Several Reflections on Strengthening the Construction of the Educational Ecology for College Students’ Ideological and Political Education

Education is the foundation of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Education Conference: “The education powerhouse we aim to build is a socialist education powerhouse with Chinese characteristics,” one of whose characteristics is possessing a strong ideological and political guiding force. Where does this ideological and political guiding force come from? It undoubtedly originates from ideological and political work. Regarding ideological and political work in higher education institutions, Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that colleges and universities must always “integrate ideological and political work throughout the entire process of education and teaching, achieving whole-process education and all-round education,” and must adhere to and apply a systematic perspective, grasping ideological and political work as a whole, and implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [立德树人]. In 2020, the Ministry of Education and seven other ministries and commissions specifically issued opinions on accelerating the construction of a system for ideological and political work in higher education institutions, and the 20th National Congress of the CPC also made strategic deployments for improving the ideological and political work system. In recent years, higher education institutions have carried out many explorations around improving the ideological and political work system, achieving significant progress and advancement. However, it is undeniable that there are still aspects of current college students’ ideological and political education that need further strengthening in terms of the work system, educational ecology, and educational effectiveness. There is an urgent need to continue deepening the construction of the ideological and political work system for college students and the cultivation of a sound educational ecology, striving to build an “ecological forest” and “scenic landscape” for college students’ ideological and political education.

教育是强国建设、民族复兴之基。习近平在全国教育大会上指出：“我们要建成的教育强国，是中国特色社会主义教育强国”，其特征之一就是具有强大的思政引领力。而思政引领力从哪里来？无疑源于思想政治工作。对于高校的思想政治工作，习近平多次强调，高校要始终“把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程，实现全程育人、全方位育人”，要坚持和运用系统观念，从整体上抓好思想政治工作，落实立德树人的根本任务。2020年，教育部等八部委曾专门出台关于加快构建高校思想政治工作体系的意见，党的二十大也作出了完善思想政治工作体系的战略部署。近几年来，高校围绕完善思想政治工作体系开展了诸多探索，取得了明显的进展和进步。但不可否认的是，当前大学生思想政治教育在工作体系、育人生态、育人实效方面仍存在需要进一步加强的方面，迫切需要继续深化大学生思想政治工作体系的构建和良好育人生态的培育，着力打造大学生思想政治教育的“生态林”和“风景线”。

I. The Inevitable Value of Earnestly Strengthening the Construction of the Educational Ecology for College Students’ Ideological and Political Education

一、切实加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设的价值必然

Marxism holds that “nothing happens without a conscious purpose or an intended aim.” [n] The reason why it is necessary to earnestly strengthen the construction of the educational ecology for college students’ ideological and political education in the New Era is precisely based on a comprehensive consideration and profound grasp of higher education institutions’ implementation of the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, the construction of the ideological and political work system for college students, and the enhancement of the effectiveness of college students’ ideological and political education.

马克思主义认为：“任何事情的发生都不是没有自觉的意图，没有预期的目的的。”而新时代之所以要切实加强大学生思想政治教育的育人生态建设，正是基于对高校落实立德树人根本任务、构建大学生思想政治工作体系和增强大学生思想政治教育实效的全面考量和深刻把握而提出来的。

(I) The Inherent Demand for Implementing the Fundamental Task of Fostering Virtue through Education

（一）落实立德树人根本任务的内在诉求

Against the backdrop of the New Era, fostering virtue through education, as the fundamental task of China’s education, runs through the entire process of college students’ ideological and political education. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Without virtue, a person cannot stand; the foundation of educating people lies in fostering virtue.” As a key link in cultivating and shaping students, college students’ ideological and political education should actively play a leading role in the process of implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education. This is because contemporary college students are in a special period where the “two overall situations” [n] and the “two centenaries” [n] are intertwined and deeply interactive. Against this temporal and spatial backdrop, the domestic and international environment is complex and volatile, ideological and cultural exchanges and confrontations intensify, and because college students are in the “jointing and booting stage” [n] of life, with immature thinking and their worldviews, outlooks on life, and values still being established, they are highly susceptible to negative encroachment from factors such as diverse ideological concepts and value orientations. At the same time, talent cultivation in higher education institutions still objectively has problems such as “insufficient connection and convergence around the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and much room for effort remains in forming a student-centered educational synergy of exchange, linkage, and collaboration.” Over time, this will inevitably affect and impact the mission of ideological and political education in implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education in higher education institutions. Therefore, it is imperative to earnestly strengthen the construction of the educational ecology for college students’ ideological and political education, forming a sound educational atmosphere. By strengthening the construction of the educational ecology, it is possible to fully mobilize various educational resources and leverage the advantages of all parties in education, enabling college students to be immersed in a comprehensive, systematic, and sustained ideological and political education ecological environment, thereby guiding students to distinguish right from wrong, beauty from ugliness, truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and consciously practice understanding great virtue, abiding by public virtue, and strictly observing private virtue in daily life. Furthermore, strengthening the construction of the educational ecology for college students’ ideological and political education can, under the unified leadership of the Party committee of the higher education institution, promote better coordination and linkage among various units and departments within the institution based on their respective responsibilities, ensuring that the effectiveness of college students’ ideological and political education is continuously enhanced through systematic deployment and coordinated advancement, jointly providing conditions for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education.

新时代背景下，立德树人作为新时代我国教育的根本任务，始终贯穿于大学生思想政治教育全过程。习近平指出：“人无德不立，育人的根本在于立德。”大学生思想政治教育作为培养和塑造学生的关键环节，理应在落实立德树人根本任务过程中积极发挥主导作用。这是因为，当代大学生正处在“两个大局”与“两个百年”相互交织并深度互动的特殊时期。在这样的时空背景下，国际国内环境复杂多变，思想文化交流交锋加剧，而大学生由于正处于人生的“拔节孕穗”期，思想尚不成熟、三观尚在确立之中，极易受到多元思想观念、价值取向等因素的负面侵扰。与此同时，高校人才培养至今仍客观存在着“围绕立德树人根本任务联结汇聚起来还不够充分，形成以学生为中心的交流、联动、协作的育人合力还有许多需要努力的空间。”久而久之，这势必会影响和冲击到思想政治教育在高校落实立德树人根本任务中的使命担当。因而，必须要切实加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，形成良好的育人氛围。通过加强育人生态建设，能够充分调动多种育人资源、发挥各方育人优势，使大学生浸润在全面的、系统的、持续的思想政治教育生态环境中，进而引导学生辨别是非美丑、区分真假善恶，自觉在生活中做到明大德、守公德、严私德。此外，加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，能够在高校党委的统一领导之下，促进高校内部各单位部门在各司其职的基础上更好地协同联动，为确保大学生思想政治教育实效在系统部署、协同推进中不断提升，共同为落实好立德树人根本任务提供条件。

(II) The Objective Need for Constructing the Ideological and Political Work System for College Students

（二）构建大学生思想政治工作体系的客观需求

The ideological and political work system for college students, as a system formed by the interaction of various links and elements within ideological and political work in a certain way, is the prerequisite for ensuring the realization of the value of college students’ ideological and political education. It includes not only the main links of ideological and political work such as investigation, decision-making, implementation, evaluation, feedback, and optimization, but also the basic elements of ideological and political work such as the subject, content, principles, objectives, and methods, as well as multiple aspects including the theoretical armament system, the disciplinary teaching system, the daily education system, and the management service system. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Ideological and political work in higher education institutions concerns the fundamental question of what kind of people we cultivate, how we cultivate them, and for whom we cultivate them.” This requires that in practice, great importance must be attached to the construction of the ideological and political work system, using systematic thinking to effectively integrate and coordinate the various links, elements, and aspects of ideological and political work, integrate educational resources, and consolidate educational synergy, so as to build a “higher education ideological and political work system with clear objectives, complete content, sound standards, scientific operation, strong guarantees, and remarkable results.” As an important component of the ideological and political work system, college students’ ideological and political education not only centrally reflects the specific effectiveness of ideological and political work but can also promote the overall improvement of the quality of ideological and political work in the process of carrying out ideological and political education activities. In this regard, striving to strengthen the construction of the educational ecology for college students’ ideological and political education is precisely an inherent requirement of constructing the ideological and political work system for college students. By strengthening the construction of the educational ecology, doing a good job in top-level design and overall planning, it not only enables ideological and political education to run through the entire process of education and teaching, clarifying the direction and providing impetus for improving the quality of ideological and political work, but also coordinates various links and elements, maximizing consensus and uniting will, prompting the formation of an ideological and political work system with collaborative linkage and top-down interaction among various links and elements, so as to assist higher education institutions in cultivating new generations capable of shouldering the great task of national rejuvenation.

大学生思想政治工作体系作为思想政治工作内部各环节、各要素之间以某种方式相互作用而形成的系统，是确保大学生思想政治教育价值得以实现的前提所在。它既包括思想政治工作调研、决策、实施、评估、反馈以及优化等主要环节，又包含思想政治工作的主体、内容、原则、目标以及方法等基本要素，还包括理论武装体系、学科教学体系、日常教育体系、管理服务体系等多个方面。习近平指出：“高校思想政治工作关系高校培养什么样的人、如何培养人以及为谁培养人这个根本问题。”这就要求，在实践中必须高度重视思想政治工作体系构建，以体系思维有效整合与协调思想政治工作中的各环节各要素各方面，整合教育资源、凝聚教育合力，从而才能构建起“目标明确、内容完善、标准健全、运行科学、保障有力、成效显著的高校思想政治工作体系”。而大学生思想政治教育作为思想政治工作体系的重要组成部分，不仅集中反映了思想政治工作的具体实效，更能在开展思想政治教育活动过程中促进思想政治工作质量的全面提升。就此而言，着力加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，正是构建大学生思想政治工作体系的题中应有之义。通过加强育人生态建设，做好顶层设计和统筹谋划，既使思想政治教育始终贯穿于教育教学的全过程，为提高思想政治工作质量明确方向、提供动力，又能够统筹各环节各要素，最大程度地凝聚共识、团结意志，促使各环节各要素之间形成协同联动、上下互动的思想政治工作体系，以助力高校培养堪当民族复兴大任的时代新人。

(III) The Inevitable Requirement for Enhancing the Effectiveness of College Students’ Ideological and Political Education

（三）增强大学生思想政治教育实效的必然要求

Since the beginning of the New Era, China’s social development environment has undergone unprecedented profound changes, posing new challenges to college students’ ideological and political education. In particular, the deep integration of network information technology with ideological and political education, while bringing opportunities for the innovative development of college students’ ideological and political education, also brings risks and challenges to doing a good job in college students’ ideological and political education in the New Era. Compared with the relatively conservative and stable educational environment before, era-specific factors such as the complex educational environment, diversified value orientations, and the popularization of network applications since the New Era have undoubtedly brought many uncertain factors to college students’ ideological and political education, and to a certain extent, constrain the overall improvement of the effectiveness of college students’ ideological and political education. In this context, whether college students’ ideological and political education can respond to risks and meet challenges with a more proactive attitude not only concerns the quality of talent cultivation in higher education institutions but further determines the future and destiny of the Party and the state. Facing the educational mission of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the state, college students’ ideological and political education must actively adapt to the new problems and new challenges posed by the new environment. To effectively improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education, it is imperative to earnestly strengthen the construction of the educational ecology for college students’ ideological and political education, striving to build an “ecological forest” for college students’ ideological and political education. By leveraging the institutional advantage of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, it is possible not only to fully mobilize, rationally allocate, and efficiently utilize various educational resources both inside and outside the institution and online and offline, but also to orderly regulate the implementation rhythm of ideological and political education, maintain the order of ideological and political education activities, and achieve a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of educational effects, thereby avoiding individualized, fragmented, and scattered ideological and political education, continuously enhancing the coherence, synergy, and comprehensiveness of college students’ ideological and political education, and contributing to the improvement of the effectiveness of college students’ ideological and political education.

新时代以来，我国社会发展环境发生了前所未有的深刻变化，这对大学生思想政治教育提出了新挑战。尤其是网络信息技术与思想政治教育的深度融合，在给大学生思想政治教育创新发展带来机遇的同时，也给新时代做好大学生思想政治教育带来风险和挑战。相较于之前相对保守而稳定的教育环境而言，新时代以来复杂化的教育环境、多元化的价值取向和普及化的网络应用等时代因素，无疑给大学生思想政治教育带来诸多不确定性因素，并在一定程度上制约着大学生思想政治教育实效的整体提升。在此背景下，大学生思想政治教育能否以更加积极的姿态应对风险、迎接挑战，不仅关乎高校人才培养的质量，更进一步决定着党和国家的前途命运。面对为党育人、为国育才的教育使命，大学生思想政治教育要主动适应新环境提出的新问题新挑战，切实提高思想政治教育实效，就必须切实加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，着力打造大学生思想政治教育的“生态林”。通过发挥集中力量办大事的制度优势，不仅能充分调动、合理配置、高效利用校内校外、线上线下的各种教育资源，还能有序调控思想政治教育实施节奏，维护思想政治教育活动秩序，并实现全面系统地评估教育效果，从而规避个别化、片段式、零散化的思想政治教育，不断增强大学生思想政治教育的连贯性、协同性、综合性，助力于大学生思想政治教育的实效提升。

II. Typical Problem Patterns in the Construction of the Educational Ecology for College Students’ Ideological and Political Education

二、大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设中存在的典型问题样态

Since the beginning of the New Era, under the high regard of the Party and the state, ideological and political education for university students has consistently adhered to the correct direction of development while advancing with the times. It has achieved notable results in areas such as innovation in ideological theory, improvement in team quality, and the construction of curriculum-based ideological-political education and the grand ideological-political education system. Consequently, the educational ecology has also been markedly improved. However, objectively speaking, ideological and political education for university students still exhibits multiple problematic patterns, such as the “bonsai-style,” “stage-set-style,” “viewfinder-style,” and “occasion-fitting-style.” These patterns affect the optimization of the educational ecology and the cultivation of an educational landscape, thereby constraining the overall educational effectiveness of ideological and political education for university students.

新时代以来，在党和国家的高度重视下，大学生思想政治教育始终在与时俱进中坚持正确的发展方向，在思想理论创新、队伍素养提升、课程思政与大思政建设等方面取得了显著成效，育人生态也因此得到明显改善。但客观来说，大学生思想政治教育目前仍存在着“盆景式”“布景式”“取景式”和“应景式”等多重问题样态，影响到大学生思想政治教育育人生态的优化和育人风景的培育，制约着大学生思想政治教育的整体育人实效。

(1) The “Bonsai-Style” Pattern of Ideological and Political Education for University Students

（一）大学生思想政治教育的“盆景式”样态

As a systematic project, ideological and political education for university students can only achieve maximum and optimal educational effectiveness by strengthening the linkage of elements, integration of processes, and overall coordination. However, it is noteworthy that in the practice of ideological and political education for university students, there exists a phenomenon of focusing on meticulously crafting representative “bonsai” examples of ideological and political education to achieve specific effects, while relatively neglecting the cultivation of the “responsibility field” [5]5 “Responsibility field” (责任田) is a term originally referring to the household contract responsibility system in rural China, where land was contracted to individual households. Here it is used metaphorically to mean the basic, routine tasks and areas of responsibility in ideological and political education that should be consistently cultivated, as opposed to selectively showcasing “bonsai” examples. of ideological and political education. This type of ideological and political education, carefully shaped by the educational subject, can temporarily capture students’ attention and stimulate their intellectual interaction and emotional resonance. Yet, because it concentrates on a particular aspect, certain groups of people, or sets specific conditions or special requirements, it is difficult to promote and popularize on a broad scale. By focusing on extraordinary local optimization of elements while neglecting routine and normal practical application, it instead wastes time and energy on the limited cultivation of a “bonsai-style” landscape of ideological and political education, lacking an overall perspective and systematic planning for improving the quality and optimizing the ecology of ideological and political education. Consequently, it can only produce fragmented, point-specific educational effects, making it impossible to see the overall development and grand educational picture of ideological and political education, and thus failing to ensure the continuity of educational effectiveness in time and its integrity in space. This not only “affects the maximization of the actual effectiveness of the entire ideological and political work, but also easily forms various inherent drawbacks in the fragmented operation of the aforementioned system,” [6]6 Citation from an unspecified source, likely a Chinese academic work on ideological and political work. leading to the invisible weakening of the actual educational effectiveness of ideological and political education for university students. At the same time, due to its uniqueness and singularity, this “bonsai-style” pattern of ideological and political education is difficult to replicate and promote, thus failing to generate a good universal effect in practice. To enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education for university students in the New Era, it is necessary to avoid being skilled at crafting partial small scenes while ignoring the overall landscape. Instead, a systematic approach should be adopted to coordinate the overall ecology of ideological and political education for university students, not only starting from the details but also focusing on the broader picture, comprehensively strengthening the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education for university students.

大学生思想政治教育作为一项系统工程，只有加强要素联动、过程整合和系统统筹，才能实现育人实效的最大化和最优化。但值得注意的是，在大学生思想政治教育实践中存在为了达到某种特定的效果，而注重精心塑造具有典型代表性的思想政治教育“盆景”，而相对忽视了种好思想政治教育“责任田”的现象。这种经过育人主体精心打造的思想政治教育，虽能短暂吸引学生注意力，激发学生的思想互动和情感共鸣，但却由于专注某一方面、某些人群对象，或设定特定条件、特殊要求而难以大范围推广普及，专注要素的超常规局部优化而忽视常规常态的实践应用，反而会把时间和精力浪费在有限的“盆景式”思想政治教育风景培育之中，缺乏对思想政治教育质量提升、生态优化的整体观照和系统谋划。由此，只能形成片段式、单点式的教育效应，难以窥见思想政治教育的发展全局和育人大局，而无法确保教育实效在时间上的连续性和空间上的整体性。这不仅“影响着整个思想政治工作实际效能的最大化，也极易形成前述体系碎片化运行中的各种固有弊端”，导致大学生思想政治教育的育人实效在无形中被弱化。与此同时，这种“盆景式”思想政治教育样态由于其独特性和唯一性，也难以加以复制和推广，从而无法在实践中形成良好的普遍效应。新时代提高大学生思想政治教育实效，必须避免精于打造局部小景，无视整体风景，而应以系统思维统筹大学生思想政治教育整体生态，不仅要从细处着手，更要注重从大局出发，全方位加强大学生思想政治教育的育人生态建设。

(2) The “Stage-Set-Style” Pattern of Ideological and Political Education for University Students

（二）大学生思想政治教育的“布景式”样态

Ideological and political education must “adhere to the educational orientation, highlight value guidance,” “take fostering virtue and nurturing talent as the foundation, take ideal and belief education as the core, take the core socialist values as the guide, and take comprehensively improving the capacity for talent cultivation as the key.” [7]7 Citation from an unspecified official document or policy guideline on ideological and political education in higher education. The construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education for university students must adhere to the correct value orientation, ensuring that university students gradually grow into socialist builders and successors who are well-developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise within a good educational ecology. In other words, ideological and political education for university students should take whether and to what extent the needs of university students for growth and talent development are met as an important value criterion for evaluating its effectiveness. However, in the practice of ideological and political education for university students, there often exists a phenomenon of deliberately arranging and setting up scenes for ideological and political education to achieve specific goals or effects, creating a “stage-set-style” ideological and political education that concentrates advantages and is deliberately executed. This “stage-set-style” ideological and political education goes out of its way to arrange evaluation points, specifically finds “actors,” deliberately avoids “negative risk points,” and attempts to use flashy displays of achievements to conceal objective problems that exist in reality, replacing solid implementation with grandiose forms. This creates a superficially good ecology for ideological and political education for university students, but it is like setting up an “exhibition hall”—once the exhibition is over, it loses its significance for normal existence. This not only contradicts the original intention of constructing the educational ecology for ideological and political education for university students, but also fails to guide university students to genuinely identify with and practice the content of ideological and political education, making it difficult to achieve the expected educational effectiveness. Therefore, the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education for university students must adhere to the correct educational orientation, integrating ideological and value guidance throughout the entire process and all aspects of ideological and political education for university students, to ensure that ideological and political education for university students always serves the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing talent, thereby continuously improving the educational quality of ideological and political education for university students.

思想政治教育必须要“坚持育人导向，突出价值引领”，“以立德树人为根本，以理想信念教育为核心，以社会主义核心价值观为引领，以全面提高人才培养能力为关键”。大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设必须要坚持正确的价值导向，确保大学生在良好的育人生态中逐渐成长为德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。换言之，大学生思想政治教育要把大学生的成长成才需要能否得到满足以及满足的程度作为评判大学生思想政治教育实效的重要价值尺度。但在大学生思想政治教育实践中往往存在为达到某种特定目标或效果而刻意安排和布置思想政治教育场景，打造集中优势、刻意而为的“布景式”思想政治教育。这种“布景式”思想政治教育，想方设法安排评估点，专门找好“扮演者”，刻意避开“负面风险点”，试图用光鲜亮丽的成效展示遮蔽现实存在的客观问题，用轰轰烈烈的形式代替扎扎实实的落实，造成大学生思想政治教育形式上的良好生态，但却犹如“展厅”布置，在布展之后便失去常态化的存在意义。这不仅悖于开展大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设的初衷，更无法引导大学生真心认同和践行思想政治教育内容，而难以达到预期的育人实效。因而，大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设必须要坚持正确的育人导向，把思想价值引领贯穿于大学生思想政治教育全过程和各环节，以确保大学生思想政治教育始终服务于立德树人的根本任务，从而才能不断提高大学生思想政治教育的育人质量。

(3) The “Viewfinder-Style” Pattern of Ideological and Political Education for University Students

（三）大学生思想政治教育的“取景式”样态

Ideological and political education is an educational practice that emphasizes working methods and artistry. Although it has universal laws, there is no fixed or uniform practical model. It must “be elucidated and developed in light of specific circumstances and existing conditions” [8]8 Citation from an unspecified source, likely a Marxist classic or a Chinese Communist Party document emphasizing the need to adapt theory to concrete conditions. to achieve advancement with the times and innovative development in ideological and political education. This is determined both by the specific environmental conditions in which ideological and political education is carried out and by the inherent laws of its innovative development. Objectively speaking, in recent years, ideological and political education for university students has been continuously developing while upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. Its practical patterns have become increasingly rich, and educational methods more diverse. However, at the same time, there also exist problems where some educational practices show no substantive changes in concepts, methods, means, or models, but instead focus on making superficial adjustments in form or on promotional packaging. This type of ideological and political education merely adjusts the structure within the original system or copies and replicates it. In essence, it is “new wine in old bottles,” lacking substantive innovation and development, and is concentratedly manifested as a “viewfinder-style” pattern. This kind of ideological and political education is like taking a photo with a viewfinder: the scenery being photographed does not actually change; what changes is the angle of the shot and the composition of the content, thus presenting diverse views. However, in ideological and political education for university students, if one only works on promotional packaging and frames the view of ideological and political education according to specific needs, the result is undoubtedly “a beautiful appearance, a false prosperity,” making it difficult to adapt to the new requirements posed by new situations, conditions, and environments, let alone meet the diverse educational needs of contemporary university students. Over time, the innovation in ideological and political education for university students will lack substantive content, being merely a superficial change in form and pattern. This not only fails to inject a continuous stream of fresh blood into ideological and political education for university students, but instead accelerates the loss of its vitality. In this regard, ideological and political education for university students in the New Era must consistently adhere to the unity of uniformity and diversity in practice. It should not only complete the “prescribed actions” but also actively seek innovation, change, and practicality according to different specific circumstances, thereby continuously enhancing the pertinence and adaptability of ideological and political education for university students.

思想政治教育是一项讲究工作方法与艺术的教育实践活动，虽然有其普遍的规律，但却不存在固定的、统一的实践模式，必须要“结合具体情况并根据现存条件加以阐明和发挥”，以实现思想政治教育的与时俱进和创新发展，这既是由思想政治教育开展的特定环境条件所决定的，也是思想政治教育创新发展内在规律所决定的。客观来说，近年来大学生思想政治教育整体上在守正创新中不断发展，其实践样态日渐丰富、育人方式更加多元。但同时也存在一些教育实践在理念、方法、手段、模式等方面并无实质变化，而更多在具体形式上做文章，或是在宣传包装上花功夫的问题。这种思想政治教育只是在原系统内不断调整结构或是搬抄复制，本质上是“新瓶装旧酒”，缺乏实质性的创新和发展，集中表现为一种“取景式”样态。这种思想政治教育犹如拍照取景，被拍摄的风景并没有实质变化，变化的是取景角度和内容构图，从而呈现出多样景致。但在大学生思想政治教育中，如果只是在宣传包装上做文章，依据特定需要来取景思想政治教育，其结果无疑是“漂亮的外表、虚假的繁荣”，难以适应新形势新条件新环境提出的新要求，更无法满足当代大学生多样化的教育需要。长此以往，大学生思想政治教育的创新便缺乏实质内涵，徒有其形式和花样的翻新，不仅无法为大学生思想政治教育融入源源不断的新鲜血液，反而会加剧大学生思想政治教育生命活力的流失。就此而言，新时代大学生思想政治教育必须要在实践中始终坚持统一性与多样性相统一，既做好“规定动作”，又要根据具体情况的不同，主动求新、求变、求实，从而不断增强大学生思想政治教育的针对性和适应性。

(4) The “Occasion-Fitting-Style” Pattern of Ideological and Political Education for University Students

（四）大学生思想政治教育的“应景式”样态

Ideological and political education of university students can be full of vitality and realize its educational value only if it actively reflects the changes of the times, profoundly answers the questions of the era, senses the pulse of the times, and possesses the spirit of the times. This necessarily means that promoting the innovative development of ideological and political education for university students must care about the times, pay attention to current events, and be mindful of timeliness, truly keeping pace with the times. In this regard, taking cutting-edge hot topics as the entry point for carrying out ideological and political education activities for university students, promptly transforming the hot issues that students pay attention to into content materials for educational activities, and continuously enhancing the affinity and attractiveness of ideological and political education for university students are very necessary for improving educational effectiveness. However, if hot topics are merely used as gimmicks for carrying out ideological and political education activities just to "fit the occasion" (应景), chasing after hot topics without answering some major practical issues that university students are constantly concerned about, and without guiding students to glimpse the essence and explore the laws from hot topics, and then form scientific and reasonable ideological and moral qualities, this will lead to ideological and political education for university students being superficial and failing to address the core issues, unable to achieve the expected goals. This kind of "occasion-fitting" (应景式) education is keen on blindly following trends, competing for popularity, vying for eyeballs, and seeking attention, which to a certain extent runs counter to the laws of ideological and political education. Although it can attract students' attention in the short term and mobilize their active participation, it can neither comprehensively grasp hot issues with incisive theoretical analysis to respond to students' concerns about hot topics, nor guide the positive development of students' ideological and moral qualities with vivid and realistic cases. Over time, it will inevitably weaken the educational effectiveness of ideological and political education in the divergence between form and substance. Therefore, ideological and political education for university students must deeply explore the ideological and political education resources contained in hot issues based on scientific development and student needs, and actively apply them in specific educational and teaching activities. Only in this way can the effectiveness of ideological and political education for university students be continuously enhanced through the combination of the two. In summary, ideological and political education for university students must advance with the times and innovate with the situation, but it must never be about blindly following trends or simply fitting the occasion.

大学生思想政治教育只有积极反映时代变迁、深刻回答时代课题，感知时代脉动，具有时代气息，才能充满生机和活力，才能实现其育人价值。这必然意味着，推进大学生思想政治教育的创新发展，必须要关怀时代、关心时事、讲究时机，真正做到与时俱进。就此而言，以前沿热点为开展大学生思想政治教育活动的切入点，将学生关注的热点问题及时转化为开展教育活动的内容素材，不断增强大学生思想政治教育的亲和力和吸引力，对于提高教育实效是非常必要的。但如果仅仅只是为了“应景”而将热点作为开展思想政治教育活动的噱头，追着热点跑，而不回答大学生时刻关注的一些重大现实问题，不引导学生从热点中窥探本质、探究规律，继而形成科学合理的思想品德素质，就会导致大学生思想政治教育浮光掠影、隔靴搔痒，无法达成预期目标。这种“应景式”的教育热衷于盲目跟风，拼的是热度、博的是眼球、求的是关注，在一定程度上有悖于思想政治教育规律。虽然能够短时间吸引学生的关注，调动学生的积极参与，但既不能以鞭辟入里的理论分析全面把握热点问题，回应学生的热点关切，也不能以鲜活生动的现实案例引导学生思想品德素质的正向发展。长此以往，必然在形式与实效的分野中逐渐削弱思想政治教育的育人实效。因此，大学生思想政治教育必须要立足科学发展和学生需求深度挖掘热点问题中所蕴藏的思想政治教育资源，并积极运用于具体的教育教学活动过程中，才能在两者结合中不断增强大学生思想政治教育的实效性。概言之，大学生思想政治教育必须要因时而进、因势而新，但绝不是盲目跟风或简单应景。

III. Practical Strategies for Effectively Strengthening the Construction of the Educational Ecology for Ideological and Political Education of University Students

三、切实加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设的实践策略

Faced with the objectively existing problematic patterns of "bonsai-style" (盆景式), "set-style" (布景式), "framing-style" (取景式), and "occasion-fitting" (应景式) ideological and political education for university students, effectively strengthening the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education of university students, and building a high-quality "scenic line" (风景线) and "ecological forest" (生态林) for ideological and political education of university students, have become a realistic requirement for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education (立德树人) and improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education in the New Era. To this end, ideological and political education for university students must strive to firmly establish systematic thinking, adhere to the correct educational orientation, promote reform and innovation, establish long-term mechanisms, and continuously optimize the construction of the educational ecology.

面对大学生思想政治教育客观存在的“盆景式”“布景式”“取景式”和“应景式”等问题样态，切实加强大学生思想政治教育的育人生态建设，高质量打造大学生思想政治教育“风景线”和“生态林”，已然成为新时代落实立德树人根本任务、提高思想政治教育实效的现实要求。为此，大学生思想政治教育要着力牢固树立系统思维、坚持正确育人导向、推动改革创新、建立长效机制，不断优化育人生态建设。

(I) Establish Systematic Thinking and Enhance Synergistic Effectiveness

（一）树立系统思维，提高协同效能

Strengthening the construction of the educational ecology fundamentally means treating the practice of fostering virtue through education in ideological and political education for university students as an organic whole, advancing practical construction with systematic thinking, and fully reflecting the holism, comprehensiveness, and systematic nature of ideological and political education for university students.

加强育人生态建设，从根本上讲是把大学生思想政治教育立德树人的实践作为一个有机整体来对待，是以系统思维推进实践建设，充分体现了大学生思想政治教育的整体性、综合性和系统性。

First, the overall construction of ideological and political education for university students must firmly establish systematic thinking. Since the New Era, the Party and the state have always attached great importance to the systematic advancement of ideological and political work in higher education institutions. Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must adhere to the systems concept, coordinate and advance reforms in educational methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms, resolutely break all ideological constraints and institutional drawbacks that restrict high-quality development of education, and comprehensively improve the modernization level of the education governance system and governance capacity." [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the National Education Conference," *People's Daily*, September 11, 2018. In April 2020, the Ministry of Education and seven other departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of the Ideological and Political Work System in Higher Education Institutions," and the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed the strategic deployment of "improving the ideological and political work system." These all embody the requirement of advancing the construction of the ideological and political work system with a systems concept and holistic thinking, clarifying the direction for strengthening the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education of university students in the New Era. Therefore, higher education institutions must establish systematic thinking, consciously integrate ideological and political education for university students into all aspects of their work, focus on promoting the synergy, interactivity, and coherence among various links and elements of ideological and political education for university students, and build a three-dimensional, hierarchical, and integrated practical operation system, thereby promoting the systematic enhancement of the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education of university students.

一是大学生思想政治教育的整体建设要牢固确立系统思维。新时代以来，党和国家始终高度重视高校思想政治工作的体系化推进。习近平指出：“要坚持系统观念，统筹推进育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制改革，坚决破除一切制约教育高质量发展的思想观念束缚和体制机制弊端，全面提高教育治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。”2020年4月，教育部等八部门联合出台《关于加快构建高校思想政治工作体系的意见》，党的二十大报告提出“完善思想政治工作体系”的战略部署，这些都贯穿着以系统观念和整体思维推进思想政治工作体系建设的要求，为新时代加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设明确了方向。因而，高校必须要树立系统思维，自觉将大学生思想政治教育贯穿于高校各项工作之中，注重促进大学生思想政治教育各环节各要素之间的协同性、互动性、连贯性，打造立体化、层级化、一体化的实践运行体系，从而助推大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设的系统性提升。

Second, the construction of elements in ideological and political education for university students must fully embody systematic thinking. Against the backdrop of the New Era, ideological and political education for university students, along with the overall structural transformation of society, has undergone profound changes in educational content, educational carriers, educational subjects, educational methods, and educational environments. For a long time, in the practice of ideological and political education for university students, there have objectively existed situations where some educational activities cannot fully meet the needs of education, educators' teaching cannot keep up with the requirements of the development of the situation, and the innovation of educational methods and means cannot keep pace with the times. The fundamental reason lies in the lack of synergy among the various elements. This requires that, based on the overall situation of ideological and political education and focusing on the overall situation of talent cultivation, systematic thinking must be used to holistically plan the construction and mutual synergy of elements in ideological and political education for university students, systematically sort out the current shortcomings and weaknesses in methods and carriers, team building, forms and content, cooperation and exchange, and guarantee mechanisms of ideological and political education for university students, and make targeted improvements and optimizations, strengthen the synergy and linkage between elements, thereby providing element preparation for the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education of university students and helping to enhance the overall effectiveness of ideological and political education for university students.

二是大学生思想政治教育的要素建设要充分体现系统思维。在新时代的背景下，大学生思想政治教育伴随着社会整体的结构转型而在教育内容、教育载体、教育主体、教育方法和教育环境等方面发生了深刻变化。长期以来，大学生思想政治教育实践客观存在着部分教育活动尚不能完全适应育人需要、教育者的施教跟不上形势发展要求、教育方法手段革新跟不上时代步伐等情况，其根本原因就在于各要素之间的协同性欠缺。这就要求，必须要立足思想政治教育全局，着眼人才培养大局以系统思维来整体谋划大学生思想政治教育的要素建设和相互协同，系统梳理目前大学生思想政治教育在方法载体、队伍建设、形式内容、合作交流、保障机制等方面存在的短板弱项，并有针对性地予以改进和优化，强化要素之间的协同与联动，从而为大学生思想政治教育的育人生态建设提供要素准备，助力大学生思想政治教育整体实效的提升。

Third, the process construction of ideological and political education for university students must always be permeated with systematic thinking. As an educational practice activity that runs through the entire process of university students' academic progress, growth, and development, ideological and political education for university students has always been a key factor affecting the development of their ideological and moral character. Strengthening the construction of the educational ecology for ideological and political education of university students in the New Era requires not only permeating systematic thinking comprehensively in the horizontal logic, focusing on the functioning of elements, but also focusing on the educational process and optimizing educational links from the vertical logic. In particular, the Party committees of higher education institutions, as the leadership core for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education in higher education institutions, must continuously strengthen the overall process coordination and regulation of ideological and political education for university students, use systematic thinking to set the direction, determine the pace, seek development, and promote innovation, comprehensively consider the practical links and process optimization of ideological and political education for university students, effectively integrate and rationally allocate educational resources, ensure the orderly advancement, continuous deepening, and efficient output of educational practice, thereby continuously strengthening the process-based education of ideological and political education for university students.

三是大学生思想政治教育的过程建设要始终贯穿系统思维。大学生思想政治教育作为一项贯穿于大学生学业进步、成长发展全过程的教育实践活动，始终是影响大学生思想品德发展的关键因素。新时代加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，不仅要在横向逻辑上全方位贯穿系统思维，注重要素功能发挥，也要从纵向逻辑上着眼育人过程，优化育人环节。尤其是高校党委作为高校落实立德树人根本任务的领导核心，要不断加强对大学生思想政治教育的过程统筹和调节，以系统思维把方向、定节奏、谋发展、促创新，统筹考虑大学生思想政治教育实践环节和过程优化，有效整合和合理分配育人资源，确保育人实践有序推进、持续深化和高效产出，从而不断强化大学生思想政治教育的过程性育人。

(II) Strengthen the Educational Orientation and Promote Evaluation Reform

（二）强化育人导向，促进评价改革

The evaluation orientation is the direction guiding the conduct of practical activities, and it is also an important yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of activities. Xi Jinping emphasized: "Whatever evaluation baton is used, that will determine the orientation of school operation." [10]10 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the National Education Conference," *People's Daily*, September 11, 2018. Ideological and political education for university students must serve the need to cultivate new generations for the era, which inherently stipulates that it must adhere to the value orientation of serving the growth and success of university students and meeting their development needs.

评价导向是引导实践活动开展的方向，更是衡量活动开展效果的重要标尺。习近平强调：“有什么样的评价指挥棒，就有什么样的办学导向。”大学生思想政治教育要服务于培养时代新人的需要，内在规定了必须要坚持服务大学生成长成才、满足大学生发展需要的价值导向。

First, adhere to the fundamental standard of fostering virtue through education. For ideological and political education for university students in the New Era to "fundamentally solve the problem of the evaluation baton in education and reverse the utilitarian tendency in education," it must take "the effectiveness of fostering virtue through education as the fundamental standard." [11]11 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the National Education Conference," *People's Daily*, September 11, 2018. That is to say, when conducting evaluation and assessment of ideological and political education for university students, the fundamental standard of fostering virtue through education must always be adhered to, with a focus on evaluating the role of ideological and political education practice in shaping the ideological and moral structure of university students, strengthening their ideals and beliefs, guiding their ideological development, and promoting the practice of core socialist values. This will prompt ideological and political education for university students to consciously align with the requirements of fostering virtue through education, safeguard the original aspiration of education, return to the fundamental duty of education, and truly realize the goal of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country.

一是坚守立德树人的根本标准。新时代大学生思想政治教育要“从根本上解决教育评价指挥棒问题，扭转教育功利化倾向”，就要把“立德树人成效作为根本标准”。即是说，在开展大学生思想政治教育评价考核时，必须始终坚持立德树人的根本标准，重点考评思想政治教育实践对于塑造大学生思想品德结构、坚定大学生理想信念、引领大学生思想发展和践行社会主义核心价值观等方面的作用发挥状况，促使大学生思想政治教育自觉与立德树人的要求对标对表，守好育人初心，回归育人本分，真正实现为党育人、为国育才。

Second, manifesting the humanistic warmth of education. “As a value concept, humanistic care plays a role in guiding the direction and providing standards for the quality evaluation methods of ideological and political education.” [14]14 “Stones from other hills” (他山之石) is a classical Chinese idiom from the *Book of Songs* (《诗经》), meaning advice or examples from others that can be used to improve one’s own situation. In the New Era, strengthening the construction of the educational ecology of ideological and political education for university students requires not only optimizing the educational environment in a targeted manner so that it closely meets students’ developmental needs and promptly responds to their practical perplexities, but also attending to students’ spiritual world, embedding students’ emotional factors in the process of constructing the educational ecology, strengthening thought guidance and emotional edification, focusing on uncovering students’ genuine inner feelings, and satisfying their reasonable emotional needs as far as possible, thereby continuously achieving resonance with university students in thought, emotion, and action. In the inspection and evaluation of ideological and political education for university students, it is also necessary to highlight whether the assessment examines whether the educational subject can truly implement the educational philosophy of “taking students as the foundation” and adhere to the fundamental standard of “fostering virtue through education” [n], thereby motivating them to consciously act as warm-hearted people, confidants, and guides on the path of university students’ growth and success, so that students gain a greater sense of fulfillment and happiness through the influence of ideological and political education.

二是彰显人文关怀的育人温度。“人文关怀作为一种价值理念对思想政治教育工作的质量评价方法起着方向引领、标准依循的作用。”[14]新时代加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，不仅要针对性地优化教育环境，使之紧密贴合学生的发展需要，及时回应学生的现实困惑，更要关切学生的精神世界，在育人生态建设过程中嵌入学生情感因素，强化思维引导和情感熏陶，注重发掘学生内心的真实情感，并尽可能满足其合理的情感需要，从而不断实现与大学生在思想、情感和行动上的共鸣。而在大学生思想政治教育检查评估时，也要突出考核教育主体能否真正做到“以生为本”的教育理念、是否坚持“立德树人”的根本标准，激励其自觉做大学生成长成才路上的热心人、知心人和引路人，从而使学生在思想政治教育熏陶中有更多的获得感和幸福感。

Third, perfecting the evaluation and feedback mechanism. Educational evaluation is essentially aimed at better reflecting the actual situation and providing a scientific basis for further improving educational activities. In the face of the objectively existing problem patterns in current ideological and political education for university students, such as “bonsai-style,” “set-piece-style,” “framing-style,” and “perfunctory-style” [n], it is imperative to advance the reform of evaluation in ideological and political education for university students. That is to say, in the assessment and evaluation环节 of ideological and political education for university students, it is necessary to focus on both process evaluation and outcome evaluation, always taking educational effectiveness as the core content for evaluating ideological and political education for university students, comprehensively leveraging the guiding, identifying, diagnosing, and regulating roles of evaluation results in the sustained development of ideological and political education, continuously improving the construction efficiency of the educational ecology of ideological and political education for university students, and promoting the continuous enhancement of educational effectiveness in ideological and political education for university students through ongoing improvement.

三是健全评价反馈的考评机制。教育评价本质上是为了更好地反馈实况，并为进一步改进教育活动提供科学依据。面对目前大学生思想政治教育中客观存在的“盆景式”“布景式”“取景式”“应景式”等问题样态，推进大学生思想政治教育评价改革势在必行。这就是说，在大学生思想政治教育考核评估环节，既要注重开展过程性评价，也要积极开展结果性评价，始终将育人成效作为评价大学生思想政治教育的核心内容，综合发挥评价结果在思想政治教育持续发展中的导向、鉴定、诊断和调控作用，不断提高大学生思想政治教育育人生态的建设效能，推动大学生思想政治教育在持续改善中不断提升育人实效。

(3) Promoting innovative development and improving educational quality

（三）推动创新发展，提升教育质量

Since the New Era, ideological and political education for university students has achieved remarkable developmental accomplishments under the high regard of the Party and the state. However, with the changes and developments of the times and practice, new problems and new challenges have also emerged. How to promote ideological and political education for university students to keep pace with the times and achieve innovative development in the New Era, and effectively enhance its pertinence and adaptability, has increasingly become an important issue that urgently needs to be tackled in the construction of the educational ecology of ideological and political education for university students.

新时代以来，大学生思想政治教育在党和国家的高度重视下取得了显著的发展成就，但随着时代和实践的发展变迁，新问题新挑战也应运而生。如何推动大学生思想政治教育在新时代与时俱进、创新发展，切实增强大学生思想政治教育的针对性和适应性，日渐成为新时代大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设亟待攻克的重要课题。

First, ideological and political education for university students should promote innovative development by following laws. Laws reflect the essential connections and developmental trends of objective things, and the development of any thing cannot be separated from the domination of laws. In the New Era, strengthening the construction of the educational ecology of ideological and political education for university students and creating a “scenic line” and “ecological forest” of ideological and political education for university students must undoubtedly follow, and cannot violate, the laws of ideological and political education for university students. Furthermore, ideological and political education for university students must follow the laws of ideological and political work, the laws of teaching and educating, and the laws of student growth. In the process of education, it must always adhere to a student-centered approach, fully consider the ideological characteristics and developmental needs of contemporary university students, and strengthen the supply of ideological and political education, improve methods of ideological and political education, and innovate carriers of ideological and political education in a targeted manner, continuously activating the endogenous driving force for the innovative development of ideological and political education for university students, thereby creating a “scenic line” and “ecological forest” of ideological and political education for university students with diverse forms, rich content, and significant effectiveness, forming a good educational ecology.

一是大学生思想政治教育要在遵循规律中推进创新发展。规律反映了客观事物的本质联系及其发展趋势，任何事物的发展都无法离开规律的支配。新时代加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，打造大学生思想政治教育“风景线”和“生态林”，无疑也必须遵循而不能违背大学生思想政治教育的规律。进而言之，大学生思想政治教育必须要遵循思想政治工作规律、教书育人规律和学生成长规律，在育人过程中始终坚持以生为本，充分考虑当代大学生的思想特点和发展需求，并有针对性地强化思想政治教育供给、改进思想政治教育方法和创新思想政治教育载体，不断激活大学生思想政治教育创新发展的内生动力，从而打造出形式多样、内容丰富、实效显著的大学生思想政治教育“风景线”和“生态林”，形成良好的育人生态。

Second, ideological and political education for university students should promote innovative development by staying close to reality. Compared with ideological and political education carried out for other groups such as workers, peasants, soldiers, and the general public, ideological and political education for university students has certain particularities and contains specific regularities. Moreover, within the university student population itself, there are actually distinct differences among students from different regions, different institutions, different majors, different grades, and different growth environments, and there are many different situations in the specific practice of ideological and political education. This determines that there is no universally applicable model or unchanging practice for ideological and political education for university students; it cannot be simply imitated, let alone copied exactly. In strengthening the construction of the educational ecology of ideological and political education for university students, universities should not only be adept at drawing on the beneficial practices of other institutions as “stones from other hills” [n], but also actively explore institutional practices that suit their own development and meet educational needs, adapting measures to local conditions, to the conditions of the institution, and to the needs of students, avoiding the homogenization tendency of “one face for a thousand people” or “unchanging.” Only in this way can the degree of integration between ideological and political education for university students and specific realities be continuously improved, forming an educational ecology that conforms to each institution’s actual situation.

二是大学生思想政治教育要在贴近实际中推进创新发展。大学生思想政治教育，相对于针对工人、农民、军人、社会大众等其他人群开展的思想政治教育而言，具有一定的特殊性，蕴含着特定的规律性。不仅如此，就大学生人群内部来讲，实际上不同区域、不同院校、不同专业、不同年级、不同成长环境的大学生也存在着鲜明的差异性，在思想政治教育具体实践中有很多不同的情况，这就决定了大学生思想政治教育没有普遍适用的模式、一成不变的做法，不能简单模仿，更不能原样照搬。加强大学生思想政治教育育人生态建设，作为高校来讲既要善于借鉴兄弟院校他山之石的有益做法，又要主动探索适合自身发展、符合育人需要的院校实践，做到因地制宜、因校制宜、因材施教，避免“千人一面”或“一成不变”的同质化倾向。唯有如此，才能不断提高大学生思想政治教育与具体实际的黏合度，形成符合各自实际情况的育人生态。

Third, ideological and political education for university students should promote innovative development by keeping pace with the times. Since the New Era, along with changes and developments in the international and domestic situation, the environment for ideological and political education for university students has also undergone significant changes, exhibiting characteristics of complexity, variability, and comprehensiveness, which have placed new demands on the strengthening and improvement of ideological and political education for university students. Ideological and political education for university students should be adept at accurately recognizing changes, actively seeking changes, and being good at responding to changes in the course of development, and be adept at promoting practical innovation based on new situations, new circumstances, and new trends, continuously improving its level of integration and symbiosis with new technologies, new means, new methods, and new content, ensuring that ideological and political education for university students can always adapt to new changes, respond to new demands, and solve new problems, and achieve new development in this process. Only in this way can ideological and political education for university students always keep pace with the times and develop together with practice, and can it shoulder its fundamental mission of fostering virtue through education.

三是大学生思想政治教育要在与时俱进中推进创新发展。新时代以来，伴随着国际国内形势的变化发展，大学生思想政治教育环境也发生了显著变化，呈现出复杂性、多变性、综合性特征，对大学生思想政治教育的加强和改进提出了新要求。大学生思想政治教育要善于在发展中准确识变、主动求变、善于应变，善于立足新情况新境遇新形势推进实践创新，不断提升其与新技术新手段新方法新内容融合共生的水平，确保大学生思想政治教育能够始终适应新变化、回应新需求、破解新课题，并在这个过程中实现新发展。唯有如此，大学生思想政治教育才能始终与时代同步伐、同实践共发展，才能肩负其立德树人的根本使命担当。

(4) Establishing long-term mechanisms and consolidating educational effectiveness

（四）建立长效机制，巩固教育实效

As a practical activity of fostering virtue through education, the effectiveness of ideological and political education for university students often does not produce immediate results but has a certain lag. At the same time, the achievement of its educational effectiveness is not due to the single influence of one factor but is comprehensively influenced by multiple factors. Facing the objectively existing multiple problem patterns, ideological and political education for university students must promote normalized practice, establish long-term mechanisms, strengthen institutional construction, strive to optimize the construction of the educational ecology, and effectively enhance educational effectiveness.

大学生思想政治教育作为立德树人的实践活动，其实效的呈现往往不是立竿见影，而是具有一定的滞后性。同时其育人实效的达成，也不靠某方面因素的单一影响，而是受多方面因素综合影响。面对客观存在的多重问题样态，大学生思想政治教育必须要推进常态化实践、建立长效机制、强化制度建设，努力优化育人生态建设，切实提升育人实效。

First, promoting normalized practice. The achievement of educational effectiveness in ideological and political education for university students often does not rely on educational practice in one time or one place, nor on constantly innovating forms and patterns, but on continuously targeting goals with the “nail-driving spirit” of “leaving marks when grasping iron and stamping prints when stepping on stone” [n] to carry out education. This means that the improvement and strengthening of ideological and political education for university students should find ways and make efforts to promote normalized practice, avoiding carrying it out in a “one-off” or “campaign-style” manner. For example, carrying out Party history study and education for university students should by no means be done only when the Party Central Committee launches centralized Party history study and education activities, but should be organically integrated with ideological and political theory course teaching, campus cultural construction, etc., and carried out on a normalized basis, so as to continuously consolidate educational effectiveness and enhance the influence of education.

一是推进常态化实践。大学生思想政治教育育人实效的取得，往往不是靠一时一地的教育实践，也不是靠不断翻新形式花样，而是要瞄准目标持续不断地以“抓铁有痕、踏石留印”的钉钉子精神开展教育。这意味着，大学生思想政治教育的改进和加强要在推进常态化实践上想办法、做文章，避免“一阵风”“运动式”地开展。比如，对大学生开展党史学习教育，绝不是仅仅在党中央开展党史学习集中教育活动时才开展，而要把党史学习教育与思想政治理论课教学、校园文化建设等有机融合起来，常态化地开展，从而才能持续巩固育人实效，增强教育影响力度。

Second, establishing long-term mechanisms. As a systematic project that needs to be continuously and gradually advanced, ideological and political education for university students cannot pursue quick success or instant benefits; it requires persistent and sustained effort. That is to say, to truly enable university students to internalize the content of ideological and political education in their minds and hearts and transform it into practical guidance, it is necessary to establish long-term mechanisms in areas such as educational research and practical transformation, effect consolidation and achievement promotion, platform construction and operational support, so that educational practice activities are more replicable, generalizable, and sustainable. It must never be superficial or cursory, nor violate laws and normal conditions by carrying out educational practice activities in an extraordinary manner; otherwise, it will inevitably evolve into a “one-off” educational practice that is difficult to sustain, let alone produce results with universal educational significance. This requires the establishment of long-term mechanisms, preparing elements, setting links, controlling processes, ensuring conditions, and evaluating results from the perspective of ensuring the long-term effectiveness of educational practice.

二是建立长效性机制。大学生思想政治教育作为一项需要持续而逐渐深入推进的系统工程，不能追求一蹴而就、一劳永逸，需要久久为功、绵绵用力。这就是说，要使大学生真正将思想政治教育内容入脑入心，并转化为其实践遵循，就必须在教育研究与实践转化、效果巩固与成果推广、平台搭建与运行保障等方面建立长效机制，使教育实践活动更具可复制性、可推广性、可持续性，绝不能浅尝辄止、走马观花，更不能违背规律和常态，超常规开展教育实践活动，否则就必然会演变成为“一阵风”式的教育实践而难以持续发展，更无法促成具有普遍教育意义的效果产出。这就要求必须建立长效机制，从确保教育实践长期有效的角度去进行要素准备、环节设置、过程把控、条件保障和结果评价。

Third, advance institutionalized construction. As the central link in fostering virtue and nurturing talent [n] in higher education, ideological and political education for university students occupies a special position, carries a glorious mission, and bears great significance. To carry out ideological and political education for university students scientifically, it must be incorporated into the governance system of higher education institutions for top-level design and overall planning, and institutionalized construction must be continuously advanced. Since the New Era, ideological and political education for university students, building on its glorious traditions, has steadily upheld fundamental principles and broken new ground [n], taking important steps toward normalization, scientization, and institutionalization. It has gradually established, improved, and continuously refined relevant systems and mechanisms, achieving important results in advancing the iterative upgrading of institutionalized construction. However, we must also deeply recognize that "institutional issues are more fundamental, overarching, stable, and long-term in nature." [n] Facing the new journey of advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and building a strong country, ideological and political education for university students must further strengthen institutional construction and enhance its own governance capacity. Only through rational institutional design, constructing and forming long-term mechanisms, can ideological and political education for university students fully release its ideological and political guiding force and realize its important value of fostering virtue and nurturing talent.

三是推进制度化建设。大学生思想政治教育作为高校立德树人的中心环节，其地位特殊、使命光荣、意义重大。科学开展大学生思想政治教育，必须纳入高校治理体系建设中去顶层设计、整体谋划，不断推进制度化建设。新时代以来，大学生思想政治教育在继承光荣传统的基础上不断守正创新，在常态化、科学化、制度化建设方面迈出了重要步伐，逐步建立健全并不断完善相关的体制机制，在推进制度化建设迭代升级方面取得了重要成果。但我们同时也要深刻地认识到，“制度问题更带有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性”。面向推进中华民族伟大复兴和强国建设的新征程，大学生思想政治教育尚须进一步强化制度建设，提升自身治理水平。唯有通过合理的制度设计，构建并形成长效机制，大学生思想政治教育才能充分释放思政引领力，发挥其立德树人的重要价值。

(The authors are professors and doctoral supervisors at the Research Center for Marxist Theory, Southwest University)

（作者系西南大学马克思主义理论研究中心教授博士生导师）

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁