New Advances in Research on Ideological and Political Education Methodology in the New Era

Ideological and political education methodology is a theoretical system concerning the methods of ideological and political education, and it is an important component of the disciplinary knowledge system of ideological and political education. Close attention to and critical reflection on ideological and political education methodology embody the in-depth investigation and theoretical self-awareness of the discipline of ideological and political education regarding the content of ideological and political education and its practical transformation. This is not only inherent in the ontological demand for the connotative development and innovative transformation of ideological and political education research, but also stems from the epochal requirements of practical reform and scientific development in ideological and political education. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping's leadership., the academic community has consistently adhered to methodological principles such as upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, problem orientation, and systematic thinking, conducting more in-depth research on ideological and political education methodology, publishing a series of high-level works, and issuing many influential academic papers. Therefore, a primary analysis of the current state of research on key domains and topics since the New Era will help to survey the theoretical frontiers and latest advances in research on ideological and political education methodology.

思想政治教育方法论是关于思想政治教育方法的理论体系，是思想政治教育学科知识体系的重要组成部分。对思想政治教育方法论的密切关注与探究审思，凝结了思想政治教育学科对思想政治教育内容与实践转化的深入考察与理论自觉。这不仅内蕴于思想政治教育研究内涵式发展和创新性转变的本体性需求，也源自思想政治教育实践变革和科学发展的时代性要求。党的十八大以来，学界始终坚持守正创新、问题导向、系统思维等方法论原则，围绕思想政治教育方法论开展了更加深入的研究，出版了系列高水平著作，发表了诸多颇具影响力的学术论文。因此，对新时代以来的重点论域和论题的研究现状作主要分析，将有助于揆诸思想政治教育方法论研究的理论前沿与最新进展。

I. Upholding Fundamental Principles and Breaking New Ground to Consolidate the Basic Theory of Ideological and Political Education Methodology

一、坚持守正创新夯实思想政治教育方法论基础理论

The primary focus of research on ideological and political education methodology in the New Era is to uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, continuing to deepen understanding of problem domains such as the basic concepts, historical development, construction of a "meta-theory," the theoretical underpinnings of methods, and the laws of their development and innovation in ideological and political education methodology. This aims to continuously expand the breadth and depth of methodological understanding, consolidate and strengthen the basic theory of methodology, strive to achieve "theoretical thoroughness," and enhance the theoretical explanatory power of methods.

新时代思想政治教育方法论研究的首要着力点是坚持守正创新，继续深化对思想政治教育方法论的基本概念、历史发展、“元理论”建构以及方法的理论支撑、发展创新规律等问题域的理解，不断拓展方法论认识的广度和深度，巩固夯实方法论基础理论，力求实现“理论彻底”，增强方法的理论解释力。

1. Scientifically Defining the Core Concepts of Ideological and Political Education Methodology. A scientific grasp of the conceptual categories of ideological and political education methodology is the starting point and important foundation for conducting research in this field. As scholars from different periods have deeply explored and revealed ideological and political education methodology, the understanding and definition of ideological and political education methods and methodology have gradually deepened and improved. On the one hand, entering the New Era, the conceptual definition of ideological and political education methods places greater emphasis on interactive exchange and joint participation between educators and educatees, highlights the mediating nature of methods, and clarifies the scope of extension of ideological and political education methods. In his book *Principles and Methods of Ideological and Political Education*, Luo Yuting defines ideological and political education methods as "the sum of the procedures, means, and methods adopted in the operation of ideological and political education, mainly referring to the thinking methods and working methods of ideological and political education, serving as the intermediary through which the subject of ideological and political education acts upon the object of ideological and political education." On the other hand, the conceptual definition of ideological and political education methodology increasingly emphasizes scientificity and appropriateness, and seeks a more accurate understanding and grasp of the substantive connotation of "methodology." Through comparative analysis with the concept of ideological and political education methods, scholars clarify the research object of methodology, highlight the guiding implications and theoretical connotations of methodology, and promote the improvement of the theoretical system of ideological and political education methodology. In his book *Introduction to Methods of Ideological and Political Education*, Xiang Jiuyu provides a comprehensive explanation of the meanings and characteristics of both ideological and political education methods and methodology, analyzes the connections and differences between methods and methodology, and points out that methodology "is a relatively systematic abstract summary and theoretical grasp of methods."

1.科学界定思想政治教育方法论的核心概念。对思想政治教育方法论概念范畴的科学把握是展开思想政治教育方法论研究的出发点和重要基础。随着不同时期的学者对思想政治教育方法论的深层次探索与揭示，对思想政治教育方法与方法论的理解与定义也在逐步深入和完善。一方面，进入新时代，思想政治教育方法的概念界定更加注重教育者与受教育者之间的互动交流与共同参与，强调方法的中介性，对思想政治教育方法外延范围更加明晰。骆郁廷在《思想政治教育原理与方法》一书中将思想政治教育方法定义为“思想政治教育运行中所采用的程序、手段和方式之和，主要指思想政治教育的思想方法和工作方法，是思想政治教育主体作用于思想政治教育客体的中介”。另一方面，思想政治教育方法论的概念界定更加强调科学性与适切性，愈加寻求对“方法论”内涵实质的准确理解和把握。学者们通过与思想政治教育方法概念的比较辨析，厘清方法论研究对象，突出方法论的指导意蕴与理论意涵，推动完善思想政治教育方法论理论体系。项久雨在《思想政治教育方法导论》一书中分别对思想政治教育方法与方法论的含义与特点进行了全面阐释，并剖析了方法与方法论之间的联系与区别，指出方法论“是对方法的相对系统的抽象总结与理论把握”。

2. Deepening and Expanding Research on the "Meta-Theory" of Ideological and Political Education Methodology. On the one hand, relevant research clarifies and reflects on the "meta-theory" of ideological and political education methodology. Lou Shuhua focuses on the "meta-theory" issue of ideological and political education methodology, systematically examining the core connotation, research object, research content, and the characteristics and value of "meta-theory" research in the New Era. She proposes that "meta-theory" research is essentially a scientific research methodology, a reflection and examination of methodological theory itself. She also focuses on analyzing and examining the modernity issue of ideological and political education methodology, further demonstrating the spiritual characteristics and operational modes of modern ideological and political education methodology, and promoting the modernization of ideological and political education methodology. On the other hand, relevant research conducts an in-depth analysis of the "meta-theory" issue of ideological and political education methods. Zhu Xinzhou systematically analyzes the "method laws" of ideological and political education. Tan Lin explores the basic laws of ideological and political education method innovation from the three major contradictions in the process of method innovation. Zhang Yixiang conducts systematic research on the "method innovation" issue of ideological and political education, exploring the development trends of ideological and political education method innovation from four dimensions: modernization, integration, penetration, and humanization.

2.深化拓展思想政治教育方法论的“元理论”研究。一方面，相关研究对思想政治教育方法论的“元理论”研究进行厘清与反思。娄淑华重点关注了思想政治教育方法论“元理论”问题，系统考察了方法论“元理论”的核心内涵、研究对象、研究内容以及新时代方法论“元理论”研究的特点和价值，提出“元理论”研究实质上是一种科学研究方法论，是对方法论理论本身的反思和检视。并着重分析和审视思想政治教育方法论现代性问题，进一步论证现代思想政治教育方法论的精神特质和运行方式，推进思想政治教育方法论实现现代化。另一方面，相关研究对思想政治教育方法的“元理论”问题进行深入剖析。朱新洲系统论析了思想政治教育“方法规律”问题。谭林从思想政治教育方法创新过程的三大矛盾中探究其基本规律。张毅翔对思想政治教育“方法创新”问题开展了系统研究，从现代化、综合化、渗透化和人文化四个维度深入探讨了思想政治教育方法创新的发展趋势。

3. Comprehensively Consolidating the Theoretical Support for Ideological and Political Education Methodology. Over the past decade, research on the theoretical principles of ideological and political education methodology has become more solid and refined, mainly exploring, analyzing, and elucidating from multiple aspects, including the classic works of Marxism, fine traditional Chinese culture, the ideological and political education theory of Chinese Communists, and relevant important expositions by Xi Jinping.

3.全面巩固思想政治教育方法论的理论支撑。近十年来，对思想政治教育方法论理论原理的研究更加扎实精进，主要从马克思主义经典著作、中华优秀传统文化、中国共产党人思想政治教育理论、习近平总书记相关重要论述等多个方面进行发掘、析理和阐释。

First, tracing the origins of the methodological principles and specific methods of ideological and political education contained in the classic works of Marxism, providing ideological principles and spiritual guidelines for the theoretical innovation and practical development of ideological and political education methodology in the New Era. Li Zheng, combining classic texts, summarizes the main methodological principles of Marxist ideological and political education, such as "convincing people with thorough theory, uniting people through criticism, influencing people with effective carriers, and moving people through profound practice," and proposes to conduct a modern examination and situational consideration of ideological and political education methods with a modern consciousness. Based on an interpretation of the text of *The German Ideology*, Guo Chao and Wang Xisheng deeply analyze the theoretical foundation of research on ideological and political education methodology from the dimensions of historical materialism, such as "real individuals," "history," and "practice." Second, exploring and verifying the sources of ideological and political education resources in fine traditional Chinese culture, extracting ideological and political education methods that can be applied in the present, consolidate the foundation, and open up new paths, seeking the theoretical sources of methods from ideological roots such as traditional culture and family traditions and instructions. Fu Linkai, starting from an analysis of ancient Chinese moral education methods, sorts out ideological and political education methods such as the method of custom edification, the method of preaching and announcement, and the method of self-cultivation. Zhao Lei and Li Jin systematically sort out the educational thoughts in the *Record on the Subject of Education* [2]2 *Record on the Subject of Education* (Xueji) is a classic Chinese text on education from the Warring States period, part of the *Book of Rites*., and, combining the content and characteristics of ideological and political education teaching, extract ideological and political education methods such as the joyful learning and travel teaching method, the mutual benefit teaching method, the inspiring reflection and debate teaching method, and the clarifying reasoning teaching method. Third, sorting out and summarizing the ideological and political education methods of Chinese Communists. The ideological and political education methods of Chinese Communists are formed and developed under the guidance of Marxism, following the laws of human social development, based on the overall situation of the times, and in the logical interaction between practical movements such as revolution, construction, and reform and the theoretical self-awareness of Chinese Communists. Luo Yuting and Chen Xingyao systematically sort out and summarize Mao Zedong's ideological and political education methods from seven aspects, including ideological guidance, mobilization and inspiration, integrating theory with practice, reasoning education, self-education, and role model guidance. Song Youwen and Ma Haonan, drawing from *On the Self-Cultivation of Communist Party Members* [3]3 *On the Self-Cultivation of Communist Party Members* is a 1939 work by Liu Shaoqi, a key CPC theorist, outlining the moral and political training required of Party members., excavate and analyze the art of ideological and political education methods such as the persuasion education method, the role construction method, and the language art method. Fourth, studying ideological and political education methodology from the relevant important expositions of Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping's series of important speeches and expositions on ideological and political education manifest his overall thinking and scientific planning for ideological and political education, providing fundamental guidance for theoretical research and practical development of ideological and political education in the New Era. Gong Zhijun and Niu Yuping systematically sort out the youth ideological and political education methodology contained in Xi Jinping's relevant important expositions, summarizing four dimensions of methodology: combining theoretical learning with practical exercise, combining self-cultivation with role model guidance, combining traditional methods with modern carriers, and combining serious education with vivid reasoning. Hao Danmei and Yang Wenxuan, integrating Xi Jinping's series of theoretical viewpoints on ideological and political education, concisely summarize ideological and political education methods such as combining diligent study with social practice, combining traditional education with effective use of online education, and combining criticism with self-criticism.

一是对马克思主义经典著作中蕴含的思想政治教育方法论原则以及具体方式方法进行追本溯源，为新时代思想政治教育方法论的理论创新和实践发展提供了思想原理和精神原则。李征结合经典文本总结出“以彻底的理论说服人、以批评的方式团结人、以有效的载体影响人和以深刻的实践感化人”等马克思主义思想政治教育的主要方法论原则，并提出要以现代意识对思想政治教育方法进行现代审视和境遇考量。郭超、王习胜基于《德意志意识形态》文本的诠释，从“现实的人”“历史”“实践”等唯物史观向度深入剖析了思想政治教育方法论研究的理论基础。二是对中华优秀传统文化中的思想政治教育资源进行探源求证，析取能够古为今用、固本开新的思想政治教育方法，从传统文化、家风家训等思想根源探寻方法的理论来源。傅琳凯从分析中国古代德育方法出发，梳理出风俗熏陶法、宣讲告示法、自我修养法等思想政治教育方法。赵磊、李琎系统梳理了《学记》中的教育思想，并结合思想政治教育教学内容和特点，提取了乐游学教学法、互善教学法、启思辨教学法、晓喻理教学法等思想政治教育方法。三是对中国共产党人的思想政治教育方法进行梳理和总结。中国共产党人的思想政治教育方法是以马克思主义为指导，遵循人类社会发展规律，立足于时代整体形势，在革命、建设、改革等实践运动与中国共产党人的思想理论自觉的逻辑互动中形成发展起来的。骆郁廷、陈兴耀从思想引导、动员启发、联系实际、说理教育、自我教育、榜样引导等七个方面系统梳理并总结概括了毛泽东的思想政治教育方法。宋友文、马浩男从《论共产党员的修养》中挖掘论析了说服教育法、角色建构法、语言艺术法等思想政治教育方法艺术。四是从习近平总书记相关重要论述中研究思想政治教育方法论。习近平关于思想政治教育系列重要讲话和论述，彰显了习近平对思想政治教育的总体思考和科学谋划，为新时代思想政治教育理论研究和实践发展提供了根本遵循。龚志军、牛玉萍系统梳理了习近平相关重要论述中蕴含的青年思想政治教育方法论，总结出坚持理论学习与实践锻炼相结合、坚持自我修养与榜样引领相结合、坚持传统方式与现代载体相结合、坚持严肃教育与生动说理相结合四个维度的方法论。郝丹梅、杨文选结合习近平关于思想政治教育的系列理论观点，凝练概括了坚持勤奋学习与社会实践相结合、坚持传统教育与有效利用网络教育、坚持批评与自我批评等思想政治教育方法。

4. Profoundly summarizing the historical development of the methodology of ideological and political education. The year 2014 marked the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the discipline of ideological and political education, 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, 2019 marked the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, 2021 marked the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, and 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the discipline of ideological and political education. These important temporal nodes have all provided significant opportunities for reviewing the course and summarizing the experience of the methodology of ideological and political education, giving rise to numerous macro-narrative research achievements that offer a historical overview of the methodology of ideological and political education. First, from a research perspective, the course of research on the methodology of ideological and political education is reviewed and reflected upon, grasping the theoretical prospects of methods and providing important guidance for practical development. On the occasions of the 30th and 40th anniversaries of the establishment of the discipline of ideological and political education, Wan Meirong systematically summarized and reflected on the progress of methodological research, existing problems, and the basic direction for future deepening and expansion, profoundly elucidating the mission and tasks of research on the methodology of ideological and political education in the New Era. Second, from a process perspective, the historical development of methods of ideological and political education is examined and sorted out, summarizing the basic experience and fine traditions of method development, providing a theoretical reference for method innovation and application in the New Era. She Shuanghao and Zhang Qiru systematically sorted out the century-long historical process of the methods of ideological and political education of the Communist Party of China, summarized the basic characteristics, experience, and lessons of the methods of ideological and political education in each historical period, and elucidated the important value and inspiration of the evolution and changes in each stage for the innovative development of methods in the New Era.

4.深刻总结思想政治教育方法论的历史发展。2014年是思想政治教育学科建立30周年，2018年是改革开放40周年，2019年是新中国成立70周年，2021年是中国共产党百年华诞，2024年是思想政治教育学科成立40周年，这些重要的时间节点都为思想政治教育方法论的历程回顾和经验总结提供了重要契机，涌现了众多关于思想政治教育方法论历史性梳理的宏观叙事研究成果。一是从研究视角对思想政治教育方法论研究历程进行回顾审思，把握方法理论前瞻，为实践发展提供重要指导。在思想政治教育学科成立30周年和40周年之际，万美容对方法论研究进展、存在问题以及未来继续深化拓展的基本走向进行了系统总结与反思展望，深刻阐明了新时代思想政治教育方法论研究的使命任务。二是从过程视角对思想政治教育方法的历史发展进行梳理考察，总结方法发展的基本经验和优秀传统，为新时代方法创新和运用提供理论参照。佘双好、张琪如系统梳理了中国共产党思想政治教育方法的百年历史过程，总结了每一历史时期思想政治教育方法的基本特征与经验教训，并阐发了每一阶段的演进变迁对新时代方法创新发展的重要价值与启示。

II. Adhering to a Problem-Oriented Approach to Directly Confront New Problems in the Development of the Methodology of Ideological and Political Education

二、坚持问题导向直面思想政治教育方法论发展新问题

Research on the methodology of ideological and political education in the New Era must be based on the state of people's ideological concepts and the reality of contemporary Chinese social development, adhere to a problem-oriented approach centered on development issues in theory and practice, achieve theoretical innovation in methods and practical capability reform, and thereby enhance the problem-solving capacity of methods. Over the past decade, focusing on the interwoven old and new problems in the practical process and adapting to the new requirements of the times, research on the methodology of ideological and political education has mainly concentrated on topics such as exploring the transformation of informatization and digital methods centered on big data, deepening the reform and innovation of teaching methods in ideological and political theory courses, and the development and application of specific practical methods.

新时代思想政治教育方法论研究要立足于人的思想观念状况和当代中国社会发展现实，坚持以理论与实践中的发展问题为导向，实现方法理论创新、实践能力革新，以提升方法的解题能力。近十年来，聚焦实践过程中交织的新老问题，适应时代发展的新要求，思想政治教育方法论研究主要集中在探索以大数据为核心的信息化、数字化方法转型，深化思政课教学方法改革创新以及具体实践方法的发展运用等论题。

1. Consciously exploring big data methods for ideological and political education. The development of modern information technologies such as big data, blockchain, and cloud computing has not only triggered fundamental changes in thinking, opened up new horizons, and altered the practical field and work patterns of ideological and political education, but has also brought revolutionary technical means to the methods of ideological and political education, promoting the digital transformation of these methods. On the one hand, the deep integration of big data with the methods of ideological and political education and its innovative pathways have been extensively discussed. She Shuanghao and Kang Chao proposed that the deep integration of big data methods with ideological and political education forms big data methods for ideological and political education, and they emphatically elucidated the connotation, characteristics, and application space of these big data methods. Liu Hongda systematically studied the deep integration of big data with quantitative and qualitative analysis methods in ideological and political education, and deeply analyzed the innovative logical method construction of big data analysis in ideological and political education. Cui Jianxi and Zou Shaoqing, combining the new characteristics and new requirements of method innovation in ideological and political education in the era of big data, integrated big data with the methods of ideological and political education, proposing innovative approaches such as information selection methods, information dissemination methods, and information feedback methods for ideological and political education based on big data. On the other hand, the practical application of big data empowering the methods of ideological and political education has been deeply explored. Huang Xinrong proposed using big data to scientifically understand and precisely grasp the ideological and behavioral dynamics of college students, thereby innovating research on the methodology of ideological and political education. Zhao Jun argued that big data has brought fundamental methodological changes to ideological and political education, proposing to achieve innovative application of big data to the methods of ideological and political education through optimizing MOOCs and promoting platforms like YiBan. [4]4 YiBan is a university-oriented online community platform in China, used for student management and ideological education. In addition, the academic community has held multiple related academic forums and conferences, focusing on in-depth discussions on the integration and innovation of big data with ideological and political education. In particular, the academic forum "Big Data and Innovation in Ideological and Political Education" has been successfully held six times, focusing on how to use big data and new technologies in the New Era to enhance the pertinence, timeliness, and effectiveness of ideological and political education, thereby promoting the innovative development of its methods.

1.自觉探索大数据思想政治教育方法。大数据、区块链、云计算等现代信息技术的发展，不仅引发了思维上的根本变革，开拓了新视野，改变了思想政治教育实践场域和工作样态，也为思想政治教育方法带来了革命性的技术手段，推动思想政治教育方法的数字化转型。一方面，广泛探讨大数据与思想政治教育方法深度融合及其创新路径问题。佘双好、康超提出大数据方法与思想政治教育深度融合形成了思想政治教育大数据方法，并着重阐释了思想政治教育大数据方法的内涵、特征及运用空间。刘宏达系统研究了大数据与思想政治教育在定量分析、定性分析方法上的深度融合，深入剖析了思想政治教育大数据分析的创新逻辑方法建构。崔建西、邹绍清结合大数据时代思想政治教育方法创新的新特点与新要求，将大数据与思想政治教育方法融合，提出了基于大数据的思想政治教育信息选择方法、信息传播方法、信息反馈方法等创新方式。另一方面，深入探索大数据赋能思想政治教育方法的实践应用问题。黄欣荣提出运用大数据科学认识并精准把握大学生思想行为动态，创新思想政治教育方法论研究。赵浚认为大数据为思想政治教育带来了根本性的方法变革，提出通过优化慕课、推广易班等形式实现大数据对思想政治教育方法的创新应用。此外，学界还召开了多次相关学术论坛与学术会议，聚焦大数据与思想政治教育融合创新问题进行了深度研讨，尤其是“大数据与思想政治教育创新”学术论坛已成功举办六届，聚焦新时代如何运用大数据、新技术增强思想政治教育针对性、时效性与实效性，助推思想政治教育方法创新发展。

2. Innovating and optimizing teaching methods for ideological and political theory courses. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [5]5 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping's leadership. Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the construction and development of ideological and political theory courses. On the one hand, Xi Jinping has successively inspected and researched multiple schools, convened various major meetings, and delivered a series of important speeches, repeatedly emphasizing the need to promote reform and innovation in ideological and political theory courses. On the other hand, the Party and the state have issued multiple policy documents, deploying and implementing the "Merit-Based Promotion Plan" for the reform project of teaching methods in ideological and political theory courses in higher education institutions, promoting the empowerment of teaching methods by modern information technologies such as artificial intelligence, comprehensively advancing the construction of "grand ideological and political theory courses," and the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses across primary, secondary, and higher education. [6]6 "Grand ideological and political theory courses" (大思政课) refers to a holistic approach integrating ideological education across all subjects and extracurricular activities, not just formal courses. First, the reform and innovation of teaching methods in ideological and political theory courses are grasped and discussed from the overall perspective of teaching methodology. Li Ping and Zhang Yanhong proposed that the reform of teaching methods must take the realization of teaching objectives as its fundamental purpose, be designed based on the special nature and teaching content of ideological and political theory courses, as well as the psychological characteristics and practical needs of contemporary college students, with the key lying in transforming the concept of teaching methods at the top-level design level. Second, the teaching methods of ideological and political theory courses are deepened, expanded, and integrated innovatively. The deepening advancement of reform and innovation in teaching methods of ideological and political theory courses places greater emphasis on adopting diversified and comprehensive teaching methods to fully leverage students' subjectivity. Related research has systematically studied the comprehensive and coordinated development of teaching methods such as "thematic teaching," "segmented teaching," "experiential teaching," "practical teaching," and "blended teaching," and has conducted specific analysis and application discussions on methods such as "group research study," "scenario presentation," "topic discussion," and "classroom debate." Third, the application of network information technology and new media in teaching methods is deeply explored. Related research combines the development of information technology with the requirements of the New Era, exploring the deep integration of information technologies such as big data, "Internet+," and "artificial intelligence" with teaching methods of ideological and political theory courses, such as flipped classroom teaching methods and virtual simulation experimental teaching methods, presenting new forms of teaching methods for ideological and political theory courses in the New Era. At the same time, it explores practical topics such as extending teaching through new media carriers like Weibo, WeChat, MOOCs, and Douyin, [7]7 Douyin is the Chinese version of TikTok, a short-video social media platform. expanding teaching through online platforms, optimizing the production of multimedia courseware, and promoting the co-construction and sharing of teaching resources.

2.创新优化思想政治理论课教学方法。党的十八大以来，习近平高度重视思政课建设和发展，一方面，习近平先后考察调研多所学校，召开各项重大会议，并发表系列重要讲话，反复强调要推进思政课改革创新；另一方面，党和国家出台多项政策文件，部署实施高校思政课教学方法改革项目“择优推广计划”，推动人工智能等现代信息技术赋能教学方法，全面推进“大思政课”建设、大中小学思政课一体化建设等。一是从教学方法论层面整体把握和探讨思政课教学方法改革创新问题。李萍、张艳红提出教学方法改革须以实现教学目的为根本宗旨，依据思政课的特殊性质、教学内容，当代大学生的心理特点和现实需要进行设计，关键在于变革顶层设计层面的教学方法观。二是深化拓展和集成创新思政课教学方法。思政课教学方法改革创新的深入推进，更加强调采用多样化、综合化的教学方法，充分发挥学生主体性。相关研究围绕“专题式教学”“分众式教学”“体验式教学”“实践性教学”“混合性教学”等教学方法的综合协同发展开展了系统研究，对“小组研学”“情景展示”“课题研讨”“课堂辩论”等方式方法进行了具体分析和运用探讨。三是深层次探讨推进网络信息技术和新媒体在教学方法中的应用问题。相关研究将信息技术发展与新时代要求相结合，探索大数据、“互联网+”“人工智能”等信息技术与思政课教学方法的深度整合，如翻转课堂教学法、虚拟仿真实验教学法等，展现新时代思政课教学方法的新样态，同时探讨了以微博、微信、慕课、抖音等新媒体为载体延伸教学，以网络为平台拓展教学，优化多媒体课件制作，推动教学资源共建共享等现实课题。

3. Deepening the Application of Specific Methods of Ideological and Political Education. The practical innovation of more than a decade in the New Era has not only nurtured theoretical achievements in the methods of ideological and political education but also promoted the scholarly elevation and contemporary development of method research, thereby enhancing the practical guidance and deepened application of methodology. First, it comprehensively analyzes the emergence, development, and application mechanisms of specific methods of ideological and political education, enriching and perfecting basic method theory. Examples include *On the Main Methods of Marxist Ideological and Political Education*, *Research on the Theory and Practice of Methods of Ideological and Political Education*, and *Research on the Theory and Practice of Methods of Ideological and Political Education for College Students*. Among these, Wang Ping identifies and establishes twelve main methods of Marxist ideological and political education, systematically expounding the connotation of each method, its position in the method system, main functions, theoretical foundations, formation process, and other theoretical issues, while conducting in-depth research and discussion on specific methods and their application. Second, it specifically dissects and interprets a certain basic method of ideological and political education, expanding the space for method improvement and optimization, and exploring innovative application of methods. For example, some studies have excavated and analyzed Xi Jinping’s innovative application of specific methods of ideological and political education. You Zhichun and Ma Jianqing argue that Xi Jinping’s repeated letters to youth constitute an effective means of guiding and educating young people; Hu Yihua and Du Min analyze how Xi Jinping’s art of using classical allusions [8]8 Xi Jinping’s use of classical allusions (用典) refers to his frequent citation of ancient Chinese literary, historical, and philosophical texts in speeches and writings, a rhetorical technique intended to lend cultural authority and moral weight to political messages. innovates methods of ideological and political education. Third, it conducts interdisciplinary cross-analysis of the effective borrowing, absorption, and transformation of methods of ideological and political education, promoting method optimization and innovation. Related research mainly focuses on the cross-integration analysis of methods of ideological and political education with methods from disciplines such as sociology, psychology, and aesthetics, as well as interdisciplinary research exploration with methods from linguistics, narratology, ecology, cognitive neuroscience, and other fields.

3.拓深运用思想政治教育具体方法。新时代十余年来的实践创新，不仅涵育了思想政治教育方法理论成果，也推动了方法研究的学理提升和时代发展，这增强了方法论的现实指导和拓深运用。一是全面论析思想政治教育具体方法发生、发展及其运用机理，丰富完善基本方法理论。如《马克思主义思想政治教育主要方法论》，《思想政治教育方法理论与实务研究》，《大学生思想政治教育方法的理论与实践研究》等。其中，王平析取确定了十二种马克思主义思想政治教育主要方法，系统阐述了每一种方法的内涵、在方法体系中的地位、主要功能、理论基础、形成过程等理论问题，并对具体方法及其运用做了深入研究与探讨。二是具体剖析和解读思想政治教育某一种基础方法，拓展方法的改进和优化空间，探讨方法的创新运用。例如，有研究对习近平关于思想政治教育具体方法的创新运用进行了挖掘分析。游志纯、马建青认为，习近平多次给青年回信，这是引领青年、教育青年的有效方；胡艺华、杜敏分析了习近平用典艺术对思想政治教育方法的拓新。三是跨学科交叉分析研究思想政治教育方法的有效借鉴、吸收与转化，促进方法优化创新。相关研究主要集中在思想政治教育方法与社会学、心理学、美学等学科方法的交叉融合分析，以及与语言学、叙事学、生态学、认知神经科学等学科方法的跨学科研究探索。

3. Adhering to Systematic Thinking to Construct a Knowledge System of the Methodology of Ideological and Political Education

三、坚持系统思维构建思想政治教育方法论知识体系

Research on the methodology of ideological and political education adheres to the use of systematic thinking, exploring and innovating the construction of a scientific and reasonable knowledge system of methodology. This mainly includes key discussions and overall enhancement of the theoretical system construction centered on “deepening the internal structural hierarchy” and the supporting system construction centered on “innovation in research methods.”

思想政治教育方法论研究坚持运用系统思维，探索和创新构建科学合理的方法论知识体系，主要包括对以“内在结构层次深化”为核心的理论体系建构和以“研究方法发展创新”为核心的支撑体系建构的重点探讨和整体提升。

1. Deeply Advancing the Systematic Construction of the Methodology of Ideological and Political Education. The systematic construction of the methodology of ideological and political education has successively undergone development processes such as a methodology system based on the theory of activity processes, a methodology system based on epistemology, a methodology system based on the theory of contradiction transformation, and a methodology system based on the “theory of strategic guidance.” [9]9 The “theory of strategic guidance” (战略制导论) is a concept in Chinese ideological and political education methodology that emphasizes the directional and guiding role of overarching strategies in the design and implementation of educational methods. In the past decade, researchers have continuously explored and deepened research on the methodology system in line with the requirements of the times. On the one hand, a comprehensive exploration and profound reflection on the construction of a methodology system for ideological and political education in the New Era has been conducted from a “methodological” perspective. Zou Shaoqing, taking the “complex system theory” as a logical starting point, deeply analyzes the connotation of constructing the methodology system of ideological and political education, clarifies the development trends of the system and the scientific basis for its construction, proposes using systematic thinking to integrate the construction of the methodology system, following the system’s own development laws, grasping the internal hierarchical structure of the system, and constructing a contemporary methodology system of ideological and political education encompassing “a subsystem of categories, a subsystem of theoretical foundations and theoretical references, a subsystem of values, a subsystem of rules for method application, a subsystem of methods of ideological and political education, and a subsystem of research methods.” Xu Quanlin conducts an in-depth examination and analysis of whether the construction of the methodology system of ideological and political education is necessary and whether it should be scientized or disciplinized, arguing that the construction of the methodology system cannot achieve scientization but has shown a tendency toward “disciplinization.” On the other hand, the hierarchical structure of the methodology system of ideological and political education has been deeply discussed and systematically constructed. Meng Ting and Zhang Shujun, by exploring the components of the methodology system of ideological and political education and the primary-secondary relationships among these components, propose constructing a methodology system integrating research methodology of ideological and political education, the theory of methods themselves, and specific methodologies. Hu Xinhong and Wang Xisheng argue that the hierarchy of the methodology of ideological and political education has internal and external distinctions; the external hierarchy includes research methods and work methods, while the internal hierarchy can be divided into “discourse on methods—methodology—science of methods.”

1.深入推进思想政治教育方法论的体系建构。思想政治教育方法论的体系建构研究先后经历了基于活动过程论的方法论体系、基于认识论的方法论体系、基于矛盾转化论的方法论体系、基于“战略制导论”的方法论体系等发展过程。近十年来，研究者们结合时代要求，持续探索并不断深化方法论体系研究。一方面，对构建新时代思想政治教育方法论体系进行了“方法论”意义上的全面探析与深刻省思。邹绍清以“复杂系统论”为逻辑基点，深入分析思想政治教育方法论体系建构的内涵，明晰体系发展趋势及其建构的科学依据，提出用系统思维统整方法论体系建构，遵循体系自身发展规律，把握体系内在层次结构，构建涵括“范畴子系统、理论基础和理论借鉴子系统、价值子系统、方法运用规则子系统、思想政治教育方法子系统、研究方法子系统”的当代思想政治教育方法论体系。许全林对思想政治教育方法论体系建构有无必要、应该科学化还是学科化进行深入审视和分析，认为思想政治教育方法论体系建构无法实现科学化，但已出现“学科化”趋向。另一方面，对思想政治教育方法论体系的层次结构进行了深入探讨和系统建构。孟婷、张澍军通过探寻思想政治教育方法论体系的组成部分以及各部分之间的主次关系，提出建构以思想政治教育研究方法论、方法本身的理论和具体方法论为一体的方法论体系。胡心红、王习胜认为思想政治教育方法论层次性有内外之分，外部层次包括研究方法与工作方法，内部层次可以分为“论方法—方法论—方法学”。

2. Continuously Deepening Research on Research Methods of Ideological and Political Education. Since the New Era, research on the methodology of ideological and political education has increasingly focused on and attached importance to solving core problems of research methods and research paradigms, yielding many important research results and demonstrating a high degree of methodological self-awareness in the discipline of ideological and political education. First, it explores the construction of research paradigms for ideological and political education. Zhang Yaocan, from a holistic perspective, sorts out and analyzes the basic issues of research paradigms in ideological and political education, distinguishes and compares Chinese and Western research paradigms, clarifies the disciplinary positioning of Chinese research paradigms in ideological and political education, and proposes optimizing the structure of the scientific community, perfecting the theoretical framework, integrating disciplinary backgrounds, clarifying the method system, defining the discourse system, and connecting social construction as research paradigms. Second, it deepens research on specific research methods of ideological and political education. Hou Yong and Ye Fangxing respectively discuss the theoretical implications and practical essentials of methods such as interest analysis and oral history research, expanding the research perspectives and methods of ideological and political education. Liu Jianjun, Yu Wenli, and Wang Shuyin respectively systematically analyze the theoretical research methods, textual research methods, and historical research methods of ideological and political education, elucidating the basic connotations and characteristics of these three research methods, and providing preliminary answers on how to apply these research methods. Third, it reflects on the methodology of research in ideological and political education. Yu Ying proposes enhancing the standardization of the application of Marxism in ideological and political education research, deeply discussing the generation and perfection of methodological norms for the application of Marxism within a holistic perspective, practical thinking mode, and concept of pluralistic integration. Shan Wenpeng argues that the basic connotation of research methods in ideological and political education should be grasped, similar concepts should be distinguished, the intrinsic essence should be clarified, and research should be strengthened on the formation, change, and development laws of research methods, their functional characteristics and internal connections, and development trends. Fourth, it summarizes and reviews the development status of research methods in ideological and political education. Zhang Yu summarizes and reviews the overall status of research methods in ideological and political education from 2009 to 2018, pointing out that Marxist philosophical methodology should be used as a guide, advocating the integration of speculative research and empirical research, promoting the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, and achieving diversity, appropriateness, and standardization in the selection and application of methods, thereby further advancing the development of research methods in ideological and political education.

2.持续深化思想政治教育研究方法研究。新时代以来，思想政治教育方法论研究愈加关注和重视对研究方法及研究范式核心问题的破解，产生了诸多重要研究成果，彰显了思想政治教育学科高度的方法论自觉。一是探讨思想政治教育研究范式建构问题。张耀灿从整体性视野出发梳理和分析了思想政治教育研究范式的基本问题，辨析比较了中西方研究范式，明确中国思想政治教育研究范式的学科定位，并提出了优化科学共同体结构、完善理论框架、融合学科背景、廓清方法系统、明确话语体系、贯通社会建设等研究范式。二是深化思想政治教育具体研究方法问题。侯勇、叶方兴分别探讨了利益分析法、口述史研究法等的理论意蕴与实践要领，拓展了思想政治教育研究视角和研究方法。刘建军、宇文利、王树荫分别对思想政治教育的理论研究方法、文本研究方法和历史研究方法进行了系统论析，阐明了这三个研究方法的基本内涵和特征，并就如何运用这些研究方法做了初步解答。三是审思思想政治教育研究方法论问题。虞滢提出要提升思想政治教育研究中马克思主义运用的规范性，深入探讨了在整体性视野、实践论思维方式、多元融合理念中生成和完善马克思主义运用的方法论规范问题。单文鹏认为应把握思想政治教育研究方法基本内涵、辨析相近概念、明晰内在本质，并在研究方法的形成、变化与发展规律，功能特点和内在联系以及发展趋势等方面强化研究。四是总结梳理思想政治教育研究方法的发展现状。张瑜总结梳理了2009—2018年间思想政治教育研究方法总体现状，指出要以马克思主义哲学方法论为指导，倡导思辨研究和实证研究相融合，主张量化与质性相结合，并在方法的选择运用过程中做到多元、适切、规范等，进一步推进思想政治教育研究方法发展。

Source: *School Party Building and Ideological Education*, December 10, 2024

文章来源：《学校党建与思想教育》2024年12月10日

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆