Integrating Labor Education into the Entire Process of Higher Education Talent Cultivation

Labor education is an important component of the education system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In 2020, at the National Commendation Conference for Model Workers and Advanced Workers, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “incorporating labor education into the entire process of talent cultivation, running through all stages of primary, secondary, and higher education and all aspects of family, school, and society.” At the 2024 National Education Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping further stressed the need to “focus on cultivating socialist builders and successors who are well-developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and in labor,” which provides the fundamental guidance for improving the quality of labor education in higher education in the New Era. Higher education institutions should actively explore implementation pathways for labor education, cultivating more new-era individuals who meet the needs of social development and bear the responsibility of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

劳动教育是中国特色社会主义教育体系的重要内容。2020年，习近平总书记在全国劳动模范和先进工作者表彰大会上强调，“把劳动教育纳入人才培养全过程，贯通大中小学各学段和家庭、学校、社会各方面”。在2024年全国教育大会上，习近平总书记进一步强调应“着眼于培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”，这为新时代高校提升劳动教育质量提供了根本遵循。高校应积极探索劳动教育实施路径，培养更多适应社会发展需要、担当民族复兴重任的时代新人。

Integrating labor education through all stages of higher education, focusing on integrated cultivation

将劳动教育贯通高等教育各阶段，注重一体化培养

Higher education talent cultivation includes both undergraduate and graduate periods. From the perspective of the complete cultivation cycle, these two stages are both interconnected and have their own emphases. Integrating labor education through all stages of higher education requires systematic planning and macro-level control, while also implementing stratified differentiation and targeted measures.

高校人才培养包括本科与研究生两个时期，从完整培养周期来看，这两阶段既相互连贯又各有侧重。将劳动教育贯通高等教育各阶段，需要系统规划、宏观把控，同时也要分层分化、精准施策。

Clarifying the objectives of labor education is the prerequisite for integrated cultivation. The goal of labor education is to enhance students’ labor concepts, labor abilities, labor spirit, labor habits, and labor qualities, cultivating socialist builders and successors who are well-developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and in labor. Higher education institutions need to set specific sub-objectives based on the characteristics of the undergraduate or graduate stage. The undergraduate stage focuses on stimulating students’ interest in labor and cultivating labor habits, improving comprehensive qualities, and establishing a correct view of labor. Labor education at the graduate stage emphasizes enhancing students’ labor literacy and innovation ability, encouraging students to closely integrate labor practice with academic research, and through participation in high-level scientific research projects, international exchanges, and other activities, continuously expand cutting-edge interdisciplinary perspectives and enhance the ability to solve complex problems.

明确劳动教育目标是一体化培养的前提。劳动教育的目标是着眼于提升学生的劳动观念、劳动能力、劳动精神、劳动习惯和劳动品质，培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。高校需依据本科或研究生不同阶段的特性设定具体的分目标。本科阶段侧重激发学生的劳动兴趣并养成劳动习惯，提升综合素质，树立正确劳动观。研究生阶段的劳动教育着重提升学生的劳动素养与创新能力，鼓励学生将劳动实践与学术研究紧密结合，通过参与高水平的科研项目、国际交流等活动，不断拓展前沿交叉视野，提升解决复杂问题的能力。

Constructing an integrated undergraduate-graduate labor education curriculum system is key to achieving the objectives of labor education. At all stages of higher education, labor education in teaching content should reflect contemporaneity, practicality, and innovation. It should both preserve traditional forms of labor, such as handicraft skills and agricultural production, allowing students to experience hardship in traditional labor and cultivate patience, care, and a sense of responsibility, and keep pace with the times by introducing new forms of labor under modern technological conditions, such as intelligent manufacturing and information technology, allowing students to touch the frontiers of technology, feel the pulse of the times, stimulate innovative thinking, and cultivate practical abilities. In teaching management, establish a cross-stage curriculum connection mechanism, clarify the hierarchy and complementarity of undergraduate and graduate courses, and form a complete labor education system, ensuring that the two are both focused on their own aspects and mutually supportive, jointly constituting a complete, systematic, and progressive labor education system.

构建本研一体化的劳动教育课程体系是实现劳动教育目标的关键。在高等教育各个阶段，劳动教育在教学内容上都应体现时代性、实践性与创新性，既应保留传统劳动形式，如手工技艺、农业生产等，让学生在传统劳作中体悟艰辛，培养耐心、细心和责任心，又要紧跟时代步伐，引入智能制造、信息技术等现代科技条件下的新型劳动形式，让学生触摸科技前沿，感受时代脉搏，激发创新思维、培养实践能力。在教学管理上，建立跨阶段课程衔接机制，明确本科与研究生课程的层次性与互补性，形成完整的劳动教育体系，确保两者既各有侧重，又相互支撑，共同构成一个完整、系统、递进的劳动教育体系。

The assessment mechanism and evaluation system are important yardsticks for testing the effectiveness of labor education. In the assessment mechanism, attention should be paid to combining process evaluation with outcome evaluation, valuing students’ regular performance in the course, and comprehensively tracking students’ growth trajectory in labor practice. Combined with comprehensive assessments and literacy monitoring at different academic stages, conduct quantitative evaluation of students’ mastery of labor skills. Introduce self-assessment and peer-assessment mechanisms, through writing learning logs, sharing reflections, and peer-evaluating team cooperation contributions, to promote self-awareness and growth. In the evaluation system, construct a multi-dimensional and three-dimensional evaluation standard, ensuring equal emphasis on quantitative indicators and qualitative evaluation, paying attention to both quantitative indicators of labor outcomes and the examination of soft abilities such as emotional attitudes. Set differentiated evaluation standards: for basic labor skills, focus on the proficiency and accuracy of skill operations; for innovative labor projects, focus on creativity, practice, and problem-solving abilities.

考核机制与评价体系是检验劳动教育成效的重要标尺。在考核机制上，应注重过程评价与结果评价相结合，重视学生在课程中的平时表现，全面追踪学生在劳动实践中的成长轨迹。结合不同学段的综合考核与素养监测，对学生的劳动技能掌握程度进行量化评估。引入自评与互评机制，通过撰写学习日志、心得分享、互评团队合作贡献等方式，促进自我认知与成长。在评价体系上，构建多元立体的评价标准，保证量化指标与质性评价并重，既关注劳动成果的量化指标，也重视情感态度等软性能力的考察。设定差异化的评价标准，对基础的劳动技能，侧重于技能操作的熟练度与准确性；对创新劳动项目，侧重创意、实践与解决问题的能力。

Integrating labor education into the entire curriculum system of higher education, strengthening ideological and political guidance

将劳动教育融入高校全课程体系，强化思政引领

Integrating labor education into the entire curriculum system of higher education requires deeply excavating labor elements in professional course teaching. On the one hand, higher education institutions need to carry out regular labor education training, strengthen the subjective consciousness of professional course teachers in adapting to and applying labor education, and enhance their proactive thinking and innovation ability in integrating labor education into courses. On the other hand, build a labor education research and training platform, incorporate labor education ability into the teacher development system, and adopt a dual approach of independently cultivating and absorbing/introducing specialized labor education teachers. Through professional guidance, collective teaching research, and co-construction of excellent courses, efficiently integrate “specialized + refined” resources, constructing a long-term mechanism for integrating labor education into professional courses.

在高校全课程体系中融入劳动教育，需要深入挖掘专业课教学中的劳动元素。一方面，高校需开展常规化劳动教育培训，强化各专业教师适应并运用劳动教育的主体自觉，提升其在课程中融入劳动教育的主动思维和创新能力；另一方面，搭建劳动教育研修平台，将劳动教育能力纳入教师发展体系，自主培养与吸收引进劳动教育专门教师双管齐下，通过专业指导、集体教研、优课共建等形式，高效整合“专+精”资源，构建在专业课中融合劳动教育的长效机制。

Strengthening the value guidance of ideological and political theory courses for labor education. Ideological and political theory courses are key courses for higher education institutions to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [1]1 “Fostering virtue through education” (立德树人) is a fundamental task of education in China, emphasizing the cultivation of moral character as the foundation for talent development.. In ideological and political theory courses, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the content of labor education should be strengthened, guiding students to understand the decisive significance of labor for the development of humanity and human society, and establishing a correct view of labor value. In ideological and political theory courses, labor education should take fine traditional Chinese culture as its living source, enhancing labor consciousness and cultivating labor literacy from the national gene of enduring hardship and hard work; take revolutionary culture as spiritual nourishment, integrating the Marxist view of labor, interpreting the spirit of struggle from revolutionary stories, and making good use of red resources to cultivate the labor spirit; take advanced socialist culture as internal support, comprehending the value of labor from the major achievements of China’s development and progress, deepening the value concept that “labor is the most glorious, labor is the most noble, labor is the greatest, and labor is the most beautiful.”

强化思政课对劳动教育的价值引领。思政课是高校落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，在思政课上要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，强化劳动教育的内容，引导学生理解劳动对于人类和人类社会发展的决定性意义，树立正确的劳动价值观。在思政课上，劳动教育应以中华优秀传统文化为源头活水，从吃苦耐劳的民族基因中增强劳动意识，培育劳动素养；以革命文化为精神滋养，融合马克思主义劳动观，从革命故事中阐释奋斗精神，善用红色资源培育劳动精神；以社会主义先进文化为内在支撑，从中国发展进步的重大成就中领悟劳动价值，深化“劳动最光荣、劳动最崇高、劳动最伟大、劳动最美丽”的价值观念。

Emphasizing the role of extracurricular practice in enhancing labor skills. Extracurricular practice requires students to participate physically and mentally, using both hands and brain, enhancing problem-solving abilities in the process of trying and innovating, improving labor skills, and promoting comprehensive development. Higher education institutions should actively build on-campus and off-campus practice venues. Combining disciplinary characteristics, through activities such as internships, practical training, professional services, and campus innovation and entrepreneurship, allow students to personally experience the labor process and transform theoretical knowledge into labor achievements. Expand practice venues through multiple channels, leveraging local advantages to achieve resource sharing and openness. Establish stable experimental bases through school-enterprise cooperation, connecting with market demands, to improve the quality and efficiency of student practice activities. In addition, focus on constructing a comprehensive support system for extracurricular practice in labor education. Support practice activities through policy guarantees and funding investments to ensure the smooth conduct of activities. Focus on innovating practice activity models, breaking down disciplinary barriers, designing interdisciplinary project-based learning, enhancing students’ comprehensive abilities and innovative thinking, and ensuring the achievement of labor education goals.

重视课外实践提升劳动技能的作用。课外实践要求学生身心参与、手脑并用，在尝试与创新的过程中增强解决问题的能力，提升劳动技能，促进全面发展。高校应积极搭建校内校外实践场所。结合学科特点，通过实习实训、专业服务、校园创新创业等活动，让学生亲历劳动过程，把理论知识转化为劳动成果。多渠道拓展实践场所，借助本地优势实现资源开放共享。通过校企合作建立稳定的实验基地，接轨市场需求，为学生实践活动提质增效。此外，注重构建完善劳动教育课外实践的支持体系。通过政策保障和资金投入等方式支持实践活动，确保活动顺利开展。注重创新实践活动模式，打破学科壁垒，设计跨学科项目式学习，提升学生的综合能力和创新思维，确保劳动教育目标的达成。

Permeating labor education into all aspects of students’ lives, focusing on process-based education

将劳动教育渗透学生生活各方面，注重过程育人

Through labor education, multi-dimensionally temper students’ labor habits and labor abilities, focusing on improving their life skills and social adaptability, laying the foundation for students’ comprehensive physical and mental development.

通过劳动教育多维度锤炼学生劳动习惯和劳动能力，应注重提高其生活技能和社会适应能力，为学生身心全面发展奠定基础。

Strengthening students’ daily living labor on campus. Starting from life, allowing students to experience labor and recognize the true value of labor in practice is key to achieving deep internalization of labor education, helping to cultivate students’ self-discipline awareness and spirit of self-reliance and self-improvement on the basis of improving personal qualities and life skills. Through scientific management methods, help students cultivate good living habits, advancing labor education through subtle influence. Incorporate labor tasks such as room organization and sanitation cleaning into daily behavioral norms, and establish strict public living standards. Through regular evaluation and incentive mechanisms, stimulate students’ self-discipline awareness and sense of responsibility, enabling them to learn self-management through labor.

加强学生在校日常生活劳动。从生活出发，让学生在实践中体验劳动、体认劳动的本真价值，是实现劳动教育深度内化的关键，有助于在提高学生个人素质和生活技能的基础上，培养其自律意识及自立自强精神。通过科学的管理方法，帮助学生培养良好生活习惯，在潜移默化中推进劳动教育。将内务整理、卫生清洁等劳动任务纳入日常行为规范，并设立严明的公共生活标准，通过定期评价与激励机制，激发学生的自律意识与责任感，使之在劳动中学会自我管理。

Actively permeate labor education into campus cultural activities. Organize various themed lectures, such as sharing sessions with labor models and labor-story presentation contests, enabling students to internalize the labor spirit through listening and interaction and transform it into daily behavioral self-discipline. Through diversified activity designs, such as skills competitions and achievement exhibitions, integrate traditional labor skills with modern scientific and technological innovation, both stimulating students’ labor enthusiasm and innovative thinking and allowing them to experience the joy and value of labor in practice, so that labor education keeps pace with the times. By carrying out activities such as “Creative Workshops,” enable students to experience the beauty of labor and enhance their labor literacy. Guide students to participate in service-oriented labor, broaden channels for students to engage in public services such as social welfare undertakings and volunteer service, so that in the process of serving others and contributing to society, they deepen their understanding of the value of labor and form a positive labor attitude. Build an all-round, multi-level publicity network, make full use of online and offline platforms such as bulletin boards, cultural walls, and official WeChat accounts to strengthen the popularization and promotion of labor values, so that the labor spirit and value concepts are deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Centering on the annual cultivation goals, set up a labor week or labor month, and combine important festivals to carry out themed activities, making labor education more vivid and interesting.

在校园文化活动中积极渗透劳动教育。举办各类主题讲座，如劳动模范分享会、劳动故事宣讲竞赛等，让学生在聆听与互动中内化劳动精神，将其转化为日常的行为自觉。通过多元活动设计，如技能竞赛和成果展示，融合传统劳动技能与现代科技创新，既激发学生的劳动热情与创新思维，又在实践中体会劳动的乐趣与价值，使劳动教育与时俱进。通过开展“创意工坊”等活动，让学生体验劳动之美，提升劳动素养。引导学生参与服务性劳动，拓宽学生参与社会公益事业、志愿服务等公共服务的渠道，使之在服务他人、贡献社会的过程中，深化对劳动价值的认识，形成积极向上的劳动态度。构建全方位、多层次的宣传网络，充分利用宣传栏、文化墙、官微等线上线下平台，加强劳动价值观的普及宣传，使劳动精神与价值观念深入人心。围绕学年培养目标，设置劳动周或劳动月，并结合重要节日开展主题活动，使劳动教育更加生动有趣。

(Authors: Yang Rong and Yan Mengqi, respectively Researcher of the Hubei University Sub-center of the Hubei Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and Specially Appointed Researcher of the Hubei University Hubei Youth Ideological and Moral Research Center)

（作者：杨荣、颜梦淇，分别系湖北省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心湖北大学分中心研究员、湖北大学湖北青少年思想道德研究中心特约研究员）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧