Leading and Promoting High-Quality Development of Ideological and Political Education in the New Era through Integrated Construction

The ideological and political course is a key course for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people, and its role is irreplaceable. In 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over a symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools and proposed "coordinated advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools." On the fifth anniversary of the symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools, General Secretary Xi Jinping issued an important directive on the construction of ideological and political courses in schools, emphasizing "deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools." Deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools concerns the fundamental question of education: "what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them." We must thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization., raise our political stance, enhance our sense of responsibility, follow the laws of education, innovate in work practice, play the "concerto" of ideological and political education, and inject new momentum and shape new advantages for accelerating the construction of a strong educational nation.

思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，作用不可替代。2019年，习近平总书记主持召开学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会，提出“统筹推进大中小学思政课一体化建设”。在学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会召开五周年之际，习近平总书记对学校思政课建设作出重要指示，强调“深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设”。深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设，关系“培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人”这个教育的根本问题。我们要深入学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神，提高政治站位、增强责任担当、遵循教育规律、创新工作实践，奏响思政育人“协奏曲”，为加快建设教育强国注入新动能、塑造新优势。

Deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools is extremely important for grasping the fundamental plan of having successors.

深入推进大中小学思政教育一体化建设对于抓好后继有人根本大计极端重要

The development of the cause of the Party and the people requires cultivating socialist builders and successors who are developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise. Deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools is precisely aimed at cultivating generation after generation of pillars of talent who can be greatly useful and bear heavy responsibilities in socialist modernization.

党和人民事业发展需要培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设，正是着眼于培养一代又一代在社会主义现代化建设中可堪大用、能担重任的栋梁之才。

To profoundly grasp the political attribute of education, it is necessary to deepen integrated construction. Reviewing the Party's history, our Party has made several major adjustments to the goals and guidelines of education, but the emphasis on the "political direction" of education has always been consistent, and the goal of "cultivating socialist builders and successors" has been consistent throughout. Deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools is an inevitable requirement for implementing the Party's educational policy and shouldering the glorious mission of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country. It is necessary to unify goal-orientedness with law-following, base it on the growth characteristics of different student groups in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, do a good job in top-level design, and effectively set specific goals and adopt effective methods according to the laws of ideological and political education and the laws of student growth.

深刻把握教育的政治属性必须深入推进一体化建设。回顾党的历史，我们党对教育的目标和方针进行过数次重大调整，但对教育“政治方向”的强调却始终如一，“培养社会主义建设者和接班人”的目标一以贯之。深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设，是贯彻党的教育方针，肩负起为党育人、为国育才光荣使命的必然要求，要把合目的性与合规律性统一起来，立足大中小学不同学生群体的成长特点，做好顶层设计，切实根据思政教育规律和学生成长规律科学设置具体目标、采取有效方法。

Education supporting and serving Chinese-path modernization must deepen integrated construction. As the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation enters an irreversible historical process, we must be prepared to undergo major tests of high winds and rough waves, even raging storms, and need generation after generation of outstanding talents who listen to the Party and follow the Party to continue the struggle. Universities, middle schools, and primary schools all bear the important responsibility of cultivating high-quality talents for realizing Chinese-path modernization. Deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and cultivating new-era individuals who reassure the Party, love and contribute to the country, and shoulder the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation, must start from childhood and be persistently pursued. All educational stages must attach importance to and strengthen ideological and political education, guiding students to establish great aspirations of serving and strengthening the country from an early age.

教育支撑服务中国式现代化必须深入推进一体化建设。随着中华民族伟大复兴进入不可逆转的历史进程，我们必须准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，需要一代又一代听党话跟党走的优秀人才接续奋斗，大中小学都承担着为实现中国式现代化培养高素质人才的重要职责。深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设，培养让党放心、爱国奉献、担当民族复兴重任的时代新人，必须从娃娃抓起且常抓不懈。各学段都要重视和加强思政教育，引导学生从小树立报国强国大志向。

To implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people, it is necessary to deepen integrated construction. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The effectiveness of fostering virtue and nurturing people should be taken as the fundamental standard for testing all work in schools." School ideological and political work involves many aspects such as ideological and political courses, curriculum-based ideological and political education, and daily ideological and political education, and cannot be a series of "isolated islands." Integrated construction means coordinating efforts and forming a joint force. The division of labor in the educational front varies, but the work goals are highly consistent. The good experiences and practices of the integrated construction of ideological and political courses should be extended to the integrated construction of ideological and political education. While guarding one's own section of the canal and planting one's own responsibility field, one should also take into account "neighbors" and upstream and downstream, fully mobilize all types of subjects, various resources, and all forces, achieve full-staff, whole-process, and all-round integration, and implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people.

落实立德树人根本任务必须深入推进一体化建设。习近平总书记指出：“要把立德树人的成效作为检验学校一切工作的根本标准”。学校思政工作涉及思政课程、课程思政、日常思政教育等许多方面，不能是一座座“孤岛”。一体化建设就是要协同发力、形成合力。教育战线岗位分工各有不同，但工作目标高度一致，要把思政课一体化建设的好经验、好做法推广到思政教育一体化建设中，既守好一段渠、种好责任田，也兼顾“邻里间”、上下游，充分调动各类主体、各种资源、各方力量，实现全员性、全过程、全方位的一体化，落实好立德树人根本任务。

Focusing on targetedness and effectiveness, deepen the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools to overcome difficulties.

聚焦针对性和有效性深入推进大中小学思政教育一体化建设攻坚克难

Deepening integrated construction is a complex systematic project. We must be adept at using Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods, grasp the dialectical relationship among goals, problems, and effects, seek practical results from reform and innovation, and identify key points and focal points in the work.

深入推进一体化建设是一项复杂的系统工程。我们要善于运用马克思主义立场、观点、方法，把握好目标、问题、效果的辩证关系，向改革创新要实效，找准工作关键点和着力点。

Follow the laws of education. The process of educating people and the goal of educating people are an organic and unified whole. From the perspective of psychology and pedagogy, the growth process of adolescents can be divided into several development stages that are interconnected, appear sequentially, and each has its own characteristics. The direction of ideological and political education at each stage should be consistent, while the specific goal requirements at each stage should be gradual and spiraling upward. Therefore, effectively advancing integrated construction must first follow the laws of education, embodying gradual and spiraling progress in goal setting, educational processes, evaluation methods, team building, and training directions. For example, in carrying out patriotic education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, the consistent fundamental direction is to strengthen students' ideological foundation and conscious action of loving the Party, the country, and socialism. However, facing the characteristics of students at different stages in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, the focus of work and methods vary. In primary school, the focus should be on emotional enlightenment; in middle school, the focus should be on strengthening cognition; in high school, the focus should be on clarifying responsibility and mission; in university, the focus should be on firming ideals and beliefs. This working method of following students' cognitive laws and progressing step by step should also be reflected in the cultivation of specific ideological, political, and moral qualities. For example, regarding "seeking truth from facts," primary school students should tell the truth and not lie, while university students should stand at a philosophical height and regard dialectical materialism and historical materialism as ideological weapons for transforming the subjective and objective worlds.

遵循教育规律。育人过程和育人目标是有机统一的整体。从心理学和教育学角度来说，青少年的成长过程可以分为若干相互衔接、依次出现而又各具特点的发展阶段，每个阶段的思政教育方向都应该一以贯之，同时每个阶段的具体目标要求应该循序渐进、螺旋上升。因此，有效推进一体化建设首先要遵循教育规律，把循序渐进、螺旋上升体现在目标设定、教育过程、评价方式、队伍建设和培养方向等方方面面。比如，大中小学开展爱国主义教育，一以贯之的根本方向是强化学生爱党爱国爱社会主义的思想基础和行动自觉，但面对大中小学不同学段学生的特点，工作侧重点和方式方法却不尽相同，小学阶段应以情感启蒙为主，中学阶段应以强化认知为重点，高中阶段应以明确责任使命为重点，大学阶段应以坚定理想信念为主。这种遵循学生认知规律、循序渐进的工作方式，还应体现在具体思想政治道德素养的培养上。比如，对于“实事求是”，小学生要讲真话、不说谎，大学生就要站在哲学高度把辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义作为改造主观世界和客观世界的思想武器。

Solve deep-seated problems. For a long time, all aspects and stages have been diligently working on school ideological and political education, achieving certain results, but there are also some problems that need to be solved urgently. For example, the internal consistency between value and knowledge, explicit education and implicit education still needs to be fully explored, and the value pursuit inherent in scientific knowledge itself needs to be further demonstrated; theory and practice, the small classroom of the school and the big classroom of society need to be fully integrated; overall research running through the integration of universities, middle schools, and primary schools, research on the cognitive characteristics of students at each stage and the acceptance mechanism of ideological and political education, and research on the goals and content of ideological and political education appropriate to students' physical and mental development, all need to be continuously deepened. It is necessary to adhere to the vertical main line running through universities, middle schools, and primary schools, progressing step by step, and scientifically set specific teaching goals for different stages according to the laws of ideological and political education and the laws of student growth, and do a good job in teaching goal design, curriculum setting, textbook compilation, teaching reform, teacher training, assessment and evaluation, and other links, grasping the timing, degree, and effectiveness.

破解深层问题。一直以来，各方面、各学段都兢兢业业抓学校思政教育，取得了一定成绩，但也存在一些亟待解决的问题。比如，价值性和知识性、显性教育与隐性教育的内在一致性还需要充分挖掘，科学知识本身所蕴涵的价值追求还需要进一步彰显；理论性和实践性、学校小课堂和社会大课堂还需要充分融合；贯穿大中小学一体的整体研究，对各阶段学生认知特点和思政教育接受机理的研究，对与学生身心发展相适切的思政教育目标内容的研究等，还需要不断深化。必须坚持大中小学纵向主线贯穿、循序渐进，针对不同学段，根据思政教育规律和学生成长规律科学设置具体教学目标，抓好教学目标设计、课程设置、教材编写、教学改革、教师培养、考核评价等环节，把握好时度效。

Form a work system. Deepening the advancement of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools requires sustained efforts in making it solid and thorough, and a complete set of effective working mechanisms must be established to guarantee it. Currently, the integration of ideological and political course textbooks and teaching research across stages is still in its infancy, exchanges between teams are insufficient, and classrooms at different stages need more mutual learning and exchange. It is necessary to coordinate elements such as educational goals, content, methods, teams, effectiveness, and evaluation across universities, middle schools, and primary schools, forming a grand ideological and political education pattern where vertically each stage has a consistent main line and orderly progression, and horizontally various courses move in the same direction with complementary functions.

形成工作体系。深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设要在做实、做透上持续发力，要构建一整套有效的工作机制来保障。当前，各学段思政课教材、教研融通还处于起步阶段，队伍交流不够，不同学段的课堂还需要更多切磋交流。要统筹大中小学的育人目标、内容、方式、队伍、成效、评价等要素，形成纵向上各学段主线贯穿、有序递进，横向上各类课程同向同行、功能互补的大思政育人格局。

Grasp key links and key areas to improve the quality and efficiency of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools.

抓实关键环节和重点领域提升大中小学思政教育一体化建设质量效益

In recent years, the Ministry of Education has planned and implemented the project of fostering virtue and nurturing people in the New Era, systematically advancing the cultivation of new-era individuals, the construction of "grand ideological and political courses," and the reform and innovation of the integration of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools. To further implement and create a new situation in the work, we need to grasp key links and key areas in practice.

近年来，教育部谋划实施新时代立德树人工程，系统推进时代新人培育、“大思政课”建设、大中小学思政教育一体化改革创新。进一步抓好落实，开创工作新局面，需要我们在实践中抓实关键环节和重点领域。

Focus on curriculum construction. The curriculum is the foundation of ideological and political education; if the courses are not well taught, integrated construction becomes impossible. Regarding ideological and political courses, in terms of content, it is necessary to strengthen overall planning, implement course positioning, unify compilation concepts, and conduct in-depth research on the curriculum structure, textbook content, and teaching objectives at each educational stage, so as to achieve the integration of curriculum and textbooks. In terms of form, it is necessary to continuously reform and innovate teaching methods and approaches, emphasizing heuristic, interactive, and inquiry-based teaching, to enhance the pertinence and appeal of teaching. Regarding ideological and political education in university courses and disciplinary moral education in primary and secondary schools, it is necessary to organically combine imparting knowledge, increasing wisdom, and nourishing the heart, deeply exploring the educational resources of various types of courses at each educational stage. Many explicit courses in primary and secondary schools, such as history, geography, music, physical education, and fine arts, can subtly cultivate students' aesthetic taste, healthy physique, willpower, humanistic literacy, and lifestyle. University courses in literature, history, and philosophy can help students deeply understand the scientific nature and inevitability of the Two Integrations [2]2 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, a key theoretical formulation of Xi Jinping Thought. from aspects such as the innovativeness of thought, the openness of culture, and the continuity of civilization. At the same time, it must be made clear that professional courses should not be turned into ideological and political courses; in integrated construction, attention must be paid to preventing various phenomena of "low-level red" and "advanced black." [3]3 "Low-level red" (低级红) and "advanced black" (高级黑) are internal Party terms describing, respectively, simplistic or exaggerated displays of loyalty that harm the Party's image, and sophisticated forms of criticism that appear supportive but are actually subversive.

抓好课程建设。课程是思政教育的基础，如果课没上好，一体化建设也就无从谈起。关于思政课，在内容上，要加强整体谋划，落实课程定位，统一编写理念，深入研究各学段课程结构、教材内容、教学目标，实现课程教材一体化；在形式上，要不断改革创新教学方式方法，注重启发式、互动式、探究式教学，提升教学的针对性和吸引力。关于高校课程思政和中小学学科德育，要把授业、增智、润心有机结合起来，深入挖掘各学段各类课程的育人资源。中小学历史、地理、音乐、体育、美术等很多显性课程，都可以润物无声地对学生进行审美情趣、健康体魄、意志品质、人文素养和生活方式的培养。大学的文学、历史、哲学类专业课程可以从思想的创新性、文化的开放性、文明的传承性等方面，帮助学生深刻认识“两个结合”的科学性和必然性。同时也要明确，不能把专业课上成思政课，在一体化建设中要注意防范各种“低级红”“高级黑”现象。

Make good use of the great social classroom. While building the small ideological and political classroom well, it is even more important to leverage the unique role of practical teaching in promoting students to guide action with knowledge and test knowledge through action. It is necessary to systematically design practical teaching arrangements such as "seeing more, truly feeling, deeply understanding, strengthening conviction, and clarifying action," increase the construction of practical spaces, interactive venues, and activity facilities, and allocate a certain number of class hours to organize practical experience activities, allowing students to "step out" of textbooks and classrooms, to experience in practice and grow through experience. For example, focusing on strengthening the Four Confidences [4]4 The Four Confidences (四个自信) are confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics., students can be allowed to experience firsthand the landmark achievements and breakthrough progress of the great achievements of development in the New Era. Through "seeing more," not only are students guided to enhance their sense of pride, but they are also guided to strengthen their political concepts, historical concepts, and concepts of struggle through vivid comparisons. In this regard, the educational role at the primary and secondary school stages may be greater, as the seeds of emotion and value can be buried deeper. Student ideological and political practical education must have social support, technical guarantees, and institutional arrangements; it is necessary to increase class hours and credits, develop teaching syllabi, increase funding, establish assessment and evaluation methods, and fully leverage the educational role of practical teaching bases.

用好社会大课堂。在建设好思政小课堂的同时，更要发挥好实践教学促进学生以知引行、以行践知的独特作用。要系统设计“多看看、真感触、深认知、强信念、明行动”等实践教学安排，加大实践空间、互动场所、活动设施等的建设，安排一定课时组织实践体验活动，让学生“走出”课本、走出教室，在实践中体验、在体验中成长。比如，聚焦坚定“四个自信”，可以让学生实地感受了解新时代发展伟大成就的标志性成果、突破性进展，通过“多看”不仅引导学生增强自豪感，更引导其在生动对比中增强政治观念、历史观念、奋斗观念。这方面，中小学阶段的教育作用可能更大，情感和价值的种子可以埋得更深。学生思政实践教育一定要有社会支撑、技术保障和制度安排，要增加学时学分，研制教学大纲，加大经费投入，建立考核评价办法，发挥好实践教学基地的育人作用。

Improve the evaluation system. The purpose of ideological and political education is to "enter the mind and heart," which requires a sound evaluation system. It is necessary to break traditional thinking patterns, adapt to the requirements of integrated construction, conduct in-depth research on educational evaluation standards that run through all stages from primary school to university, explore scientific and diverse evaluation methods and indicator systems, and effectively reflect the evaluation orientation of "teaching priority." Adhere to the combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation, fully leverage the roles of process evaluation, value-added evaluation, and categorical evaluation, truly raise the status of moral education and quality education, and guide schools at all levels to further enhance the effectiveness of fostering virtue through education.

健全评价体系。思政教育的目的在于“入脑入心”，需要健全评价体系。要打破传统思维模式，适应一体化建设要求，深入研究贯穿大中小学各学段的育人评价标准，探索科学、多元的评价办法和指标体系，切实体现“教学优先”的评价导向。坚持定性和定量评价相结合，充分发挥过程评价、增值评价、分类评价等作用，真正提高德育、素质教育的地位，引导各级各类学校进一步提升立德树人工作实效。

Strengthen team building. Ideological and political education is work done with people; those who do ideological and political education are the key to determining the educational effect. It is necessary to build a high-quality professional team. Strengthen the problem orientation, focus on the current shortcomings and weaknesses of university ideological and political course teachers, such as theoretical foundation, practical experience, and teaching methods, and make targeted efforts to fill gaps and tackle key issues. The enhancement of ideological and political course teachers' theoretical interpretation ability should be made the top priority, the improvement of teaching ability, especially the ability to tell stories, should be made the key link, and the enhancement of the ability to answer students' doubts should be made the "finishing touch," comprehensively improving the professional quality of ideological and political course teachers. Education departments at all levels must strengthen the construction of the team of ideological and political course teachers in primary and secondary schools, further improving the teaching literacy and theoretical literacy of the teacher team. It is necessary to expand educational personnel both inside and outside the school. Schools at all levels must strengthen the ideological and political work of teachers, guide all faculty and staff to firmly establish the awareness of fostering virtue through education, clarify their educational responsibilities in their positions, and vigorously organize high-level teachers from relevant academic disciplines and majors to participate in ideological and political education. It is necessary to improve the home-school-society collaborative education mechanism, attracting outstanding individuals and high-quality resources from all sectors of society to support school ideological and political education.

加强队伍建设。思政教育是做人的工作，做思政教育的人，是决定育人效果的关键。要打造高质量专业队伍。强化问题导向，聚焦目前高校思政课教师理论功底、实践经验、教学法等短板弱项，针对性补缺补差、重点攻关。要把增强思政课教师的理论阐释能力作为重中之重，把提升教学能力特别是讲故事能力作为关键环节，把提高对学生的解疑释惑能力作为“点睛之笔”，全面提高思政课教师的专业素养。各级教育部门要加强中小学思政课教师队伍建设，进一步提升教师队伍的教学素养和理论素养。要拓展校内外育人师资。各级学校都要加强教师思政工作，引导全体教职员工牢固树立立德树人意识、明确岗位育人职责，大力组织相关学科专业高水平教师参与思政教育。要完善家校社协同育人机制，吸引社会各界优秀人士、优质资源支持学校思政教育。

Strengthen comprehensive guarantees. Party committees (leading Party groups) at all levels must improve and perfect leadership mechanisms and organizational management systems, place the in-depth promotion of the integrated construction of ideological and political education in primary, secondary, and higher education in an important position, include it in the school's career development plan, incorporate it into the assessment of the school's Party building work, the evaluation standards for school running quality and discipline construction, and promote the formation of a long-term mechanism for exchange between primary, secondary, and higher education. It is necessary to deeply promote the reform of the "one-stop" student community comprehensive management model, encourage various educational forces to go down to the community, and bring ideological and political education to the students' side. Education departments at all levels must comprehensively coordinate resources and forces across all fields, links, and aspects, and do a good job in project layout, team building, and condition guarantees.

强化综合保障。各级党委（党组）要健全完善领导机制和组织管理体系，把深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设摆到重要位置，将其列入学校事业发展规划，纳入学校党建工作考核、办学质量和学科建设评估标准体系，推动形成大中小学交流的长效机制。要深入推进“一站式”学生社区综合管理模式改革，推动各类育人力量下沉到社区之中，把思政教育做到学生身边。各级教育部门要全面统筹各领域、各环节、各方面的资源和力量，做好项目布局、队伍建设、条件保障等方面工作。

(The author is a member of the Leading Party Members' Group and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Education)

（作者为教育部党组成员、副部长）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心