Strengthening Rectification of Conduct and Discipline to Clear Obstacles and Safeguard Reform

Persistently rectifying conduct and enforcing discipline is an important component of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thought on Party building, and it also distinctly embodies the practical requirements of the “nine withs” [1]1 The “nine withs” (九个以) refers to the nine specific practical requirements outlined in Xi Jinping’s important thought on the Party’s self-revolution, including “with the Party’s political construction as the guide,” “with the people-centered development philosophy,” etc. in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thought on the Party’s self-revolution. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” [2]2 This is the key policy document adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024, outlining the roadmap for further comprehensive reform., reviewed and approved at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, makes in-depth and systematic arrangements for “deepening the advancement of work on clean governance and the fight against corruption.” General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection [3]3 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection was held in January 2025, focusing on anti-corruption and Party discipline. that rectification of conduct, enforcement of discipline, and the fight against corruption must be integrated. On the New Era’s new journey, the comprehensive deepening of reform has a scope broader, a depth greater, and an intensity stronger than ever before. It is imperative to integrate the rectification of conduct, enforcement of discipline, and the fight against corruption throughout all aspects of Party building, foster a sound political ecosystem conducive to undertaking endeavors and starting businesses, and ensure that the entire Party marches forward in unison.

持之以恒正风肃纪是习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想的重要内容，也鲜明地体现了习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想中“九个以”的实践要求。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》对“深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争”作出深入系统部署。习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委四次全会上进一步强调，要坚持正风肃纪反腐相贯通。新时代新征程，全面深化改革范围之广、程度之深、力度之大前所未有，必须将正风肃纪反腐贯穿党的建设各方面，营造干事创业良好政治生态，确保全党步调一致向前进。

The Importance and Necessity of Persistently Strengthening Rectification of Conduct and Discipline

持之以恒强化正风肃纪的重要性必要性

It is tied to the fundamental principles of Marxist Party-building theory. Marx and Engels believed that “discipline is the primary condition for an effective and strong organization.” [4]4 This is a paraphrase of a principle from Marx and Engels’ writings on revolutionary organization, emphasizing discipline as foundational. In leading the proletarian revolutionary movement, they pointed out the need to “prevent the state and the organs of the state from changing from servants of society into masters of society.” [5]5 This is a reference to Marx’s analysis of the Paris Commune in “The Civil War in France,” warning against the state becoming a parasitic body. Lenin was the first to propose that “Party discipline is iron discipline” and pointed out how to strengthen and maintain it: “First, by the class consciousness of the proletarian vanguard and its devotion to the revolution, by its tenacity, self-sacrifice and heroism. Second, by its ability to link up, to keep in close touch with, and, to a certain extent, if you like, to merge with the broadest masses of the working people—primarily with the proletarian, but also with the non-proletarian, masses of working people. Third, by the correctness of the political leadership exercised by this vanguard, by the correctness of its political strategy and tactics, provided the broadest masses have been convinced of this correctness through their own experience.” [6]6 This is a direct quotation from Lenin’s “Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder” (1920), where he explains the conditions for maintaining Party discipline. Advanced theoretical arming, developing inner-Party democracy, implementing inner-Party openness, and strengthening supervision are necessary conditions for a Marxist ruling party to maintain fine conduct.

马克思主义建党学说的基本原则所系。马克思、恩格斯认为，“纪律是一个有成效的和坚强的组织的首要条件”。他们在领导无产阶级革命运动中指出，要“防止国家和国家机关由社会公仆变为社会主宰”。列宁最早提出“党的纪律是铁的纪律”，并指出如何加强和维持：“第一，是靠无产阶级先锋队的觉悟和它对革命的忠诚，是靠它的坚韧不拔、自我牺牲和英雄气概。第二，是靠它善于同最广大的劳动群众，首先是同无产阶级劳动群众，但同样也同非无产阶级劳动群众联系、接近，甚至可以说在某种程度上同他们打成一片。第三，是靠这个先锋队所实行的政治领导正确，靠它的政治战略和策略正确，而最广大的群众根据切身经验也确信其正确。”先进理论武装、发展党内民主、实行党内公开、加强监督等是马克思主义执政党保持优良作风的必要条件。

It is the historical experience of the CPC over more than a century of purifying and cleansing. The CPC is a Marxist political party organized with revolutionary ideals and iron discipline. Major assertions such as “the line is the ‘kingly way,’ discipline is the ‘hegemonic way’,” [7]7 This is a famous saying by Mao Zedong, contrasting the guiding role of the political line (“kingly way”) with the coercive role of discipline (“hegemonic way”). “strengthen discipline, and the revolution will be invincible,” [8]8 This is a slogan from the Chinese Civil War period, emphasizing that strict discipline is essential for revolutionary victory. and the Party’s unity and solidarity “rely first on ideals, second on discipline” [9]9 This is a statement by Deng Xiaoping, highlighting the dual reliance on ideals and discipline for Party unity. profoundly reveal the deep connection between discipline building and the development of the Party’s cause. The glorious traditions and fine conduct that the Party has cultivated and upheld—loyalty to the Party, integration of theory with practice, close ties with the masses, criticism and self-criticism, and daring to be good at struggle—are vivid manifestations of the Party’s advanced nature and purity. Entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core began by formulating and implementing the Eight-Point Regulations [10]10 The Eight-Point Regulations are a set of rules introduced by the CPC Central Committee in 2012 to curb extravagance, bureaucracy, and formalism among Party officials. to break the ice, made discipline building the fundamental strategy for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, insisted on grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, and made rectifying misconduct and corruption around the masses the top priority. It has curbed unhealthy trends that had long gone unchecked, corrected deep-seated problems that had persisted for years, fundamentally reversed the lax and soft state of Party governance, continuously fostered a political ecosystem of clean and upright conduct, and strengthened the people’s trust in the Party, love for the Party, and determination to forever follow the Party.

中国共产党百余年激浊扬清的历史经验所在。中国共产党是用革命理想和铁的纪律组织起来的马克思主义政党。“路线是‘王道’，纪律是‘霸道’”、“加强纪律性，革命无不胜”、党的团结统一“一靠理想，二靠纪律”等重大论断，深刻揭示纪律建设与党的事业发展的深刻关联；对党忠诚、理论与实际相结合、密切联系群众、批评与自我批评、敢于善于斗争等党培育并坚持的光荣传统和优良作风，是党的先进性纯洁性的生动体现。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央，以制定和落实中央八项规定开局破题，将纪律建设作为全面从严治党的治本之策，坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，把整治群众身边的不正之风和腐败问题作为重中之重，刹住了一些长期没有刹住的歪风，纠治了一些多年未除的顽瘴痼疾，从根本上扭转了管党治党宽松软的状况，风清气正的政治生态不断发展，人民群众信任党、热爱党、永远跟党走的决心更加坚定。

It is required by the mission and task of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. At present, changes unseen in a century are accelerating. Advancing Chinese-path modernization, a pioneering undertaking without precedent, will inevitably encounter various entirely new challenges that have never appeared before. The greater the risks, the more numerous the challenges, and the heavier the tasks, the more necessary it is to use good conduct to inspire spirit, stimulate fighting will, establish an image, and win the people’s hearts. However, “compared with the great social revolution of marching towards a powerful modern socialist country, there are still some mismatches and maladaptations in the Party’s own construction. Some problems that weaken the Party’s advanced nature and harm its purity are highly dangerous and destructive. In particular, some problems in work on clean governance have a recurrent and stubborn nature; if not carefully attended to, they will rebound and undo all previous achievements.” [11]11 This is a quotation from a speech by Xi Jinping, warning against complacency in Party building. It is imperative to unswervingly rectify conduct, enforce discipline, and fight corruption, promote the deepening of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in all respects, ensure that the Party never deteriorates, never changes its color, and never loses its flavor, always stay at the forefront of the times, and always remain the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

以党的自我革命引领社会革命的使命任务所需。当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，推进中国式现代化这项前无古人的开创性事业，必然会遇到各种从未出现过的全新课题。风险越大、挑战越多、任务越重，越要以好的作风振奋精神、激发斗志、树立形象、赢得民心。然而，“同向社会主义现代化强国进军的伟大社会革命相比，党的自身建设上还存在一些不匹配、不适应的地方，一些弱化党的先进性、损害党的纯洁性的问题具有很大的危险性和破坏性，特别是党风廉政上的一些问题具有反复性和顽固性，稍不注意就会反弹回潮、前功尽弃”。必须坚定不移正风肃纪反腐，推动全面从严治党向纵深发展，确保党永远不变质、不变色、不变味，始终走在时代前列，始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

Providing Strong Safeguards for Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively through Rectification of Conduct and Discipline

以正风肃纪为进一步全面深化改革提供有力保障

In terms of scope, the “comprehensiveness” of reform covers all fields of economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction, as well as the self-construction of the CPC that leads the reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “By ‘comprehensiveness,’ we mean coordinating and advancing reforms in all areas. This requires a general goal to manage the overall situation, and also requires answering the question of what the ultimate purpose of advancing reforms in all areas is and what overall result is to be achieved.” [12]12 This is a quotation from Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as the general goal of comprehensively deepening reform. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC sounded the charge for further deepening reform comprehensively. It requires the Party to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to advance major reforms in various fields more steadily and swiftly, riding the wind and breaking the waves, implement various measures to benefit the people, enrich the people, and strengthen the people, and improve a series of institutional mechanisms to promote development and ensure security. For such a profound and systematic reform, piecemeal approaches will not work, expedient measures will not work, and each attending to its own affairs will not work. It must be scientifically planned under the Party’s overall leadership, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, systematically advanced under the guidance of the Party’s innovative theory, and integrated for effectiveness with the common support and participation of the entire Party. The comprehensive role of “discipline” in education, restraint, guarantee, and motivation runs through the entire process of governing the Party; while “conduct,” with its distinctive characteristics of displaying image and leading trends, centrally reflects the new achievements of Party building. By persistently rectifying conduct and enforcing discipline, the Party can, through its own greater robustness, continuously enhance its political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, ensure that the Party’s core leadership role of exercising overall leadership and coordinating all efforts is fully exerted, and fully manifest the institutional advantages and reform effectiveness.

从广度上看，改革之“全面”涵盖经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明建设各领域，也包括领导改革的中国共产党的自身建设。习近平总书记强调：“全面者，就是要统筹推进各领域改革，就需要有管总的目标，也要回答推进各领域改革最终是为了什么、要取得什么样的整体结果这个问题。”党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央将完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化作为全面深化改革的总目标。党的二十届三中全会吹响了进一步全面深化改革的冲锋号，需要党团结带领全国各族人民更加蹄疾步稳、乘风破浪地推进各领域重大改革，实施各项惠民利民富民举措，完善一系列推动发展、保障安全的体制机制。如此深刻而系统的改革，零敲碎打不行、权宜之计不行、各管一摊也不行，必须在党的全面领导特别是党中央集中统一领导下科学谋划，在党的创新理论指导下系统推进，在全党共同的支持参与中集成问效。“纪律”所具有的教育约束、保障激励综合作用，使其贯穿管党治党全过程；而“作风”则以其展示形象、引领风气的鲜明特点集中体现党的建设新成效。持之以恒正风肃纪，党才能以自身的更加过硬，不断增强政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力，确保党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用充分发挥，制度优势、改革效能充分彰显。

In terms of depth, the “further” and “deepening” of reform means that our Party must directly face the hardest of hard nuts, the most difficult of difficulties, and the most dangerous of dangers in reform. On the one hand, “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will by no means be achieved easily. The more our country develops and grows stronger, the greater the resistance and pressure it will encounter.” [13]13 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Organizational Work” (July 3, 2013), in *Excerpts from Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Strict Governance of the Party*, Central Party Literature Press, 2016, p. 73. On the other hand, the principal contradiction in Chinese society has changed, and the people’s needs for a better life are increasingly diverse. “Achieving socialist modernization in a country of 1.4 billion people—how great and how difficult is that!” [14]14 “Four down-to-earth practices” (四下基层): A work method originating in Fujian Province in the late 1980s, referring to the practice of going down to the grassroots for propaganda, investigation, reception of petitioners, and on-site work. This requires us to carry forward the spiritual bloodline of the Communists, overcome bad conduct among some Party members such as lack of initiative, hesitation, carelessness, and flashiness, enhance the ability to prevent and resolve risks that hinder reform advancement and affect the development of the Party’s and the people’s cause, and do a good job of the great essay of comprehensively deepening reform with a mental state of never-tiring effort and a posture of never-stopping struggle.

从深度上看，改革之“进一步”“深化”意味着我们党不得不直面改革的坚中之坚、难中之难、险中之险。一方面，“中华民族伟大复兴绝不是轻轻松松就能实现的，我国越发展壮大，遇到的阻力和压力就会越大”；另一方面，我国社会主要矛盾发生变化，人民对美好生活的需要日益多元，“在我国这样一个十四亿人口的国家实现社会主义现代化，这是多么伟大、多么不易！”这就要求我们赓续共产党人精神血脉，克服部分党员中存在的不思进取、瞻前顾后、简单马虎、华而不实等不良作风，提升防范化解阻碍改革推进、影响党和人民事业发展风险的本领，以永不懈怠的精神状态和永不止步的奋斗姿态做好全面深化改革这篇大文章。

In terms of intensity and effectiveness, “reform” is a comprehensive manifestation of our Party’s emancipation of the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, and being realistic and pragmatic. It requires both liberating ideological understanding from outdated concepts, practices, and systems, from erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism, and from the shackles of subjectivism and metaphysics; and firmly grasping the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization, the main line of institutional construction, and the main body of the people. For “what should be changed and can be changed,” it is necessary to “resolutely change” and “change it thoroughly,” break “hidden rules” and establish “clear rules” through rectifying conduct and enforcing discipline, and continuously correct problems such as the alienation of the view of power, the distortion of the outlook on political performance, and the deviation of the view on career, thereby creating a sound political environment for stimulating the vitality of business entities and maintaining fair competition. For “what should not be changed and cannot be changed, resolutely do not change,” it is necessary, within the strict tone, to clarify the direction and strengthen immunity, promote the entire Party to strengthen its faith and belief in Marxism, adhere to the fundamental position of putting the people first, resist the erosion of various decadent values, and safeguard the assault on reform difficulties in a virtuous cycle of correcting errors while establishing the correct, punishing evil while promoting good.

从力度和效度上看，“改革”是我们党解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实的综合体现，既要把思想认识从不合时宜的观念、做法和体制中解放出来，从对马克思主义的错误的和教条式的理解中解放出来，从主观主义和形而上学的桎梏中解放出来；又要牢牢把握推进中国式现代化这一主题、制度建设这一主线、人民群众这一主体。对于“该改的、能改的”要“坚决改”“改到位”，通过正风肃纪破“潜规则”、立“明规矩”，持续纠治权力观异化、政绩观扭曲、事业观偏差等问题，为激发经营主体活力、维护公平竞争营造良好政治环境。对于“不该改的、不能改的坚决不改”，在严的基调中明方向、强免疫，推动全党坚定对马克思主义的信仰信念，坚守人民至上的根本立场，抵御各种腐朽价值观念侵蚀，在纠树并举、惩恶扬善的良性循环中保障改革攻坚。

The comprehensive deepening of reform is both a profound social revolution and a deep-level self-revolution of the Party. Reform and opening up was a great awakening of our Party. From reform to the comprehensive deepening of reform, and then to the further comprehensive deepening of reform, this manifests China’s great leap from “lagging behind the times” to “keeping up with the times” and then to “leading the times,” marking the continuous entry of reform and opening up and socialist modernization into new stages. It also reflects the self-improvement of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the self-enhancement of the Party’s governance capacity and the state’s governance capability. By focusing on key areas to deepen institutional and mechanism reforms, and by controlling key powers such as policy formulation, decision-making, and approval and supervision, the space for power rent-seeking is continuously compressed, the mechanisms for power operation and supervision and restraint are constantly improved, Party and government affairs become more transparent, and the awareness of abiding by laws and disciplines becomes more conscious. The continuously developing social productive forces and the ever-increasing social vitality are conducive to eradicating the soil that breeds corruption at its source, providing fundamental conditions for strengthening discipline and rectifying conduct.

全面深化改革既是深刻的社会革命，也是党深层次的自我革命。改革开放是我们党的一次伟大觉醒。从改革到全面深化改革，再到进一步全面深化改革，彰显着中国从“落后时代”到“赶上时代”再到“引领时代”的伟大跨越，标志着改革开放和社会主义现代化建设不断进入新阶段，也体现出中国特色社会主义制度的自我完善和党的执政水平、国家治理能力的自我提高。通过聚焦重点领域深化体制机制改革，管住定政策、作决策、审批监管等关键权力，使得权力寻租空间不断压缩，权力运行与监督制约机制不断完善，党务政务更加公开，遵纪守法意识更加自觉，不断发展的社会生产力、不断增强的社会活力有利于从源头上清除腐败滋生的土壤，为正风肃纪提供了根本条件。

Adhering to a systematic approach and scientific methods to strengthen discipline and rectify conduct to promote the implementation of reform

坚持系统观念和科学方法正风肃纪促进改革落实

Highlighting political attributes. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “When we improve our work style, we cannot simply address issues on a case-by-case basis, thinking that solving the immediate problems of work style on the surface is enough. Instead, we must draw inferences from one instance, see Party spirit through work style, and solve the problems of Party spirit on the basis of solving work style problems.” [13]13 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Organizational Work” (July 3, 2013), in *Excerpts from Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Strict Governance of the Party*, Central Party Literature Press, 2016, p. 73. The most fundamental aspect of stressing politics is to stress Party spirit. Party spirit, in the final analysis, is a matter of stance. It requires Party cadres to firmly establish their political stance, political direction, political principles, and political path in ideology and politics, and to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee, implement the Party’s political line, and strictly abide by the Party’s political discipline and political rules in action and practice. First, firmly grasp the important political task of strengthening discipline and rectifying conduct, completely, accurately, and comprehensively transform the Party’s innovative theories into the guiding ideology, basic principles, and work content for Party conduct and discipline construction. Adhere to the principle that wherever the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and deployments go, the strengthening of discipline and rectifying conduct follows, using the yardstick of work style and the ruler of discipline to measure Party cadres’ belief in Marxism, their conviction in communism and socialism, and their loyalty to the Party and the people. Second, anchor the requirements of the times for strengthening discipline and rectifying conduct, focus on realizing the Party’s mission and tasks on the new journey, and concentrate on new problems encountered in practice, deep-seated problems affecting reform, development, and stability, and urgent problems of the people, to play a supervisory and safeguarding role. Promote the full manifestation of the Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization, the comprehensive implementation of its essential requirements, and the resolute implementation of its major principles. Third, closely adhere to the people’s hearts, which is the biggest politics, and keep in mind that benefiting the people is the greatest political performance. Apply the fine work style of the “four down-to-earth practices” [14]14 “Four down-to-earth practices” (四下基层): A work method originating in Fujian Province in the late 1980s, referring to the practice of going down to the grassroots for propaganda, investigation, reception of petitioners, and on-site work. concretely in local practices, promptly discover and solve problems such as laziness, unfairness, injustice, and lack of integrity in governance behind work style issues, and transform the Party’s greatest political advantage of close ties with the masses into a powerful joint force to lead the people in promoting reform.

突出政治属性。习近平总书记强调：“我们改进作风，不能简单就事论事，以为把眼前存在的作风问题从面上解决了就万事大吉了，而是要举一反三，透过作风看党性，在解决作风问题的基础上解决好党性问题。”讲政治最根本就是要讲党性，党性说到底就是立场问题，要求党员干部在思想政治上坚定政治立场、政治方向、政治原则、政治道路，在行动实践上维护党中央权威、执行党的政治路线、严格遵守党的政治纪律和政治规矩。一是牢牢把握正风肃纪的重要政治任务，完整、准确、全面地把党的创新理论转化为党的作风和纪律建设的指导思想、基本原则、工作内容，坚持党中央重大决策部署到哪里、正风肃纪就跟进到哪里，用作风标尺和纪律戒尺衡量党员干部对马克思主义的信仰、对共产主义和社会主义的信念、对党和人民的忠诚。二是锚定正风肃纪的时代要求，着眼于实现新征程上党的使命任务，聚焦实践遇到的新问题、影响改革发展稳定的深层次问题、人民群众急难愁盼问题发挥监督保障作用，促进中国式现代化的中国特色充分彰显、本质要求全面落实、重大原则坚决贯彻。三是紧扣民心这个最大的政治，牢记为民造福是最大的政绩，将“四下基层”优良作风具体地运用到各地实践中，及时发现和解决作风问题背后的为政不勤、不公、不义、不廉等问题，把密切联系群众这一党的最大政治优势，转化为带领人民推动改革的强大合力。

Adhering to a strict tone. “Strictness” originates from the vanguard nature of the Chinese Communist Party, embodying the wisdom of governing the Party and the state. “Enforcing stricter discipline than ordinary civilians” [15]15 Mao Zedong, “The Role of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War” (October 1938), in *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 2, People’s Publishing House, 1991, p. 522. is necessary to win the people’s hearts and lead the masses; “obeying orders in all actions” is necessary to implement the line and advance the cause. Strengthening discipline and rectifying conduct is not only a “dust-cleaning” that directly confronts practical problems, but also an “ideological rectification” that carries forward glorious traditions, and even more so a “continuous purification” of the political ecology within the Party. First, adhere to a strict tone, resolutely abandon the mentality of seeking quick success in one battle, the pessimistic attitude of being unable to prevent everything, the war-weariness of resting on one’s laurels, and the resistance of confusing right and wrong. Always maintain the tenacity and perseverance that the fight against corruption is always on the way, never stopping, and continuously adding force and charging forward. Second, deepen strict measures, not neglecting the smallest details or giving up on the slightest progress. Improve the operational mechanism of discovering and investigating one case, dynamic elimination, and routine punishment. Make good use of the powerful lever of promoting reform and governance through case analysis, enrich the empowering means of big data and informatization, deepen reform, improve systems, and plug loopholes around key areas and prominent issues, cutting off the intertwined ties between misconduct and corruption. Third, strengthen a strict atmosphere, strictly enforce political discipline and political rules, use strict political discipline to drive comprehensive strictness in all disciplines, promote strictness throughout the entire process of Party regulation formulation, Party discipline education, and disciplinary enforcement supervision, and promote strictness in the full-cycle management and supervision of Party cadres. Fourth, combine strict management with care and support, accurately apply the “four forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement, [16]16 “Four forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement: A graduated system of disciplinary measures, ranging from criticism and education to light sanctions, heavy sanctions, and criminal prosecution, used by the CPC’s discipline inspection bodies. strictly implement the requirements of the “three distinctions,” [17]17 “Three distinctions” (三个区分开来): A policy framework that distinguishes between errors made in reform experiments due to lack of precedent, mistakes made in promoting development, and violations of discipline or law, to encourage innovation while maintaining accountability. and mechanisms such as the promotion and demotion of leading cadres and the tolerance and correction of errors. Use multiple measures to enhance the people-oriented feelings, sense of responsibility, and leadership skills of leading cadres at all levels, gathering positive energy for reform and development.

坚持严的基调。“严”源自中国共产党的先锋队性质，体现着管党治党和治国理政的智慧，“执行比一般平民更加严格的纪律”才能赢得民心、引领群众；“一切行动听指挥”才能贯彻路线、推进事业。正风肃纪，不仅是直面现实问题的“灰尘清扫”，也是弘扬光荣传统的“思想整风”，更是党内政治生态的“持续净化”。一是坚持严的基调，坚决摒弃毕其功于一役的速胜情绪、防不胜防的悲观心态、见好就收的厌战思想、是非不分的抵触心理，始终保持反腐败永远在路上的坚韧执着，一刻不停歇地再加力、再冲锋。二是深化严的举措，不弃微末、不舍寸功，完善发现一起、查处一起，动态清除、常态惩治的运行机制，用好以案促改促治这个有力抓手，丰富大数据信息化这个赋能手段，围绕重点领域和突出问题深化改革、完善制度、堵塞漏洞，斩断风腐交织的纽带。三是强化严的氛围，严明政治纪律和政治规矩，以严明政治纪律带动各项纪律全面从严，推进党规制定、党纪教育、执纪监督全程从严，推动对党员干部全周期管理监督从严。四是坚持严管和厚爱结合，准确运用监督执纪“四种形态”，严格落实“三个区分开来”要求以及领导干部能上能下、容错纠错等机制，多措并举提升各级领导干部为民情怀、责任意识和担当本领，凝聚改革发展正能量。

Strengthening precision thinking. Grasping the principal contradiction and implementing precise measures embodies the ideological essence of Marxist seeking truth from facts. From the perspective of key tasks, the interweaving of misconduct and corruption is a prominent issue that must be addressed in the current construction of clean governance and the fight against corruption. We must closely focus on the strategic deployments determined by the 20th National Congress of the CPC to strengthen supervision and discipline enforcement, treat the Central Eight-Point Regulations as iron rules and hard constraints, seriously investigate and punish violations of discipline and “four forms of decadence” [18]18 “Four forms of decadence” (四风): Formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance, identified as major problems in Party conduct. that are blatant or hidden, always maintain “zero tolerance,” and constantly recite the “tightening mantra.” From the perspective of key targets, Party cadres are the backbone of the Party and state’s cause, and also the “leading geese” in strengthening discipline and rectifying conduct. The yardstick of work style and the ruler of discipline must both be aimed at this “key minority,” using complete and effective institutional measures to urge them to set an example in clean exercise of power, clean self-cultivation, and clean family management. From the perspective of key measures, adhere to the integration of strengthening discipline, rectifying conduct, and fighting corruption, improve the normalization mechanism for strengthening discipline and rectifying conduct and the mechanism for jointly investigating misconduct and corruption, combine the rectification of formalism and bureaucracy with opposing privileges, combine close ties with the masses with reducing burdens at the grassroots level, combine the collection of public opinion and wisdom with accepting people’s supervision, and use reform ideas and methods to solve the problem of intertwined misconduct and corruption.

强化精准思维。抓主要矛盾、精准施策体现了马克思主义实事求是的思想精髓。从重点任务看，不正之风和腐败问题相互交织，是现阶段党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争要着力解决的突出问题。要紧紧围绕党的二十大确定的战略部署强化监督执纪，把中央八项规定作为铁规矩、硬杠杠，严肃查处顶风违纪、隐形变异的“四风”问题，始终“零容忍”、常念“紧箍咒”。从重点对象看，党的干部是党和国家事业的中坚力量，也是正风肃纪的“领头雁”，作风标尺和纪律戒尺都要对准这一“关键少数”，以完善有效的制度举措督促其在廉洁用权、廉洁修身、廉洁齐家上作表率。从重点措施看，坚持正风肃纪反腐相贯通，健全正风肃纪常态化机制和风腐同查同治工作机制，将整治形式主义、官僚主义同反对特权结合起来，将密切联系群众和为基层减负结合起来，将汇集民意民智和接受人民监督结合起来，用改革的思路和办法破解风腐交织问题。

Emphasizing coordinated advancement. The method of coordinated advancement can generate complementary and pulling effects among the elements of a system, amplifying the overall function of the system. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “As reform deepens, the correlation and interaction between reforms in various fields and links have significantly increased. Each reform will have an important impact on other reforms, and each reform requires the coordination and cooperation of other reforms.” [19]19 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 20th Collective Study Session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee” (February 24, 2014), in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, Vol. We must adhere to the simultaneous management of Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline, consolidate and deepen the achievements of Party discipline learning and education, establish a discipline education mechanism that combines regular and centralized approaches, and integrate discipline education with Party spirit education, political ethics education, and family education. “Extend from solving the ‘four forms of decadence’ and the problem of leading cadres’ lack of strictness and solidity, strive to improve ideological style, study style, work style, leadership style, and cadre life style, so that the Party’s work style is comprehensively improved.” We must adhere to the principle of mobilizing the entire Party to work together, focus on promoting the coordination and connection of the main responsibilities of Party committees (Party groups), the regulatory responsibilities of functional departments, and the supervisory responsibilities of discipline inspection and supervision, build a responsibility chain that is comprehensive, interlocking, consistent in powers and responsibilities, and clear in rewards and punishments, and urge Party organizations and Party cadres at all levels to strengthen overall awareness and strategic focus, correctly understand and treat the adjustment of interest relations and interest patterns during the reform and development process, handle the relationship between personal interests and collective interests, local interests and overall interests, immediate interests and long-term interests, and with the spiritual realm of “success does not necessarily require my presence” and the historical responsibility of “success must necessarily have my contribution,” become promoters and doers of reform.

注重协同推进。协同推进的方法能够使系统的要素之间产生互补、拉动效应，把系统整体功能放大。习近平总书记指出：“随着改革不断深入，各个领域各个环节改革的关联性互动性明显增强，每一项改革都会对其他改革产生重要影响，每一项改革又都需要其他改革协同配合。”要坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，巩固深化党纪学习教育成果，建立经常性和集中性相结合的纪律教育机制，将纪律教育和党性教育、政德教育、家风教育贯通起来，“从解决‘四风’问题和领导干部不严不实问题延伸开去，努力改进思想作风、学风、工作作风、领导作风、干部生活作风，使党的作风全面好起来”。要坚持全党动手一起抓，着力推动党委（党组）主体责任、职能部门监管责任、纪检监察监督责任贯通协同，构建覆盖全面、环环相扣、权责一致、奖惩分明的责任链条，督促各级党组织和党员干部强化大局意识和战略定力，正确认识和对待改革发展过程中利益关系和利益格局的调整，处理好个人利益和集体利益、局部利益和全局利益、眼前利益和长远利益的关系，以“功成不必在我”的精神境界和“功成必定有我”的历史担当，当好改革的促进派、实干家。

(The author is Deputy Director of the Party Building Teaching and Research Department of the China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Institute)

（作者系中国纪检监察学院党建教研部副主任）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁