A Multi-Domain Examination of the Forty-Year Transformation of the Ideological and Political Education Specialty and Discipline

The year 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the ideological and political education specialty. As an original concept and identifying discourse in the field of philosophy and social sciences in China, ideological and political education can usually be interpreted from four dimensions: practice, theory, discipline, and specialty. Over the past 40 years, the academic community has reached a general consensus on the distinction and connection between the practice of ideological and political education and the theory of ideological and political education. It is held that: ideological and political education as practice refers to a planned, purposeful social practice activity carried out by a certain class, political party, or group since the advent of class society, aimed at disseminating the ideology it advocates so that it is widely accepted by people and guides them to form corresponding ideological and political qualities; ideological and political education as theory refers to a systematic scientific theoretical system, formed on the basis of the practical activities of Marxist ideological and political education carried out by the proletarian political party, especially the Communist Party of China, which summarizes the principles, academic principles, and philosophical principles of ideological and political education. Regarding the relationship between the two, the theory of ideological and political education originates from the practice of ideological and political education and is a summary, refinement, and sublimation of the experience of that practice; the theory of ideological and political education guides and leads the practice of ideological and political education, and is continuously optimized and enriched in the course of the practice's development; the two complement and interact with each other, playing different roles and achieving a dialectical unity in jointly promoting ideological and political education to adapt to and promote, guarantee and serve economic and social development. However, the academic community holds some differing views on the distinction and connection between the specialty of ideological and political education and the discipline of ideological and political education: from a subject perspective, there are mainly views such as "the specialty is subordinate to the discipline," "the discipline serves the specialty," and "the specialty and the discipline are independent yet closely related"; from a genetic perspective, there are mainly views such as "the establishment of the specialty preceded the founding of the discipline," "the founding of the discipline preceded the establishment of the specialty," and "the establishment of the specialty and the founding of the discipline occurred simultaneously"; from a developmental perspective, there are mainly views such as "specialty construction guides discipline construction," "discipline construction leads specialty construction," and "specialty construction and discipline construction are advanced as one." From this, it appears that clarifying the key to the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education lies in clearly answering the fundamental question: "What are the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education, and what are they to do?" Lenin pointed out in his *Conspectus of Hegel's Book The Science of Logic* that cognition "is not a simple, direct, complete reflection, but a series of processes of abstraction, i.e., the formation and development of concepts, laws, etc." Following this basic principle of Marxist epistemology, it is necessary, based on a subject, historical, and forward-looking perspective, to reveal the implications of the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education and their logical connection at the conceptual level, to review and summarize the 40-year transformation process of the specialty and discipline and their mutual consideration, to outline and envision the forward goals of the specialty and discipline on the new journey and the effective measures for their advancement, to clearly answer the fundamental questions of "what is the subject," "how did it come about," and "where is it heading" for the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education, to achieve the purpose of comprehensive analysis and systematic clarification, dispelling doubts and clarifying the truth, and to consolidate the foundation, enlighten wisdom, empower, and increase efficiency for the high-quality development of ideological and political education in the New Era and the new journey.

2024年是思想政治教育专业设置40周年。思想政治教育作为我国哲学社会科学领域中的一个原创性概念、标识性话语，通常可从实践、理论、学科、专业四个维度释义。40年来，学界对思想政治教育实践与思想政治教育理论的区别与联系达成普遍共识，认为：作为实践的思想政治教育，是指人类进入阶级社会以来一定的阶级、政党或集团将自己所倡导的意识形态予以播化，使之为人们广泛接受并引导人们形成相应的思想政治素质而开展的一项有计划、有目的的社会实践活动；作为理论的思想政治教育，是指无产阶级政党特别是中国共产党在进行马克思主义思想政治教育实践活动基础上概括形成的关于思想政治教育道理学理哲理等的系统化的科学理论体系。就二者关系而言，思想政治教育理论源自思想政治教育实践，是关于思想政治教育实践经验的概括总结、凝练升华；思想政治教育理论指导引领思想政治教育实践，并在思想政治教育实践的前行发展中不断优化、持续丰富；二者相辅相成、彼此作用，在共同推动思想政治教育适应和促进、保证和服务经济社会发展的过程中发挥不同功效、实现辩证统一。然而，学界对思想政治教育专业与思想政治教育学科的区别与联系持有一些不同见解：从主体论角度看，主要有“专业隶属于学科”“学科服务于专业”“专业与学科相互独立且紧密关联”等观点；从发生论角度看，主要有“专业设置先于学科创立”“学科创立先于专业设置”“专业设置与学科创立一体共诞”等观点；从发展论角度看，主要有“专业建设导向学科建设”“学科建设引领专业建设”“专业建设与学科建设一体推进”等观点。由此看来，厘清辨明思想政治教育专业与学科的关键在于回答清楚“思想政治教育专业与学科是什么、要干什么”这一根本问题。列宁在《黑格尔〈逻辑学〉一书摘要》中指出，认识“并不是简单的、直接的、完整的反映，而是一系列的抽象过程，即概念、规律等等的构成、形成过程”。遵循这一马克思主义认识论基本原理，有必要基于主体、历史和前瞻视域，在从概念层面揭示思想政治教育专业与学科的蕴义所指及二者逻辑关联的基础上，回溯总结40年来思想政治教育专业与学科的变革历程及二者的彼此关照，擘画展望新征程上思想政治教育专业与学科的前行目标及二者前行的有效举措，回答清楚思想政治教育专业与学科“主体谓何”“如何而来”“往何发展”等本源性问题，达成全面厘析、系统辨明，释疑解惑、明理正道之目的，为新时代新征程思想政治教育实现高质量发展固本启智、赋能增效。

I. From a Subject Perspective: The Rich Implications of the Specialty and Discipline of Ideological and Political Education

一、基于主体视域：思想政治教育专业与学科的丰富蕴义

"Implication" generally refers to the meaning and direction inherently accumulated and contained within a thing, embodied as the sum of concept definition, core essence, and main import. Marxism holds that the various elements within things and between things are in a state of interaction, universal connection, movement, and development. "When we consider nature, human history, or our own spiritual activity through thought, the first picture presented to us is one of an endless interweaving of connections and interactions." Considering the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education from a subject perspective aims to clearly analyze the respective implications of the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education and the logical connection between them, in order to holistically and dialectically answer the question of "what is the subject" of the specialty and discipline of ideological and political education.

蕴义一般指事物本身积聚蕴含的要义指向，体现为概念界定、核心要义、主旨蕴含等的总和。马克思主义认为，事物内部各要素之间以及事物之间处在相互作用、普遍联系、运动发展之中，“当我们通过思维来考察自然界或人类历史或我们自己的精神活动的时候，首先呈现在我们眼前的，是一幅由种种联系和相互作用无穷无尽地交织起来的画面”。立足主体视域思考思想政治教育专业与学科，旨在阐析清楚思想政治教育专业与学科各自的蕴义所指以及二者之间的逻辑关联，以期整体地、辩证地回答清楚思想政治教育专业与学科“主体谓何”的问题。

1. The Implications of the Specialty of Ideological and Political Education

1.思想政治教育专业的蕴义所指

The *Cihai* [n] dictionary provides three definitions for the term "specialty": first, "in education, it refers to a category of academic studies established by institutions of higher education or secondary specialized schools according to the division of labor in society"; second, "in the industrial sector, it refers to the various business parts divided according to the different processes of product production"; third, "it refers to being specially engaged in a certain occupation." The term "ideological and political education specialty" should be classified under the first definition of "specialty," essentially being a type of academic category. Thus, "ideological and political education specialty" can be defined as follows: the ideological and political education specialty refers to a type of academic category established by regular institutions of higher education in China according to the social division of labor and to meet the training needs for specialized talents engaged in ideological and political work. This can be understood from perspectives such as "why it was established," "what its tasks are," and "how it is constructed."

《辞海》对“专业”一词的释义有三：一是“在教育上，指高等学校或中等专业学校根据社会专业分工的需要设立的学业类别”；二是“产业部门中根据产品生产的不同过程而分成的各业务部分”；三是“专门从事某项职业的”。“思想政治教育专业”一词理应归位于“专业”的第一种释义，从本质上来说是一种学业类别。由此可对“思想政治教育专业”作这样的界定：思想政治教育专业指我国普通高等学校根据社会专业分工、适应对从事思想政治工作专门人才的培养需要而设立的一种学业门类。对此可从“缘何设置”“任务是何”“如何建设”等角度予以理解。

First, regarding the social motivation for establishing the specialty, the ideological and political education specialty originated from the urgent need for specialized talents in ideological and political work following the reform and opening up of the economy and society. After the historic decision to implement reform and opening up was made at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC in December 1978, the advancement of economic work and other work required a large number of specialized talents for ideological and political work, thus raising the practical demand to "strive to cultivate a large number of skilled ideological and political workers and a large number of experts proficient in ideological and political work." This became the direct social motivation for establishing the ideological and political education specialty. Second, regarding the central task of running the specialty, the ideological and political education specialty shoulders the central task of transforming the theoretical knowledge of ideological and political education into the expertise and skills of ideological and political work experts. It requires systematic training of the educational targets, enabling undergraduates to "master basic theories, specialized knowledge, and basic skills," master's degree students to "master solid basic theories and systematic specialized knowledge," and doctoral students to "master solid and comprehensive basic theories and systematic in-depth specialized knowledge," meeting the degree-granting conditions at different levels. Third, regarding the form of specialty construction, the ideological and political education specialty is embodied as an organizational form composed of several courses. The *Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China* clearly stipulates that "completing the prescribed courses within the prescribed duration of study" is a necessary condition for students in institutions of higher education to be eligible for graduation. Following this requirement, the ideological and political education specialty embodies its construction as an organizational form composed of general education courses, compulsory specialized courses in ideological and political education, and specialized elective courses.

第一，从专业设置的社会动因来看，思想政治教育专业肇始于改革开放后经济社会发展对从事思想政治工作专门人才的迫切需求。1978年12月党的十一届三中全会作出实行改革开放的历史性决策后，经济工作和其他工作的推进需要大量从事思想政治工作的专门人才，因而提出了“努力造就一大批思想政治工作能手，一大批精通思想政治工作的专家”的现实要求。这成为设置思想政治教育专业的直接社会动因。第二，从专业办学的中心任务来看，思想政治教育专业肩负着思想政治教育理论知识向思想政治工作能手专家素养技能转化的中心任务，要求将教育对象进行系统培养，使本科生达到“较好地掌握基础理论、专门知识和基本技能”，硕士研究生达到“掌握坚实的基础理论和系统的专门知识”，博士研究生达到“掌握坚实全面的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识”等不同层面上的学位授予条件。第三，从专业建设的形式来看，思想政治教育专业体现为若干课程构成的组织形式。《中华人民共和国高等教育法》明确规定，“在规定的修业年限内学完规定的课程”是高等学校学生准予毕业的必要条件。思想政治教育专业遵循这一要求，将专业建设体现为一种由通识教育课程和思想政治教育类专业必修课程、专业选修课程等构成的组织形式。

2. The Implications of the Discipline of Ideological and Political Education

2.思想政治教育学科的蕴义所指

The *Cihai* dictionary provides two definitions for the term "discipline": first, "the classification of scholarship," "referring to a branch of a certain scientific field or a certain science"; second, "the abbreviation for 'teaching subject'." The term "ideological and political education discipline" should be classified under the first definition of "discipline," essentially being a result of academic classification. Thus, the "ideological and political education discipline" can be defined as follows: the ideological and political education discipline is an academic classification in the field of philosophy and social sciences in China that specifically studies the formation and development of people's ideological and political qualities and their education and guidance, as well as the characteristics and laws of ideological and political education adapting to and promoting, guaranteeing and serving economic and social development. This can be understood from perspectives such as "what it studies and focuses on," "what it studies for," and "how the research is conducted."

《辞海》对“学科”一词有两种释义：一是“学术的分类”，“指一定科学领域或一门科学的分支”；二是“‘教学科目’的简称”。“思想政治教育学科”一词理应归位于“学科”的第一种释义，从本质上讲是一种学术分类的结果。由此可对“思想政治教育学科”作这样的界定：思想政治教育学科是我国哲学社会科学领域中专门研究人的思想政治素质形成发展及其教育引导，以及思想政治教育适应和促进、保证和服务经济社会发展之特点与规律的一种学术分类。对此可从“研究关注什么”“研究为了什么”“研究怎么进行”等角度予以理解。

First, from the perspective of research domain, the discipline of ideological and political education conducts scientific research centered on "the essence and laws of ideological and political education." It can be said that conducting scientific research around a specific domain is a basic prerequisite for a discipline to fulfill important functions such as talent cultivation, social service, and cultural heritage and innovation, and it runs through the entire process of discipline construction. As the name implies, the discipline of ideological and political education is a discipline that conducts academic research around the domain of "ideological and political education." It mainly takes the characteristics and laws of the formation and development of people's ideological and moral character, the phenomena, contradictions, and laws of ideological and political education, etc., as its research objects, and takes the establishment of a knowledge system for the discipline of ideological and political education as its research goal. It has distinct Chinese characteristics within the field of philosophy and social sciences. Second, from the perspective of research interest, the discipline of ideological and political education serves the education and teaching of specialized subjects composed of a system of ideological and political education knowledge and skills. The establishment and construction of any discipline are to adapt to and serve political construction, economic development, cultural heritage, social stability, etc., under a specific social and historical background. The discipline of ideological and political education aims to serve the education and teaching of the specialized subject of ideological and political education through the mode of knowledge production, so that the specialized knowledge and professional skills derived from scientific research can be learned and mastered by people, cultivating specialized talents engaged in "lifeline" work for economic work and all other work. Third, from the perspective of research methods, the discipline of ideological and political education adheres to the guidance of dialectical materialism and comprehensively utilizes multiple research methods for research. The research methods adopted by a discipline not only determine the mode of thinking and logical reasoning of that discipline in conducting scientific research but also concern the unique identity and distinctive features of that discipline compared to other disciplines. The discipline of ideological and political education adheres to the methodology of dialectical materialism, comprehensively utilizing principle methods such as the combination of history and reality, the combination of theory and practice, and specific methods such as social surveys and individual interviews, in order to study and reveal the characteristics and laws of people's thoughts and behaviors, the formation and dissemination of ideology, etc. It is a discipline with distinct characteristics and a unique style in the field of philosophy and social sciences in China.

第一，从研究领域来看，思想政治教育学科围绕“思想政治教育本质和规律”进行科学研究。可以说，围绕特定领域进行科学研究是一门学科发挥人才培养、社会服务、文化传承创新等重要功能的基本前提，贯穿于学科建设的全过程。顾名思义，思想政治教育学科是一门围绕“思想政治教育”领域进行学术研究的学科，主要以人的思想品德形成发展特点和规律、思想政治教育的现象、矛盾和规律等为研究对象，以建立思想政治教育学科知识体系为研究目标，在哲学社会科学领域中具有鲜明的中国特色。第二，从研究旨趣来看，思想政治教育学科服务于由思想政治教育知识和技能体系构成的专门科目的教育教学。任何一门学科的创立和建设都是为了适应并服务于一定社会时代背景下的政治建设、经济发展、文化传承、社会稳定等。思想政治教育学科旨在通过知识生产的方式服务于思想政治教育专门科目的教育教学，以期将科学研究得出的专门知识和专业技能为人们所学习和掌握，为经济工作和其他一切工作培养从事“生命线”工作的专门人才。第三，从研究方法来看，思想政治教育学科坚持以唯物辩证法为指导，综合运用多种研究方法进行研究。一门学科所采用的研究方法既决定这门学科进行科学研究的思维方式和逻辑理路，也事关这门学科相较于其他学科的独特标识和显著特色。思想政治教育学科坚持唯物辩证法的方法论，综合运用历史与现实相结合、理论与实践相结合等原则方法和社会调查法、个别谈话法等具体方法，以期研究揭示人们的思想与行为、意识形态的形成与传播等的特点和规律，是我国哲学社会科学领域中具有鲜明特色和独特风格的一门学科。

3. The Logical Connection between the Ideological and Political Education Specialty and Discipline

3.思想政治教育专业与学科的逻辑关联

The specialty and the discipline are closely related and tightly linked; they promote each other, coordinate, and advance together, becoming important vehicles for universities to shoulder responsibilities and missions such as talent cultivation. When Marx and Engels expounded historical materialism and emphasized human subjectivity and its mode of existence, they pointed out: "Wherever a relationship exists, it exists for me." [2]2 This is a quotation from Marx and Engels in *The German Ideology* (1845-46), where they discuss the emergence of consciousness and social relations. The original Chinese text cites it as 马克思恩格斯文集, vol. 1, p. 533. The logical connection between the ideological and political education specialty and discipline is centrally embodied in their joint provision of services and guarantees for universities to complete the fundamental task of "fostering virtue through education" (立德树人) and cultivate qualified builders and reliable successors for socialism.

专业与学科密切相关、紧密相连，二者互促配合、协同共进，成为高校肩负人才培养等职责使命的重要载体。马克思恩格斯在阐述唯物史观、强调人的主体性及其存在方式时指出：“凡是有某种关系存在的地方，这种关系都是为我而存在的”。思想政治教育专业与学科的逻辑关联集中体现在共同为高校完成“立德树人”根本任务、培养社会主义合格建设者和可靠接班人提供服务和保障。

First, both consistently adhere to "educating people for the Party and cultivating talents for the state." Looking through history, both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, human society transmits knowledge and inherits civilization through education, cultivating generation after generation of youth to master the skills of understanding and transforming the world, thereby continuously creating a better future for humanity. As Marx emphasized, "to change the general nature of man so as to obtain skill and dexterity for a given branch of labor, and to become a developed and specific labor power, a certain amount of education or training is required." [3]3 This is a quotation from Marx in *Capital*, Volume I, Chapter 14, Section 5, discussing the role of education in creating skilled labor power. Education plays a fundamental and critical role in helping people improve their ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality, becoming an important cornerstone for national rejuvenation and social progress; teachers bear the responsibility and mission of disseminating knowledge, disseminating ideas, and disseminating truth, becoming engineers of the human soul and disseminators of human civilization. "Throughout history, both at home and abroad, every country cultivates people according to its own political requirements." [4]4 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping, likely from a speech on education or youth work, emphasizing the political nature of talent cultivation. "Educating people for the Party and cultivating talents for the state" is not only the basic premise and fundamental direction that must be clarified when promoting the development of education in China but also the glorious mission and sacred duty that teachers must shoulder when carrying out education and teaching. The ideological and political education specialty and the ideological and political education discipline have always placed the cultivation of people and talents at the strategic height and overall perspective of the "great plan of the Party" and the "great plan of the state," insisting on cultivating and creating a large number of successors who are both morally sound and talented, both red and expert, to cultivate high-quality talents capable of shouldering the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation, providing a continuous source of talent support and conditional guarantees for advancing the great project of Party building and the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Second, both are always committed to cultivating specialized talents for ideological and political work. In the long historical process of human society, a social division of labor that is both relatively independent and interconnected has gradually formed. "Division of labor only becomes truly such from the moment when a division of material and mental labor appears." [5]5 This is a quotation from Marx and Engels in *The German Ideology*, discussing the division of mental and material labor as a historical turning point. At that time, a part of people began to specialize in mental labor. When human society entered a class society, the social practice activity of ideological and political education emerged as a domain of the social division of labor, becoming an important way for a certain ruling class, political group, or interest stratum to achieve ruling purposes through the dissemination of mainstream ideology. Proletarian political parties, through ideological and political education, call upon and mobilize the broad masses of the people to participate in social revolution, promote human liberation, and realize the free and comprehensive development of the individual, placing professional requirements and ardent expectations on specialized talents engaged in ideological and political work. For the Communist Party of China, whether it is the establishment of the ideological and political education specialty or the founding of the ideological and political education discipline, both are major innovations by the Party uniting and leading the people in advancing the cause of socialist construction in the field of higher education. Both are committed to cultivating specialized talents for ideological and political work that meet the needs of the social division of labor under socialism with Chinese characteristics. Third, both always use the "curriculum" teaching method to cultivate talents. The ideological and political education specialty and discipline improve the entire chain of knowledge production and processing in ideological and political education, using the "curriculum" teaching method to cultivate talents. The ideological and political education specialty and the ideological and political education discipline each perform their own duties while also linking and cooperating, jointly undertaking the tasks of imparting known knowledge, updating old knowledge, exploring new knowledge, and investigating the unknown, completing the transformation of ideological and political education knowledge from simple and routine to complex and specialized, from empirical skills to scientific competencies. Through the thread of ideological and political education "curriculum" teaching, by serving the construction of the curriculum system and carrying out teaching of curriculum categories, they realize the transformation and upgrading of the ideological and political education knowledge system into the literacy and ability of specialized talents for ideological and political work, cultivating high-quality and professional specialized talents.

第一，二者始终坚持“为党育人、为国育才”。纵览古今、博观中外，人类社会通过教育的方式传播知识、传承文明，培养一代又一代青年掌握认识世界、改造世界的技能，从而接续创造人类的美好未来。正如马克思所强调的，“为改变一般人的本性，使它获得一定劳动部门的技能和技巧，成为发达的和专门的劳动力，就要有一定的教育或训练”。教育在帮助人们提升思想道德素质和科学文化素质的过程中发挥着基础性、关键性的作用，成为民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石；教师承载着传播知识、传播思想、传播真理的职责使命，成为人类灵魂的工程师、人类文明的传播者。“古今中外，每个国家都是按照自己的政治要求来培养人的”。“为党育人、为国育才”既是我国在推动教育事业发展时必须明确的基本前提和根本指向，也是广大教师开展教育教学时必须肩负的光荣使命和神圣职责。思想政治教育专业与思想政治教育学科始终将育人育才置于“党之大计”和“国之大计”的战略高度和全局视野，坚持培养造就大批德才兼备的又红又专的接班人，以教育培养堪当民族复兴重任的高素质人才，为推进党的建设伟大工程、中国特色社会主义伟大事业提供源源不断的人才支撑和条件保障。第二，二者始终致力于培养思想政治工作专门人才。人类社会在漫长的历史进程中逐渐形成了既相对独立又互相联系的社会分工，“分工只是从物质劳动和精神劳动分离的时候起才真正成为分工”。这时一部分人开始专门从事精神劳动。当人类进入阶级社会时，思想政治教育这一社会实践活动作为社会分工的一域应运而生，成为一定的统治阶级、政治集团或者利益阶层通过主流意识形态的播化来实现统治目的的重要方式。无产阶级政党通过思想政治教育号召、动员广大人民群众投身社会革命、促进人类解放和实现人的自由全面发展等，对从事思想政治工作的专门人才提出了专业要求和殷切期待。于中国共产党而言，无论是思想政治教育专业的设置还是思想政治教育学科的创立，都是党团结带领人民推进社会主义建设事业在高等教育领域的一大创举，二者都致力于培养符合中国特色社会主义事业社会分工所需的思想政治工作专门人才。第三，二者始终运用“课程”教学方式培养人才。思想政治教育专业与学科通过健全思想政治教育知识生产加工全过程链条，运用“课程”教学的方式培养人才。思想政治教育专业与思想政治教育学科既各司其职又联动配合，共同承担着传授已知、更新旧知、开掘新知、探索未知的任务，完成着思想政治教育知识从简单常规向复杂专门的嬗变、由经验技巧向科学技能的跃迁，通过思想政治教育“课程”教学这一线索，以服务课程体系建构、开展课程门类教学的方式，实现思想政治教育知识体系向思想政治工作专门人才素养本领的转化升级，培养高素质专业化的专门人才。

II. Based on a Historical Perspective: The Process of Change in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty and Discipline over 40 Years

二、基于历史视域：40年来思想政治教育专业与学科的变革历程

The process of change is the concrete process through which things undergo establishment and formation, change and innovation, stabilization and growth, and keeping pace with the times. It is usually manifested as a series of events and several stages that promote the movement and development of things along the temporal dimension. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "As we advance forward, we must not forget the path we have traveled; no matter how far we go or how glorious the future we reach, we must not forget the past we have traversed, nor can we forget why we set out." [6]6 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the commemoration of the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (July 1, 2016), emphasizing the importance of remembering the Party's history and original mission. Based on a historical perspective, we review and sort out the process of change in the ideological and political education specialty and discipline over the past 40 years, in order to comprehensively and accurately answer the question of "how the ideological and political education specialty and discipline came to be."

变革历程是事物历经建立形成、变化革新、稳定壮大、与时俱进的具体过程，通常表现为在时间维度上助推事物运动发展的系列事件和若干阶段。习近平总书记指出：“一切向前走，都不能忘记走过的路；走得再远、走到再光辉的未来，也不能忘记走过的过去，不能忘记为什么出发。”立足历史视域回顾梳理40年来思想政治教育专业与学科的变革历程，以期全面地、准确地回答清楚思想政治教育专业与学科“如何而来”的问题。

1. The Process of Change in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty over 40 Years

1.40年来思想政治教育专业的变革历程

In the early period after the founding of New China, China carried out a large-scale restructuring of the old higher education system. In November 1954, the Ministry of Higher Education promulgated the *Draft Classification and Establishment of Specialty Catalogues for Institutions of Higher Education*. In June 1963, the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council approved the report of the Party Leadership Group of the Ministry of Education, *Report on the Conference on the Adjustment of Specialties in Institutions of Higher Education*, which explicitly stated: "The establishment of specialties in institutions of higher education should ensure that all categories and types of specialties are basically complete." "From now on, all institutions of higher education that add new specialties must possess certain teaching staff and equipment conditions and obtain approval from the Ministry of Education." With the development of China's higher education, "how to classify the categories to which specialties belong" became an important topic in specialty construction, concerning the establishment of specialty objectives, the anchoring of specialty directions, and the allocation of relevant resources. It is of great significance for adapting to the needs of social development, optimizing the structure of talent cultivation, and promoting the comprehensive development of individuals. Over several decades, China has established and improved the management system for academic disciplines and specialties in higher education, promulgating the *Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Regular Institutions of Higher Education* to stipulate specialty divisions and their affiliated categories, which has become an important basis for setting and adjusting specialties and cultivating specialized personnel.

新中国成立初期，我国对旧有高等教育体制进行大规模调整，1954年11月，高等教育部颁布了《高等学校专业目录分类设置（草案）》。1963年6月，中共中央、国务院同意教育部党组《关于高等学校专业调整会议的报告》，其中明确提出：“高等学校的专业设置，应该做到各科各类专业基本齐全。”“今后所有高等学校增设新专业，都必须具备一定的师资、设备条件，并经过教育部批准。”随着我国高等教育事业的发展，“如何对专业所属类别予以划分”成为专业建设方面的重要论题，关涉专业目标的确立、专业方向的锚定、相关资源的分配等，对于适应社会发展需求、优化人才培养结构、促进人的全面发展等意义重大。数十年来，我国建立健全高等教育学科专业管理制度，颁布《普通高等学校本科专业目录》规定专业划分、所属门类等，成为设置调整专业、培养专门人才等的重要依据。

After the founding of New China, normal colleges and universities generally established a "Political Education Specialty" (abbreviated as the "political education specialty"), aimed at training secondary school political course teachers. Entering the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, under the comprehensive influence of multiple factors such as the great and profound ideological emancipation, the long and profound accumulation of practice, and the solid and powerful institutional support, the Ministry of Education issued a document to establish the "Ideological and Political Education Specialty" (abbreviated as the "political work specialty"), aimed at training specialized personnel for ideological and political work. These two specialties not only differ significantly in name but also show clear differences in construction ideas, curriculum offerings, training plans, and graduate employment destinations. However, there is no doubt that the years of operation of the political education specialty provided strong knowledge reference, experience absorption, and talent support for the subsequent establishment of the ideological and political education specialty. It can be said that the construction process of the political education specialty from the early period of New China to before reform and opening up constituted, to a certain extent, the "prelude" to the establishment of the ideological and political education specialty, while the true starting point of ideological and political education specialty construction should be marked by the Ministry of Education's document issuance in 1984. Over the past 40 years, the transformation process of the ideological and political education specialty can be divided into the following stages, based primarily on the issuance of landmark policies such as the establishment of the specialty, the opening of second bachelor's degree classes, the offering of undergraduate classes, the trial offering of on-the-job second bachelor's degree classes, and the *Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Regular Institutions of Higher Education*.

新中国成立后，师范类院校普遍设有“政治教育专业”（简称“政教专业”），旨在培养中学政治课教师。进入改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，在伟大深刻的思想解放、悠久厚重的实践积淀、坚实有力的制度支撑等多重因素的综合影响下，教育部发文设置“思想政治教育专业”（简称“政工专业”），旨在培养思想政治工作专门人才。这两个专业不仅在名称上存在显著区别，而且在建设思路、课程开设、培养方案、毕业生就业去向等方面亦有明显差异。但毋庸置疑的是，政治教育专业经年累月的办学，为之后思想政治教育专业的设置提供了坚强有力的知识借鉴、经验汲取和人才支撑。可以说，从新中国成立初期至改革开放前这一段政治教育专业的建设历程，在一定程度上成为思想政治教育专业设置的“序章”，而思想政治教育专业建设的真正起点应以1984年教育部发文设置为标志。40年来，思想政治教育专业的变革历程以设置专业、开办第二学士学位班、举办本科班、试办在职第二学士学位班以及“普通高等学校本科专业目录”等相关标志性政策的颁发为主要依据，可以分为如下几个阶段。

First, the establishment stage (April 1984 – November 1987). In April 1984, the Ministry of Education issued the *Opinions on Establishing the Ideological and Political Education Specialty in Twelve Institutions*, deciding to "establish the ideological and political education specialty in some institutions of higher education," which marked the formal establishment of the ideological and political education specialty. Subsequently, the Ministry of Education made arrangements for offering second bachelor's degree classes in the ideological and political education specialty, offering undergraduate classes in ideological and political education, and trial offering on-the-job second bachelor's degree classes in the ideological and political education specialty, opening a new path for the formalized training of specialized personnel for ideological and political work.

第一，设置阶段（1984年4月—1987年11月）。1984年4月，教育部印发《关于在十二所院校设置思想政治教育专业的意见》，决定“在部分高等学校设置思想政治教育专业”，这标志着思想政治教育专业的正式设置。随即，教育部就开办思想政治教育专业第二学士学位班、举办思想政治教育本科班、试办思想政治教育专业在职第二学士学位班等作出部署，开辟了一条正规化培养思想政治工作专门人才的新路。

Second, the stabilization stage (December 1987 – June 2012). In December 1987, the State Education Commission issued the *Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Social Sciences for Regular Institutions of Higher Education*, incorporating ideological and political education (code 0804) into the "Marxist Theory, Ideological and Political Education" category. In July 1993, the State Education Commission stipulated that ideological and political education (040201, which may confer a Bachelor of Education or Bachelor of Laws degree) be set under the ideological and political education category within the education discipline, adjusting the specialty code to "Social Sciences 0804" for ideological and political education and "Normal 0009" for ideological and moral and political education. Subsequently, the State Education Commission put forward clear provisions and specific requirements regarding training objectives, enrollment, and employment for the ideological and political education specialty in higher education institutions. In July 1998, the Ministry of Education stipulated that ideological and political education (030404, which may confer a Bachelor of Laws or Bachelor of Education degree) be set under the political science category within the law discipline. During this period, textbooks such as *Methodology of Ideological and Political Education*, *History of the Chinese Communist Party's Ideological and Political Work*, and *Principles of Ideological and Political Education* were selected as "Textbooks for the 21st Century Curriculum." In December 2005, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education explicitly stipulated the curriculum for 11 ideological and political education specialty courses, including "Theories and Methods of Ideological and Political Education." In May 2007, the state implemented free teacher education, and the six normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education enrolled students in the "Ideological and Political Education Specialty," which became a highlight in the history of ideological and political education specialty construction. During this stage, the ideological and political education specialty was formally included in the "Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties," and relevant departments clarified its affiliated categories, specialty classes, and degree conferral. Textbook construction and curriculum construction were further standardized, steadily promoting the construction and development of the ideological and political education specialty.

第二，稳定阶段（1987年12月—2012年6月）。1987年12月，国家教育委员会印发《普通高等学校社会科学本科专业目录》，将思想政治教育（编号0804）纳入“马克思主义理论、思想政治教育类”。1993年7月，国家教育委员会规定在教育学学科门类思想政治教育类设置思想政治教育（040201，可授教育学或法学学士学位），调整专业代码为“社科0804”思想政治教育、“师范0009”思想品德和政治教育。之后，国家教育委员会就高等学校思想政治教育专业办学的培养目标、招生就业等提出了明确规定和具体要求。1998年7月，教育部规定在法学学科门类政治学类设置思想政治教育（030404，可授法学或教育学学士学位）。在此期间，《思想政治教育方法论》《中国共产党思想政治工作史论》《思想政治教育学原理》等教材入选“面向21世纪课程教材”。2005年12月，国务院学位委员会、教育部明文规定了包括“思想政治教育理论与方法”在内的11门思想政治教育专业课程设置。2007年5月，国家实施免费师范生教育，教育部直属6所师范大学在“思想政治教育专业”招生，成为思想政治教育专业建设史上的一大亮点。在这一阶段，思想政治教育专业被正式纳入“本科专业目录”，相关部门对其所属门类、专业类以及授予学位等予以规明，教材建设、课程建设进一步规范化，稳步推动思想政治教育专业的建设发展。

Third, the improvement stage (July 2012 – present). In July 2012, the Ministry of Education issued the revised *Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Regular Institutions of Higher Education (2012)*, stipulating that the Marxist theory specialty class be established under the law discipline, with the basic specialty of ideological and political education (030503). After several revisions and additions, in the *Catalogue of Undergraduate Specialties in Regular Institutions of Higher Education* promulgated in 2024, the Marxist theory specialty class includes the basic specialties of scientific socialism (030501), the history of the Chinese Communist Party (030502), and ideological and political education (030503), the specially established specialty of Marxist theory (030504T), and the state-controlled distribution point specialty of trade union studies (030505TK). During this period, the two textbooks *Principles of Ideological and Political Education* and *History of Chinese Communist Party Ideological and Political Education* were selected as "Key Textbooks for the Ministry of Education's Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project," first published in 2016 and republished in 2018. During this stage, the ideological and political education specialty formally belongs to the Marxist theory specialty class within the law discipline. Its disciplinary foundation is relatively mature, the number of distribution points is relatively reasonable, inheritance and development are advancing normally, and the compilation and use of textbooks are more standardized, marking its entry into the improvement stage.

第三，完善阶段（2012年7月至今）。2012年7月，教育部颁发修订的《普通高等学校本科专业目录（2012年）》规定，在法学门类下设马克思主义理论类专业类，设置基本专业思想政治教育（030503）。历经数次修订、增设，2024年颁布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录》中，马克思主义理论类专业类设置了基本专业科学社会主义（030501）、中国共产党历史（030502）、思想政治教育（030503），特设专业马克思主义理论（030504T）以及国家控制布点专业工会学（030505TK）。其间，《思想政治教育学原理》《中国共产党思想政治教育史》两本教材入选“教育部马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材”，2016年首版发行，2018年再版发行。在这一阶段，思想政治教育专业正式隶属于法学门类里的马克思主义理论类专业类，学科基础比较成熟，布点数量相对合理，继承发展常态推进，教材编写使用更加规范，步入完善阶段。

2. The Transformation Process of the Ideological and Political Education Discipline over 40 Years

2.40年来思想政治教育学科的变革历程

China has formed a degree system with Chinese characteristics through long-term talent cultivation practice by means of establishing rules and regulations and scientific legislation. By promulgating the *Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Graduate Education*, it has further standardized disciplinary construction, the construction of the academic governance system, and the cultivation of high-level talent, providing specialized guidance and important basis for the state to conduct degree authorization review and disciplinary specialty management, carry out disciplinary point construction, and graduate student enrollment and training, constituting an indispensable part of China's degree system. Since 1981, when the Ministry of Education organized the formulation of the *Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master's Degrees in Higher Education and Research Institutions*, China has implemented the catalogue system for graduate education disciplines and specialties for over 40 years. This system exhibits transformative characteristics such as dynamic adjustment, systematic optimization, and functional expansion in terms of catalogue names, content systems, and practical value, and is of great significance for degree conferral, enrollment and training, and disciplinary construction in China's graduate education. Over the past 40 years, the transformation process of the ideological and political education discipline, based primarily on the promulgation and implementation of landmark policies such as those concerning the cultivation of master's students in the ideological and political education specialty and the *Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Graduate Education*, has undergone the following stages.

我国以建规立制、科学立法的方式在长期人才培养实践中形成了中国特色的学位制度体系，用颁布“研究生教育学科专业目录”的方式进一步规范了学科建设、学术治理体系构建和高层次人才培养，为国家进行学位授权审核与学科专业管理、开展学科点建设和研究生招生培养等提供了专门指导和重要依据，构成我国学位制度不可或缺的部分。自1981年教育部组织制定《高等教育和科研机构授予博士和硕士学位的学科、专业目录》以来，我国实行研究生教育学科专业目录制度已有40余年的历史，在目录名称、内容体系、实践价值等方面呈现出动态性调整、系统性优化、功能性拓展等变革特质，对于我国研究生教育学位授予、招生培养、学科建设等意义重大。40年来，思想政治教育学科的变革历程以关于思想政治教育专业培养硕士研究生、“研究生教育学科专业目录”等相关标志性政策的颁布实施为主要依据，其发展经历了如下几个阶段。

First, the initial stage (September 1987 – September 1990). In September 1987, the "Implementation Opinions on Cultivating Master's Degree Students in the Ideological and Political Education Specialty" issued by the State Education Commission pointed out that strengthening the construction of the ideological and political education discipline and specialty was a very urgent task, and decided that starting from 1988, ten institutions of higher learning, including Fudan University, would be the first to recruit master's degree students in the ideological and political education specialty, building this discipline into a strong bastion of Marxism. This measure opened up an effective pathway for cultivating high-level specialized talents in ideological and political education, marking the entry of the ideological and political education discipline into the initial stage.

第一，肇始阶段（1987年9月—1990年9月）。1987年9月，国家教育委员会印发的《关于思想政治教育专业培养硕士研究生的实施意见》指出，加强思想政治教育学科和专业建设是一项十分紧迫的任务，决定从1988年开始，由复旦大学等10所高等学校首批招收思想政治教育专业硕士研究生，把这一学科建设成为马克思主义的坚强阵地。这一举措，开辟了培养思想政治教育高层次专门人才的有效途径，标志着思想政治教育学科步入肇始阶段。

Second, the founding stage (October 1990 – May 1997). In October 1990, the Ninth Session of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council reviewed and approved the "Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master's Degrees and Cultivating Graduate Students," further straightening out the relationships among various disciplinary categories and first-level disciplines, adjusting and enriching the content of specialties, expanding the scope of specialties, and in particular adding a number of disciplines and specialties urgently needed for national development, as well as some interdisciplinary and emerging disciplines. It clearly established Marxist Theoretical Education (030207, including Marxist Principles, History of the Chinese Revolution, Socialist Construction with Chinese Characteristics, World Political Economy and International Relations) and Ideological and Political Education (030208) under the first-level discipline of Political Science within the disciplinary category of Law. In August 1994, the Central Committee of the CPC proposed that "ideological and political education should be strengthened as a key discipline in the humanities and social sciences." During this stage, the ideological and political education discipline was formally included in the "Graduate Education Discipline and Specialty Catalogue," becoming a clearly stipulated second-level discipline in China's degree system, achieving a transformative leap from non-existence to existence, from specialty to discipline, and from ordinary to key.

第二，初创阶段（1990年10月—1997年5月）。1990年10月，国务院学位委员会第九次会议审核批准了《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录》，进一步理顺了各学科门类、各一级学科之间的关系，调整充实了专业内涵，拓展了专业面，特别是增加了一批国家急需发展的学科、专业以及一些交叉学科和新兴学科，明确在法学学科门类下的政治学一级学科设立马克思主义理论教育（030207，含马克思主义原理、中国革命史、中国社会主义建设、世界政治经济和国际关系）、思想政治教育（030208）。1994年8月，中共中央提出“要把思想政治教育作为人文社会科学的重点学科加强建设”。在这一阶段，思想政治教育学科被正式纳入“研究生教育学科专业目录”，成为我国学位制度明文规定的一门二级学科，实现了从无到有、从专业到学科、从一般到重点的变革跃迁。

Third, the integration stage (June 1997 – November 2005). In June 1997, following review and approval by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and approval by the State Education Commission, the newly revised "Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master's Degrees and Cultivating Graduate Students" was formally promulgated. It adjusted some first-level disciplines that were unreasonably set or too broad in the original catalogue, carried out a relatively large-scale merger and adjustment of second-level disciplines with similar disciplinary foundations, and broadened the scope of disciplines on the basis of inheritance. It established Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education (030205) under the first-level discipline of Political Science within the disciplinary category of Law, which marked the formal entry of the ideological and political education discipline into the integration stage. In fact, several transformative practices during the founding stage of the ideological and political education discipline laid a strong foundation and made useful explorations for this. As early as January 1995, the Office of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council commissioned an expert group to investigate the teaching, research, and master's degree student cultivation situation of the ideological and political education specialty at universities such as Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Science and Technology, and Capital Normal University. Subsequently, in May 1996, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council approved the joint establishment of a doctoral degree authorization point for "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education" by Wuhan University and Central China Normal University; in the same year, the "Marxist Principles" research direction under the doctoral degree authorization point for "Scientific Socialism Principles" at Renmin University of China was directly converted into a doctoral degree authorization point for "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education," and Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Science and Technology, and Capital Normal University jointly applied for and were approved for a doctoral degree authorization point in "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education." After "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education" was formally included in the "Graduate Education Discipline and Specialty Catalogue," in January 2002, Renmin University of China, Wuhan University, and Sun Yat-sen University were approved as the first batch of supporting units for the national key discipline of "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education." During this stage, the Marxist theoretical education discipline and the ideological and political education discipline were merged and adjusted into the second-level discipline of "Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education," belonging to the first-level discipline of Political Science within the Law category, entering the integration stage.

第三，融合阶段（1997年6月—2005年11月）。1997年6月，经国务院学位委员会审议通过和国家教育委员会批准，新修订的《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科专业目录》正式颁布，对原专业目录中一些设置不合理或范围过大的一级学科进行了调整，对具有相近学科基础的二级学科进行了较大幅度的归并和调整，并在继承的基础上对学科面进行了拓宽，在法学学科门类下的政治学一级学科里设置马克思主义理论与思想政治教育（030205），这标志着思想政治教育学科正式步入融合阶段。事实上，思想政治教育学科初创阶段的若干变革性实践为此奠立了强有力的基础、作出了有益探索。早在1995年1月，国务院学位办委托专家组调研清华大学、北京科技大学、首都师范大学等高校的思想政治教育专业教学、科研和硕士研究生培养情况。之后，1996年5月，国务院学位委员会批准武汉大学与华中师范大学联合设立“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”博士学位授权学科；同年，中国人民大学“科学社会主义原理”博士学位授权点的“马克思主义原理”研究方向直接转为“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”博士学位授权点，清华大学、北京科技大学和首都师范大学联合申报并获批“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”博士学位授权点。在“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”正式纳入“研究生教育学科专业目录”之后，2002年1月，中国人民大学、武汉大学、中山大学获批为首批“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”国家重点学科建设依托单位。在这一阶段，马克思主义理论教育学科与思想政治教育学科归并调整为“马克思主义理论与思想政治教育”二级学科，隶属于法学门类里的政治学一级学科，步入融合阶段。

Fourth, the expansion and innovation stage (December 2005 – present). In August 2004, the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council required "strengthening the construction of the ideological and political education discipline and cultivating specialized talents for ideological and political work." In May 2005, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Ministry of Education decided: "Establish the Marxist theory discipline within the first-level disciplines." The Office of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, together with the Department of Social Science Research and Ideological and Political Work of the Ministry of Education, held multiple expert consultation meetings and demonstration meetings on establishing Marxist theory as a first-level discipline. In December 2005, the "Notice of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education on Adjusting and Adding the First-Level Discipline of Marxist Theory and Its Subordinate Second-Level Disciplines" decided to add the new first-level discipline of Marxist Theory within the Law disciplinary category, with the subordinate second-level discipline of Ideological and Political Education (030505); it cancelled the second-level discipline of Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education under the first-level discipline of Political Science, transferring it to the first-level discipline of Marxist Theory, where it was respectively incorporated into the second-level disciplines of Basic Principles of Marxism and Ideological and Political Education. In 2008, Renmin University of China was approved to establish the first national first-level key discipline of Marxist Theory, Sun Yat-sen University and Northeast Normal University were approved to establish national second-level key disciplines of Ideological and Political Education, and Wuhan University was approved to establish a national key cultivation discipline of Ideological and Political Education. During this stage, the ideological and political education discipline was listed under the first-level discipline of Marxist Theory and independently established as a second-level discipline, entering the expansion and innovation stage.

第四，拓新阶段（2005年12月至今）。2004年8月，中共中央、国务院要求“加强思想政治教育学科建设，培养思想政治教育工作专门人才”。2005年5月，中共中央宣传部、教育部决定：“在一级学科中，设立马克思主义理论学科。”国务院学位委员会办公室会同教育部社会科学研究与思想政治工作司，就设立马克思主义理论一级学科多次召开专家咨询会和论证会。2005年12月，《国务院学位委员会、教育部关于调整增设马克思主义理论一级学科及所属二级学科的通知》决定在法学门类里新增设马克思主义理论一级学科，下设思想政治教育（030505）二级学科；取消政治学一级学科里的马克思主义理论与思想政治教育二级学科，调整到马克思主义理论一级学科中，分别归入马克思主义基本原理和思想政治教育二级学科。2008年，批准中国人民大学设立首个马克思主义理论国家一级重点学科，中山大学、东北师范大学设立思想政治教育国家二级重点学科，武汉大学设立思想政治教育国家重点培育学科。在这一阶段，思想政治教育学科被列入马克思主义理论一级学科并独立设置为一门二级学科，步入了拓新阶段。

3. The Forty-Year Transformation Process of the Ideological and Political Education Specialty and Discipline: Their Mutual Consideration

3.40年来思想政治教育专业与学科变革历程二者彼此关照

The development of any thing is the result of mutual connection and interaction among its various elements. In "Dialectics of Nature," when expounding the basic forms of motion, Engels stated: "These bodies are in some kind of connection, which implies that they are interacting, and their interaction is motion." Therefore, to deepen the understanding of the laws governing the forty-year transformation process of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, it is necessary to consider aspects such as the mutual linkage and overall co-progress of specialty transformation and discipline transformation.

任何事物的发展，都是各要素之间彼此关联、互相作用的结果。恩格斯在《自然辩证法》中阐述运动的基本形式时指出：“这些物体处于某种联系之中，这就包含了这样的意思：它们是相互作用着的，而它们的相互作用就是运动。”因此，深化对40年来思想政治教育专业与学科变革历程的规律性认识，有必要从专业变革与学科变革的相互联动性、整体共进性等方面进行思考。

First, the specialty catalyzes the discipline. Generally speaking, discipline construction is the foundation of specialty construction, and specialty construction is the carrier for cultivating disciplinary talents. Most specialties and disciplines follow the development path of "first building the discipline, then establishing the specialty." Looking back at the forty-year transformation process of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, it is known that the ideological and political education specialty was established in 1984, and the ideological and political education discipline began in 1987, "following the development path of 'first establishing the specialty, then building the discipline,' carrying out disciplinary construction at multiple levels including bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs, thereby forming a disciplinary system with internal structure and hierarchy." [7]7 This quotation refers to the distinctive development sequence of the ideological and political education field in China, where the practical training specialty (专业) was established before the formal academic discipline (学科), contrary to the usual order. Compared with other specialties and disciplines, the development path of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline construction has its particularity, namely, the ideological and political education specialty was established first, and the ideological and political education discipline began later. This development path appears "special," but it is in fact an inevitable result based on the "meeting needs" of economic and social development and the "rationality" of knowledge dissemination. Specifically, on the one hand, entering the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, China's economic and social development urgently needed a large number of specialized talents engaged in ideological and political work, which raised an urgent demand for establishing the ideological and political education specialty; on the other hand, the Communist Party of China, uniting and leading the Chinese people, accumulated very valuable experience in ideological and political work during the New Democratic Revolution, the Socialist Revolution, and construction, and possessed the necessary knowledge and theoretical foundation for cultivating specialized talents for ideological and political work. After the construction of the ideological and political education specialty achieved remarkable results, the ideological and political education discipline followed, entering a development path of supporting specialty construction with disciplinary construction. It is evident that the establishment of the ideological and political education specialty catalyzed the beginning of the ideological and political education discipline.

第一，专业催化学科。一般而言，学科建设是专业建设的基础，专业建设是学科人才培养的载体，大多数的专业与学科建设走的是“先建学科、再办专业”的发展道路。回溯40年来思想政治教育专业与学科的变革历程可知，思想政治教育专业设置于1984年，思想政治教育学科肇始于1987年，“走的是‘先办专业、再建学科’，本硕博多层次开展学科建设，从而形成具有内在结构和层次的学科体系的发展之路”。相较于其他专业、学科而言，思想政治教育专业和学科建设发展之路有其特殊性，即思想政治教育专业设置在前，思想政治教育学科肇始在后。这条建设发展之路看似“特殊”，实则是建立在经济社会发展“合需”和知识传播“合理”基础之上的必然结果。具体来说，一方面，进入改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我国经济社会发展急需大量从事思想政治工作的专门人才，对设置思想政治教育专业提出了迫切需求；另一方面，中国共产党团结带领中国人民在新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设的过程中积累了十分宝贵的思想政治工作经验，具备了培养思想政治工作专门人才所必需的知识理论基础。思想政治教育专业建设取得了显著成效之后，思想政治教育学科接踵而至，步入了以学科建设支撑专业建设的发展之路。显而易见，思想政治教育专业设置催化思想政治教育学科肇始。

Second, the discipline supports the specialty. Generally speaking, a discipline is the product of scientific research in a specific field reaching a certain depth and height of development; it is a comprehensive manifestation of the classification of knowledge and the division of labor in knowledge production. The discipline of ideological and political education focuses on knowledge creation centered on advancing scientific research, while the specialty of ideological and political education focuses on knowledge transmission centered on cultivating specialized personnel. To put it further, the construction of the ideological and political education discipline aims to study specialized knowledge, mainly including specific research tasks such as refining and constructing a theoretical foundation, summarizing and systematizing basic categories, examining and analyzing methodological elements, and sorting and comparing ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign moral education practices. With the deepening advancement of the construction of the ideological and political education discipline, research findings on the knowledge system of ideological and political education have gradually been transformed into course textbooks such as *Basic Principles of Ideological and Political Education*, *Methodology of Ideological and Political Education*, and *Comparative Ideological and Political Education*, providing course support and knowledge supply for the construction of the ideological and political education specialty. At the same time, through the establishment of master’s and doctoral degree programs, a large number of graduate students in the ideological and political education specialty have been trained; in particular, the refinement of disciplinary directions, the building of academic high grounds, and the cultivation of research echelons have all provided refined knowledge supply for the construction of the ideological and political education specialty, created favorable platforms for educating people, and cultivated a professional team of teachers. It can be said that the knowledge creation driven by the construction of the ideological and political education discipline is concretely manifested and functionally exerted in aspects such as curriculum provision, platform support, talent cultivation, and team building, and is disseminated, practiced, and tested in the process of teaching and educating by teachers of the ideological and political education specialty. It is evident that the construction of the ideological and political education discipline supports the construction of the ideological and political education specialty.

第二，学科支撑专业。通常来讲，学科是特定领域的科学研究深入到一定程度、发展到一定高度的产物，是知识分类和劳动分工在知识生产方面的综合性体现。思想政治教育学科重在以推进科学研究为中心任务的知识创造，思想政治教育专业重在以培养专门人才为中心任务的知识传授。进言之，思想政治教育学科建设旨在研究专门知识，主要包括提炼构筑理论基础、概括归整基本范畴、研判辨析方法要素、梳理比较古今中外德育实践等在内的具体科研任务。随着思想政治教育学科建设的深入推进，关于思想政治教育知识体系的研究成果逐渐转化为《思想政治教育学基本原理》《思想政治教育方法论》《比较思想政治教育学》等课程教材，为思想政治教育专业建设提供课程支撑和知识供给。同时，通过建设硕士点、博士点，培养大量思想政治教育专业研究生人才；特别是学科方向的凝练、学术高地的打造、研究梯队的培育，都为思想政治教育专业建设提供了精细化的知识供给、创造了良好的育人平台、培养了专业化的教师团队。可以说，思想政治教育学科建设所推动的知识创造在课程设置、平台支撑、人才培养、队伍建设等方面得以具象化呈现、功能化发挥，并在思想政治教育专业教师的教书育人过程中得以传播、实践与检验。显而易见，思想政治教育学科建设支撑思想政治教育专业建设。

Third, they jointly serve the construction of ideological and political theory courses in higher education. Ideological and political theory courses, as the main channel for systematically conducting Marxist theory education among the vast number of young students in our country, are both core courses for comprehensively implementing the Party’s educational policy and soul courses for advancing the construction of a strong educational nation. Reviewing the transformation process over the past forty years, it is not difficult to find that every reform and innovation in ideological and political theory courses in higher education has boosted the transformation practice of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, and the transformation practice of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline has always jointly served the construction of ideological and political theory courses in higher education. For example, in August 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, regarding the reform of teaching in school ideological and moral character and political theory courses, required “helping teachers raise their theoretical level and practical knowledge level,” and “simultaneously accelerating the cultivation of new forces and striving to enrich the teaching staff.” This promoted and drove important landmark events in the transformation process of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, such as piloting on-the-job second bachelor’s degree classes, on-the-job training of graduate students, including the specialty in the “Undergraduate Specialty Catalog,” and including the discipline in the “Graduate Education Discipline and Specialty Catalog.” In June 1998, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Ministry of Education, regarding the curriculum setup of the “Two Courses” [8]8 "Double First-Class" refers to the Chinese government's initiative to develop a number of world-class universities and first-class disciplines. in regular institutions of higher education, clearly stated that “teachers should be organized to study and master the teaching syllabi and basic teaching requirements of the ‘Two Courses,’ and to carry out professional training and collective lesson preparation work well,” which put forward practical requirements for the in-depth development of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline construction. In February 2005, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Ministry of Education clearly stated “establishing a first-level discipline of Marxism… carrying out research on ideological and political education,” requiring further strengthening of the construction of ideological and political theory courses in higher education and improving the methods and approaches of teaching ideological and political theory courses. It is evident that over the past forty years, the transformation practice of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline has provided strong professional guarantees and reliable disciplinary support for the construction of ideological and political theory courses in higher education.

第三，共同服务于高校思想政治理论课建设。思想政治理论课作为我国面向广大青年学生群体进行系统的马克思主义理论教育的主渠道，既是全面贯彻党的教育方针的核心课程，也是推动教育强国建设的灵魂课程。回顾40年来的变革历程不难发现，高校思想政治理论课的每一次改革创新都助推了思想政治教育专业和学科的变革实践，思想政治教育专业与学科的变革实践始终共同服务于高校思想政治理论课建设。例如，1985年8月，中共中央就改革学校思想品德和政治理论课程教学，要求“帮助教师提高理论水平和实际知识水平”，“同时要加速培养新生力量，努力充实师资队伍”。这促进推动了试办在职第二学士学位班、在职培养研究生、将专业纳入“本科专业目录”、将学科列入“研究生教育学科专业目录”等思想政治教育专业和学科变革历程中的重要标志性事件。1998年6月，中共中央宣传部、教育部就普通高等学校“两课”课程设置明确提出“要组织教师研究、掌握‘两课’的教学大纲和教学基本要求，开展好业务培训和集体备课的工作”，为思想政治教育专业和学科建设纵深发展提出了现实要求。2005年2月，中共中央宣传部、教育部明确提出“设立马克思主义一级学科……开展思想政治教育研究”，要求进一步加强高等学校思想政治理论课建设，改进思想政治理论课教育教学的方式和方法。显而易见，40年来，思想政治教育专业与学科的变革实践为高校思想政治理论课建设提供了有力的专业保障和可靠的学科支撑。

III. Based on a Forward-Looking Perspective: The Direction of Progress for the Ideological and Political Education Specialty and Discipline on the New Journey

三、基于前瞻视域：新征程思想政治教育专业与学科的前行取向

Marxism holds that the results people obtain at the end of the material production process often exist in the producer’s mind as an idea at the beginning, as a purpose, “this purpose is known to him, and as a law it determines the mode and method of his activity, and he must subject his will to this purpose.” This unites reality with initiative, objectivity with autonomy, making “the worst architect from the very beginning superior to the most skillful bee.” [9]9 “Water courses” (水课) is a colloquial term in Chinese higher education referring to courses perceived as low-quality, lacking in academic rigor, or requiring minimal effort from students, in contrast to “gold courses” (金课), which are high-quality, challenging, and well-designed. Based on a forward-looking perspective in thinking about the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, it is necessary to outline and design the goals for their progress on the new journey, and reasonably propose effective measures to achieve these goals, in order to scientifically and systematically answer the question of “where to develop” for the ideological and political education specialty and discipline.

马克思主义认为，人们在物质生产过程结束时得到的结果往往在开始时就作为目的在生产者头脑中以观念的形式存在着，“这个目的是他所知道的，是作为规律决定着他的活动的方式和方法的，他必须使他的意志服从这个目的”，这就使现实性与能动性、客观性与自主性得到了统一，让“最蹩脚的建筑师从一开始就比最灵巧的蜜蜂高明”。立足前瞻视域思考思想政治教育专业与学科，需要擘画设计新征程思想政治教育专业与学科的前行目标，合理提出实现这些前行目标的有效举措，以期科学地、系统地回答清楚思想政治教育专业与学科“往何发展”的问题。

1. The Goals for the Progress of the Ideological and Political Education Specialty on the New Journey

1.新征程思想政治教育专业的前行目标

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC:

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“全面提高人才自主培养质量，着力造就拔尖创新人才”。思想政治教育专业设置40年来，历经了从无到有、从本科专业到硕士点、博士点的前行与发展，成为哲学社会科学体系里服务经济社会发展最具中国特色的一个专业。随着我国高等教育步入世界公认的普及化阶段，新征程务必推动思想政治教育专业从规模增长向质量提升的转变，全面提升思想政治工作专门人才自主培养质量，为以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供源源不断的人才支撑和服务保障。

First, comprehensively optimize the training plan for the ideological and political education specialty. The training plan is the overall design plan and basic teaching basis for each specialty in higher education institutions to implement the Party and the state’s requirements for cultivating high-quality specialized talents with both integrity and ability in the field of higher education. It clarifies the setting of training objectives, the orientation of training specifications, and the coordination of the training process, guiding the organization of teaching activities, the arrangement of teaching tasks, and the improvement of teaching quality. At present, the training plan for the ideological and political education specialty is formulated by each institution based on its own school history, disciplinary advantages, faculty strength, platform construction, etc., including training plans and teaching arrangements such as training objectives, graduation requirements, academic system regulations, degree conferral, and curriculum teaching. Some training plans have weaknesses to varying degrees, such as training objectives that are "vague and general," curriculum settings that "offer courses based on available faculty," and ability training that is "shortchanged." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Higher education institutions, especially 'Double First-Class' universities, should play a major role in cultivating basic research talent, comprehensively plan the training of basic discipline talent, build a number of basic discipline training bases, and cultivate high-level composite talent." [8]8 "Double First-Class" refers to the Chinese government's initiative to develop a number of world-class universities and first-class disciplines. On the new journey, the ideological and political education specialty must deeply understand and scientifically grasp the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions, optimize the training plan for the ideological and political education specialty, ensure that graduates of the ideological and political education specialty have solid political quality, solid professional knowledge, superb abilities and skills, possess an innovative spirit and a sense of responsibility, and become composite specialized talents capable of engaging in basic research and practical work in ideological and political education in Party, government, military, and mass organizations, schools at all levels and of all types, scientific research institutions, enterprises, and other units.

第一，整体优化思想政治教育专业培养方案。培养方案是高校各专业办学育人落实党和国家关于高等教育领域高素质德才兼备专门人才培养要求的总体设计方案和基本教学依据，明确了培养目标的设定、培养规格的旨向、培养过程的统筹等，指导着教学活动的组织、教学任务的安排、教学质量的提升等。时下，思想政治教育专业培养方案是各院校结合本校办学历史、学科优势、师资队伍、平台建设等，拟定的包括培养目标、毕业要求、学制规定、学位授予、课程教学等在内的培养计划以及教学安排等。有的培养方案在一定程度上存在着育人目标“泛泛而谈”、课程设置“因人开课”、能力培养“缺斤少两”等弱项问题。习近平总书记指出：“高校特别是‘双一流’大学要发挥培养基础研究人才主力军作用，全方位谋划基础学科人才培养，建设一批基础学科培养基地，培养高水平复合型人才。”新征程思想政治教育专业务必深刻领会、科学把握习近平总书记重要指示精神，优化思想政治教育专业培养方案，确保思想政治教育专业毕业生政治素质过硬、专业知识扎实、能力本领高超，具有创新精神和责任担当，成为能够在党政军群机关、各级各类学校、科研机构、企业等单位从事思想政治教育基础研究和实务工作的复合型专门人才。

Second, systematically construct the curriculum system of the ideological and political education specialty. The curriculum system refers to a complete curriculum system with a clear thematic orientation, clear layout, stable structural hierarchy, and orderly branch arrangement, composed of several courses with endogenous relevance, combined according to a certain order and internal connections. The selection of course types within this curriculum system, the setting of course numbers, the control of proportional relationships between courses and the adjustment of their synergistic effects, and especially the construction level of core courses that occupy a central position and play a key role in the entire curriculum system, directly affect the quality of specialized personnel training. At present, the curriculum system design of various institutions for different stages of undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral students in ideological and political education is generally composed of course categories such as general compulsory courses, general elective courses, specialized compulsory courses, and specialized elective courses, with obvious differences in the setting of specialized compulsory and specialized elective courses. In October 2019, the Ministry of Education emphasized regarding the construction of first-class undergraduate courses: “Optimize and reconstruct the teaching content and curriculum system, break the uniformity of courses across schools, eliminate the setting of compulsory courses based on individual faculty, eliminate ‘water courses’[n9], and set a new benchmark for course construction.” In September 2020, the Seventh Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council compiled and published the *Guidelines for Core Courses for Academic Degree Graduate Students (Trial)* and the *Guidelines for Core Courses for Professional Degree Graduate Students (Trial)*, specifying that for master’s students in the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, core courses include “Guided Reading of Marxist Classics,” “Special Topics on the Basic Principles of Marxism,” and “History of the Development of Marxism”; for doctoral students in the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, core courses include “In-Depth Study of Marxist Classics,” “Frontier Issues in Marxist Theory,” “Marxist Research Methods,” and “Teaching and Research on Ideological and Political Theory Courses.” On the new journey, the ideological and political education specialty must strive to systematically construct the curriculum system of the ideological and political education specialty, offer high-quality core courses in ideological and political education, and, based on the positioning of higher education institutions and the goals of talent cultivation, build first-class undergraduate courses in ideological and political education at the undergraduate level that can meet the needs of Chinese-path modernization for specialized ideological and political work personnel. At the master’s and doctoral levels, it must build core courses that can effectively undertake the heavy responsibility of disseminating the truth of Marxism, adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and disseminating knowledge of ideological and political education, eliminating “water courses” and creating “gold courses”[n10], to provide a strong curriculum guarantee for further improving the quality of education in the ideological and political education specialty.

第二，系统建构思想政治教育专业课程体系。课程体系指由若干具有内生相关性的课程，按照一定的秩序和内部联系组合而成的主题旨向鲜明、布局设置清晰、结构层次稳定、分支搭配有序的整体课程系统。这一课程体系内部课程类型的选取、课程门数的设定、课程之间比例关系的控制及其协同效应的调节，特别是在整个课程体系中居于中心位置、发挥关键作用的核心课程的建设水平，直接关系到专门人才培养的质量。目前，各院校对思想政治教育本科、硕士研究生、博士研究生不同阶段的课程体系设计大体上都由通识必修课程、通识选修课程、专业必修课程、专业选修课程等课程类别构成，在专业必修课程和专业选修课程设置上存在明显的区别。2019年10月，教育部就一流本科课程建设强调：“优化重构教学内容与课程体系，破除课程千校一面，杜绝必修课因人设课，淘汰‘水课’，立起课程建设新标杆。”2020年9月，国务院学位委员会第七届学科评议组编写出版《学术学位研究生核心课程指南（试行）》和《专业学位研究生核心课程指南（试行）》，明确面向马克思主义理论一级学科硕士研究生开设“马克思主义经典著作导读”“马克思主义基本原理专题研究”“马克思主义发展史”核心课程，面向马克思主义理论一级学科博士研究生开设“马克思主义经典著作研读”“马克思主义理论前沿问题”“马克思主义研究方法”“思想政治理论课教学与研究”核心课程。新征程思想政治教育专业务必着力系统建构思想政治教育专业课程体系，上好思想政治教育专业核心课程，依据高校办学定位和人才培养目标定位，在本科层面上建设起能够适应中国式现代化建设对思想政治工作专门人才需要的思想政治教育专业一流本科课程，在硕士研究生、博士研究生层面上建设起能够有效承担传播马克思主义真理、传播中国化时代化的马克思主义、传播思想政治教育知识重任的核心课程，消灭“水课”、打造“金课”，为进一步提升思想政治教育专业育人质量提供坚强的课程保障。

Third, coordinate the compilation of key textbooks for the ideological and political education specialty. “Textbooks are the main载体 for disseminating knowledge, embodying the value system of a country and a nation, and are important tools for teachers’ teaching and students’ learning.” The textbook system refers to a complete system composed of specific subject textbooks, teaching outlines, teaching lecture notes, reference books, auxiliary readers, and so on. The quality of the textbook system directly affects the quality of classroom teaching and the level of school operation and talent cultivation. Over the 40 years of development of the ideological and political education specialty, great importance has always been attached to the construction of the textbook system for the ideological and political education specialty. In 1984, when the Ministry of Education issued a document to establish the specialty, it entrusted Fudan University, Wuhan University, and other institutions to take the lead in compiling textbooks such as *Principles of Ideological and Political Education* and *Methods of Ideological and Political Education*. Subsequently, the Department of Ideological and Political Work of the State Education Commission organized the compilation of multiple sets of textbooks for the ideological and political education specialty, including undergraduate textbooks, graduate textbooks, compulsory course textbooks, and elective course textbooks. During this period, domestic experts and scholars also compiled a number of high-quality textbooks, which played a positive role in promoting the construction of the ideological and political education specialty and talent cultivation. In January 2004, the Central Committee of the CPC proposed “implementing the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project,” requiring the organization of the compilation of textbooks for various disciplines that comprehensively reflect the latest achievements of the Party’s theoretical innovation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee has emphasized “strengthening the review and compilation of textbooks for philosophy and social sciences.” To date, two textbooks, *Principles of Ideological and Political Education* and *History of CPC Ideological and Political Education*, have been selected as “Key Textbooks for the Ministry of Education’s Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project.” The Ministry of Education formulated the *Promotion Plan for the Construction of Key Textbooks for the Ministry of Education’s Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project in the New Era*, listing “systematically promoting the construction of textbooks for professional courses in the Marxist theory discipline” as a key task, proposing to systematically build textbooks for basic courses and core courses around various specialties at the undergraduate level, and to promote the construction of a series of thematic research textbooks around various disciplines at the graduate level. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “On the new journey of the New Era, we must uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, focus on studying, publicizing, and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, strive to deepen systematic and theoretical research and interpretation, strive to enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of study and publicity, and promote the Party’s innovative theories to further penetrate the hearts of the people.” On the new journey, the ideological and political education specialty must strive to coordinate the compilation of key textbooks for the ideological and political education specialty, deeply promote the integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into textbooks, into classrooms, and into minds, promptly revise the published key textbooks for the ideological and political education specialty, plan comprehensively and promote the compilation of textbooks suitable for different stages of undergraduate and graduate education in ideological and political education by category, construct a new-form key textbook system for the ideological and political education specialty, fully leverage the function of the textbook system in shaping souls and educating people in the process of imparting the Way in the ideological and political education specialty, and ensure that the ideological and political education specialty can proceed steadily and far in enlightening wisdom, resolving doubts, imparting knowledge, and educating people.

第三，统筹编好思想政治教育专业重点教材。“教材是传播知识的主要载体，体现着一个国家、一个民族的价值观念体系，是老师教学、学生学习的重要工具。”教材体系指由具体科目的教科书、教学大纲、教学讲义、参考书、辅助读本等构成的完整系统。教材体系质量的优劣，直接影响课堂教学效果的好坏、办学育人水平的高低。思想政治教育专业发展40年来始终高度重视思想政治教育专业教材体系的建设，1984年教育部发文设置专业时就委托了复旦大学、武汉大学等院校主持编写《思想政治教育原理》《思想政治教育方法论》等教材。之后，国家教育委员会思想政治工作司组织编写了包括本科生教材、研究生教材和必修课教材、选修课教材在内的多套思想政治教育专业教材。其间，国内专家学者也编写了一批高质量教材，为思想政治教育专业建设和人才培养起到了积极推进作用。2004年1月，中共中央提出“实施马克思主义理论研究和建设工程”，要求组织编写全面反映党的理论创新最新成果的各学科教材。党的十八大以来，党中央强调“加强哲学社会科学教材编审工作”。截至目前，《思想政治教育学原理》《中国共产党思想政治教育史》两本教材已入选“教育部马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材”。教育部制定《新时代马克思主义理论研究和建设工程教育部重点教材建设推进方案》，将“系统推进马克思主义理论学科专业课程教材建设”列为重点任务，提出本科阶段围绕各专业系统建设基础课程、核心课程教材，研究生阶段围绕各学科推进系列专题研究教材建设。习近平总书记强调：“新时代新征程，要坚持守正创新，聚焦学习宣传贯彻新时代中国特色社会主义思想，着力深化体系化、学理化研究阐释，着力增强学习宣传的针对性、实效性，推动党的创新理论更加深入人心。”新征程思想政治教育专业务必着力统筹编好思想政治教育专业重点教材，深入推进习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进教材、进课堂、进头脑，及时修订已出版的思想政治教育专业重点教材，整体规划、分类推进适用于思想政治教育本科、研究生不同学段的教材编写，构建思想政治教育专业新形态重点教材体系，充分发挥教材体系在思想政治教育专业办学传道过程中的铸魂育人功能，确保思想政治教育专业在启智解惑、授业育人等方面行稳致远。

2. The Forward Goals of the Ideological and Political Education Discipline on the New Journey

2.新征程思想政治教育学科的前行目标

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We should follow the approach of basing ourselves on China, drawing on foreign experience, excavating history, grasping the contemporary, caring for humanity, and facing the future, and strive to construct philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.” The ideological and political education discipline is the discipline with the largest number of master’s and doctoral programs among the second-level disciplines under the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, and it is a discipline in philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics that produces a large number of high-level research results and has broad influence and visibility. The ideological and political education discipline was born and grew in the spring breeze of reform and opening up, and it will surely shoulder its responsibilities on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, further demonstrating Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner.

习近平总书记指出：“要按照立足中国、借鉴国外，挖掘历史、把握当代，关怀人类、面向未来的思路，着力构建中国特色哲学社会科学”。思想政治教育学科是马克思主义理论一级学科所属二级学科中硕士点、博士点最多的一门学科，是中国特色哲学社会科学中高水平研究成果产出众多、具有广泛影响力和显示度的一门学科。思想政治教育学科在改革开放的春风中诞育成长，必将在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程上挺膺担当，进一步彰显中国特色、中国风格、中国气派。

First, consciously construct the independent knowledge system of the ideological and political education discipline. An independent knowledge system is a knowledge structure and organizational mode constructed through the active and dominant role of the knowledge-producing subject of a discipline. As the key focal point for accelerating the construction of a philosophy and social sciences system with Chinese characteristics, constructing China’s independent knowledge system is not only the logical main thread running through and linking the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, but also a sound strategy for breaking the predicament in which Chinese philosophy and social sciences “have theories but cannot articulate them,” “can articulate them but cannot spread them,” and “can spread them but cannot win trust.” As an emerging discipline in the field of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, the ideological and political education discipline should consciously construct its own independent knowledge system, to establish theories and make arguments for the Party and the people, to offer advice and strategies for Chinese-path modernization, and to actively answer such “questions of China,” “questions of the people,” and “questions of the era” as “how can Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times enter the ears, enter the mind, enter the heart, and enter action,” “how can the key role of ideological and political work as the ‘lifeline’ and ‘central link’ be effectively exerted,” and “how can the cause of the Party and the state have qualified successors.” On the new journey, the ideological and political education discipline must strive to consciously construct its independent knowledge system, based on China’s actual conditions, observing the development of the times, and looking at the global landscape. It should shoulder the mission of “educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the state,” and, relying on active and dominant construction, build a knowledge-theoretical system that disseminates the scientific truth of Marxism, reflects the objective laws of ideological and political education, inherits the fine traditions of the CPC’s ideological and political work, and encompasses the universal categories of human moral education activities. This will transform the Party’s valuable experience in ideological and political work and the knowledge achievements of the ideological and political education discipline with Chinese characteristics into “Chinese advantages” and “Chinese voices” for moral education practices worldwide and for the exchange and mutual learning of human moral education civilizations, thereby making the due contribution of the ideological and political education discipline to solving the “choking point” [n] problem in China’s philosophy and social sciences field.

第一，自觉建构思想政治教育学科自主知识体系。自主知识体系是一门学科知识生产主体发挥能动主导性建构而成的知识结构和组织方式。作为加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学的关键着力点，建构中国自主的知识体系既是贯穿联通中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系的逻辑主线，也是中国特色哲学社会科学摆脱“有理说不出”“说了传不开”“传了没人信”困境的破局良策。思想政治教育学科作为中国特色哲学社会科学领域的一门新兴学科，理应自觉建构起学科自主知识体系，为党和人民述学立论、为中国式现代化建设资政献策，积极回答“中国化时代化的马克思主义怎样入耳入脑入心入行”“思想政治工作‘生命线’和‘中心环节’关键作用何以有效发挥”“党和国家事业如何后继有人”等“中国之问”“人民之问”“时代之问”。新征程思想政治教育学科务必着力自觉建构学科自主知识体系，立足中国实际、观照时代发展、放眼世界格局，担负“为党育人、为国育才”使命，依凭能动主导性建构出传播马克思主义科学真理、反映思想政治教育客观规律、承续中国共产党思想政治工作优良传统、兼具人类德育活动普适范畴的知识理论体系，让党的思想政治工作宝贵经验、中国特色思想政治教育学科知识成果转化为世界各国德育实践、人类德育文明交流互鉴的“中国优势”和“中国声音”，为解决我国哲学社会科学领域“卡嗓子”的难题作出思想政治教育学科的应有贡献。

Second, comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality of the ideological and political education disciplinary team. Comprehensive quality refers to the sum of the properties and characteristics in terms of physical functions, ideological concepts, political awareness, and personality cultivation that people acquire through post-natal education, guidance, and cultivation on the basis of their innate endowments. The ideological and political education disciplinary team is a backbone force in Marxist theoretical research and also a vital force serving the CPC’s propaganda, ideological, and cultural work. This requires that this team possess excellent comprehensive quality. At present, the ideological and political education disciplinary team has formed a force structure led by national “Ten Thousand Talents Plan” leading figures in philosophy and social sciences, cultural masters and “Four Batches of Talents,” [n] “Changjiang Scholars,” [n] and national-level teaching masters, supported by middle-aged and young backbone forces, and supplemented by doctoral and master’s students as successors. In August 2024, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made strategic deployments on promoting the spirit of educators and strengthening the construction of a high-quality and professionalized teacher team for the new era, in terms of improving teachers’ disciplinary abilities and disciplinary literacy, and enhancing teachers’ ability to educate and cultivate people. On the new journey, the ideological and political education discipline must strive to comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality of the disciplinary team, strengthen the leading force, consolidate the backbone force, and expand the reserve force. It should improve the whole-process institutional mechanism integrating the recruitment and selection, enrollment and training, employment guidance, and follow-up tracking services for master’s and doctoral students, ensuring that the disciplinary team possesses excellent ideological and political quality, outstanding scientific and cultural quality, healthy physical and psychological quality, and superb professional competence quality, thereby promoting the ideological and political education disciplinary team to stride forward and achieve great success in the direction of high quality and professionalization.

第二，全面提升思想政治教育学科队伍综合素质。综合素质是指人们在与生俱来的先天基础之上通过后天教育引导、培养塑造而获得的在身体机能、思想观念、政治觉悟、人格素养等方面的性质和特点的总和。思想政治教育学科队伍是马克思主义理论研究的一支骨干力量，也是服务于中国共产党宣传思想文化工作的一支有生力量，这就要求这支队伍务必具有过硬的综合素质。目前，思想政治教育学科队伍形成了以国家“万人计划”哲学社会科学领军人才、文化名家暨“四个一批人才”、“长江学者”、国家级教学名师等为引领，以中青年骨干力量为支撑，以博士研究生、硕士研究生为后继的力量结构。2024年8月，中共中央、国务院就弘扬教育家精神、加强新时代高素质专业化教师队伍建设作出了提高教师学科能力和学科素养、提升教师教书育人能力等方面的战略部署。新征程思想政治教育学科务必着力全面提升思想政治教育学科队伍综合素质，强化领军力量、夯实骨干力量、壮大后备力量，健全贯通硕士研究生、博士研究生招生选拔、入学培养、就业指导、后续跟踪服务等于一体的全过程体制机制，确保学科队伍具有优良的思想政治素质、出色的科学文化素质、健康的身体心理素质、过硬的业务能力素质，推动思想政治教育学科队伍朝着高素质专业化的方向阔步前行、大有作为。

Third, effectively strengthen the academic research of the ideological and political education discipline. Academic research refers to practical activities of actively exploring and deeply studying systematic specialized knowledge concerning specific existents and their properties, laws, etc. The ideological and political education discipline is a discipline that conducts academic research on the formation and development of people’s ideological and political quality, educating and guiding people to form scientific ideological and political quality, and the adaptation and promotion, guarantee and service of ideological and political education for economic and social development. Overall, the academic research of the ideological and political education discipline has achieved remarkable results in terms of monograph publication, paper publication, project establishment, achievement awards, and academic exchanges. However, it must also be recognized that problems still exist to varying degrees, such as the generalization of research directions, the singularity of research methods, the homogeneity of research paradigms, the scarcity of landmark achievements, and insufficient attention to basic theories and frontier issues. To effectively strengthen academic research on the new journey, the ideological and political education discipline should further strengthen disciplinary awareness and deepen research within its own domain. On the basis of clarifying the definition of basic concepts, analyzing the connotation and extension of related concepts, and building a system of iconic concepts, it should conduct in-depth research on the main academic inquiry of the discipline. On the basis of closely following the dynamics of the Party’s theoretical innovation, answering practical questions in the ideological domain, and responding to the questions of the era in the field of ideological and political education, it should focus research on hot topics and frontier issues of the discipline. On the basis of focusing on the overall situation of high-quality development, advancing modernization, and striving to build a discipline with Chinese style, it should conduct research on the management and guarantee of the discipline. At the same time, further efforts should be made to promote, publicize, transform, and apply these academic research achievements, ensuring that the academic research of the ideological and political education discipline continues to play an important role in rallying strength in the journey of comprehensively advancing the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, actively spreading China’s voice, telling China’s story, and contributing China’s wisdom in the process of promoting exchanges and mutual learning among world civilizations, so that the academic research of the ideological and political education discipline with Chinese characteristics truly stands tall in the world’s academic research system.

第三，切实加强思想政治教育学科学术研究。学术研究指围绕特定存在物及其性质、规律等的系统专门学问进行积极探索、深入钻研的实践活动。思想政治教育学科是围绕人们思想政治素质形成与发展、教育和引导人们形成科学的思想政治素质以及思想政治教育适应和促进、保证和服务经济社会发展进行学术研究的一门学科。总的来看，思想政治教育学科学术研究在专著出版、论文刊发、项目立项、成果获奖、学术交流等方面都成绩斐然。但也必须看到，还不同程度存在着研究方向泛化、研究方法单一、研究范式同质、标志性成果偏少、关注基础理论和前沿问题不够等问题。新征程思想政治教育学科切实加强学术研究，理应进一步强化学科意识、深耕本域研究，在辨明基本概念界定、厘析相关概念内涵外延、打造标识性概念体系的基础之上深入开展学科主体学术探究方面的研究，在紧跟党的理论创新动态、解答意识形态领域现实问题、回应思想政治教育领域时代之问的基础之上聚焦学科热点前沿论题方面的研究，在着眼高质量发展全局、推进现代化建设、致力建设具有中国气派的学科基础之上展开学科管理保障方面的研究。与此同时，应进一步做好这些学术研究成果的宣传推介、转化应用等工作，确保思想政治教育学科的学术研究在全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的征程中继续发挥凝心聚力的重要作用，在推动世界文明交流互鉴的过程中积极传播中国声音、讲好中国故事、贡献中国智慧，让具有中国特色的思想政治教育学科学术研究真正屹立于世界学术研究体系之林。

3. Effective Measures for the Advancement of the Ideological and Political Education Specialty and Discipline on the New Journey

3.新征程思想政治教育专业与学科前行的有效举措

China has already built the world’s largest education system and is striving to achieve a systemic leap and qualitative change from a large education country to a strong education country. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must adhere to a systems perspective, coordinate and advance reforms in education methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms, resolutely break all ideological and conceptual constraints and institutional and mechanistic drawbacks that hinder the high-quality development of education, and comprehensively improve the modernization level of the education governance system and governance capacity.” [n] To achieve the goals for the advancement of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline on the new journey, it is necessary to adhere to a systems perspective, plan forward-looking, make sufficient preparations, and promote the high-quality development of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline.

我国业已建成世界上规模最大的教育体系，正在努力实现从教育大国向教育强国的系统性跃升和质变。习近平总书记指出：“要坚持系统观念，统筹推进育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制改革，坚决破除一切制约教育高质量发展的思想观念束缚和体制机制弊端，全面提高教育治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。”新征程实现思想政治教育专业与学科前行目标务必坚持系统观念，前瞻擘画、做足蓄力，推进思想政治教育专业与学科高质量发展。

First, strive to uphold the political advantage of the “lifeline” and the fine tradition of the “central link.” The concept of “ideological and political education” is an original term of the Chinese Communist Party for carrying out the practical activities of Marxist ideological and political education, which over more than a century has undergone a magnificent process of being made work-oriented, scientific, specialized, and disciplinary. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, Mao Zedong emphasized: “To grasp ideological education is the central link in uniting the whole Party to carry out great political struggles. If this task is not resolved, none of the Party’s political tasks can be accomplished.” [15]15 Mao Zedong, “On Coalition Government” (1945). During the period of socialist revolution and construction, Mao Zedong pointed out: “Ideological work and political work are the guarantees for accomplishing economic work and technical work; they serve the economic base.” During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, Deng Xiaoping emphasized: “We must place ideological and political work in a very important position, do it earnestly and well, and not relax it.” Jiang Zemin pointed out: “Only by giving full play to this political advantage of the Party’s ideological and political work can we ensure the correct direction of development for economic work and all other work.” Hu Jintao emphasized: “The Party’s ideological and political work is the lifeline of economic work and all other work, and is the central link for uniting the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to accomplish the various tasks of the Party and the state.” As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that “ideological work is an extremely important task for the Party” and that “we must clearly and unequivocally strengthen ideological and political education and moral education.” It is thus evident that the “lifeline” and the “central link” are our Party’s accurate summary and vivid metaphor for the important position of ideological and political education in advancing the development of the Party’s and the state’s various undertakings, profoundly demonstrating the political advantage and fine tradition of our Party in using ideological and political education to consolidate the ideological foundation for the united struggle of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. The primary practical measure for achieving the forward-moving goals of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline on the new journey lies in striving to uphold the political advantage of the “lifeline” and the fine tradition of the “central link,” insisting that ideological and political education can only be strengthened, not weakened, firmly advancing ideological and political education through improvement amid strengthening and development amid innovation without pause, continuing the theories, policies, and principles of ideological and political education formed in the Party’s practice of uniting and leading the Chinese people in revolution, construction, reform, and since entering the New Era, undertaking to fulfill the new missions and new requirements posed by the new situation and new circumstances for ideological and political education, ensuring that ideological and political education always obeys and serves the overall cause of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, better playing the role of the “lifeline” and the “central link,” and embodying the extraordinary significance of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline in the process of transforming “the weapon of criticism” into “material force.”

第一，着力坚守“生命线”政治优势和“中心环节”优良传统。“思想政治教育”这一概念是中国共产党开展马克思主义思想政治教育实践活动的原创性术语，百余年来历经了工作化、科学化、专业化、学科化的壮阔历程。新民主主义革命时期，毛泽东强调：“掌握思想教育，是团结全党进行伟大政治斗争的中心环节。如果这个任务不解决，党的一切政治任务是不能完成的。”社会主义革命和建设时期，毛泽东指出：“思想工作和政治工作，是完成经济工作和技术工作的保证，它们是为经济基础服务的。”改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，邓小平强调：“我们一定要把思想政治工作放在非常重要的地位，切实认真做好，不能放松。”江泽民指出：“只有充分发挥党的思想政治工作这一政治优势，才能保证经济工作和其他一切工作的正确发展方向”。胡锦涛强调：“党的思想政治工作是经济工作和其他一切工作的生命线，是团结全党全国各族人民实现党和国家各项任务的中心环节”。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，习近平总书记指出，“意识形态工作是党的一项极端重要的工作”，“要旗帜鲜明加强思想政治教育、品德教育”。足见，“生命线”和“中心环节”是我们党对思想政治教育在推进党和国家各项事业发展中重要地位的准确概括和生动比喻，深刻彰显了我们党运用思想政治教育巩固全党全国各族人民团结奋斗思想基础的政治优势和优良传统。新征程实现思想政治教育专业与学科前行目标的首要实践举措在于着力坚守“生命线”政治优势和“中心环节”优良传统，坚持思想政治教育只能加强、不能削弱，坚定在加强中改进、在创新中发展思想政治教育不停步，赓续党在团结带领中国人民革命、建设、改革和进入新时代以来的实践中形成的思想政治教育的理论、方针、政策，担当完成新形势新境遇对思想政治教育提出的新使命新要求，确保思想政治教育始终服从服务于以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴事业全局，更好地发挥“生命线”和“中心环节”的作用，在将“批判的武器”转化为“物质力量”的过程中体现思想政治教育专业与学科的非凡意义。

Second, strive to actively promote the reform and innovation of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline construction. Reform is the key move for striding forward, and innovation is the primary driving force leading development. “Chinese-path modernization is continuously advanced in the course of reform and opening up, and it will surely open up broad prospects in reform and opening up.” [16]16 Xi Jinping, remarks at the opening ceremony of a seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee (2024). The ideological and political education specialty and discipline, as a specialty and a discipline with the most Chinese characteristics that empower the comprehensive advancement of building a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization, must implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, systematically strengthen through reform, actively act through innovation, and make greater contributions in theoretical propaganda, scientific research, education and teaching, cultural inheritance, policy advice, international exchange, and civilizational dialogue. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must follow the laws of ideological and political work, follow the laws of teaching and educating people, follow the laws of student growth, continue to use good methods, improve old methods, and explore new methods, continuously raising the level of work capability and effectiveness.” On the new journey to achieve the forward-moving goals of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, we should strive to promote the reform and innovation of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline construction, centering on the primary task of achieving high-quality development, further comprehensively deepening reform in areas such as education methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms, using new media and new technologies to promote innovation in propaganda forms, teaching methods, and research methods, promoting the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education, accelerating the construction of an ideological and political education disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the transformation of the textbook system into a teaching system and the knowledge system into a belief system in the process of education and teaching, building a more effective international communication system for ideological and political education, improving the comprehensive training system for moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education, comprehensively raising the quality of independent training of professional personnel for ideological and political work, and consolidating the foundation, forging souls, and educating people for the comprehensive building of a great modern socialist country.

第二，着力积极推进思想政治教育专业与学科建设的改革创新。改革是阔步前行的关键一招，创新是引领发展的第一动力。“中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的，也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景。”思想政治教育专业与学科作为赋能以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业最具中国特色的一个专业、一门学科，务必落实立德树人根本任务，在改革中系统强化、在创新中积极作为，在理论宣传、科学研究、教育教学、文化传承、咨政建言、国际交流、文明对话等方面作出更大的贡献。习近平总书记指出：“要遵循思想政治工作规律，遵循教书育人规律，遵循学生成长规律，沿用好办法，改进老办法，探索新办法，不断提高工作能力和水平。”新征程实现思想政治教育专业与学科前行目标应着力推进思想政治教育专业与学科建设的改革创新，围绕实现高质量发展的首要任务，在育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制等方面进一步全面深化改革，运用新媒体新技术推进宣传形式、教学手段和研究方法创新，推动理想信念教育常态化制度化，加快构建具有中国特色的思想政治教育学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，在教育教学的过程中促进教材体系向教学体系转化、知识体系向信仰体系转化，构建更有效力的思想政治教育国际传播体系，健全德智体美劳全面培养体系，全面提高思想政治工作专业人才自主培养质量，为全面建成社会主义现代化强国强基固本、铸魂育人。

Third, strive to strengthen the base platforms that support the construction of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline. For every type of specialty and every discipline, the construction of bases and platforms at various levels and types is an important carrier for talent cultivation, scientific research, and policy consultation. For the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, it is also an important pathway for strengthening academic exchange, promoting resource sharing, and integrating human resources. Since the establishment of the ideological and political education specialty and the inception of the discipline, attention has always been paid to the construction of bases and platforms at various levels and types. In January 2004, the Central Committee of the CPC explicitly proposed “implementing the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project,” [17]17 The Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project (MTRCP) is a major theoretical project launched by the CPC Central Committee in 2004 to strengthen the study and construction of Marxist theory, involving the compilation of key textbooks and the establishment of research bases. and relevant Party and state departments built a large number of important platforms and key bases for cultivating Marxist theory talent. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee has made a series of deployments around base platform construction, proposing for further strengthening the construction of Marxist theory disciplines in universities the task of “promoting the construction of degree authorization points, key disciplines, and key bases,” requiring “relying on national key disciplines to establish several Ministry of Education Marxist theory research and construction innovation bases, undertaking major research projects and the task of training doctoral supervisors,” “focusing on building a number of Marxist theory research and construction innovation bases,” “effectively building Marxist theory disciplines into advantageous disciplines… promoting the construction of national-level collaborative innovation centers for Marxist theory disciplines, building high-end Marxist theory education and research platforms,” “encouraging Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, etc., to connect with universities nearby, establishing off-campus practical teaching bases for ideological and political courses,” “strengthening the construction of Marxist theory academic positions, cultivating and consolidating development platforms, building a platform support system,” and so on. At present, ideological and political education specialty-running units and ideological and political education discipline degree authorization point-affiliated institutions nationwide generally have research bases and platforms at the national, provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government), and university (college) levels, creating favorable conditions for the construction of the ideological and political education specialty and the development of the discipline. On the new journey to achieve the forward-moving goals of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, we must strive to strengthen the base platforms that support the construction of the ideological and political education specialty and discipline, promote the construction of theoretical research bases, social practice bases, collaborative innovation platforms, new-type think tanks, etc., facilitate the effective aggregation and optimal allocation of resources such as ideological and political education specialty talent cultivation and ideological and political education discipline theoretical innovation, focus on collective research and collaborative innovation in ideological and political education specialty operation, theoretical research, and practical affairs, promote the coordinated and integrated advancement of the construction of the education system, academic system, and governance system, further enhance the quality and level of educating people through teaching and through scientific research, strengthen academic influence and social service capability, and provide a powerful ideological and political guiding force to support the construction of an education powerhouse, thereby providing strong and effective services and guarantees for the comprehensive advancement of building a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization.

第三，着力强化支撑思想政治教育专业与学科建设的基地平台。对每一类的专业、每一门的学科而言，各级各类的基地和平台建设是人才培养、科学研究和政策咨询的重要载体，于思想政治教育专业和学科而言，也是加强学术交流、助推资源共享、集成人力资源的重要途径。自思想政治教育专业设置、学科肇始以来，一直注重各级各类基地和平台建设。2004年1月，中共中央明确提出“实施马克思主义理论研究和建设工程”，党和国家有关部门搭建了一大批培养马克思主义理论人才的重要平台和重点基地。党的十八大以来，党中央围绕基地平台建设作出一系列部署，就进一步加强高校马克思主义理论学科建设提出“推进学位授权点、重点学科和重点基地建设”的任务，要求“以国家重点学科为依托，建立若干个教育部马克思主义理论研究和建设创新基地，承担重大课题研究和研究生导师培养任务”，“重点建好一批马克思主义理论研究和建设创新基地”，“切实把马克思主义理论学科建成优势学科……推动建设马克思主义理论学科国家级协同创新中心，搭建高端马克思主义理论教育和研究平台”,“鼓励党政机关、企事业单位等就近与高校对接，挂牌建立思政课实践教学基地”,“加强马克思主义理论学术阵地建设，培育和夯实发展平台，构建平台支持体系”，等等。目前，全国范围内的思想政治教育专业办学单位、思想政治教育学科学位授权点依托院校普遍设有国家级、省（自治区、直辖市）级、校（院）级不同层次的研究基地和平台，为思想政治教育专业建设、学科发展创造了有利条件。新征程实现思想政治教育专业与学科前行目标要着力强化支撑思想政治教育专业与学科建设的基地平台，推动理论研究基地、社会实践基地、协同创新平台、新型智库等建设，促推思想政治教育专业人才培养、思想政治教育学科理论创新等资源有效集聚、优化配置，聚焦思想政治教育专业办学、学理研究、实践实务等集体攻关、协同创新，推动育人体系、学术体系、治理体系等建设统筹发力、整体推进，进一步提升教书育人、科研育人的质量和水平，增强学术影响力和社会服务力，以供给强大的思政引领力支撑教育强国建设，进而为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供坚强有力的服务和保障。

(Author’s brief introduction: Huang Rongsheng, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the Marxist Theory Research Center, Southwest University)

（作者简介：黄蓉生，西南大学马克思主义理论研究中心教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心