Consolidating the Power Foundation of Ideological-Political Courses with Three Cultures

Ideological-political courses are key courses for carrying out the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people, and they bear the task of cultivating the roots and soul of a new generation for the era with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Recently, Xi Jinping once again issued important instructions on the construction of ideological-political courses in schools, clearly stating the requirement: “Take the excellent traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture as the power foundation, explain the principles deeply, thoroughly, and vividly, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground to promote the connotative development of ideological-political course construction, and continuously improve the pertinence and appeal of ideological-political courses.”[1]1 “国有四维，礼义廉耻，‘四维不张，国乃灭亡’” (A state has four pillars: propriety, righteousness, integrity, and a sense of shame. If these four pillars are not upheld, the state will perish): A classical saying from the Guanzi, an ancient Chinese political text attributed to the philosopher Guan Zhong (c. 720–645 BCE). By positioning these three cultures as the “power foundation” in the construction of ideological-political courses, Xi Jinping has established a clear orientation for empowering ideological-political course construction with culture. In fact, at the 2019 symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools, Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “The excellent traditional culture formed by the Chinese nation over thousands of years, and the revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture forged by our Party leading the people in the course of revolution, construction, and reform, have provided profound strength for the construction of ideological-political courses.”[2]2 The Two Integrations (两个结合): A key theoretical formulation by Xi Jinping, referring to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture.(P9) This fully demonstrates that consolidating the power foundation of ideological-political courses with the three cultures is a consistent requirement of the Party Central Committee for the connotative development of ideological-political courses.

思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，承担着用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想培养时代新人的培根铸魂任务。近期习近平又一次对学校思政课建设作出重要指示，明确提出要求：“以中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化为力量根基，把道理讲深讲透讲活，守正创新推动思政课建设内涵式发展，不断提高思政课的针对性和吸引力。”[1]习近平以“力量根基”定位这三种文化在思政课建设中的重要作用，确立了以文化赋能思政课建设的鲜明导向。实际上，在2019年召开的学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会上，习近平曾明确指出：“中华民族几千年来形成了博大精深的优秀传统文化，我们党带领人民在革命、建设、改革过程中锻造的革命文化和社会主义先进文化，为思政课建设提供了深厚力量。”[2](P9)这充分说明，以三种文化夯实思政课的力量根基，是党中央对思政课内涵式发展一贯的要求。

I. Knowledge Logic: Thickening the Cultural Foundation of Ideological-Political Courses with the Three Cultures

一、知识逻辑：以三种文化厚植思政课的文化底蕴

The power of culture is the deepest, most substantial, and most historically grounded spiritual power, and it is also the spiritual support for the values, beliefs, and behavioral orientation of a country and a nation. Xi Jinping points out: “A nation without spiritual strength cannot stand on its own or become strong, and a cause without cultural support cannot last long.”[3]3 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture.(P280) “Without the foundation and nourishment of excellent traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture, faith and conviction can hardly be deep and steadfast.”[4]4 The “Four Histories” (四史) refers to the history of the Communist Party of China, the history of the People’s Republic of China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of the development of socialism.(P17-18) Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the spiritual power of

文化的力量是最深沉、最厚重、最具历史感的精神力量，也是一个国家和民族价值观念、信仰信念、行为依归的精神支撑。习近平指出：“一个没有精神力量的民族难以自立自强，一项没有文化支撑的事业难以持续长久。”[3](P280)“没有中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化的底蕴和滋养，信仰信念就难以深沉而执着。”[4](P17-18)党的十八大以来，习近平高度重视“以文化人”的精神力量，提出“传承弘扬革命文化，发展社会主义先进文化，从中华优秀传统文化中寻找源头活水”，[5]强调“自觉用中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化培根铸魂、启智润心”。[6](P236)这些重要论述深刻阐明了这三种文化与思政课建设的内在关联，明确了三种文化具有推动思政课内涵式发展的历史底蕴、血脉根基和活力源泉作用。

1. Deepening the Historical and Cultural Foundation of Ideological-Political Courses with Fine Traditional Chinese Culture

1. 以中华优秀传统文化厚植思政课的历史文化底蕴

Fine traditional Chinese culture is the unique spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation, the “root” and “source” of Chinese culture, the spiritual lifeline and value system unique to the Chinese people, and the cultural cornerstone enabling the Chinese nation to stand firm in the modern world. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Fine traditional Chinese culture is the cultural root of the Chinese nation,”[7](P342) and “to abandon tradition and discard the root is to cut off one’s own spiritual lifeline.”[7](P55) In terms of its nature, ideological-political courses are characterized by “ideological enlightenment,” “cultural infiltration,” and “spiritual guidance.” To offer and teach ideological-political courses well, one must first take fine traditional Chinese culture as the humanistic foundation, spiritual nourishment, and source of education.

中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的独特精神标识，是中华文化的“本”和“源”，是中国人独有的精神命脉和价值体系，是中华民族在现代世界中站稳脚跟的文化基石。习近平指出：“中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的文化根脉”，[7](P342)“抛弃传统、丢掉根本，就等于割断了自己的精神命脉”。[7](P55)从性质上看，思政课以“思想启迪”“文化沁润”和“精神引导”为特质，开好和讲好思政课，首先要以中华优秀传统文化为人文底蕴、精神滋养和育人源泉。

First, the rich philosophical thought and humanistic spirit of fine traditional Chinese culture constitute the substantial intellectual resources of ideological-political courses. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese civilization is the only great civilization in the world that has continued uninterrupted and developed in the form of a state to this day.”[8] As an important manifestation of Chinese civilization, fine traditional Chinese culture is deep and weighty, inheriting the ancient while giving rise to the new. It is like a living source of water, the spiritual strength and cultural nourishment that sustains and promotes the construction of ideological-political courses, “containing important insights for solving the difficult problems facing contemporary humanity.”[9](P189) In particular, the rich philosophical thought and humanistic spirit embedded in fine traditional Chinese culture are the weighty cultural genes and intellectual essence of ideological-political courses. For example, the ideas of “the Dao follows nature and the unity of heaven and humanity,” “the world is shared by all and the Great Harmony,” and “the nine provinces are interconnected and pluralistic yet integrated” are important resources for the philosophical worldview of ideological-political courses; the ideas of “harmony in diversity,” “seeking common ground while reserving differences,” “being vigilant in peace time,” “discarding the old and establishing the new,” and “governing without forgetting chaos” are important resources for dialectics and methodology; the ideas of “taking the people as the foundation,” “governing with virtue,” and “bringing peace, prosperity, and joy to the people” are important resources for values and humanistic spirit.

第一，中华优秀传统文化丰厚的哲学思想和人文精神是思政课厚重的思想资源。习近平指出：“中华文明是世界上唯一绵延不断且以国家形态发展至今的伟大文明。”[8]作为中华文明的重要体现，中华优秀传统文化深沉而厚重、承古而萌新，它犹如源头活水，是滋养和推动思政课建设的精神力量和文化养分，“蕴藏着解决当代人类面临的难题的重要启示”。[9](P189)特别是中华优秀传统文化蕴含的丰厚的哲学思想和人文精神，是思政课厚重的文化基因和思想精华。譬如，中华优秀传统文化蕴含的“道法自然、天人合一”“天下为公、大同世界”和“九州共贯、多元一体”的思想，是思政课重要的哲学世界观资源；中华优秀传统文化蕴含的“和而不同”“求同存异”“居安思危”“革故鼎新”“治不忘乱”的思想，是思政课重要的辩证法和方法论资源；中华优秀传统文化蕴含的“以民为本”“为政以德”“安民富民乐民”的思想，是思政课重要的价值观念和人文精神资源。

Second, the rich moral essence and moral concepts of fine traditional Chinese culture constitute the substantial moral resources of ideological-political courses. A state cannot prosper without virtue, and a person cannot stand without virtue. Xi Jinping pointed out, “Fine traditional Chinese culture contains rich ideological and moral resources,”[10](P181) and “it advocates constructing a world where the self and the group are unified through a moral order.”[8] “When morality is present in oneself, one is not misled by external things.” Fine traditional Chinese culture is filled with the governance principle of “virtue as primary, punishment as supplementary, and transforming people through virtue,” contains the moral discipline of “filial piety, fraternal duty, loyalty, faithfulness, propriety, righteousness, integrity, and a sense of shame,” emphasizes the moral baseline of “do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself,” advocates the moral ideal of “when the Great Way prevails, the world is shared by all,” promotes the moral responsibility of “cultivate oneself, regulate the family, govern the state, and bring peace to the world,” and calls for the moral character of “benefiting all under heaven,” among others. These substantial moral resources take moral cultivation of character, public virtue for goodness, and great virtue for forging the soul as social norms and pursuits, and are an important source for ideological-political courses to foster virtue and nurture people. Therefore, Xi Jinping pointed out: “Many ideological concepts and moral norms in fine traditional Chinese culture, whether in the past or the present, have their never-fading value.”[10](P183)

第二，中华优秀传统文化丰厚的道德精髓和道德理念是思政课厚重的道德资源。国无德不兴，人无德不立。习近平指出，“中华优秀传统文化，蕴含着丰富的思想道德资源”，[10](P181)“主张以道德秩序构造一个群己合一的世界”。[8]“道德当身，故不以物惑。”中华优秀传统文化充盈着“德主刑辅、以德化人”的德治主张，内蕴着“孝悌忠信、礼义廉耻”的道德操守，强调“己所不欲，勿施于人”的道德底线，主张“大道之行，天下为公”的道德理想，倡导“修身齐家治国平天下”的道德责任，呼吁“兼善天下”的道德人格，等等。这些厚重的道德资源把品德润身、公德善心、大德铸魂作为社会规范和追求，是思政课立德树人、教化育人的重要源泉。所以，习近平指出：“中华优秀传统文化中很多思想理念和道德规范，不论过去还是现在，都有其永不褪色的价值。”[10](P183)

Third, the rich values and political wisdom of fine traditional Chinese culture constitute the substantial value resources of ideological-political courses. Values are the “treasure” embedded in fine traditional Chinese culture. Xi Jinping pointed out, “The influence of culture is first and foremost the influence of values. The competition among various cultures in the world is essentially a competition of values.”[4]4 The “Four Histories” (四史) refers to the history of the Communist Party of China, the history of the People’s Republic of China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of the development of socialism.(P105) It can be said that values are the “spiritual bond” of a country or a nation and an important basis for social behavior. In Chinese history, “a state has four pillars: propriety, righteousness, integrity, and a sense of shame. If these four pillars are not upheld, the state will perish. This was the understanding of the core values of the time by the ancient Chinese.”[11](P3) In addition, fine traditional Chinese culture contains values such as “diligence in public service,” “honesty and harmony,” “kindness and good neighborliness,” “treating others with sincerity,” “integrity and altruism,” “generosity and benefiting others,” and “self-discipline and helping others.” Therefore, Xi Jinping emphasized, “Deeply excavate and elucidate the contemporary value of fine traditional Chinese culture, such as advocating benevolence, valuing the people, upholding integrity, esteeming justice, promoting harmony, and seeking the Great Harmony, so that fine traditional Chinese culture becomes an important source for cultivating core socialist values.”[10](P213)

第三，中华优秀传统文化丰厚的价值观念和政治智慧是思政课厚重的价值资源。价值观念是中华优秀传统文化内蕴的“瑰宝”，习近平指出，“文化的影响力首先是价值观念的影响力。世界上各种文化之争，本质上是价值观念之争”。[4](P105)可以说，价值观是一个国家、一个民族的“精神纽带”，也是社会行为的重要依归。在中国历史上，“国有四维，礼义廉耻，‘四维不张，国乃灭亡’。这是中国先人对当时核心价值的认识”。[11](P3)除此之外，中华优秀传统文化蕴含着“勤勉奉公”“讲信修睦”“亲仁善邻”“以诚待人”“诚信利他”“博施众利”“自律助人”等价值观念。所以，习近平强调，“深入挖掘和阐发中华优秀传统文化讲仁爱、重民本、守诚信、崇正义、尚和合、求大同的时代价值，使中华优秀传统文化成为涵养社会主义核心价值观的重要源泉”。[10](P213)

2. Continuing the Cultural Lineage of Ideological-Political Courses with Revolutionary Culture

2. 以革命文化赓续思政课的文化血脉

Revolutionary culture is an advanced culture with Chinese characteristics formed by the Communist Party of China leading the Chinese people in the long-term practice of revolutionary struggle. It condenses the glorious history of the CPC and revolutionary martyrs striving with determination, is a valuable resource for school ideological and political education in the New Era, and is the “spiritual food” for continuing the red lineage and cultivating patriotic fervor. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The history of the Chinese revolution is the best nutrient. The more we revisit the great history of the revolution led by our Party and the people, the more positive energy we will add to our hearts.”[12](P24) Revolutionary culture is the “red foundation” of ideological-political courses. To teach ideological-political courses well in the New Era, it is necessary to draw spiritual strength from revolutionary culture.

革命文化是中国共产党领导中国人民在长期革命斗争实践中形成的具有中国特色的先进文化，凝炼着中国共产党和革命先烈矢志奋斗的光辉历史，是新时代学校思想政治教育的宝贵资源，是赓续红色血脉、厚植爱国热情的“精神食粮”。习近平指出：“中国革命历史是最好的营养剂。多重温我们党领导人民进行革命的伟大历史，心中就会增加很多正能量。”[12](P24)革命文化是思政课的“红色底本”，讲好新时代的思政课，需要从革命文化中汲取精神力量。

On the one hand, revolutionary culture provides the richest educational material on revolutionary spirit for ideological-political courses. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the function of revolutionary culture in advising governance and educating people, and has issued many important instructions and directives on the transmission of revolutionary culture and the protection of revolutionary relics, pointing out the need to “strengthen the protection and utilization of revolutionary relics, promote revolutionary culture, and pass on the red genes.”[10](P12) In fact, protecting revolutionary relics and promoting revolutionary culture ultimately means promoting the revolutionary spirit they contain, which is also an important teaching resource and content for ideological-political courses. To teach ideological-political courses well, one should activate the spiritual code of revolutionary culture, making it a nutrient that moistens students’ hearts. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Revolutionary relics carry the glorious history of the Party and the people’s heroic struggle, record the great course and moving deeds of the Chinese revolution, are the precious wealth of the Party and the state, and are vivid teaching materials for promoting revolutionary traditions and revolutionary culture, strengthening socialist cultural-ethical progress, inspiring patriotic fervor, and invigorating the national spirit.”[10](P164) This important exposition shows that revolutionary culture and revolutionary relics are rich resources and a “book of wisdom” for teaching ideological-political courses well. Ideological-political courses should transform revolutionary relics, revolutionary heritage, and red spirit into a foundation of strength and rich resources for educating people, vividly interpreting the red code of “never forgetting revolutionary history,” “revolutionary ideals higher than the sky,” and “revolutionary spirit passed down through generations.”

一方面，革命文化为思政课提供最丰厚的革命精神教育素材。党的十八大以来，习近平反复强调革命文化的资政育人功能，多次对革命文化传承和革命文物保护作出重要指示批示，指出要“加强革命文物保护利用，弘扬革命文化，传承红色基因”。[10](P12)实际上，保护革命文物、弘扬革命文化，归根到底是要弘扬其内蕴的革命精神，这也是思政课的重要教学资源和教学内容。讲好思政课，就应该激活革命文化的精神密码，使其成为沁润学生心田的营养剂。习近平指出：“革命文物承载党和人民英勇奋斗的光荣历史，记载中国革命的伟大历程和感人事迹，是党和国家的宝贵财富，是弘扬革命传统和革命文化、加强社会主义精神文明建设、激发爱国热情、振奋民族精神的生动教材。”[10](P164)这一重要论述表明，革命文化和革命文物是讲好思政课的丰厚资源和“智慧之书”，思政课要把革命文物、革命遗产、红色精神转化为教书育人的力量根基和丰厚资源，生动诠释“革命历史永不忘”“革命理想高于天”“革命精神代代传”的红色密码。

On the other hand, revolutionary culture provides the most vivid resource pool for ideological-political courses. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Every historical event, every revolutionary hero, every revolutionary spirit, and every revolutionary relic represents the glorious course our Party has traversed and the major achievements it has made, and manifests our Party’s dreams and pursuits, feelings and responsibilities, sacrifices and contributions, converging into our Party’s red bloodline.”[10](P166) Promoting revolutionary culture requires not only emphasizing the tradition of revolutionary spirit, especially the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, but also valuing revolutionary historical relics, stories of revolutionary heroes, revolutionary holy sites, and red education bases. These important elements are a “great school of revolution”[13](P353) for continuing the red bloodline and an important spiritual lifeline of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the

另一方面，革命文化为思政课提供最鲜活的资源库。习近平指出：“每一个历史事件、每一位革命英雄、每一种革命精神、每一件革命文物，都代表着我们党走过的光辉历程、取得的重大成就，展现了我们党的梦想和追求、情怀和担当、牺牲和奉献，汇聚成我们党的红色血脉。”[10](P166)弘扬革命文化不仅要重视革命精神传统，特别是中国共产党人的精神谱系，还要重视革命历史文物、革命英雄故事和革命圣地、红色教育基地等。这些重要元素是赓续红色血脉的“革命的大学校”，[13](P353)是中华民族重要的精神命脉。党的十八大以来，习近平多次强调要用好红色资源，充分挖掘红色文化的育人力量，“发挥好革命文物在党史学习教育、革命传统教育、爱国主义教育等方面的重要作用”。[10](P12)同时，他强调要把革命文化与思想政治教育结合起来，以革命传统浸润心扉，要把革命故事作为思想政治教育的生动教材，要“围绕革命、建设、改革各个历史时期的重大事件、重大节点，研究确定一批重要标识地，讲好党的故事、革命的故事、英雄的故事，彰显时代特色，使之成为教育人、激励人、塑造人的大学校”。[14]

3. Activating the Cultural Vitality Source of Ideological-Political Courses with Advanced Socialist Culture

3. 以社会主义先进文化激活思政课的文化活力源泉

Culture can be distinguished as advanced or backward. Advanced culture represents the direction of social progress, embodies a nation's deepest spiritual pursuits, and constitutes the "soft power" by which a nation understands and transforms the world. Engels pointed out: "Every advance in culture is a step toward freedom."[15](P492) Advanced culture is a spiritual force that represents the direction of historical development and promotes social progress; it is the ideological guarantee and spiritual support for social development. From the perspective of historical materialism, advanced culture represents the developmental demands of the productive forces, reflects changes in history and the times, and constitutes the advanced ideological system of a given society.

文化有先进和落后之别，先进文化代表了社会前进的方向，体现着一个民族最深层的精神追求，是一个民族认识世界和改造世界的“软力量”。恩格斯指出：“文化上的每一个进步，都是迈向自由的一步。”[15](P492)先进文化是代表历史发展方向、推动社会进步的精神力量，是社会发展的思想保证和精神支撑。从唯物史观来看，先进文化代表了生产力的发展要求，反映着历史与时代的变迁，是一定社会的先进的思想体系。

Advanced socialist culture provides the spiritual strength to activate ideological-political courses. "Without the active guidance of advanced culture, without the great enrichment of the people's spiritual world, without the continuous strengthening of the national spiritual force, a country or a nation cannot stand proudly among the nations of the world."[7](P96) Advanced socialist culture is the new culture of contemporary China formed through the Two Integrations[n]; it represents the direction of social development. This "advanced ideology and culture, once grasped by the masses, will be transformed into a powerful material force."[16](P164) Advanced socialist culture extracts the essence of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture, and manifests the most vibrant national spirit and spirit of the times in China's reality; it is the source of vitality for ideological-political courses.

社会主义先进文化提供了激活思政课的精神力量。“没有先进文化的积极引领，没有人民精神世界的极大丰富，没有民族精神力量的不断增强，一个国家、一个民族不可能屹立于世界民族之林。”[7](P96)社会主义先进文化是经由“两个结合”而形成的当代中国的新文化，它代表了社会发展的方向，这种“先进的思想文化一旦被群众掌握，就会转化为强大的物质力量”。[16](P164)社会主义先进文化萃取了马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化的精华，并在中国实际中彰显了最鲜活的民族精神和时代精神，它是思政课的活力之源。

Advanced socialist culture provides the value strength to activate ideological-political courses. The epochal characteristics of advanced socialist culture are the national spirit centered on patriotism and the spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation. It contains the truth power of Marxism, the personality power of Chinese Communists, and the practical power of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It can provide excellent materials on the spirit of patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, and provide a large number of exemplary figures and heroic models worthy of wide promotion. Advanced culture takes value advancement as its concrete manifestation. The core socialist values condense the essence of advanced socialist culture and illuminate the direction of development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To teach ideological-political courses well, the primary task is to integrate advanced socialist culture into the curriculum, into the textbooks, and into the classroom, using the core socialist values it contains to enlighten students and nourish their hearts, ultimately achieving the goal of "shaping the soul with advanced culture."[10](P52)

社会主义先进文化提供了激活思政课的价值力量。社会主义先进文化的时代特征是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神，其中蕴含着马克思主义的真理力量、中国共产党人的人格力量和中国特色社会主义的实践力量，能够提供爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义精神的优秀素材，提供一大批值得广为弘扬的时代楷模、英雄模范人物。先进文化以价值先进为现实表征，社会主义核心价值观凝结着社会主义先进文化的精髓，昭示着中国特色社会主义发展方向。讲好思政课，首要的任务就是把社会主义先进文化融入课程、融入教材、融入课堂，以其中蕴含的社会主义核心价值观启发学生、浸润心灵，最终达到“以先进文化塑造灵魂”[10](P52)的目标。

II. Value Logic: Consolidating the Belief Foundation of Ideological-Political Courses with Three Cultures

二、价值逻辑：以三种文化筑牢思政课的信念基石

The essence of ideological-political courses is "explaining principles," and the key goal is to consolidate students' faith and beliefs, forming political identity, ideological identity, emotional identity, and value identity. Xi Jinping pointed out: "Ideological-political courses must solve the problem of students' ideals and beliefs."[7](P379) From the perspective of value logic, the three cultures are the cultural cornerstone for consolidating the Marxist faith and the belief in socialism and communism among youth in the New Era.

思政课的本质是“讲道理”，关键性目标是筑牢学生的信仰信念，形成政治认同、思想认同、情感认同和价值认同。习近平指出：“思政课要解决学生理想信念问题。”[7](P379)从价值逻辑看，三种文化是筑牢新时代青年马克思主义信仰、社会主义和共产主义信念的文化基石。

1. Consolidating the Historical Confidence and Cultural Confidence of Youth in the New Era with Five Thousand Years of Unbroken Fine Traditional Chinese Culture

1. 以五千年不断流的中华优秀传统文化筑牢新时代青年的历史自信和文化自信

Fine traditional Chinese culture is the spiritual “root” of the Chinese people and the spiritual “lifeblood” of the Chinese nation. Integrating it into the curriculum system and textbook system of ideological-political courses can, from the dimension of historical depth, thoroughly explain the history of cultural inheritance, civilizational dissemination, and cultural continuity through which the Chinese nation has thrived and passed down its heritage from generation to generation, thereby consolidating the historical confidence and value confidence of youth in the New Era. On the one hand, it is necessary to thoroughly explain from the dimension of historical depth “Where do we come from? Where are we going?” and to use the “root vein” to enhance historical consciousness and cultural confidence. Fine traditional Chinese culture is an important testimony to the profound history of the Chinese nation, recording the glorious journey it has traversed. Empowering ideological-political course construction with culture means using the historical thickness of Chinese culture to understand the strategic height of contemporary China and to enhance historical confidence. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Historical cognition is an important foundation for historical confidence,”[17](P546) and “Where do we come from? Where are we going? China has reached today, and I constantly remind myself to have such a sense of history.”[18](P196-197) Only by grasping the historical axis of Chinese culture can ideological-political courses connect history, reality, and the future, strengthen the excavation and elucidation of fine traditional Chinese culture, and make it compatible and coordinated with the reality of contemporary Chinese cultural development, thereby enabling students to “strengthen historical confidence and steadfastly uphold ideals and convictions.”[10](P172) On the other hand, it is necessary to deeply understand the great significance of the “Two Integrations”[n] and use “Chinese characteristics” to enhance cultural consciousness and cultural confidence. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The key to Chinese characteristics lies in the ‘Two Integrations.’”[8] The “Two Integrations” enable Chinese culture to achieve theoretical innovation at the historical intersection of tradition and modernity, and this is the key to understanding “Chinese characteristics.” Xi Jinping pointed out: “Without five thousand years of Chinese civilization, where would Chinese characteristics come from? Without Chinese characteristics, how could we have such a successful path of socialism with Chinese characteristics today? We must pay special attention to excavating the essence of five thousand years of Chinese civilization, combine the promotion of excellent traditional culture with the positions, viewpoints, and methods of Marxism, and unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.”[17](P315) This important exposition by Xi Jinping profoundly explains that only by unwaveringly advancing the “Two Integrations,” connecting the essence of Marxist thought with the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, integrating it with the common values that the people use daily without being fully aware of them, and continuously endowing scientific theory with distinct Chinese characteristics, can a theory that is loved, recognized, and owned by the people be formed. In fact, historical confidence is based on China’s more than five thousand years of glorious history and is a cultural confidence rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture. To teach ideological-political courses well in the New Era, it is necessary to use the “Two Integrations” to explain “Chinese characteristics,” “to clearly explain the historical origins, development context, and basic direction of fine traditional Chinese culture, and to clearly explain the unique creations, value concepts, and distinctive features of Chinese culture, thereby enhancing cultural confidence and value confidence.”[7](P56)[9](P189)

中华优秀传统文化是中国人的精神之“根”，是中华民族的精神“命脉”，将之融入思政课程体系、教材体系，可以从历史纵深维度讲透中华民族生生不息、薪火相传的文化传承史、文明传播史和文脉延续史，筑牢新时代青年的历史自信和价值观自信。一方面，要从历史纵深维度讲透“我们从哪里来？我们走向何方？”，以“根脉”增强历史自觉和文化自信。中华优秀传统文化是中华民族厚重历史的重要见证，记录着中华民族走过的辉煌历程。以文化赋能思政课建设，就是要以中华文化的历史厚度理解当代中国的战略高度，增强历史自信。习近平指出：“历史认知是历史自信的重要基础”，[17](P546)“我们从哪里来？我们走向何方？中国到了今天，我无时无刻不提醒自己，要有这样一种历史感”。[18](P196-197)思政课只有把握住中华文化的历史轴线，才能贯通历史、现实与未来，加强对中华优秀传统文化的挖掘和阐发，使之同当代中国文化发展的现实相适应相协调，才能使学生“坚定历史自信，自觉坚守理想信念”。[10](P172)另一方面，要深刻理解“两个结合”的重大意义，以“中国特色”增强文化自觉和文化自信。习近平指出：“中国特色的关键就在于‘两个结合’。”[8]“两个结合”让中华文化在传统与现代的历史交汇中实现了理论创新，这是我们理解“中国特色”的钥匙。习近平指出：“如果没有中华五千年文明，哪里有什么中国特色？如果不是中国特色，哪有我们今天这么成功的中国特色社会主义道路？我们要特别重视挖掘中华五千年文明中的精华，把弘扬优秀传统文化同马克思主义立场观点方法结合起来，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路。”[17](P315)习近平这一重要论述深刻说明，只有毫不动摇推进“两个结合”，把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来、同人民群众日用而不觉的共同价值观念融通起来，不断赋予科学理论鲜明的中国特色，才能形成为人民所喜爱、所认同、所拥有的理论。实际上，历史自信奠基于中国五千多年的辉煌历史，是根植在中华优秀传统文化基础之上的文化自信。讲好新时代思政课，就是要以“两个结合”阐释“中国特色”，“讲清楚中华优秀传统文化的历史渊源、发展脉络、基本走向，讲清楚中华文化的独特创造、价值理念、鲜明特色，增强文化自信和价值观自信”，[7](P56)[9](P189)

2. Consolidating the Path Confidence and Institutional Confidence of Youth in the New Era with Revolutionary Culture

2. 以革命文化筑牢新时代青年的道路自信和制度自信

Revolutionary culture is the “red base text” of ideological-political courses, recording the red bloodline of the Communist Party of China from “winning the red rivers and mountains” to “preserving the red rivers and mountains.” Empowering ideological-political course construction with it means excavating red resources and inheriting red genes in ideological-political courses, using the red bloodline to thicken the foundation of faith and using red genes to nourish confidence and backbone. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The red bloodline is the concentrated embodiment of the political essence of the Communist Party of China and the source of spiritual strength for Chinese Communists in the New Era.”[10](P166) To teach ideological-political courses well in the New Era, it is necessary to make revolutionary culture “shine,” revolutionary artifacts “come alive,” and revolutionary stories “become vivid,” and to “let artifacts speak, tell people the wisdom of history, and stimulate our national pride and confidence.”[10](P214) Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the need to excavate the educational function of revolutionary culture, fully utilize the educational resources contained in revolutionary artifacts and revolutionary stories, and use history to reflect reality, thereby thickening the faith and conviction of ideological-political courses and stimulating confidence and backbone. Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must always remember where the red political power came from and how New China was established, cherish the socialism with Chinese characteristics created by our Party, and strengthen confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, confidence in the system, and confidence in the culture.”[12](P39) Therefore, to thoroughly explain the “bloodline” of red revolutionary culture, it is necessary to integrate Xi Jinping’s important expositions on revolutionary culture into the courses “Outline of Modern Chinese History” and the “Four Histories,”[n] combine them with the themes, main lines, mainstream, and essence of the Party’s history over more than a hundred years, tell well the stories of the Party, the revolution, and the heroes, guide students to deeply recognize that the Chinese path and Chinese governance have not come easily, and resolve to pass on the red genes well, ensuring that the red rivers and mountains never change color.

革命文化是思政课的“红色底本”，记录了中国共产党从“打红色江山”到“保红色江山”的红色血脉，将之赋能思政课建设，就是要在思政课中挖掘红色资源、传承红色基因，以红色血脉厚植信仰根基，以红色基因滋养信心骨气。习近平指出：“红色血脉是中国共产党政治本色的集中体现，是新时代中国共产党人的精神力量源泉。”[10](P166)讲好新时代思政课，就是要让革命文化“亮”起来、革命文物“动”起来、革命故事“活”起来，就是要“让文物说话、把历史智慧告诉人们，激发我们的民族自豪感和自信心”。[10](P214)党的十八大以来，习近平多次强调要挖掘革命文化的教育功能，充分利用革命文物和革命故事蕴含的教育资源，通过历史映照现实，以此厚植思政课的信仰信念、激发信心底气。习近平指出：“我们一定要牢记红色政权是从哪里来的、新中国是怎么建立起来的，倍加珍惜我们党开创的中国特色社会主义，坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信。”[12](P39)所以，讲透红色革命文化的“血脉”，就要在“中国近现代史纲要”和“四史”课程中融入习近平关于革命文化的重要论述，结合百余年来党史的主题主线、主流本质，讲好党的故事、革命的故事、英雄的故事，引导学生深刻认同中国道路、中国之治来之不易，矢志把红色基因传承好，确保红色江山永不变色。

3. Consolidating the Theoretical Consciousness and Theoretical Confidence of Youth in the New Era with Advanced Socialist Culture

3. 以社会主义先进文化筑牢新时代青年的理论自觉和理论自信

Advanced socialist culture is a national, scientific, and popular culture under the guidance of Marxism, this “soul vein.” It takes Marxism as its “soul vein,” upholds the “Three Orientations,”[n] adheres to the Chinese cultural standpoint, and upholds fundamental principles while innovating Chinese cultural elements. It is an advanced culture that neither forgets its origins nor opens up the future. Ideological-political courses in the New Era must be guided by the Marxist “soul vein” to consolidate their theoretical consciousness and theoretical confidence. On the one hand, it is necessary to consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain within ideological-political courses and consolidate the soul of the nation. It is necessary to deeply explain “the fundamental system of upholding the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain,”[19](P35) integrate Marxist cultural theory into courses such as “Basic Principles of Marxism” and “Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,” and clearly identify and resist various “non-Marxist” statements, “fake Marxist” statements, and historical nihilism. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Marxism is the ‘true scripture’ of us Communists. If the ‘true scripture’ is not recited well, and one always thinks of ‘going to the Western Heaven to fetch scriptures,’ it will delay major affairs! Without understanding and being familiar with the basic principles of Marxism, it is impossible to truly understand and master the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.”[4]4 The “Four Histories” (四史) refers to the history of the Communist Party of China, the history of the People’s Republic of China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of the development of socialism.(P67) On the other hand, it is necessary to take the Party’s innovative theories in the New Era as the ideological guide and content system for ideological-political course construction, enhance theoretical consciousness and theoretical confidence, actively construct a curriculum and textbook system with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its core content, insist on advancing ideological-political course construction in step with the theoretical armament of the Party’s innovative theories, and stimulate the innovative and creative vitality of ideological-political course construction.

社会主义先进文化是在马克思主义这一“魂脉”指导下的民族的科学的大众的文化，它以马克思主义为“魂脉”，秉持“三个面向”，坚守中华文化立场，守正创新中华文化元素，是不忘本来又开辟未来的先进文化。新时代的思政课，就是要以马克思主义“魂脉”为指引，筑牢思政课的理论自觉和理论自信。一方面，要在思政课中巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，筑牢国家之魂。要深入阐释“坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度”，[19](P35)在“马克思主义基本原理”“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”等课程中融入马克思主义文化理论，旗帜鲜明鉴别和抵制各种“非马”言论、“假马”言论和历史虚无主义等。习近平指出：“马克思主义就是我们共产党人的‘真经’，‘真经’没念好，总想着‘西天取经’，就要贻误大事！不了解、不熟悉马克思主义基本原理，就不可能真正了解和掌握中国特色社会主义理论体系。”[4](P67)另一方面，要以新时代党的创新理论作为思政课建设的思想指南和内容体系，增强理论自觉和理论自信，要积极构建以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的课程教材体系，坚持思政课建设与党的创新理论武装同步推进，激发思政课建设的创新创造活力。

III. Methodological Logic: Promoting Methodological Innovation in Ideological-Political Courses with Three Cultures

三、方法逻辑：以三种文化推动思政课的方法创新

Xi Jinping pointed out: “The essence of ideological-political courses is to explain principles, and attention must be paid to methods and means to explain principles deeply, thoroughly, and vividly,”[20] and “Teaching ideological-political courses well involves not only ‘technique’ but also ‘scholarship,’ and even more so ‘the Way.’”[7](P388) To teach ideological-political courses well in the New Era, it is necessary to vividly explain the “philosophical principles,” “emotional principles,” and “truth principles” contained in the three cultures. This requires, in the teaching process, achieving the organic unity of tracing back to origins and integrating ancient and modern, the close combination of knowledge transmission and value shaping, and the simultaneous advancement of ideological guidance and scholarly elucidation, using the three cultures to promote methodological innovation in ideological-political courses.

习近平指出，“思政课的本质是讲道理，要注重方式方法，把道理讲深、讲透、讲活”，[20]“讲好思政课不仅有‘术’，也有‘学’，更有‘道’”。[7](P388)讲好新时代思政课，需要讲活三种文化蕴含的“哲理”“情理”和“真理”，这就需要在授课过程中，做到推本溯源和融通古今有机统一、知识传授和价值塑造紧密结合、思想引导和学理阐释同步推进，以三种文化推动思政课方法创新。

1. Vividly Explaining the “Philosophical Principles” of Fine Traditional Chinese Culture with the Historical Thinking of Tracing Back to Origins and Integrating Ancient and Modern

1. 以推本溯源和融通古今的历史思维讲活中华优秀传统文化的“哲理”

Xi Jinping pointed out: “Fine traditional Chinese culture is the crystallization and essence of the wisdom of Chinese civilization, the root and soul of the Chinese nation, and the foundation on which we stand firm amid the cultural stirrings of the world.” [10](P236) To teach fine traditional Chinese culture well in ideological-political courses, it is necessary to bring to life the “philosophical principles” (哲理) within it by tracing back to origins and integrating past and present. Specifically, first, one must bring to life the “old state, new mandate” (旧邦新命) of Chinese culture, using the Second Integration [6]6 Consolidating the foundation and forging the soul (固本铸魂): a Party expression referring to the educational task of strengthening ideological foundations and shaping the spiritual core of students, often used in the context of ideological-political education. to explain the “chemical reaction” that Chinese culture has undergone, revealing its inherent logic of internal alignment and integration, and understanding the essential meaning and basic direction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation along the historical axis, thereby deeply explaining the continuity of Chinese civilization. Xi Jinping pointed out: “If China is not understood

习近平指出：“中华优秀传统文化是中华文明的智慧结晶和精华所在，是中华民族的根和魂，是我们在世界文化激荡中站稳脚跟的根基。”[10](P236)在思政课中讲好中华优秀传统文化，需要以推本溯源和融通古今的方法讲活其中的“哲理”。具体来说，一是要讲活中华文化的“旧邦新命”，以“第二个结合”阐释中华文化发生的“化学反应”，揭示其内在契合融通的逻辑机理，在历史轴线中理解中华民族现代文明的内涵要义和基本走向，进而深入阐释中华文明的连续性。习近平指出：“如果不从源远流长的历史连续性来认识中国，就不可能理解古代中国，也不可能理解现代中国，更不可能理解未来中国。”[8]二是要融通古今讲好中华优秀传统文化内蕴的正确价值观、道德观，这就要求思政课“要把优秀传统文化的精神标识提炼出来、展示出来，把优秀传统文化中具有当代价值、世界意义的文化精髓提炼出来、展示出来”，[7](P342)引导学生感悟中华文化的历史变迁，触摸和领悟中华文化的发展脉络。三是要以辩证思维对中华文化进行创造性转化、创新性发展，既要对其精华进行阐发和弘扬，又要对其中的糟粕进行“瘦身”和“剔除”，以中华优秀传统文化独特的理念、思想、智慧、气度和神韵铸魂育人，以中华优秀传统文化的精髓要义回答时代之问，使学生在传统与现代的交汇中体味中华民族独特的精气神，以中华文明的突出特性为力量源泉增强做中国人的志气、骨气、底气。

2. Enlivening the “Emotion and Reason” of Revolutionary Culture through the Scene Narrative of Knowledge Transmission and Value Shaping

2. 以知识传授和价值塑造的场景叙事讲活革命文化的“情理”

Promoting revolutionary culture, protecting revolutionary cultural relics, and passing on the red gene are the responsibilities of ideological-political course teachers. To enliven revolutionary culture in ideological-political courses, it is necessary to persist in unifying knowledge transmission and value shaping, and to tell well and enliven the vivid stories contained in revolutionary culture. Stories differ from ordinary “events”; what stories carry are “the reason of events” and “the reason of politics.” The stories of revolutionary culture told in ideological-political courses must withstand students’ questioning. Xi Jinping pointed out: “We

弘扬革命文化，保护革命文物，传承红色基因，是思政课教师的责任。在思政课中讲活革命文化，需要坚持把知识传授和价值塑造统一起来，讲好和讲活革命文化蕴含的生动故事。故事不同于普通之“事”，故事承载的是“事理”和“政理”。思政课所讲的革命文化的故事，要经得起学生的追问。习近平指出：“要抓好青少年学习教育，着力讲好党的故事、革命的故事、英雄的故事，厚植爱党、爱国、爱社会主义的情感，让红色基因、革命薪火代代传承。”[21](P26)讲活其中的道理，首先，需要坚持价值性和知识性相统一，即在讲红色文化时，不是为了“讲”而讲，而是为了“理”而讲；不能只讲“历史故事”，而是要讲历史故事背后的“情理故事”，要寓价值引导于革命文化的知识传授之中。其次，需要坚持思政小课堂同社会大课堂相统一。即在讲红色文化时，不要只在思政课堂上讲，而是要在纪念馆、博物馆、革命圣地中讲；不能搞填鸭式的“硬灌输”，而是要把“陈情”和“说理”结合起来。习近平指出：“讲故事就是讲事实、讲形象、讲情感、讲道理，讲事实才能说服人，讲形象才能打动人，讲情感才能感染人，讲道理才能影响人。”[4](P212)要讲革命文化的故事，还需要大力推进数字技术与思政课程深度融合，开拓“浸润式”文化育人渠道，探索AI赋能思想政治教育的新模式，把革命故事、革命英雄、革命遗址等通过虚拟现实技术再现出来，让革命文化“亮起来”和“活起来”，引导学生在红色场景、沉浸式体验中领略革命文化的力量和魅力。

3. Enlivening the “Truth” of Advanced Socialist Culture through the Theoretical Logic of Ideological Guidance and Scholarly Interpretation

3. 以思想引导和学理阐释的理论逻辑讲活社会主义先进文化的“真理”

Integrating advanced socialist culture into ideological-political courses requires adhering to the coordinated advancement of ideological guidance and scholarly interpretation, enlivening the “truth” inherent in this culture through theory. “Times change, society develops, but the basic principles of Marxism remain scientific truth.”[22](P66) … the story of “standing up,” enhancing confidence in reality; based on the actual conditions of contemporary China, telling well the stories of China in the New Era, enlivening the story of “becoming strong,” enhancing confidence in the future, and so forth.

社会主义先进文化融入思政课，需要坚持思想引导和学理阐释协同推进，以理论讲活这一文化内蕴的“真理”。“时代在变化，社会在发展，但马克思主义基本原理依然是科学真理。”[22](P66)”的故事，增强现实自信；立足当代中国实际，讲好新时代中国故事，讲活“强起来”的故事，增强未来自信，等等。

In summary, fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture constitute the profound and deep power foundation of ideological-political courses. To teach ideological-political courses well in the New Era, these three cultures must be taken as a foundational project for consolidating the foundation and forging the soul [n], running them through the entire process of ideological-political education and talent cultivation, continuously improving the pertinence and appeal of ideological-political courses, and continuously promoting the connotative development of ideological-political course construction.

总之，中华优秀传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化是思政课厚重而深沉的力量根基。讲好新时代的思政课，必须把这三种文化作为固本铸魂的基础工程，将之贯穿于思想政治教育和人才培养全过程，不断提高思政课的针对性和吸引力，不断推动思政课建设内涵式发展。

(Author’s biography: Zhao Yiliang, professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Marxism, Beihang University)

（作者简介：赵义良，北京航空航天大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心