On the Deep Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Ideological and Political Education

With the rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence technology, a research upsurge of "AI+" has emerged in the field of education. However, following the research approach and application orientation of "AI+" will inevitably encounter the question of "which is the subject." If education is taken as the subject and artificial intelligence is merely regarded as a technical tool external to the structural system of education, then it will be difficult to fully exploit the entire technical potential of artificial intelligence, and it may even be alienated into a shackle on educational development; if artificial intelligence is taken as the subject, then the field of education may face the risk of technological domination, and may even lose the political attributes and humanistic value of education. Therefore, to correctly understand and handle the relationship between artificial intelligence and education, we should follow the general requirement of General Secretary Xi Jinping that "attach great importance to

随着人工智能技术的飞速发展和广泛应用，教育领域掀起了“人工智能+”的研究热潮。然而，沿着“人工智能+”的研究进路和应用导向，将不可避免地遭遇“以谁为主”的问题。如果以教育为主，把人工智能仅仅作为外在于教育系统结构的技术工具，那么将难以充分发挥人工智能的全部技术潜力，甚至有可能使之异化为教育发展的桎梏；如果以人工智能为主，那么教育领域又可能面临技术宰制的风险，甚至丧失教育的政治属性和人文价值。由此，正确认识处理人工智能与教育的关系，应按照习近平总书记关于“高度重视人工智能对教育的深刻影响，积极推动人工智能和教育深度融合，促进教育变革创新”的总体要求，着力增强从“应用导向”到“深度融合”的理论和实践自觉。本文从深度融合的角度出发，研究探讨人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的前提基础、复杂效应和可能进路，借以深化相关理论研究和实践。

I. The Prerequisite Foundation for the Deep Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Ideological and Political Education

一、人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的前提基础

To promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education, we must first answer the prerequisite question of "how integration is possible." So-called integration is not a simple "physical reaction" but a profound "chemical reaction," based on a high degree of compatibility, mutual stimulation, and mutual achievement between the functions and attributes of both parties. Whether artificial intelligence and ideological and political education can be deeply integrated depends mainly on whether artificial intelligence as a "technical means" is inherently compatible with the technical logic of ideological and political education, whether artificial intelligence as an "infrastructure" accompanies the transformation of the form of ideological and political education, and whether artificial intelligence as a "marker of civilization" moves in the same direction as the innovative development of ideological and political education.

推动人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合，需要首先回答“何以能够融合”这个前提问题。所谓融合，不是简单的“物理反应”，而是深刻的“化学反应”，是基于双方功能和属性之间的高度契合、互相激发与彼此成就。人工智能与思想政治教育能否深度融合，主要取决于作为“技术手段”的人工智能是否与思想政治教育技术逻辑内在契合，作为“基础设施”的人工智能是否与思想政治教育形态变革相伴相生，作为“文明标识”的人工智能是否与思想政治教育创新发展同向而行。

(1) Artificial Intelligence as a "Technical Means" and the Technical Logic of Ideological and Political Education

（一）作为“技术手段”的人工智能与思想政治教育技术逻辑

As a "technical means," artificial intelligence has roughly undergone three theoretical shifts and technical evolutions: symbolism, connectionism, and behaviorism. Since the mid-20th century, artificial intelligence has experienced several theoretical transformations. "When artificial intelligence developed from symbolic representationalism to connectionism, and then to the current deep learning, we found that the evolution of artificial intelligence systems has acquired the general characteristics of the development of organisms." Historically, symbolism takes the logical thinking rules of logic as its basic guideline and uses the idealized performance of machines as the basic measure of their intelligence level; connectionism constructs the development mechanism of artificial intelligence by simulating the neural network of the brain, effectively avoiding the drawback of formalizing intelligence based on symbolic computation; behaviorism breaks away from the conventional wisdom of traditional artificial intelligence schools in understanding intelligence, focuses on the problem of behavioral control of artificial intelligence in complex environments, understands intelligence as the ability to make appropriate behavior in unpredictable environments, and makes artificial intelligence evolve from "thinking like a human" to "acting like a human." Through the above three theoretical shifts, artificial intelligence ultimately presents two technical forms: an intelligent production tool system and an intelligent application technology system. On the one hand, artificial intelligence is a non-biological intelligence created by humans based on their own intelligence. The data, chips, and algorithm technologies that constitute its core technical elements correspond to human writing, the human brain, and the neuron system, respectively, jointly building this intelligent production tool system. Throughout the history of artificial intelligence development, different schools have different analytical paradigms and technical frameworks, but the technical solutions they provide are inseparable from massive data, intelligent chips, and sufficient computing power. From data to big data, from chips to intelligent chips, from data algorithms to intelligent algorithms, this not only marks the autonomous evolution and intelligent enhancement of artificial intelligence but also drives human society to continuously evolve in an intelligent direction. On the other hand, as a comprehensive intelligent application technology system, artificial intelligence integrates intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, and intelligent control, and is the intelligent manifestation of humans endowing machines with their own functions. Artificial intelligence not only extends the "body organs" of humans, greatly enriching the "skeletal system and muscular system of production,"[1]1 Karl Marx, *Capital*, Volume 1, referring to the role of machinery in extending the human body's productive capacity. but also, as "the organ of the human brain created by human hands,"[2]2 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse*, referring to the creation of artificial organs of the human brain through technology. amplifies the intelligent influence in the process of human production and life. Based on this technical form, artificial intelligence will profoundly affect and change the way humans produce, live, and even think, thereby becoming a technical condition that ideological and political education cannot bypass.

作为“技术手段”的人工智能，大体经历了符号主义、联结主义和行为主义三次理论更迭与技术演进。自20世纪中叶以来，人工智能经历了数次理论变革，“当人工智能从符号表征主义发展到联结主义，再进展到当前的深度学习的时候，我们发现，人工智能系统的演化具有了有机体发展的一般性特质”。历史地看，符号主义以逻辑学思维法则为基本遵循，以机器的理想化表现作为衡量其智能程度的基本尺度；联结主义通过模拟大脑神经网络来建构人工智能发展机制，有效规避了以符号计算为基础对智能进行形式化处理的弊病；行为主义跳出传统人工智能流派在智能理解上的窠臼，聚焦人工智能在复杂环境下的行为控制问题，将智能理解为在不可预测的环境中作出适当行为的能力，使人工智能从“像人类一样思考”演化到“像人类一样行动”。经由上述三次理论更迭，人工智能最终呈现为智能生产工具系统和智能应用技术系统两种技术形态。一方面，人工智能是人类基于自身智能而创造出的非生物性智能，构成其核心技术要素的数据、芯片和算法技术分别对应着人类的文字、人脑和神经元系统，共同构筑起这一智能生产工具系统。纵观人工智能发展历史，不同流派的分析范式和技术框架各异，但其提供的技术方案都离不开海量数据、智能芯片和充足算力。从数据到大数据，从芯片到智能芯片，从数据算法到智能算法，不仅标志着人工智能的自主进化和智能增强，也驱动人类社会不断向智能方向演进。另一方面，作为一项综合性的智能应用技术系统，人工智能集智能感知、智能决策和智能操控于一体，是人类将自身机能赋予机器的智能显现。人工智能不仅延伸了人类的“身体器官”，极大丰盈了“生产的骨骼系统和肌肉系统”,而且以“人的手创造出来的人脑的器官”,放大了人类生产生活过程中的智能影响。正是基于这种技术形态，人工智能将深刻地影响和改变人类生产生活方式乃至思维方式，进而成为思想政治教育无法绕开的技术条件。

As a historical phenomenon, ideological and political education follows certain political and cultural logics, but it is also inseparable from a certain technical logic. From the perspective of technical logic, ideological and political education is rooted in the social structure and practical conditions of a certain era and nation-state, and technical factors have always been the "indicator" of the economic form of society, while also constituting an important force on which ideological and political education depends for its existence and development. On the one hand, the technology of a certain era constitutes the material basis on which ideological and political education depends, is deeply embedded in the structure of ideological and political education, and is transformed into the technical force for the innovative development of ideological and political education. Marx profoundly insighted the promoting effect of science and technology on social history, regarding it as a "powerful lever of history" and a "revolutionary force in the highest sense."[3]3 Karl Marx, "Speech at the Anniversary of the *People's Paper*" (1856), on the revolutionary role of science and technology. Intelligent technology represented by artificial intelligence is gradually becoming a key variable shaping human society, and will constitute a "powerful lever" to open human intelligent civilization and a "revolutionary force" to subvert the natural structure of humans. Thus, artificial intelligence is not only a tool for empowerment and authorization, but also constitutes the underlying logic for the existence and development of ideological and political education, profoundly reconstructing the foundation of existence, basic contradictions, and practical patterns of ideological and political education. On the other hand, along the thread of technological development, ideological and political education continuously improves its own level of scientization, evolving in the direction of "technologization of ideological and political education." From the information technology revolution represented by the internet to the intelligent technology revolution represented by artificial intelligence, ideological and political education, following the basic line of scientific and technological change, has undergone a morphological shift from "internet-based ideological and political education" to "intelligent ideological and political education," continuously tending toward the scientific approach of ideological and political education. In essence, ideological and political education always follows the development logic of "technology—ideological and political education," continuously generating its contemporary features in resonance with science and technology, and continuously proving its legitimate status.

作为一种历史现象的思想政治教育，既遵循一定的政治逻辑、文化逻辑，也离不开一定的技术逻辑。从技术逻辑来看，思想政治教育根植于一定时代和民族国家的社会结构和实践条件之中，而技术因素向来都是社会经济形态的“指示器”，同时也构成思想政治教育赖以存在和发展的重要力量。一方面，一定时代的技术构成思想政治教育赖以存在的物质基础，深度嵌入思想政治教育结构中，并转化为思想政治教育创新发展的技术力量。马克思深刻洞察到科学技术对社会历史的促进作用，将其视为“历史的有力的杠杆”和“最高意义上的革命力量”。以人工智能为代表的智能技术逐渐成为形塑人类社会的关键性变量，将构成开启人类智能文明的“有力杠杆”和颠覆人的自然结构的“革命力量”。由此，人工智能不仅仅是赋能增权的工具，更是构成思想政治教育存在发展的底层逻辑，将深刻重构思想政治教育的存在基础、基本矛盾以及实践样态。另一方面，思想政治教育沿着技术发展脉络，不断提升自身的科学化水平，朝着“思政的技术化”方向演进。从以互联网为代表的信息技术革命到以人工智能为代表的智能技术革命，思想政治教育沿着科学技术变革的基本路线，经历了从“网络思政”到“智能思政”的形态变迁，不断趋向于思想政治教育的科学化进路。质言之，思想政治教育始终遵循“技术—思政”的发展逻辑，在与科学技术的同频共振中不断生成其时代样貌，不断证成其合理地位。

(2) Artificial Intelligence as an "Infrastructure" and the Transformation of the Form of Ideological and Political Education

（二）作为“基础设施”的人工智能与思想政治教育形态变革

Artificial intelligence has organically constituted a foundational force in the socio-historical development of the present era, profoundly shaping the overall features and developmental trends of the times, and gradually becoming the “infrastructure” of the contemporary era. Marx profoundly pointed out: “The distinction between economic epochs is not what is produced, but how it is produced, by what means of labour.” Among these, the instruments of production, as the most representative means of labour, “are not only the measure of the development of human labour power, but also the indicator of the social relations within which labour is carried on.” In essence, the development of the instruments of production directly drives the development of productive forces, triggers changes in the relations of production, and thereby initiates changes in the social formation—that is, “the hand-mill gives you society with the feudal lord; the steam-mill, society with the industrial capitalist.” Historically, the steam engine constituted the infrastructure of the steam age, electricity constituted the infrastructure of the electrical age, and the internet constituted the infrastructure of the information age. From the steam engine to electricity and then to the internet, each technological breakthrough became an “indicator” leading the transformation and progress of human society, thereby helping humanity achieve an overall leap in the mode of production and the pattern of life. Therefore, a given era is always inseparable from the specific technological tools that constitute its infrastructure, and artificial intelligence is the key technological tool that opens the intelligent era. “The development of artificial intelligence has entered the fast lane, and it has quickly penetrated various fields such as healthcare, transportation, finance, agriculture, and industry. Like the steam engine in the 18th century, electricity in the 19th century, and information technology in the 20th century, artificial intelligence has a sufficiently large technological radiation effect.” It is in this sense that artificial intelligence will profoundly reconstruct the production processes and modes of operation of human society, gradually constituting the underlying logic of the operation and development of human society, profoundly influencing and shaping people’s spiritual life and value orientations, and thereby also constituting a decisive force in the transformation of the form of ideological and political education.

人工智能有机构成了现时代社会历史发展的基础性力量，深刻形塑着时代的整体面貌和发展趋向，逐渐构成当今时代的“基础设施”。马克思深刻指出：“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产。”其中，生产工具作为最具代表性的劳动资料，“不仅是人类劳动力发展的测量器，而且是劳动借以进行的社会关系的指示器”。质言之，生产工具的发展直接推动生产力的发展，引发生产关系的变革，进而引发社会形态的变革，即“手推磨产生的是封建主的社会，蒸汽磨产生的是工业资本家的社会”。历史地看，蒸汽机构成了蒸汽时代的基础设施，电力构成了电气时代的基础设施，互联网构成了信息时代的基础设施。从蒸汽机到电力再到互联网，每一项技术突破都成为引领人类社会更迭进步的“指示器”，从而助推人类实现生产方式和生活样态的整体性跃迁。因此，一定的时代总是离不开构成其基础设施的特定技术工具，而人工智能则是开启智能时代的关键性技术工具。“人工智能发展进入快车道，很快就渗透到医疗、交通、金融、农业、工业等各个领域。就像18世纪的蒸汽机、19世纪的电力和20世纪的信息技术一样，人工智能具有足够大的技术辐射效应”。正是在此意义上，人工智能将深刻重构人类社会的生产过程和运行方式，逐渐构成人类社会运行发展的底层逻辑，深刻影响和形塑人们的精神生活和价值取向，由此也将构成思想政治教育形态变革的决定性力量。

The transformation of the form of ideological and political education in the intelligent era is essentially a systemic transformation of all elements—subject, object, mediator, and environment—triggered by the intelligent revolution. On the one hand, intelligent interconnection promotes the coupling of all elements of ideological and political education. Technological changes represented by artificial intelligence will reconstruct the organizational form of humanity, gradually generating an intelligent form of networked connections, peer-to-peer interactions, and global integration, greatly enhancing the intelligent characteristics of human society. This transformation of organizational form makes it possible for all things in human society to become nodes in the intelligent world, thereby both accelerating the deep integration of the real society and the virtual society and promoting intelligent interconnection among various nodes. “This integration will create an entirely new world, in which the boundaries between the virtual and the real, between humans and machines, will become blurred, and the mutual empowerment of humans and computers may permanently change the fate of humanity. In a future world composed of the Internet of Everything, humans, and machines, new worldviews, new technological orders, and new moral orders will inevitably emerge.” As a complex systemic project, ideological and political education depends on the coupling of elements within the system—subject, object, mediator, and environment—and also cannot be separated from close collaboration with other subsystems of society. The social operation state of intelligent interconnection will further promote interactive collaboration between the internal and external systems of ideological and political education, truly realizing all-staff, whole-process, all-round education. On the other hand, digital intelligence empowerment promotes the intelligent operation of ideological and political education. Led by artificial intelligence, and jointly driven by technologies such as 5G, the Internet of Things, big data, and blockchain, human society will achieve intelligent operation across all scenarios, all spaces, and all elements. As mentioned earlier, artificial intelligence is an intelligent application technology system comprehensively composed of intelligent perception, intelligent decision-making, and intelligent control. The organic unity and close connection of these three enable artificial intelligence to realize a complete process from perceiving the world, understanding information, making decisions, to executing tasks, becoming a highly autonomous and intelligent technology system. Ideological and political education is a multi-level operational structure, including a micro-level operational system composed of educators, education objects, education content, and education methods; a meso-level operational system composed of family, school, and society; and a macro-level operational system that places ideological and political education within the entire social system. Under the empowerment of digital intelligence, the operational state of each level of ideological and political education will transform toward intelligence, integration, and automation, driving educational practice activities to evolve toward a higher level of intelligent processes.

智能时代的思想政治教育形态变革实质上是由智能革命引发的主体、客体、介体和环体等全要素的系统性变革。一方面，智能互联推动思想政治教育全要素耦合。以人工智能为代表的技术变革将重构人类组织形态，逐渐生成网络化连接、端对端交往和全域一体化的智能形态，极大增强人类社会的智能特性。这种组织形态的变革使得人类社会的全部事物均有可能成为智能世界中的一个节点，从而既加速现实社会与虚拟社会的深度融合，也推动各个节点之间的智能互联。“这种融合将开创一个全新的世界，在这个新世界中，虚拟与现实、人类与机器的界限将变得模糊，人类与计算机的相互赋能或将永久改变人类的命运，在一个万联网、人、机所构成的未来世界，必将催生新的世界观、新的科技秩序与道德秩序。”作为一项复杂的系统工程，思想政治教育有赖于系统内部主体、客体、介体、环体之间的要素耦合，也离不开与社会其他子系统之间的密切协作。智能互联的社会运行状态将进一步推动思想政治教育内外部系统间的交互协作，真正实现全员全程全方位育人。另一方面，数智赋能推动思想政治教育智能化运行。以人工智能为引领，在5G、物联网、大数据、区块链等技术的共同驱动下，人类社会将实现全场景、全空间、全要素的智能化运行。如前所述，人工智能是由智能感知、智能决策和智能操控综合构成的智能应用技术系统，三者的有机统一和密切衔接使得人工智能能够实现从感知世界、理解信息、作出决策到执行任务的完整流程，成为具有高度自主性、智能化的技术系统。思想政治教育是一个多层级的运行结构，包括由教育者、教育对象、教育内容、教育方法等构成的微观运行系统，由家庭、学校、社会等构成的中观运行系统，以及将思想政治教育置于整个社会体系中的宏观运行系统。在数智赋能下，思想政治教育各层级的运行状态将朝着智能化、集成化、自动化方向转变，推动教育实践活动向更高层次的智能化进程演变。

(III) Artificial Intelligence as a “Civilizational Marker” and the Innovative Development of Ideological and Political Education

（三）作为“文明标识”的人工智能与思想政治教育创新发展

The progress of human civilization is inseparable from the transformation of the instruments of production. Artificial intelligence is upgrading from an emerging technology into a dynamically evolving technological system, from a machine tool external to the human essence into a value system embedded within human life, thereby becoming a distinct marker that opens the intelligent civilization of humanity. Historically, when humans began to use simple stone tools, sticks, and the like for rudimentary agricultural activities, they gradually broke free from the barbaric and ignorant state of nature and evolved toward civilization; the invention and use of a large number of agricultural tools and the widespread promotion of agricultural technology gave birth to a more splendid agricultural civilization; the arrival of the Industrial Revolution pushed human civilization to an unprecedented height—“the conquest of the forces of nature, the introduction of machinery, the application of chemistry to industry and agriculture, steam navigation, railways, electric telegraphs, the clearing of whole continents for cultivation, the canalization of rivers, whole populations conjured out of the ground”—rapidly painting a picture of the prosperity of industrial civilization; the information technology revolution relying on the internet broke through the boundaries between the real world and the virtual world, giving birth to the information civilization of the Internet of Everything. The rapid development of artificial intelligence has opened up the prospect of intelligent civilization, heralding a new form of civilization different from agricultural civilization, industrial civilization, and information civilization, marking the possible direction of the evolution of the mode of human existence and social form. Artificial intelligence technology continuously breaks through the research boundaries and technological chasms that traditional science finds difficult to cross, gradually blurring the boundary between humans and machines. From the development trend of intelligent technology, it is an inevitable direction for artificial intelligence to acquire more powerful intelligent capabilities. If regarding “the first ultraintelligent machine as the last invention that humanity needs to make” as a pessimistic presupposition about the development trend of artificial intelligence technology, then reflecting on the reconstruction of human civilization by artificial intelligence is a necessary philosophical reflection for the intelligent era.

人类文明的进步离不开生产工具的变革。人工智能正在从一项新兴技术升级为动态演化的技术体系，从外在于人类本体的机器工具演变为内嵌于人类生活的价值体系，进而成为开启人类智能文明的鲜明标识。历史地看，当人类开始使用简陋的石器、棍棒等从事简单的农事活动时，人类逐渐摆脱野蛮蒙昧的自然状态，朝着文明方向演进；大量农具的发明使用和农业技术的大范围推广，催生了更加璀璨的农业文明；工业革命的到来将人类文明推至前所未有的高度，“自然力的征服，机器的采用，化学在工业和农业中的应用，轮船的行驶，铁路的通行，电报的使用，整个整个大陆的开垦，河川的通航，仿佛用法术从地下呼唤出来的大量人口”,迅速绘就了一幅工业文明的繁荣景象；依托互联网展开的信息技术革命突破了现实世界与虚拟世界的边界，孕育了万物互联的信息文明。人工智能的迅猛发展则开启了智能文明的图景，昭示着一种不同于农业文明、工业文明、信息文明的新的文明样态，标注着人的存在样态和社会形态发展演化的可能性方向。人工智能技术不断突破着传统科学难以逾越的研究边界和技术天堑，日渐模糊着人类与机器的界限。从智能技术的发展趋势来看，人工智能获得更加强大的智能能力是必然路向，如果将“第一台超智能机器是人类所需要做的最后一项发明”视为对人工智能技术发展趋向的悲观预设，那么思考人工智能对人类文明的重构则是智能时代所必需的哲学反思。

Ideological and political education is both a “civilizational phenomenon” and a “civilizational process.” As a “civilizational phenomenon,” ideological and political education is generated within a specific civilizational soil and centrally reflects the spiritual qualities and practical requirements of that civilization. As a “civilizational process,” ideological and political education inherently contains the value orientation of promoting the progress of human civilization and shaping the form of human civilization. On the one hand, ideological and political education continuously innovates and develops within the new civilizational soil opened up by artificial intelligence. From a practical perspective, ideological and political education encompasses many links and elements such as subject establishment, object analysis, content selection, method application, and scenario construction, all of which contain a large amount of data and information. The super-strong computing power of artificial intelligence can quickly and efficiently complete the calculation, analysis, and sharing of data and information, thereby more rationally designing the implementation steps of ideological and political education. Thus, artificial intelligence will promote systemic change and intelligent upgrading of ideological and political education, achieving an intelligent upgrade from “experience-based” to “evidence-based.” On the other hand, ideological and political education provides the value force of goodness in deep interaction with artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology is gradually embedded within the value system of human life, inevitably affecting, impacting, and even reconstructing human subjectivity and value systems. Generally speaking, technology is an important driving force for expanding the dimensions of human development and can provide possible conditions for the free and comprehensive development of human beings. However, under real conditions, technology often serves capital accumulation, and the technological system is inevitably stamped with a profound brand of capital. In the intelligent era, capital’s domination over people no longer relies on direct physical threat but, through forms of deskilling and immaterial labor, forces people to be coerced into dependence on, or even active participation in, the dual shackles of technology and capital. Against this background, ideological and political education needs to fully exert its own value-guiding role, upholding the ontological significance and essential power of human beings in the evolutionary process of artificial intelligence technology, so that artificial intelligence technology truly returns to human freedom and liberation.

思想政治教育既是一种“文明现象”，也是一种“文明进程”。作为“文明现象”，思想政治教育生成于特定的文明土壤之中，集中反映着这种文明的精神品质和实践要求。作为“文明进程”，思想政治教育内在蕴含推动人类文明进步、形塑人类文明形态的价值取向。一方面，思想政治教育在人工智能所开辟的新的文明土壤中不断创新发展。从现实表现来看，思想政治教育涵盖主体确立、客体分析、内容选取、方法运用、情景构建等诸多环节和要素，这些环节和要素包含大量的数据信息。人工智能所具有的超强运算能力能够快速高效地完成数据信息测算、分析及共享，从而更加合理地设计思想政治教育的展开步骤。由此，人工智能将推动思想政治教育实现系统变革和智能升级，实现从“经验化”到“实证化”的智能升级。另一方面，思想政治教育在与人工智能的深度互动中提供向善的价值力量。人工智能技术逐渐内嵌于人类生活的价值体系之中，不可避免地影响、冲击乃至重构人类的主体地位和价值体系。一般而言，技术是拓展人的发展向度的重要推动力，能够为人的自由全面发展提供可能条件，但在现实条件下，技术往往服务于资本增殖，技术体系不可避免地会打上深刻的资本烙印。智能时代，资本对人的宰制不再依赖直接的身体威胁，而是以去技能化、非物质劳动的形式，使得人被迫依附甚至主动参与技术和资本的双重钳制。在此背景下，思想政治教育需要充分发挥自身的价值引导作用，在人工智能技术的演进过程中挺立人的存在论意义和本质性力量，使人工智能技术真正复归于人的自由和解放。

II. The Complex Effects of the Deep Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Ideological and Political Education

二、人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的复杂效应

Whether the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education can be transformed into reality and achieve good results depends both on continuous breakthroughs in theoretical research and on sufficient accumulation in practical work. Overall, the deep integration of the two will show profound and complex effects on the essential attributes, life significance, and practical process of ideological and political education.

人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合能否转化为现实并获得良好成效，既有赖于理论研究的不断突破，也有赖于实践工作的充分积累。总体来看，二者的深度融合对思想政治教育的本质属性、生命意义、实践过程都将展现出深刻而复杂的效应。

(I) Making the Essential Attributes of Ideological and Political Education More Prominent

（一）促使思想政治教育的本质属性更趋突出

The attribute of ideology is the essential attribute of ideological and political education. The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education makes the essential attributes of ideological and political education more prominent, centrally manifesting as the ontological dimension of further strengthening the ideological attribute of ideological and political education itself, and the axiological dimension of ideological and political education guiding the benign development of artificial intelligence technology.

意识形态属性是思想政治教育的本质属性。人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合使得思想政治教育的本质属性更趋突出，集中彰显为思想政治教育自身的意识形态属性进一步强化的本体论向度，以及思想政治教育引导人工智能技术良性发展的价值论向度。

The technological logic of artificial intelligence and the ideological function it implies will further strengthen the ideological attribute of ideological and political education. Artificial intelligence is both a technological proposition and an ideological proposition. In Horkheimer’s words, “Not only metaphysics but also the science it criticizes are ideological things.” [6]6 Max Horkheimer, “The Social Function of Philosophy,” in *Critical Theory: Selected Essays*, trans. Matthew J. O’Connell et al. (New York: Continuum, 2002), 253. The original German is “Nicht nur die Metaphysik, sondern auch die von ihr kritisierte Wissenschaft ist Ideologie.” The embedding logic of artificial intelligence in the ideological field is based on content generation. Through the systematic integration of big data collection and algorithmic推送 [7]7 The Chinese term “推送” (tuīsòng) refers to algorithm-driven content recommendation or push notification, a standard feature of digital platforms., it generates special content involving human value judgments and value choices, such as values, viewpoints, and logic, in the capacity of a content producer, thereby exerting a hidden ideological function. Thus, in the context of the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education, the ideological attribute of ideological and political education will become more prominent. This is determined not only by the ideological attribute of ideological and political education itself but also by the ideological function implied by artificial intelligence itself.

人工智能的技术逻辑及其所隐含的意识形态功能，将进一步强化思想政治教育的意识形态属性。人工智能既是一项技术命题，也是一项意识形态命题。用霍克海默的话说，“不仅形而上学，而且还有它所批评的科学，皆为意识形态的东西”。人工智能在意识形态领域的嵌入逻辑以内容生成为基础，通过大数据收集与算法推送的系统整合，以内容生产者的身份生成价值、观点、逻辑等涉及人类价值判断和价值选择的特殊性内容，从而发挥隐形的意识形态功能。由此，在人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的背景下，思想政治教育的意识形态属性将更趋突出，这不仅是由思想政治教育自身的意识形态属性决定的，也是由人工智能自身隐含的意识形态功能决定的。

The technical flaws of artificial intelligence and the ideological risks they imply inherently require ideological and political education to fully exert its ideological guiding function, ensuring that artificial intelligence technology develops in the correct direction. As a technological form still in its infancy, artificial intelligence has many technical flaws, hiding the potential risk of moving from “technological opportunity” to “technological Leviathan.” Currently, artificial intelligence has gradually shown a trend of combining with technological power, political power, cultural power, etc., thereby gradually evolving into a dominant force that profoundly affects and regulates the economic, political, and cultural development of human society. When artificial intelligence deeply intervenes in social operation, the interaction between technological power and ideology will further intensify the game between various ideological forces, making it an important tool for controlling the ideological field. Regarding this, Marcuse once pointed out, “The rationality of technology reveals its political character, because it becomes a handy tool for more effective domination and creates a truly totalitarian domain.” [8]8 Herbert Marcuse, *One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society* (Boston: Beacon Press, 1964), xvi. Thus, to make artificial intelligence technology develop in the correct direction, it is necessary to fully exert the dominant ideological inculcation function of ideological and political education, ensuring the iterative development of artificial intelligence technology itself and the positive trend of its application and penetration in various fields.

人工智能的技术瑕疵及其所隐含的意识形态风险，内在需要思想政治教育充分发挥其意识形态引领功能，以确保人工智能技术沿着正确的方向发展。作为一项尚处在起步阶段的技术形态，人工智能存在诸多技术瑕疵，隐藏着从“技术机遇”走向“技术利维坦”的潜在风险。当前，人工智能已渐次呈现出技术与资本权力、政治权力、文化权力等相结合的态势，从而逐步演化为深刻影响和规制人类社会经济、政治、文化发展的支配力量。当人工智能深度介入社会运行，技术权力与意识形态的交互作用将进一步加剧各种意识形态力量之间的博弈，并使之成为控制意识形态领域的重要工具。对此马尔库塞曾指出，“技术的合理性展示出它的政治特性，因为它变成更有效统治的得力工具，并创造出一个真正的极权主义领域”。由此，若要使人工智能技术沿着正确的方向发展，就必须充分发挥思想政治教育的主导意识形态灌输功能，确保人工智能技术自身的迭代发展及其对各领域应用渗透的积极趋向。

(II) Making the Life Significance of Ideological and Political Education More Manifest

（二）促使思想政治教育的生命意义更趋彰显

Reviewing the history of human development, in the agricultural period, the ability of manual tools to transform the natural environment was limited; human society was in a subordinate position to nature, and the natural environment was the dominant force determining the mode of human production and life. In the industrial period, the development and progress of science and technology and the systematic development of machinery fully manifested human subjectivity; humans continuously proved their own subjective identity and life value in the process of technological evolution. When artificial intelligence gradually becomes an essential force influencing and even shaping human beings themselves and constitutes a key element of their existence, how humans prove their own life significance in this social-historical situation will become a major issue in the ontological sense of human existence.

回顾人类发展历史，农业时期，手工工具对自然环境的改造能力有限，人类社会处于自然界的附庸地位，自然环境是决定人类生产生活方式的主导力量。工业时期，科学技术的发展进步、机器机械的体系化发展充分彰显了人类的主体性地位，人类在技术演进过程中不断证成自身的主体身份和生命价值。当人工智能逐渐成为影响乃至塑造人类自身的本质性力量并构成其生存于其中的关键性要素时，人类在这种社会历史处境中如何证成自己的生命意义，将成为人类存在论意义上的重大问题。

Ideological and political education is a practical activity that manifests human life significance and reveals human subjective value. The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education will help educators and educational objects achieve intelligent interaction and deep mutual embedding, thereby further manifesting human life significance in deep interaction. From the perspective of modern ideological and political education concepts, the relationship between the two sides in the process of ideological and political education is a two-way interactive relationship. Artificial intelligence technology will greatly enhance the closeness, convenience, and breadth of the two-way interaction between educators and educational objects, becoming a key technological element for benign interaction between subject and object in the educational process. From the perspective of information and intelligent interaction, language is the carrier of information and also the tool for intelligent subjects to communicate with each other. The essence of human-machine dialogue is the real-time interaction between natural language and machine language. This form of quasi-human communication can fully mobilize human autonomy and initiative, enriching new forms and new patterns of dialogue and communication between subject and object. At the same time, artificial intelligence can capture the facial expressions, postures, and actions of educational objects in real time for instant analysis, and through intelligent model analysis, help educators understand the psychological state and emotional appeals of educational objects in a timely manner, achieving more precise, timely, and effective emotional communication.

思想政治教育是彰显人的生命意义、开显人的主体价值的实践活动。人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合，将助力教育者与教育对象实现智能交互、深层互嵌，从而在深度交互中进一步彰显人的生命意义。从现代思想政治教育理念来看，思想政治教育过程中教育双方是一种双向互动的关系。人工智能技术将极大增强教育者与教育对象双向互动的紧密性、便捷性和广域性，成为教育过程中主客体良性互动的关键技术要素。从信息与智能交互的角度来看，语言是信息的载体，同时也是智能主体相互交流的工具。人机对话的实质是自然语言与机器语言的即时交互，这种形式上的类人化交流能够充分调动人的自主性和积极性，丰富主客体对话交流的新形式和新形态。同时，人工智能能够实时捕捉教育对象的面部表情、姿势动作等数据进行即时分析，并通过智能模型分析帮助教育者及时了解教育对象的心理状态和情感诉求，实现更加精准、及时、有效的情感沟通。

There is a huge paradox in the two-way interaction between science and technology and human beings. The development of science and technology liberates humans from the finitude of the body, while at the same time it may place humans in a cage woven by science and technology, even transgressing the subjective status and life significance of being human. Specifically regarding artificial intelligence, this technology, whose basic logic is to simulate, surpass, or even replace humans, relies on its powerful data collection, algorithmic analysis, and trajectory tracking capabilities, easily causing the subjects of ideological and political education to fall into blind worship of technological rationality while neglecting the value guidance of people. Against this background, ideological and political education must more prominently affirm the value of human existence and care for the significance of human life. Only by closely centering on people, caring for people, and serving people can it overcome the feelings of being transgressed, replaced, negated, and abandoned caused by artificial intelligence technology to humans, enabling people to become human and possess all their own essence.

科学技术与人类的双向互动存在着巨大的悖论。科学技术的发展将人类从身体的有限性中解放出来，同时又有可能将人类置于科学技术编织的牢笼中，甚至僭越人之为人的主体地位和生命意义。具体到人工智能，这种以模拟人、超越人甚至取代人为基本逻辑的技术，凭借其强大的数据收集、算法分析和轨迹跟踪能力，容易使思想政治教育主体陷入对技术理性的盲目崇拜，而忽视对人的价值引导。在此背景下，思想政治教育必须更加凸显对人的存在价值的确证以及对人的生命意义的观照。只有紧紧围绕人、观照人、服务人，才能克服人工智能技术给人类造成的被僭越、被替代、被否定、被遗弃的感受，使人成为人并占有自己的全部本质。

(III) Making the Practical Process of Ideological and Political Education More Flexible

（三）促使思想政治教育的实践过程更趋灵活

The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological-political education is driving the scenes of ideological-political education to become more simulated and ubiquitous. Ideological-political education cannot be separated from specific ecosystems, such as the common ecosystems of family, school, and society; it is precisely these concrete scenes that constitute a complete ecosystem, enabling educational activities to proceed smoothly and achieve good results. In recent years, intelligent technologies such as extended reality, the Internet of Things, and blockchain have accelerated their integration and collaborative innovation, redefining the spatiotemporal organizational forms and perceptual-interactive modes of "human, machine, object, and environment." By constructing scenes anywhere, they have realized the concrete presentation of ideology, helping ideological-political education activities break through spatiotemporal constraints and pushing the scenes of ideological-political education toward simulation, ubiquity, and intelligence. From a temporal dimension, ideological-political educators can rely on artificial intelligence to track the behavioral trajectories of educational subjects around the clock, create practical scenes that align with educational themes at any time, and achieve an organic connection between historical memory, real life, and future visions. From a spatial dimension, artificial intelligence is gradually blurring the boundaries between reality and virtuality, body and mind, so that the scenes of ideological-political education are no longer limited by physical space. This enables the subjects of ideological-political education to achieve emotional resonance and cognitive inter-embedding in highly simulated scenes, thereby potentially advancing an educational practice transformation where immersion equals experience, display equals panorama, and what is seen equals what occurs.

人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合促使思想政治教育场景更趋仿真化、泛在化。思想政治教育离不开特定的生态系统，例如家庭、学校、社会等常见的生态系统，正是一个个具体的场景构成了完整的生态系统，使得教育活动能够顺利开展并取得良好效果。近年来，扩展现实、物联网、区块链等智能技术加速融合、协同创新，重新定义了“人、机、物、环境”的时空组织形态与感知交互模式，以随处可建的场景实现了意识形态的具象化呈现，助力思想政治教育活动打破时空限制，推动思想政治教育场景趋于仿真化、泛在化、智能化。从时间维度来看，思想政治教育者能够依托人工智能全时段追踪教育对象的行为轨迹，随时创设符合教育主题的实践场景，并实现历史记忆、现实生活与未来设想的有机贯通。从空间维度来看，人工智能逐渐模糊了现实与虚拟、身体与心理的界限，使得思想政治教育场景不再受限于物理空间，使得思想政治教育对象能够在高度仿真的场景中实现情感共鸣和认知互嵌，从而有望推进沉浸即体验、展示即全景、所见即发生的教育实践变革。

The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological-political education is driving the subject-object relationship in ideological-political education toward "strong interaction." The issue of the subject-object relationship in ideological-political education is a fundamental problem in the theory and practice of ideological-political education. Whether it is the "single-subject theory," "dual-subject theory," or "intersubjectivity," one must acknowledge the interactive characteristics of the subject and object in ideological-political education. From the perspective of genetic phenomenology, intersubjectivity, as the original starting point of human cognitive activity, means that the occurrence of education is a process of meaning generation based on intersubjectivity. Artificial intelligence will open up a new path of "strong interaction" between the subject and object of ideological-political education, potentially overcoming the previous interaction dilemma dominated by one-way indoctrination. On the one hand, ubiquitous scenes provide diverse fields for subject-object interaction. The exchange and interaction between educators and educational subjects require specific practical scenes. Using intelligent technology to construct different types of interactive scenes in real time, and employing technologies such as digital profiling, embodied immersion, and intelligent perception to achieve high simulation and embodiment of interactive scenes, not only provides diverse interactive scenes for the subject and object of ideological-political education but also enhances the pertinence and appeal of ideological-political courses through more vivid, intuitive, and authentic modes of presentation. On the other hand, technological integration innovates the modes of subject-object interaction. Human modes of interaction deepen with the development of science and technology, from face-to-face communication to internet communication, from verbal exchange to behavioral interaction, from "weak interaction" to "strong interaction," the interactivity and sense of co-presence between subject and object are continuously enhanced. Currently, the organic integration of intelligent technologies such as virtual reality technology, brain-computer interface technology, and affective computing technology means that various interactive forms, including holographic simulated interaction, brain-computer interaction, and affective interaction, are profoundly influencing ideological-political education, providing strong technical support for educators and educational subjects to achieve more natural and efficient interaction.

人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合促使思想政治教育主客体关系更趋“强交互”。思想政治教育主客体关系问题是思想政治教育理论和实践的基本问题。无论是“单主体说”“双主体说”“主体间性”，都不得不承认思想政治教育主客体的交互性特征。从发生现象学的视角看，交互主体性作为人的认识活动发生的原初开端，意味着教育的发生是基于交互主体性的意义生成过程。人工智能将开辟思想政治教育主客体“强交互”的全新路向，有望破解以往以单向灌输为主导的交互困境。一方面，泛在化场景为主客体交互提供多样场域。教育者与教育对象之间的交流互动需要特定的实践场景。运用智能技术实时构建不同类型的互动场景，借助数字画像、具身沉浸、智能感知等技术实现互动场景的高度仿真化、具身性，不仅为思想政治教育主客体提供多样的交互场景，也以更加生动鲜活、直观真实的呈现方式增强思政课的针对性和吸引力。另一方面，技术融合为主客体交互创新互动方式。人类的交互方式随着科学技术的发展不断深入，从面对面交流到互联网沟通，从话语交流到行为交互，从“弱交互”到“强交互”，主客体之间的互动性和共存感不断增强。当前，虚拟现实技术、脑机接口技术、情感计算技术等智能技术的有机融合，使得全息仿真交互、脑机交互、情感交互等多种交互形式正深刻影响思想政治教育，为教育者和教育对象实现更加自然、高效的交互提供强有力的技术支撑。

The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological-political education is driving the evaluation of ideological-political education toward greater quantification and precision. The technological integration of big data, computing power, and algorithms provides an unprecedented technological opportunity for the quantification and precision of ideological-political education evaluation. The datafication of objects, practical activities, and even humans together brings about the datafication of education. On this basis, artificial intelligence can conduct all-time, all-platform data tracking and monitoring of educational subjects, analyzing in real time the trends in their ideological and behavioral changes; it can make full-process recordings and intelligent analyses of educational practice activities, and provide immediate data feedback and effect evaluation based on the interactive information between subject and object during the educational process. At the same time, the basic operational logic of artificial intelligence is "applying mathematical algorithms to massive data to predict the probability of events occurring." Thus, by collecting massive data and mining potential patterns such as changes in the thoughts and behaviors of educational subjects, the development and changes of educational activities, and the interaction between educational subjects and objects, it can provide basic guidance for the evaluation of ideological-political education. The powerful computing power network composed of cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, etc., will achieve deep integration of network, cloud, data, intelligence, security, edge, terminal, and chain, gradually constructing an intelligent model for describing educational systems, mining educational laws, and solving educational problems, laying the foundational architecture for precise evaluation of ideological-political education.

人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合促使思想政治教育评估更趋定量化、精准化。大数据、算力和算法的技术融合为思想政治教育评估实现定量化、精准化提供了前所未有的技术契机。物、实践活动乃至人的数据化共同造就了教育的数据化。在此基础上，人工智能可以对教育对象进行全时段、全平台的数据追踪监测，实时分析教育对象的思想行为变化趋势；对教育实践活动作全程记录和智能分析，并依据教育过程中主客体交互信息进行即时数据反馈和效果评估。同时，人工智能的基本运行逻辑就是“把数学算法运用到海量的数据上来预测事情发生的可能性”。由此，通过收集海量数据，挖掘教育对象思想行为变化、教育活动变化发展以及教育主客体互动等潜在规律，能够为思想政治教育评估提供基本遵循。由云计算、雾计算、边缘计算等共同构成的强大的算力网络，将实现网、云、数、智、安、边、端、链等深度融合，逐步构建教育系统描述、教育规律挖掘、教育问题解决的智能模式，为思想政治教育奠定精准化评估的基础架构。

III. Possible Pathways for the Deep Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Ideological-Political Education

三、人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的可能进路

Having clarified the foundational premises and complex effects of the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological-political education, the next question we face is "how to promote integration." From the perspective of the relationship between technology and ideological-political education, the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological-political education inherently implies a two-way convergence of "technology and ideological-political education." To achieve their deep integration, it is necessary to promote complementary advantages, deepen functional articulation, and facilitate coordinated development.

在明确了人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的前提基础和复杂效应之后，接下来我们面临的问题便是“如何促进融合”。从技术与思想政治教育的关系来看，人工智能与思想政治教育的深度融合内在指涉“技术—思政”的双向奔赴，实现二者的深度融合，要推动优势互补、深化功能衔接、促进协调发展。

(I) Promoting Complementary Advantages between Artificial Intelligence and Ideological-Political Education

（一）推动人工智能与思想政治教育的优势互补

Data, algorithms, and computing power are the "three carriages" driving the rapid development of artificial intelligence; correspondingly, massive data, deep learning, and ultra-strong computing constitute the unique advantages of artificial intelligence. Promoting complementary advantages between artificial intelligence and ideological-political education means fully leveraging the technological advantages of artificial intelligence according to the distinctive characteristics of ideological-political education, thereby enhancing the digitalization, scientization, and intelligence level of ideological-political education.

数据、算法和算力是拉动人工智能快速发展的“三驾马车”，与之相对应，海量数据、深度学习和超强运算构成了人工智能的独特优势。推动人工智能与思想政治教育的优势互补，就是要根据思想政治教育的显著特点，充分发挥人工智能的技术优势，提升思想政治教育的数字化、科学化和智能化水平。

Using massive data to improve the digitalization level of ideological-political education. In response to the development of intelligent technology, promoting the digital transformation of education is a major trend in the educational field. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "Educational digitalization is an important breakthrough for China to open up new tracks for educational development and shape new advantages in educational development." [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Fifth Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee," *People's Daily*, May 30, 2023. The transformation of intelligent technologies represented by artificial intelligence profoundly affects human society, and data is gradually becoming the essential determination and mode of existence of all things. "Computers, smartphones, various smart home appliances, closely collect our every word and action, understand us more and more through computational modeling, making the simplest daily activities such as reading news, exercising, eating, listening to music, and traveling into grand data ceremonies." [10]10 Duan Weiwen, *The Age of Data: The History of a New Civilization* (Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House, 2018), p. 1. As a complex educational practice activity, ideological-political education has the distinctive characteristic of being data-intensive. Promoting the complementary advantages and two-way empowerment of artificial intelligence's massive data and ideological-political education's data intensity is determined both by the basic logic of artificial intelligence technology and by the inherent characteristics of ideological-political education. It is the necessary path for the systemic transformation and intelligent upgrading of ideological-political education.

以海量数据提高思想政治教育的数字化水平。因应智能技术的发展，推动教育数字化转型是教育领域的大势所趋。习近平总书记深刻指出：“教育数字化是我国开辟教育发展新赛道和塑造教育发展新优势的重要突破口。”以人工智能为代表的智能技术变革深刻影响人类社会，数据逐渐成为万事万物的本质规定和存在方式。“计算机、智能手机、各种智能家居用品，贴身收集着我们的一言一行，通过计算建模越来越了解我们，使得看新闻、运动健身、吃饭、听歌、出行等这些最简单的日常活动都成为一次次隆重的数据盛典。”作为一项复杂的教育实践活动，思想政治教育具有数据密集的显著特点，推动人工智能海量数据与思想政治教育数据密集的优势互补和双向赋能，既是由人工智能技术的基础逻辑所决定的，也是由思想政治教育的内在特点所决定的，是思想政治教育系统变革和智能升级的必由之路。

Enhancing the intelligent level of ideological and political education through deep learning. Deep learning is the technological prerequisite for artificial intelligence to possess powerful learning and comprehension capabilities. It has not only achieved a technological breakthrough in AI but also opened up a new paradigm for human knowledge acquisition. Taking deep learning technology as an opportunity, it will enable the effective extraction of data patterns and the intelligent prediction of educational activities, thereby raising the intelligent level of ideological and political education. On the one hand, the extraction of data patterns is the foundation of intelligent ideological and political education. Data is not only an intrinsic element running through the entire process of ideological and political education but also an internal driving force for its intelligent development. By leveraging deep learning as a lever, basic patterns are abstracted from massive data, enabling "information to accumulate into knowledge; knowledge to deepen into understanding; understanding to evolve into wisdom," thus realizing the transformation and upgrading from data to information, knowledge, and wisdom. On the other hand, the realization of intelligent prediction is the key to intelligent ideological and political education. Conducting precise predictions around the dynamic changes and evolutionary trends of the educational object's thoughts and behaviors is both a requirement for feedback on the effectiveness of the previous stage of ideological and political education and a prerequisite for formulating the plan for the next stage. Intelligent prediction is an activity process that summarizes general patterns from large amounts of data and carries out forward-looking predictions. It can provide an important technological foundation for achieving precise predictions in ideological and political education, represent the perceptual experience in the ideological and political education process through technological rationality, and form the normativity and predictability of scientific logic.

以深度学习提高思想政治教育的智能化水平。深度学习是人工智能拥有强大的学习和理解能力的技术前提，不仅实现了人工智能的技术突破，也开拓了人类获取知识的全新范式。以深度学习技术为契机，将实现数据规律的有效提取和教育活动的智能预测，从而提高思想政治教育的智能化水平。一方面，数据规律的提取是思想政治教育智能化的基础。数据不仅是贯穿思想政治教育全过程的内在要素，也是思想政治教育智能化发展的内在动力。以深度学习为抓手，从海量数据中抽象出基本规律，使“信息积累成知识；知识深化成理解；理解演变为智慧”,将实现从数据到信息、知识和智慧的转变升级。另一方面，智能预测的实现是思想政治教育智能化的关键。围绕教育对象思想行为的动态变化及演进趋势展开精准预测，既是前一阶段思想政治教育成效反馈的要求，也是下一阶段思想政治教育方案制定的前提。智能预测是从大量数据中总结出一般规律并展开前瞻性预测的活动过程，能够为思想政治教育实现精准预测提供重要的技术基底，以技术理性表征思想政治教育过程中的感性经验，并形成科学逻辑的规范性与预测性。

Enhancing the scientific level of ideological and political education through supercomputing. Driven by supercomputing, intelligent computation is carried out around massive data on thoughts and behaviors, promoting the formation of an intelligent model for ideological and political education. On the one hand, computational analysis based on computational experiments and the mining of educational patterns. Computational experiments are "experiments conducted in a virtual 'laboratory' built on computers, simulating the dynamic evolution process of various possible social phenomena and situations." [11]11 Original source: Wang Feiyue, "Computational Experiments for Behavior Analysis and Policy Evaluation of Complex Systems," *Journal of Management Sciences in China*, 2004, no. 6, p. 21. Anchored to the tasks of ideological and political education, focusing on the analysis, prediction, and assessment of the educational object's thoughts and behaviors, it conducts analysis of the behavioral characteristics of the educational object and the effectiveness analysis of ideological and political education, thereby extracting patterns such as the evolutionary pattern of the educational object's thoughts, the pattern of behavioral interaction between the educational subject and object, and the pattern of mutual shaping between the subject and the environment, continuously improving the understanding of the laws of ideological and political education. On the other hand, computational analysis based on parallel systems and the realization of educational goals. The parallel systems of ideological and political education mainly refer to other social subsystems. These systems are structurally matched, temporally and spatially synchronized, and move in the same direction and at the same pace as ideological and political education. Applying supercomputing to the process of two-way interaction between ideological and political education and parallel systems can not only enable other social subsystems to provide data prediction, practical management, and experience reference for ideological and political education but also enable ideological and political education to provide data feedback, evaluation and judgment, and theoretical correction for other social subsystems, thereby achieving the goals of ideological and political education through benign interaction.

以超强运算提高思想政治教育的科学化水平。以超强运算为驱动，围绕海量的思想行为数据进行智能运算，推动形成思想政治教育智能模式。一方面，基于计算实验的计算分析与教育规律挖掘。计算实验是“在以计算机为基础构建的虚拟‘实验室’中，开展各种可能的社会现象和情形的动态演变过程的实验”。锚定思想政治教育任务，聚焦教育对象思想行为的分析、预测与评估，开展教育对象的行为特征分析以及思想政治教育效能分析，进而提炼出教育对象的思想演进规律、教育主客体间的行为互动规律以及主体环境互塑规律等，不断提高对思想政治教育的规律性认识。另一方面，基于平行系统的计算分析与教育目标实现。思想政治教育的平行系统主要是指其他社会子系统，这些系统与思想政治教育的结构匹配、时空同步及同向同行。将超强运算运用于思想政治教育与平行系统双向互动的过程，既可以实现其他社会子系统对思想政治教育的数据预测、实践管理以及经验借鉴，又可以实现思想政治教育对其他社会子系统的数据反馈、评估判断以及理论纠偏，从而在良性互动中实现思想政治教育目标。

(II) Deepening the functional integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education

（二）深化人工智能与思想政治教育的功能衔接

The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education inherently contains the effective integration of ideological and political education with different types of intelligent technologies. The necessary intermediary for this integration is the issues faced by ideological and political education in the intelligent era: the "what machines can do" problem, the "what humans and machines can do together" problem, and the "what humans can do" problem.

人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合内在蕴含着思想政治教育与不同类型智能技术的有效衔接，而这种衔接的必要中介便是智能时代思想政治教育面临的“机器可为”问题、“人机可为”问题、“人类可为”问题。

Marx pointed out that machines "are organs of the human brain, created by the human hand; the power of knowledge, objectified." [12]12 Karl Marx, *Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie* (Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1995), vol. 2, p. 212. From this perspective, artificial intelligence is precisely the "organ of the human will" and the "organ of the human brain," an external extension of the human body's organs, capable of helping humans solve large-scale, complex, and even societal problems. Regarding ideological and political education, this mainly includes three aspects: First, solving large-scale "what machines can do" problems with supportive intelligent technologies. In the supportive intelligence form, AI is primarily data-driven intelligence, realized through technologies such as knowledge representation, symbolic computation, probability and statistics, and automated reasoning. Its essence lies in executing standardized processes based on certain rules, completing complex calculations with high speed and accuracy. Supportive intelligence can undertake the task of assisting ideological and political theory course teaching, leveraging its significant advantages in data collection, storage, analysis, and transmission to fully integrate into the entire process of ideological and political education, helping teachers complete large-scale tasks such as homework grading and learning recommendations. Second, solving complex "what humans and machines can do together" problems with augmented intelligent technologies. Augmented intelligence is an extension of human intelligence, a product of the fusion and symbiosis of humans and machines. Through the organic integration of technologies such as neural networks, supervised learning, and deep learning, the augmented intelligence form can achieve the interpretation and causal analysis of events in ideological and political theory course teaching, providing personalized learning support services such as classroom monitoring, emotional encouragement, and learning path recommendations; it can break through technical bottlenecks such as multi-modal data collection and fusion, intelligent analysis, and explainable computation in large-scale mixed contexts, continuously enhancing the intelligent level of ideological and political education. Third, optimizing societal "what humans can do" problems with human-machine collaboration technologies. After long-term development, machines have gradually transformed from "man-made objects" external to the human body into "humanized objects" deeply embedded within the human body. Human-machine collaboration is an inherent requirement and technological trend for achieving harmonious symbiosis between humans and machines in the intelligent era. Therefore, exploring the establishment of human-machine collaborative teaching methods, learning environments, assessment and monitoring, etc., to promote the synchronous interweaving of the cultivation of people's ideological and moral character with the value guidance of machines, is not only a full manifestation of the technological logic of ideological and political education but also a full embodiment of the essence of value leadership and humanistic care in ideological and political education.

马克思指出，机器“是人的产业劳动的产物，是转化为人的意志驾驭自然界的器官或者说在自然界实现人的意志的器官的自然物质。它们是人的手创造出来的人脑的器官；是对象化的知识力量”。由此观之，人工智能正是“人的意志的器官”和“人脑的器官”，是人的身体器官的外在延伸，能够帮助人类解决规模化、复杂化乃至社会化问题。就思想政治教育而言，主要包括三个方面：第一，以支持性智能技术解决规模化的“机器可为”问题。在支持智能形态中，人工智能主要为数据驱动型智能，通过知识表示、符号计算、概率统计、自动推理等技术得以实现，其本质在于基于一定的规则执行标准化流程，以高速度与准确性完成复杂计算。支持智能可以承担辅助思政课教学的任务，利用其在数据采集、储存、分析、传输等方面的显著优势，全面融入思想政治教育全过程，帮助教师完成作业批改、学习推荐等规模化任务。第二，以增强性智能技术解决复杂化的“人机可为”问题。增强智能是对人类智能的延伸，是人类与机器融合共生的产物。在神经网络、监督学习、深度学习等技术的有机融合下，增强智能形态能够实现对思政课教学事件的释义与解因，提供课堂监测、情感激励和学习路径推荐等个性化学习支持服务；能够突破大规模混合情境下多模态数据采集与融合、智能化分析与可解释性计算等技术瓶颈，持续提升思想政治教育的智能化水平。第三，以人机协同技术优化社会化的“人类可为”问题。历经长时段发展，机器从外在于人类身体的“人造之物”逐渐成为深嵌于人类身体内部的“人化之物”。人机协同是智能时代实现人类与机器和谐共生的内在要求与技术趋势，因此，探索建立人机协同的教学方式、学习情境、评估监测等，促进人的思想道德培育与机器的价值引导同步交织，既是思想政治教育技术逻辑的充分彰显，也是思想政治教育价值引领和人文关怀本质的充分体现。

(III) Promoting the coordinated development of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education

（三）促进人工智能与思想政治教育的协调发展

The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education is determined both by the external driving force of AI technology development and by the internal driving force of the innovative development of ideological and political education itself. It is the result of a "two-way endeavor" between ideological and political education and artificial intelligence. The underlying logic of this "endeavor" lies in coordinated development. For this reason, it is necessary to be problem-oriented and focus on solving issues such as the legitimacy, effectiveness, and innovativeness of ideological and political education under the conditions of artificial intelligence. Only in this way can the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education be truly realized.

人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合既是由人工智能技术发展这一外部动力所决定的，也是由思想政治教育创新发展这一内部动力所驱动的，是思想政治教育与人工智能“双向奔赴”的结果。这种“奔赴”的底层逻辑就在于协调发展，为此就需要以问题为导向，着力解决好人工智能条件下思想政治教育的合法性、实效性、创新性等问题，唯有如此，才能真正实现人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合。

Resolve the question of legitimacy concerning “why ideological and political education is necessary.” Artificial intelligence is continuously reshaping the time-space of human life and the human mode of being-in-the-world, bringing severe challenges to human society’s moral norms, ethical standards, and behavioral codes. “The excessive diffusion of digitalization carries the danger of losing the self; many people live in information, and their capacity for thought and emotion declines.” [13]13 The source of this quotation is not provided in the original text. Ideological and political education opens up the practical power of possible life toward the coming intelligent era, providing the power of “moving toward the good” for the individual’s intelligent existence. The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education is the intelligent turn in the innovative development of ideological and political education; it is neither a comprehensive deconstruction of ideological and political education, nor, still less, a comprehensive subversion of the essence of ideological and political education. Only by steadfastly adhering to the value coordinate of fostering virtue and nurturing people [14]14 “Fostering virtue and nurturing people” (立德树人) is a core principle of Chinese education policy, emphasizing moral character development as the foundation of talent cultivation. and by showing greater respect for the subjective position of human beings can we forcefully demonstrate the legitimacy of the existence of ideological and political education and the rationality of its value, thereby laying a solid foundation for the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education. Resolve the question of effectiveness concerning “what ideological and political education can achieve.” The uniqueness of the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education lies in the fact that in other fields, the deeper the involvement of artificial intelligence, the lower the degree of human participation; but the field of ideological and political education cannot do without the mutual connections between people, and it always needs to place people at the center. Ideological and political education is a processual activity of nurturing people; it is necessary to apply the operational mechanism of artificial intelligence to the entire process of ideological and political education, and to fully integrate the technological advantages of artificial intelligence into the internal structure of ideological and political education. At the same time, it is necessary to steadfastly uphold the subjective position and leading role of human beings, maintain a reasonable tension between technological application and value guidance, anchor the coupling point of their two-way interaction and harmonious coexistence, [15]15 “Harmonious coexistence” (和合共生) draws on the traditional Chinese philosophical concept of “harmony” (和) and “integration” (合), signifying the mutual accommodation and co-prosperity of different elements. create a new schema of whole-process intelligent education, and realize the overall intelligent leap of ideological and political education. Resolve the question of innovation concerning “how ideological and political education can respond to change.” The deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education will inevitably produce partial contradictions, and may even dissolve the existing achievements of ideological and political education. These contradictions may originate from the technological logic of artificial intelligence itself, or from the practical characteristics of ideological and political education itself, or they may be generated in the interactive process of the integration of the two. How to effectively resolve contradictions, actively respond to change, and ensure that the deep integration of the two develops in a positive, stable, healthy, and upward direction — this is precisely a test of the inherent resilience of ideological and political education. Only by actively and consciously adapting to the social development landscape of the intelligent era, and by continuously strengthening the inherent resilience of ideological and political education in self-absorption, self-adjustment, and self-innovation, can we effectively avoid the negative effects brought by artificial intelligence technology, and effectively transform artificial intelligence technology into a powerful driving force for achieving our own leapfrog development.

解决好思想政治教育“何以必要”的合法性问题。人工智能不断重塑人类生活时空及其在世方式，给人类社会的道德规范、伦理准则、行为规范等带来严峻挑战。“数字化的过度弥漫有使自我丧失的危险，许多人在信息中生活，思维能力和情感能力下降。”思想政治教育向即将到来的智能时代敞开了可能生活的实践力量，为个体的智能化生存提供“向善”的力量。人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合是思想政治教育创新发展的智能转向，既不是对思想政治教育的全面解构，更不是对思想政治教育本质的全面颠覆。只有始终坚守立德树人的价值坐标，更加尊重人的主体性地位，才能有力证成思想政治教育的存在合法性及价值合理性，为人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合筑牢根本基点。解决好思想政治教育“何以可为”的实效性问题。人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合的独特性就在于，其他领域中人工智能的介入程度越深，人的参与程度就越低；而思想政治教育领域则离不开人与人之间的相互联系，且始终需要将人置于中心位置。思想政治教育是一项过程性育人活动，要把人工智能的运行机理作用于思想政治教育全过程，将人工智能的技术优势全面融入思想政治教育的内在结构。同时，要始终坚守人的主体地位和主导作用，保持技术应用与价值引领之间的合理张力，锚定二者双向互动、和合共生的耦合点，打造全过程智能育人新图式，实现思想政治教育的整体智能跃升。解决好思想政治教育“何以应变”的创新性问题。人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合不可避免会产生局部矛盾，甚至会消解思想政治教育的既有成效。这些矛盾或源自人工智能自身的技术逻辑，或来自思想政治教育自身的实践特点，或生成于两相融合的交互过程。如何有效化解矛盾、积极应变，确保二者深度融合朝着积极稳健、健康向上的方向发展，正是对思想政治教育内在韧性的考验。只有积极主动、自觉适应智能时代的社会发展图景，不断增强思想政治教育自我消纳、自我调适、自我革新的内在韧性，才能有效规避人工智能技术带来的负面效应，并将人工智能技术有效转化为实现自身跨越式发展的强大动力。

(Authors: Professor and Doctoral Supervisor, Faculty of Marxism, Northeast Normal University; Doctoral Candidate, Research Center for Ideological and Political Education, Northeast Normal University)

（作者：东北师范大学马克思主义学部教授、博士生导师；东北师范大学思想政治教育研究中心博士研究生）