国思政课教师提供全方位、多层次、立体化的服务，汇聚起讲好思政课的最大合力，受到思政课教师的欢迎和好评。面向未来，要探索把信息技术嵌入思政课备课、授课、管理、评价等各个环节，充分发挥、利用好共享资源库、在线授课平台、教学交互平台等新兴智慧教学平台的汇集整合功能、即时灵活特点、开放互动取向，持续打造思政课教学模式的新形态。

Xi Jinping pointed out: "Youth breeds infinite hope, and young people create a bright tomorrow. A nation can only prosper and thrive if it places its hopes on youth and remains forever young." [15]15 The "Two Sessions" refers to the annual plenary meetings of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), held in Beijing each spring. (P1) Young people with lofty ideals and firm convictions are the driving force for the progress of a country and a nation. We must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, strengthen the ideological guidance for the high-quality development of ideological and political course construction, consolidate the ideological support for the high-quality development of ideological and political course construction, spare no effort to run ideological and political courses well, educate and cultivate the next generation well, and live up to the trust of the Party and the state and the expectations of the people.

习近平指出：“青春孕育无限希望，青年创造美好明天。一个民族只有寄望青春、永葆青春，才能兴旺发达。”[15](P1)青年理想远大、信念坚定，是一个国家、一个民族前进的动力。我们要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指引，强化思政课建设高质量发展的思想指导，筑牢思政课建设高质量发展的思想支撑，全力以赴办好思政课，把下一代教育好、培养好，不负党和国家的重托、人民的期待。

(Author's brief introduction: Jin Nuo, Chair of the General Teaching Steering Committee of the Teaching Steering Committee for Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Institutions of Higher Education under the Ministry of Education, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the School of Marxism, Renmin University of China)

（作者简介：靳诺，教育部高等学校思想政治理论课教学指导委员会总教指委主任委员，中国人民大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心