The Value Implications and Practical Logic of the “Two Integrations” Empowering Ideological and Political Courses in Higher Education

At the conference celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the scientific thesis of “persisting in integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture” (hereinafter referred to as the “Two Integrations”). The “Two Integrations” enrich and expand the connotation of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, realize a major theoretical innovation of the Party, and also provide ideological resources and theoretical support for ideological and political theory courses in higher education (hereinafter referred to as “ideological and political courses in higher education”). The *Basic Requirements for the Teaching of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Higher Education in the New Era* points out that ideological and political courses undertake the task of carrying out Marxist theoretical education for university students. Furthermore, the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out that to advance cultural confidence and self-strengthening, it is necessary to “develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, and inherit the best of traditional Chinese culture.” Ideological and political courses in higher education are cultural courses with a distinct ideological character; what they shape are builders and successors who conform to socialist morality and possess the virtues of the Chinese nation. This also means that the best of traditional Chinese culture is an important content of ideological and political courses in higher education. Therefore, taking the “Two Integrations” as an ideological resource is not only an important way to enhance the theoretical soundness and persuasiveness of ideological and political courses, but also an objective requirement and basic task for ideological and political courses in higher education to carry out Marxist theoretical education and inherit the best of traditional Chinese culture.

在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上，习近平总书记提出“坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合”（以下简称“两个结合”）的科学论断。“两个结合”丰富和拓展了马克思主义中国化时代化的内涵，实现了党的重大理论创新，也为高校思想政治理论课（以下简称“高校思政课”）提供了思想资源和理论支撑。《新时代高校思想政治理论课教学工作基本要求》指出，思政课承担着对大学生开展马克思主义理论教育的任务。此外，党的二十大报告指出，推进文化自信自强，要“发展社会主义先进文化，弘扬革命文化，传承中华优秀传统文化”。高校思政课是意识形态鲜明的文化课程，它所塑造的是符合社会主义道德和具有中华民族美德的建设者和接班人。这也意味着中华优秀传统文化是高校思政课的重要内容。因此，以“两个结合”为思想资源，既是增强思政课学理性和说服力的重要途径，也是高校思政课进行马克思主义理论教育和传承中华优秀传统文化的客观要求和基本任务。

Currently, research related to the “Two Integrations” empowering ideological and political courses in higher education has the following two characteristics. First, it emphasizes the integration of the best of traditional Chinese culture into ideological and political courses in higher education. Some scholars have explained the ideal dimension, value dimension, and practical dimension of integrating the resources of the best of traditional Chinese culture into ideological and political courses in higher education from three aspects: serving the construction of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, serving the upholding and innovation of ideological and political courses in higher education, and optimizing the teaching practice of ideological and political courses in higher education. Other scholars have pointed out that integrating the best of traditional Chinese culture into ideological and political courses in higher education is not only an important mission of higher education, but also of great significance for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture, a key concept in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., cultivating well-rounded talents, and nurturing new generations for the times. They also point out that integrating the best of traditional Chinese culture into ideological and political courses in higher education requires integration into the textbook and curriculum system, integration into campus and classroom culture, and integration into the core competencies of teachers of ideological and political courses in higher education. Second, it emphasizes the integration of the basic principles of Marxism (or the Marxist worldview and methodology) into ideological and political courses in higher education. Some scholars have explained the inspiration of the Marxist view of practice for the construction of a practical teaching model for ideological and political courses in higher education, specifically exploring the important insights of the Marxist theory of the essence of practice, the theory of the structure of practice, and the theory of the forms of practice for the specific paths, basic elements, and main forms of constructing a practical teaching model for ideological and political courses in higher education. Some scholars believe that “integrating Marxist belief education into the teaching of ideological and political courses for graduate students is an important strategic task for the ideological and political education work of graduate students in higher education institutions,” and have argued this view from the aspects of paradigm evolution and construction logic.

当前，“两个结合”赋能高校思政课的相关研究具有以下两个特点。第一，注重中华优秀传统文化融入高校思政课。有学者从服务中国特色社会主义建设事业、服务高校思政课守正创新和优化高校思政课教学实践三个方面阐释了中华优秀传统文化资源融入高校思政课的理想向度、价值向度和实践向度。也有学者指出中华优秀传统文化融入高校思政课不仅是高等教育的重要使命，而且对落实立德树人根本任务、培养全面发展的人才和培育时代新人具有重要意义，并指出中华优秀传统文化融入高校思政课，需要融入教材与课程体系、融入校园与课堂文化、融入高校思政课教师核心素养。第二，注重马克思主义基本原理（或马克思主义的世界观与方法论）融入高校思政课。有学者阐释了马克思主义实践观对高校思政课实践教学模式建构的启示，具体探寻了马克思主义的实践本质论、实践结构论和实践形式论对高校思政课实践教学模式建构的具体路径、基本要素和主要形式的重要启示。有学者认为“马克思主义信仰教育融入研究生思政课教学是高校研究生思想政治教育工作的一项重要战略任务”，并从范式嬗变与建构理路方面论证了这一观点。

Therefore, judging from the current state of academic research, scholars have mainly explored the value implications, important inspirations, and practical logic of integrating the best of traditional Chinese culture and the basic principles of Marxism (or the Marxist worldview and methodology) into ideological and political courses in higher education, and have achieved certain research results, providing theoretical reference for the study of integrating the “Two Integrations” into ideological and political courses in higher education. However, existing research focuses on thinking about and exploring the integration of the best of traditional Chinese culture and the basic principles of Marxism (or the Marxist worldview and methodology) into ideological and political courses in higher education, while research on the “Two Integrations” empowering the teaching of ideological and political courses in higher education needs to be deepened and expanded. Therefore, starting from a holistic perspective, taking the “Two Integrations” empowering the teaching of ideological and political courses in higher education as the research object and excavating the rich ideological resources within the “Two Integrations” can not only enrich the research on this topic but also promote the improvement of quality and efficiency in ideological and political courses in higher education.

因此，从当前学术界的研究状况来看，学者们主要探索了中华优秀传统文化和马克思主义基本原理（或马克思主义的世界观与方法论）融入高校思政课的价值意蕴、重要启示和实践理路，并取得了一定的研究成果，为“两个结合”融入高校思政课的研究提供了理论借鉴。然而，已有研究侧重对中华优秀传统文化和马克思主义基本原理（或马克思主义的世界观与方法论）融入高校思政课进行思考和探索，而对“两个结合”赋能高校思政课教学的研究有待深入和拓展。因此，从整体性角度出发，以“两个结合”赋能高校思政课教学为研究对象，挖掘“两个结合”中的丰富思想资源，不仅能够丰富该课题的研究，而且能够推动高校思政课提质增效。

I. The Value Implications of the “Two Integrations” Empowering Ideological and Political Courses in Higher Education

一、“两个结合”赋能高校思政课的价值意蕴

The “Two Integrations” are rich in content and profound in meaning, and can provide ideological resources for ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education. At the same time, based on the actual situation of students’ growth and development needs and ideological dynamics, transforming the main content of the “Two Integrations” into important educational resources can promote ideological and political courses to cultivate new generations of the times capable of shouldering the重任 of national rejuvenation and enhance students’ cultural confidence.

“两个结合”内容丰富、意义深刻，能够为高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务提供思想资源。同时，立足学生成长发展需要和思想动态的实际情况，将“两个结合”的主要内容转化为重要的育人资源，能够推动思政课培育堪当民族复兴重任的时代新人和增强学生的文化自信。

(A) The “Two Integrations” Are an Important Resource for Implementing the Fundamental Task of Fostering Virtue through Education

（一）“两个结合”是落实立德树人

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根本任务的重要资源

Ideological and political courses in higher education are key courses for fostering virtue through education. To implement this fundamental task, rigid preaching or mechanical indoctrination can hardly achieve results. Objectively, it requires ideological and political courses in higher education to become courses that are simultaneously political, truthful, and theoretical, guiding students to learn knowledge and pursue truth. The “Two Integrations” contain rich knowledge and wisdom and are an important resource for ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education.

高校思政课是立德树人的关键课程，落实这一根本任务，生硬的说教或机械的灌输难以收获成效，客观上要求高校思政课成为兼具政治性、真理性和学理性的课程，引导学生学习知识和追求真理。“两个结合”蕴含丰富的知识与智慧，是高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务的重要资源。

Within the “Two Integrations,” Marxism occupies a dominant position. For ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, they must place Marxist theoretical education in the primary position. For ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, the primary task is ideological guidance and belief shaping, laying the ideological foundation for students’ growth and success. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century. The world pattern and social structure are changing, various ideas and cultures interact and clash, and advanced and backward, positive and negative, mainstream and non-mainstream ideas and cultures intertwine, causing impacts on student groups whose worldviews are not yet mature, increasing resistance for ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education. Strengthening theoretical education, resolving students’ ideological confusion, and promoting the fostering of virtue through education in ideological and political courses in higher education all require drawing strength from the “Two Integrations” and strengthening Marxist theoretical education. Marxism is a doctrine concerning human liberation and guiding people to transform the subjective and objective world, occupying a dominant position in ideological and political courses in higher education. Strengthening Marxist theoretical education is key to cultivating students’ scientific thinking and dialectical thinking, enabling students to distinguish various cultural phenomena with rational thinking methods, enabling students to maintain a firm stance and keep a clear head in the complex and diverse cultural environment. At the same time, when carrying out Marxist theoretical education, ideological and political courses in higher education should guide students to view their own growth and development from the height of national development, national progress, and even human liberation, enhance students’ ideological awareness, and guide students to establish lofty ideals.

在“两个结合”中，马克思主义居于主导地位，高校思政课要落实立德树人根本任务，就要把马克思主义理论教育放在首要位置。高校思政课要落实立德树人根本任务，首要的是思想引导和信仰塑造，为学生成长成才奠定思想基础。当今世界正处于百年未有之大变局，世界格局和社会结构发生变化，各种思想和文化相互激荡，先进的与落后的、积极的与消极的、主流与非主流等思想和文化相交织，给世界观尚未成熟的学生群体造成冲击，为高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务增加了阻力。加强理论教育、解除学生思想困惑，推动高校思政课立德树人，都要求从“两个结合”中汲取力量、加强马克思主义理论教育。马克思主义是关于人类解放和指导人们改造主客观世界的学说，在高校思政课中居于主导地位。加强马克思主义理论教育，是培养学生科学思维、辩证思维的关键，使学生能够以理性的思维方法辨别各种文化现象，使学生能在纷繁复杂的文化环境中坚定立场、保持头脑清醒。同时，高校思政课在开展马克思主义理论教育时，要引导学生从国家发展、民族进步乃至人类解放的高度看待自身的成长发展，提高学生的思想觉悟，引导学生树立崇高理想。

The “Two Integrations” are based on China’s specific realities. For ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, they must also proceed from China’s actual conditions. The implementation of fostering virtue through education in ideological and political courses in higher education based on China’s specific realities can be understood from two aspects. First, ideological and political courses in higher education take “China’s realities” as an important foundation for fostering virtue through education. China’s realities are complex and difficult to fully summarize with simple words, but one of the characteristics of China’s realities is its huge population size. The important inspiration that China’s reality of a huge population size gives to ideological and political courses in higher education is that it is necessary to guide students to dialectically view China’s population size, enabling students to recognize that the huge population size increases the arduousness, complexity, and long-term nature of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, guiding students to realize that achieving modernization in a country with a huge population is an extremely difficult project; it is also necessary to guide students to see the potential advantages of the huge population size, enabling students to recognize that socialism with Chinese characteristics has the institutional advantage of pooling people and resources to accomplish major tasks, and to focus on cultivating students’ collectivist spirit, gathering strength for socialist modernization. Second, the fostering of virtue through education in ideological and political courses in higher education serves China’s development needs. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out that “we must adhere to the principle that science and technology are the primary productive forces, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force.” Talent and innovation are objective needs for China’s modernization development. For ideological and political courses in higher education to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, it is necessary to focus on cultivating and stimulating students’ creativity, cultivating students’ innovative thinking and abilities, and serving China’s modernization construction cause.

“两个结合”立足中国具体实际，高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务也要从中国实际出发。高校思政课立德树人立足中国具体实际可以从两个方面来理解。首先，高校思政课将“中国实际”作为立德树人的重要基础。中国实际具有复杂性，难以用简单话语完整概括，但是中国实际的特征之一就是人口规模巨大。人口规模巨大的中国实际给予高校思政课的重要启示就是既要引导学生辩证看待中国的人口规模，使学生认识到巨大的人口规模增加了中国特色社会主义事业的艰巨性、复杂性、长期性，引导学生认识到在人口规模巨大的中国实现现代化是难度极大的工程；又要引导学生看到巨大人口规模的潜在优势，使学生认识到中国特色社会主义具有凝聚人心物力办大事的制度优势，并且注重培养学生的集体主义精神，为社会主义现代化建设凝聚力量。其次，高校思政课立德树人服务于中国的发展需要。党的二十大报告指出，“必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力”，人才与创新是我国现代化发展的客观需要。高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务就是要注重培养和激发学生的创造性，培养学生的创新思维与能力，为中国现代化建设事业服务。

The “Two Integrations” [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture, a key concept in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. emphasize the important role of fine traditional Chinese culture. In implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people [2]2 “Fostering virtue and nurturing people” (立德树人) is a standard Chinese educational policy phrase describing the fundamental task of education: to cultivate moral character and develop talent., ideological and political courses in colleges and universities must focus on drawing nourishment from fine traditional Chinese culture. Fine traditional Chinese culture is the condensation of the wisdom of the Chinese nation in governing the country, cultivating oneself, and establishing a career. It contains the civilizational genes and spiritual character of the Chinese nation and is an important source of teaching content for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Combining fine traditional Chinese culture with ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can add humanistic depth to these courses, enhance their affinity, and reduce their dryness and tedium. The spiritual qualities within fine traditional Chinese culture—such as feelings of family and country, self-reliance and self-confidence, harmony and inclusiveness, integrity and justice, and self-restraint and caution—still possess a power that transcends time and space. They are the ideological resources for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people.

“两个结合”强调中华优秀传统文化的重要作用，高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务要注重从中华优秀传统文化中汲取养分。中华优秀传统文化是中华民族治国安邦、修身立业的智慧凝结，蕴含了中华民族的文明基因和精神品格，是高校思政课教学内容的重要来源。将中华优秀传统文化与高校思政课相结合，可以增添高校思政课的人文底蕴，提升亲和力，减少枯燥与乏味。中华优秀传统文化中的家国情怀、自立自信、和合包容、诚信正义、克己慎行等精神品格，仍然具有穿越时空的力量，是高校思政课落实立德树人根本任务的思想资源。

(II) The “Two Integrations” are the driving source for cultivating new generations capable of shouldering the

（二）“两个结合”是培养堪当民族

heavy task of national rejuvenation.

复兴重任时代新人的动力源泉

General Secretary Xi Jinping calls on Chinese youth to “strive to become new generations capable of shouldering the heavy task of national rejuvenation.” [3]3 This is a paraphrase of a call by Xi Jinping, often directed at youth, to become “new generations capable Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities are the main channel for educating people and bear the mission of cultivating new generations capable of shouldering the heavy task of national rejuvenation. Whether young people can become new generations capable of shouldering the heavy task of national rejuvenation hinges on theoretical arming and faith and conviction. The “Two Integrations” are rich in content and are important resources for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities to cultivate and shape people. Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities draw wisdom and strength from the “Two Integrations,” consolidate students’ ideological foundation, and thereby cultivate new generations. “Young Chinese in the New Era must establish faith in Marxism, conviction in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and confidence in the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” [4]4 The “One Integration” refers to the earlier formulation of integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities, which was later expanded into the “Two Integrations” by adding the integration with fine traditional Chinese culture. This is also the basic requirement for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities to cultivate new generations, namely, guiding students to establish faith, strengthen conviction, and enhance confidence. The “Two Integrations” can assist ideological and political courses in colleges and universities in cultivating students’ faith, conviction, and confidence.

习近平总书记号召中国青年“争做堪当民族复兴重任的时代新人”。高校思政课是育人的主渠道，承担着培养堪当民族复兴重任时代新人的使命。青年能否成为堪当民族复兴重任的时代新人，理论武装和信仰信念是关键。“两个结合”内容丰富，是高校思政课培养人和塑造人的重要资源。高校思政课从“两个结合”中汲取智慧与力量，筑牢学生思想基础，进而培养时代新人。“新时代中国青年要树立对马克思主义的信仰、对中国特色社会主义的信念、对中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的信心”，这也是对高校思政课培育时代新人的基本要求，即引导学生树立信仰、坚定信念、增强信心。“两个结合”可以助力高校思政课培育学生的信仰、信念和信心。

First, integrating the “Two Integrations” into ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can solve the problem of students’ lack of faith. The faith of the current student body is generally firm, but some students experience a crisis of faith, for example, believing that communism is difficult to achieve. This leads students to regard ideological and political courses in colleges and universities as “watered-down courses,” [5]5 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. The phrase “fostering virtue through education” (立德树人) is a core principle of Chinese education policy, emphasizing moral character as the foundation of talent cultivation. learning Marxist theory with a mentality of aversion and avoidance, and exhibiting decadence and negativity in their studies and lives. The “Two Integrations” reflect the Communist Party of China’s firm Marxist faith and embody the theoretical character of Chinese Communists in pursuing truth. Using the “Two Integrations” as material, ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can not only convince students with thorough theory but also guide students to learn the theoretical character of Marxists in pursuing truth and firming up faith, thereby resolving students’ crisis of faith in the process of theoretical learning. Second, integrating the “Two Integrations” into ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can solve the problem of students’ wavering conviction. One reason for students’ wavering conviction in socialism is insufficient understanding of China’s development achievements. The “Two Integrations” are theoretical creations that reflect the reality of China’s development. Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities use the “Two Integrations” to solve the problem of students’ wavering conviction. For example, ideological and political courses in colleges and universities lead students to study the great practices and achievements of China’s revolution, construction, reform, and the New Era, clarifying the Chinese nation’s struggle process from a historical logic; they lead students to study the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, explaining the unique advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics from a theoretical logic, thereby strengthening students’ confidence in socialism with Chinese characteristics. Finally, integrating the “Two Integrations” into ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can solve the problem of students’ insufficient confidence. Students’ insufficient confidence in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is mainly because they subjectively exaggerate the difficulty of achieving national rejuvenation and have an insufficient grasp of the historical process of national rejuvenation. Using the “Two Integrations” as resources, ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, based on the Party’s practice of over a hundred years, lead students to study the historical process of the Chinese nation saving the nation, rejuvenating the nation, enriching the nation, and strengthening the nation; they explain the great significance of Marxist theory and fine traditional Chinese culture for national rejuvenation, thereby enhancing students’ confidence in achieving national rejuvenation.

首先，“两个结合”融入高校思政课，能够解决学生信仰缺失问题。当前学生群体的信仰总体上是坚定的，但部分学生存在信仰危机，例如认为共产主义难以实现。这导致学生认为高校思政课是“水课”，以厌烦和逃避的心理学习马克思主义理论，在学习和生活中表现出颓废和消极。“两个结合”反映了中国共产党坚定的马克思主义信仰，体现了中国共产党人追求真理的理论品格。高校思政课以“两个结合”为素材，不仅能够以彻底的理论说服学生，还能引导学生学习马克思主义者追求真理、坚定信仰的理论品格，在理论学习中解决学生的信仰危机。其次，“两个结合”融入高校思政课，能够解决学生信念动摇问题。学生对社会主义信念的动摇，原因之一是对中国发展成就认识不足。“两个结合”是反映中国发展实际的理论创造，高校思政课运用“两个结合”解决学生信念动摇问题。例如，高校思政课带领学生学习中国革命、建设、改革和新时代的伟大实践与成就，从历史逻辑厘清中华民族的奋斗历程；带领学生学习中国特色社会主义的道路、理论、制度和文化，从理论逻辑讲好中国特色社会主义的独特优势，坚定学生的中国特色社会主义自信。最后，“两个结合”融入高校思政课，能够解决学生信心不足问题。学生对中华民族伟大复兴的信心不足，主要是因为其在主观上夸大了实现民族复兴的艰巨性和对民族复兴的历史进程把握不够。高校思政课以“两个结合”为资源，立足党的百余年实践，带领学生学习中华民族救国、兴国、富国、强国的历史进程；讲好马克思主义理论和中华优秀传统文化之于民族复兴的重大意义，增强学生对实现民族复兴的信心。

(III) The “Two Integrations” are the ideological resources for enhancing students’

（三）“两个结合”是增强学生

cultural confidence.

文化自信的思想资源

“Cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader, and deeper confidence.” [6]6 This is a standard formulation in Chinese pedagogical discourse on ideological and political education, emphasizing that the primary function of these courses is to guide students’ political orientation. Students’ cultural confidence is crucial to their personal growth and the nation’s development. Cultivating students’ cultural confidence and enhancing their cultural identity are basic tasks of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities can cultivate students’ cultural confidence by relying on various cultural resources, of which the “Two Integrations” are an important aspect.

“文化自信是更基础、更广泛、更深厚的自信。”学生的文化自信之于个人成长和国家发展至关重要。培养学生的文化自信、增强学生的文化认同，是高校思政课的基本任务。高校思政课培育学生的文化自信，可以凭借多种文化资源，“两个结合”是其重要方面。

The “Two Integrations” manifest confidence in Marxist theory and are the foundational driving force for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities to cultivate students’ cultural confidence. The theoretical character of Marxism—its scientificity, practicality, and developmental nature—endows it with theoretical confidence. Based on social practice, Marxism uses dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its scaffolding, overcomes the limitations of idealism and utopian socialism, avoids subjective factors, and establishes its doctrine on an objective foundation. Since its birth, Marxism has guided many workers’ movements and national liberation struggles to victory, matured and perfected itself in practice, and developed into a scientific theory. At the same time, Marxism is not dogma. As Comrade Mao Zedong emphasized, regarding Marxism, “We need ‘books,’ but we must certainly correct the book worship that is divorced from actual circumstances.” [7]7 Quotation from the “Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools in the New Era” (2019). Therefore, the Communist Party of China continuously integrates Marxism with China’s reality, making it localized and nationalized, guiding the practice of China’s revolution, construction, and reform, and creating the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. The distinct theoretical character of Marxism gives people the theoretical confidence to choose and believe in Marxism, and also provides the foundation for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities excavate components related to confidence in Marxist theory from the “Two Integrations” and transform them into educational resources for enhancing students’ cultural confidence, thereby cultivating students’ cultural confidence.

“两个结合”彰显了马克思主义理论自信，是高校思政课培养学生文化自信的基础动力。马克思主义的科学性、实践性与发展性的理论品格赋予马克思主义理论自信。马克思主义立足社会实践，以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为脚手架，克服唯心主义和空想社会主义的局限性，规避主观因素，把学说建立在客观基础之上。马克思主义自诞生以来，指导诸多工人运动和民族解放取得胜利，在实践中完善和成熟，发展为科学的理论。同时，马克思主义不是教条，正如毛泽东同志强调的，对待马克思主义，“我们需要‘本本’，但是一定要纠正脱离实际情况的本本主义”。因此，中国共产党不断将马克思主义与中国实际相结合，使其本土化、民族化，指导中国革命、建设和改革的实践，并创造了马克思主义中国化的理论成果。马克思主义鲜明的理论品格给予人们选择和信仰马克思主义的理论自信，也给予高校思政课底气。高校思政课从“两个结合”中挖掘有关马克思主义理论自信的成分，并将其转化为增强学生文化自信的教育资源，以此培育学生的文化自信。

The “Two Integrations” manifest confidence in fine traditional Chinese culture and are a rich source for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities to cultivate students’ cultural confidence. The “Two Integrations” also highlight the great significance of fine traditional Chinese culture as the “root” and “soul” of the Chinese nation and for the Party’s governance, embodying the cultural confidence of the Chinese nation. Fine traditional Chinese culture carries the value pursuits, moral customs, modes of thinking, and behavioral habits of the Chinese nation, and is the unique identifier that distinguishes the Chinese nation from other nations. The worldview, view of the state, view of the world, view of society, view of morality, and view of the rule of law nurtured by fine traditional Chinese culture are summaries of the practical experience of the Chinese nation and the wisdom of governing the country, endowing Chinese people with a confident cultural foundation. In the teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, it is necessary to “deeply excavate and elucidate the contemporary value of fine traditional Chinese culture, which advocates benevolence, values the people, upholds integrity, esteems justice, promotes harmony, and seeks common ground,” [8]8 Document issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in 2018. using this as a resource for confidence education. Fine traditional Chinese culture is not only the spiritual support of the Chinese nation but also an important component of world civilization. The Party, together with the people, “has created a new path of Chinese-path modernization and created a new form of human civilization.” [9]9 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture, a key theoretical formulation under Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, drawing confidence education materials from the “Two Integrations,” can, starting from the relationship between fine traditional Chinese culture and world civilization, especially the new form of human civilization, clearly and thoroughly explain the importance of fine traditional Chinese culture for Chinese civilization and human civilization.

“两个结合”彰显了中华优秀传统文化自信，是高校思政课培养学生文化自信的丰富源泉。“两个结合”也突出了中华优秀传统文化之于中华民族“根”与“魂”和党治国理政的重大意义，是中华民族文化自信的体现。中华优秀传统文化承载着中华民族的价值追求、道德风尚、思维方式和行为习惯，是中华民族区别于其他民族的独特标识。中华优秀传统文化孕育的宇宙观、国家观、天下观、社会观、道德观、法治观是中华民族实践经验的总结和治国理政的智慧，给予中国人自信的文化底蕴。在高校思政课教学中，要“深入挖掘和阐发中华优秀传统文化讲仁爱、重民本、守诚信、崇正义、尚和合、求大同的时代价值”，将其作为自信教育的资源。中华优秀传统文化不仅是中华民族的精神支撑，而且是世界文明的重要组成部分。党同人民共同“创造了中国式现代化新道路，创造了人类文明新形态”。高校思政课从“两个结合”中汲取自信教育素材，能够从中华优秀传统文化与世界文明特别是与人类文明新形态的关系出发，讲清讲透中华优秀传统文化之于中华文明和人类文明的重要性。

II. The Theoretical Basis for the “Two Integrations” Empowering Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities

二、“两个结合”赋能高校思政课的学理依据

The “Two Integrations” empowering ideological and political courses in colleges and universities has profound value implications, answering the question of the necessity of the “Two Integrations” for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Going further, it is necessary to explore the question of the possibility of the “Two Integrations” empowering ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, that is, to analyze the compatibility and interconnectedness between the “Two Integrations” and ideological and political courses in colleges and universities from a theoretical perspective. The compatibility and interconnectedness between the two are mainly manifested in three dimensions: theoretical foundation, directional guidance, and goal orientation.

“两个结合”赋能高校思政课，具有深刻的价值意蕴，解答了“两个结合”之于高校思政课的必然性问题。进一步看，需要探讨“两个结合”赋能高校思政课的可能性问题，即从学理层面剖析“两个结合”与高校思政课的契合性与相通性。两者的契合性与相通性主要体现在理论基础、方向引领和目标指向三重向度之中。

(I) Both take Marxist theory and

（一）都以马克思主义理论和

fine traditional Chinese culture as their theoretical foundation.

中华优秀传统文化为理论基础

The “Two Integrations” are the theoretical innovation and experience summary of the Communist Party of China. The historical evolution and rich connotations of the scientific judgment of the “Two Integrations” have always carried the civilizational genes of Marxist theory and fine traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of historical evolution, the “Two Integrations” developed from the “One Integration”; the “Two Integrations” are the process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, concretizing it, and nationalizing it. From Comrade Mao Zedong’s proposal “to learn to apply the theory of Marxism-Leninism to the specific environment of China,” to Deng Xiaoping’s statement “to integrate the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete reality of our country,” to Jiang Zemin’s emphasis “on always upholding the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete reality,” to Hu Jintao’s indication “to dare and be good at integrating the basic principles of Marxism with new realities and the conditions of the times,” and finally to General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal “to closely integrate the basic principles of scientific socialism with the country’s concrete reality, historical and cultural traditions, and the requirements of the times,” culminating in the formal emergence of the “Two Integrations,” all reflect the developmental course of the continuous integration and mutual promotion of Marxism with China’s reality and fine traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of rich connotations, on the one hand, the “Two Integrations” expand Marxist theory. The “Two Integrations” are the process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and localizing it. On the basis of the “Two Integrations,” the CPC has achieved theoretical innovation in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, endowed Marxism with Chinese characteristics, added new national and civilizational dimensions to Marxism, and enriched the connotations of Marxist theory. On the other hand, the “Two Integrations” represent a new development of fine traditional Chinese culture. To advance the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context, the primary task is to understand China’s reality and Chinese civilization, cultivating a cultural soil for this adaptation. This process prompts people to value and explore fine traditional Chinese culture. Furthermore, the integration of Marxist theory with China’s reality localizes and sinicizes its value pursuits, modes of thinking, and core concepts, thereby stimulating the vitality of fine traditional Chinese culture.

“两个结合”是中国共产党的理论创新和经验总结，“两个结合”科学判断的历史演进和丰富内涵始终具有马克思主义理论和中华优秀传统文化的文明基因。从历史演进看，“两个结合”由“一个结合”发展而来，“两个结合”是马克思主义中国化、具体化和民族化的过程。从毛泽东同志提出的“就是要学会把马克思列宁主义的理论应用于中国的具体的环境”，到邓小平指出“把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来”，到江泽民同志强调“必须始终坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合”，到胡锦涛同志指出的“要敢于和善于把马克思主义基本原理同新的实际和时代条件结合起来”，再到习近平总书记提出“把科学社会主义基本原则同本国具体实际、历史文化传统、时代要求紧密结合起来”，最终到“两个结合”的正式出场，都反映了马克思主义与中国实际、中华优秀传统文化不断融合、相互推动的发展历程。从丰富内涵看，一方面，“两个结合”拓展了马克思主义理论。“两个结合”是马克思主义中国化、本土化的过程，中国共产党在“两个结合”的基础上实现了马克思主义中国化的理论创新，赋予马克思主义中国特色，为马克思主义增添了新的民族性和文明性，丰富了马克思主义理论的内涵。另一方面，“两个结合”是中华优秀传统文化的新发展。为了推进马克思主义中国化，首要的就是了解中国实际和中华文明，为马克思主义中国化培植文化土壤，这一过程推动人们重视和探索中华优秀传统文化。此外，马克思主义理论与中国实际相结合，将其价值追求、思维方式、核心理念等本土化和中国化，激发中华优秀传统文化的活力。

University ideological and political courses are both interdisciplinary and comprehensive, grounded in theories of pedagogy, sociology, and political science. They are also courses that propagate the Party’s theories and policies and inherit and promote Chinese civilization—typical courses for political guidance and civilizational inheritance. Therefore, university ideological and political courses take Marxism as their theoretical foundation and fine traditional Chinese culture as an important content. Marxism is the guiding ideology and theoretical foundation of university ideological and political courses, determining that these courses take the development and innovation of Marxism as their task, the basic principles of Marxism as their content, and apply the basic viewpoints and thinking methods of Marxism for understanding and transforming the world to the teaching of university ideological and political courses. Additionally, the spiritual character, feelings of family and country, and value pursuits within fine traditional Chinese culture are all ideological resources for university ideological and political courses, enriching their teaching content. This also means that the conduct of teaching in university ideological and political courses is a process of exploring and inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture.

高校思政课既是交叉性和综合性课程，以教育学、社会学、政治学等为理论基础，也是宣传党的理论政策和传承弘扬中华文明的课程，是典型的政治引导和文明传承的课程，因此高校思政课以马克思主义为理论基础，以中华优秀传统文化为重要内容。马克思主义是高校思政课的指导思想和理论基础，决定了高校思政课把发展创新马克思主义作为任务、把马克思主义基本原理作为内容、把马克思主义认识世界和改造世界的基本观点与思维方法应用于高校思政课教学中。此外，中华优秀传统文化中的精神品格、家国情怀、价值追求等都是高校思政课的思想资源，丰富了高校思政课的教学内容，也意味着高校思政课教学的开展是探索和传承中华优秀传统文化的过程。

(2) Both take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as their directional guidance.

（二）都以习近平新时代

(2) Both take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as their directional guidance.

中国特色社会主义思想为方向引领

The “Two Integrations” are a major theoretical innovation of the Party in the New Era, and university ideological and political courses are an important vehicle for the connotative development of the Party’s educational cause in the New Era. Both the “Two Integrations” and university ideological and political courses are important topics of the New Era, and both are guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

“两个结合”是新时代党的重大理论创新，高校思政课是新时代党的教育事业内涵式发展的重要载体。“两个结合”和高校思政课都是新时代的重要课题，都以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导。

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the essence of the Chinese spirit and Chinese civilization, a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, and moreover, the theoretical achievement and ideological guidance of the “Two Integrations.” Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has achieved the upholding and innovation of Marxism. Its ideological guidance for the “Two Integrations” is to both adhere to the guiding position of Marxism and to explore the compatibility between Marxism and Chinese civilization in terms of value pursuits, ideals and beliefs, and practical guidance, promoting the transformation of Marxist discourse, endowing Marxism with Chinese characteristics and Chinese style, developing and innovating Marxism, and solving the problems of the Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is a model for inheriting and innovating fine traditional Chinese culture. Its ideological guidance for the “Two Integrations” is to focus on and explore the wisdom of governance within fine traditional Chinese culture, integrate it with China’s concrete realities such as democratic politics, Party building, and national defense and diplomacy, carry out a modern transformation of fine traditional Chinese culture, unleash the practical wisdom of Chinese civilization for governing the country and ensuring stability, and solve the major problems of development in the New Era.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是中国精神和中华文明的时代精华，是马克思主义中国化的新飞跃，更是“两个结合”的理论成果和思想指引。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想实现了对马克思主义的守正创新，其对“两个结合”的思想引领就是既要坚持马克思主义的指导地位，又要挖掘马克思主义与中华文明在价值追求、理想信念、实践指导等方面的契合性，推动马克思主义话语转化，赋予马克思主义中国特色和中国风格，发展和创新马克思主义，解决新时代党的理论创新问题。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是传承创新中华优秀传统文化的典范，其对“两个结合”的思想引领就是要关注和挖掘中华优秀传统文化中关于治国的智慧，与中国的民主政治、政党建设、国防外交等中国实际结合起来，对中华优秀传统文化进行现代性转化，发挥中华文明治国安邦的现世智慧，解决新时代发展的重大问题。

On the new journey of the New Era, in order to fully leverage the main channel role of university ideological and political courses in educating people and to enhance their quality and level, the Party and the state have made decisions, deployments, and specific guidance for these courses, particularly emphasizing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “Opinions on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Graduate Education in the New Era” clearly states that graduate education must be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully implement the Party’s educational policy. The development of university ideological and political courses must also follow this basic principle. The “Basic Requirements for the Teaching Work of University Ideological and Political Theory Courses in the New Era” further points out the need to comprehensively promote the integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into textbooks, classrooms, and students’ minds, setting basic requirements for university ideological and political courses in terms of guiding ideology and specific content. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, arrangements and deployments are made for university ideological and political courses in terms of curriculum design, credit regulations, stage arrangements, teaching methods, assessment methods, research support, and teacher training, comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of these courses. Furthermore, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the core content of university ideological and political courses, objectively requiring these courses to explain and thoroughly elucidate Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era from the perspectives of the era’s circumstances, value implications, spiritual essence, scientific system, and practical logic, thereby enhancing the targetedness and effectiveness of university ideological and political courses.

新时代新征程，为了充分发挥高校思政课主渠道育人作用和提升高校思政课的质量与水平，党和国家对高校思政课进行决策部署和具体指导，特别强调习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想对高校思政课的指导作用。《关于加快新时代研究生教育改革发展的意见》明确指出，研究生教育要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的教育方针。高校思政课的发展也要遵循这一基本原则。《新时代高校思想政治理论课教学工作基本要求》进一步指出，要全面推动习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进教材进课堂进学生头脑，从指导思想和具体内容方面对高校思政课提出基本要求。在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，从课程设置、学分规定、学段安排、教学方法、考核方式、科研支撑、教师培训等方面对高校思政课作出安排和部署，全面推动高校思政课高质量发展。此外，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是高校思政课的核心内容，客观上要求高校思政课从时代境遇、价值意蕴、精神实质、科学体系和实践理路等方面讲清讲透习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，增强高校思政课的针对性和实效性。

(3) Both take serving China’s modernization cause as their goal orientation.

（三）都以服务中国的

(3) Both take serving China’s modernization cause as their goal orientation.

现代化事业为目标指向

The proposal of the “Two Integrations” is related to the practical problems in the development of China’s modernization cause. At the same time, running university ideological and political courses well also concerns the development of China’s modernization cause. The goal orientation of both the “Two Integrations” and university ideological and political courses is to serve the construction of a modern socialist country.

“两个结合”的提出与中国现代化事业发展的现实问题相关联，同时，办好高校思政课也事关中国现代化事业的发展。“两个结合”与高校思政课的目标指向都是服务于建设社会主义现代化国家。

The proposal of “the Two Integrations” has specific historical circumstances, and solving the major problems of socialist modernization in the New Era calls for the emergence of “the Two Integrations.” On the new journey of the New Era, developing and innovating Marxism, strengthening the guiding role of Marxism, and stimulating the vitality of fine traditional Chinese culture require the Communist Party of China to carry out theoretical innovation. The proposal of “the Two Integrations” provides directional guidance for the Party’s theoretical innovation and for solving theoretical problems such as the development of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture in the socialist modernization of the New Era. At the same time, we must also see that the proposal of “the Two Integrations” does not stop at the Party’s theoretical innovation; its ultimate aim is to solve practical problems. “The Two Integrations” are grounded in China’s historical juncture and are linked to the principal contradiction and fundamental tasks of Chinese society. The historical evolution of “the Two Integrations” is an important practice in which they adapt to and promote China’s revolution, construction, and reform; paying attention to and solving problems in China’s development is the original driving force and goal orientation of “the Two Integrations.” “The Two Integrations” are based on the reality of contemporary China, engaging in theoretical reflection and profound analysis of practical problems, injecting new impetus into the development of the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and contributing wisdom to advancing and expanding Chinese-path modernization. “The Two Integrations” also, with their developmental and revolutionary theoretical character, constantly adapt to environmental changes, paying attention to and solving new contradictions and new problems in socialist modernization. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the laws of development of “the Two Integrations” means a profound grasp of the Party’s governance laws and the laws of socialist development, which is conducive to deepening the understanding and comprehension of the leading force, main driving force, and development laws of Chinese-path modernization, helping to foresee and solve many problems in the modernization process, and providing theoretical support for comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

“两个结合”的提出有特定的历史境遇，解决新时代社会主义现代化发展的重大问题呼唤“两个结合”出场。新时代新征程，发展创新马克思主义、强化马克思主义指导地位以及激发中华优秀传统文化的生机活力，要求中国共产党在理论上进行创新。“两个结合”的提出，为党的理论创新和解决新时代社会主义现代化建设中马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化发展等理论问题提供了方向指引。同时我们也要看到，“两个结合”的提出不止步于党的理论创新，最终指向的是解决现实问题。“两个结合”立足中国的历史方位，与中国社会的主要矛盾和根本任务相联系。“两个结合”的历史演进是其适应和推动中国革命、建设和改革的重要实践，关注和解决中国发展中的问题是“两个结合”的原始动力和目标指向。“两个结合”立足当代中国实际，对现实问题进行理论思考和深刻剖析，为中国特色社会主义的道路、理论、制度和文化的发展注入新动力，为推进和拓展中国式现代化贡献智慧。“两个结合”也以发展性和革命性的理论品格，不断适应环境变化，关注和解决社会主义现代化建设的新矛盾、新问题。因此，对“两个结合”发展规律的深入认识，意味着对党的执政规律和社会主义发展规律的深刻把握，有利于深化对中国式现代化的领导力量、主体动力和发展规律的认识与理解，有助于预见和解决现代化进程中的诸多问题，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供理论支撑。

Ideological and political courses in higher education are an important component of the Party’s educational cause and serve China’s socialist modernization. The fundamental task and main functions of ideological and political courses in higher education are closely related to the requirements of the socialist modernization cause for talent cultivation. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized “comprehensively implementing the Party’s educational policy, fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [立德树人], and cultivating socialist builders and successors who are well-developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise.” [5]5 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. The phrase “fostering virtue through education” (立德树人) is a core principle of Chinese education policy, emphasizing moral character as the foundation of talent cultivation. Ideological and political courses in higher education are the key courses for fostering virtue through education; “fostering virtue” is the task of ideological and political courses in higher education. Ideological and political courses in higher education cultivate people in accordance with the core socialist values and the requirements of the Party and the state, shaping people who possess socialist morality, conform to Chinese civic moral norms, and have the spiritual character of the Chinese nation, meeting the moral requirements of socialist modernization. Ideological and political courses in higher education “cultivate people” [树人]; they must not only cultivate students’ personal abilities, laying the foundation for students’ personal growth and development, but also focus on cultivating students’ professional abilities and business qualities, enabling students to be competent in their work positions, thereby becoming a driving force for the development of the socialist modernization cause. Therefore, from the perspective of the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education in ideological and political courses in higher education, shaping people’s moral character and cultivating people’s practical skills both serve the socialist modernization cause.

高校思政课是党的教育事业的重要组成部分，并服务于中国的社会主义现代化建设。高校思政课的根本任务和主要功能都与社会主义现代化事业对人才培养的要求密切相关。党的二十大报告强调“全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”。高校思政课是立德树人的关键课程，“立德”是高校思政课的任务。高校思政课按照社会主义核心价值观与党和国家的要求培养人，塑造的是具备社会主义道德、符合中国公民道德规范和具有中华民族精神品格的人，符合社会主义现代化发展的道德要求。高校思政课“树人”，既要培养学生的个人能力，为学生个人成长发展奠定基础，又要注重培养学生的专业能力和业务素质，使学生能够胜任所从事的工作岗位，进而成为社会主义现代化事业发展的推动力量。因此，从高校思政课立德树人的根本任务来看，高校思政课塑造人的道德品格和培养人的实干本领，都服务于社会主义现代化事业。

In addition, ideological and political courses in higher education have individual and social functions. The social functions are reflected in the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological functions of ideological and political courses in higher education, which also means that the social functions of ideological and political courses in higher education are directly linked to the development of China’s socialist modernization cause. For example, from the perspective of the political function of ideological and political courses in higher education, “political guidance is the basic function of ideological and political courses.” [6]6 This is a standard formulation in Chinese pedagogical discourse on ideological and political education, emphasizing that the primary function of these courses is to guide students’ political orientation. Ideological and political courses in higher education teach the Party’s theories and policies, shape students’ political beliefs and strengthen their correct political stance, and cultivate students’ political judgment; guide students to learn about the political system, cultivate students’ institutional confidence and political awareness, so that students support the Party’s leadership and the socialist system; encourage students to express political demands and offer suggestions for the construction of the socialist modernization cause.

此外，高校思政课具有个体性和社会性功能，社会性功能体现在高校思政课的经济功能、政治功能、文化功能、社会功能和生态功能等，这也意味着高校思政课的社会性功能直接与中国的社会主义现代化事业发展相联系。例如，从高校思政课的政治功能来看，“政治引导是思政课的基本功能”。高校思政课讲授党的理论和政策，塑造学生的政治信仰和坚定学生正确的政治立场，培养学生的政治判断力；引导学生学习政治制度，培养学生的制度自信和政治意识，使学生拥护党的领导和社会主义制度；鼓励学生表达政治诉求，为社会主义现代化建设事业建言献策。

III. The Practical Logic of “the Two Integrations” Empowering Ideological and Political Courses in Higher Education

三、“两个结合”赋能高校思政课的实践理路

“The Two Integrations” empowering ideological and political courses in higher education has necessity and possibility, and even more so, reality. “The Two Integrations” empowering ideological and political courses in higher education requires exploring scientific practical paths. It must not only focus on the dual subjects of ideological and political courses in higher education, integrating “the Two Integrations” into students’ comprehensive quality and the core literacy of ideological and political course teachers, but also pay attention to the curriculum and teaching of ideological and political courses in higher education, integrating “the Two Integrations” into the teaching content and teaching evaluation of ideological and political courses in higher education, thereby enhancing the targetedness and effectiveness of ideological and political courses in higher education.

“两个结合”赋能高校思政课具有必要性和可能性，更具有现实性。“两个结合”赋能高校思政课需要开拓科学的实践路径，既要聚焦高校思政课的双重主体，将“两个结合”融入学生的综合素质和思政课教师的核心素养中，又要关注高校思政课的课程与教学，将“两个结合”融入高校思政课的教学内容和教学评价中，增强高校思政课的针对性与实效性。

(I) Integrating “the Two Integrations” into Students’

（一）“两个结合”融入学生的

Comprehensive Quality

综合素质

Integrating “the Two Integrations” into ideological and political courses in higher education primarily requires focusing on the subject of students, emphasizing the cultivation of students’ scientific and cultural quality and ideological and moral cultivation, and enhancing students’ comprehensive quality. “The Two Integrations” contain rich educational resources and cultural elements, providing ideological sources and theoretical support for students’ comprehensive development. On the one hand, ideological and political courses in higher education are nourished by fine traditional Chinese culture to enhance students’ humanistic literacy. For example, the great national spirit is a source of strength for shaping students’ national confidence and cultural confidence; the moral system of “benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faithfulness” [仁义礼智信] of the Chinese nation is rich material for cultivating students’ moral norms and shaping their good image; the flourishing debates and rich thoughts of Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, etc., in Chinese history are strong support for cultivating students’ pursuit of independence and freedom of thought; the worldviews and cosmologies in fine traditional Chinese culture, such as “the world is for all” [天下为公], “Great Harmony” [天下大同], and “unity of heaven and humanity” [天人合一], are ideological resources for cultivating students’ scientific ways of thinking and value concepts. On the other hand, ideological and political courses in higher education take the basic principles of Marxism as the theoretical cornerstone to enhance students’ scientific quality. For example, the people’s stance of Marxism is an important basis for cultivating students’ sense of purpose and service consciousness; the dialectical materialism and historical materialism worldview and methodology of Marxism are the main content for cultivating students’ scientific ways of thinking; the basic method of Marxism based on practice and concrete analysis of concrete problems is a scientific path for cultivating students’ pursuit of truth and practical ability; the spirit of Marxism daring to criticize and brave to revolutionize is the spiritual driving force for cultivating students’ innovative spirit and innovative ability.

“两个结合”融入高校思政课首要的是关注学生这一主体，注重培养学生的科学文化素质和思想道德修养，提升学生的综合素质。“两个结合”蕴含丰富的育人资源和文化元素，为学生全面发展提供思想来源和理论支撑。一方面，高校思政课以中华优秀传统文化为涵养，提升学生的人文素养。例如，伟大的民族精神是塑造学生民族自信和文化自信的力量来源；中华民族“仁义礼智信”的道德体系是培育学生道德规范和形塑学生良好形象的丰富素材；中华民族历史上儒家、道家、法家等的争鸣盛况和丰富思想是培养学生追求独立和思想自由的有力支撑；中华优秀传统文化中“天下为公”“天下大同”“天人合一”等世界观和宇宙观是培养学生科学的思维方式和价值观念的思想资源。另一方面，高校思政课以马克思主义基本原理为理论基石，提升学生的科学素质。例如，马克思主义的人民立场是培养学生宗旨意识和服务意识的重要基点，马克思主义的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观与方法论是培养学生科学思维方式的主要内容，马克思主义立足实践和具体问题具体分析的基本方法是培养学生追求真理和实践能力的科学路径，马克思主义敢于批判和勇于革命的精神是培养学生创新精神和创新能力的精神动力。

At the same time, integrating “the Two Integrations” into students’ comprehensive quality requires not only excavating ideological resources from fine traditional Chinese culture and Marxism but also grasping the methods and approaches of integration. First, we must promote the Marxist style of study that combines theory with practice. Based on the actual needs of students’ growth and development, the main characteristics of students’ ideological changes, and the social issues that students generally pay attention to, we should select ideological resources from “the Two Integrations” to enhance the targetedness of using “the Two Integrations” to improve students’ comprehensive quality. Second, we must innovate the teaching methods of ideological and political courses in higher education. Change the one-sided theoretical indoctrination by ideological and political course teachers, use rich and diverse teaching methods to mobilize students’ enthusiasm for participating in the ideological and political classroom, and use methods such as online teaching, practical exercises, and the combination of culture and tourism to infiltrate “the Two Integrations” into the teaching of ideological and political courses in higher education and the improvement of students’ quality, enhancing the interest and effectiveness of ideological and political courses in higher education. Third, we must enhance the affinity and appeal of ideological and political courses in higher education. Ideological and political courses in higher education are an emotional exchange activity. Integrating “the Two Integrations” into ideological and political courses in higher education should focus on elevating students’ emotions and enhancing their spiritual realm. This means excavating vivid and touching materials and resources from “the Two Integrations,” concretizing and visualizing the abstract and profound principles and knowledge of ideological and political courses, and striving to create ideological and political courses with warmth and emotion, so that students can enrich their emotional world in the teaching of ideological and political courses.

同时，“两个结合”融入学生的综合素质不仅要从中华优秀传统文化和马克思主义中挖掘思想资源，还要把握融入的方式方法。一要弘扬理论与实际相结合的马克思主义学风。立足学生成长发展的实际需要、学生思想变化的主要特征、学生普遍关注的社会问题等实际情况，筛选“两个结合”中的思想资源，增强以“两个结合”提升学生综合素质的针对性。二要创新高校思政课的教学方式。改变思政课教师单方面的理论灌输，以丰富多元的教学方式调动学生参与思政课堂的积极性，以网络教学、实践锻炼、文旅结合等方式将“两个结合”渗透到高校思政课教学和学生素质提升中，增强高校思政课的趣味性和有效性。三要增强高校思政课的亲和力和感染力。高校思政课是一项情感交流活动，“两个结合”融入高校思政课要注重升华学生的情感与提升学生的精神境界。这就意味着要从“两个结合”中挖掘生动的、感人的素材与资源，将思政课抽象的、深奥的原理与知识具体化和形象化，致力于打造有温度、有情感的思政课程，使学生在思政课教学中丰富情感世界。

(II) Integrating “the Two Integrations” into the Core

（二）“两个结合”融入高校

Literacy of Teachers of Ideological and Political Courses in Higher Education

思政课教师核心素养

The dual nature of ideological and political courses—social-political and educational-teaching—determines that ideological and political courses both foster virtue through education and impart knowledge and educate people. This also means that teachers of ideological and political courses in higher education bear the dual tasks of “forging souls and educating people” [铸魂育人] and “explaining principles” [讲道理]. Correspondingly, teachers of ideological and political courses in higher education should possess political literacy and theoretical literacy. “The Two Integrations” can be integrated into the core literacy of teachers of ideological and political courses in higher education, helping to improve the quality of teachers of ideological and political courses in higher education.

思政课所具有的社会政治性和教育教学性的双重本质，决定了思政课既立德树人，又教书育人。这也意味着高校思政课教师承担着“铸魂育人”和“讲道理”的双重任务，相应地，高校思政课教师应具备政治素养和理论素养。“两个结合”可以融入高校思政课教师的核心素养，助力高校思政课教师素质的提升。

First, the Two Integrations are integrated into the political competence of university ideological and political course teachers. The proposal of the Two Integrations is a necessity for the theoretical and practical innovation of the Communist Party of China, and a necessity for advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times and for inheriting and promoting fine traditional Chinese culture. This requires university ideological and political course teachers to elevate their political stance; they must not simplistically understand the Two Integrations as ordinary theoretical innovation, but should approach the Two Integrations from the overall perspective of the Party’s theoretical innovation, the development of the Party and the state, and even national progress, and contemplate the Two Integrations from the strategic height of addressing epochal issues and practical challenges. For university ideological and political course teachers to enhance their political competence through the Two Integrations, on the one hand, they must firmly uphold the guiding role of Marxism, clearly recognize the important role of Marxism in the great practices of the Chinese revolution, construction, and reform, and adhere to the guiding position of Marxism. At the same time, “only when ideological and political course teachers themselves have firm beliefs and highly identify with the content they teach, and serve as models for studying and practicing Marxism, can they teach with confidence, explain deeply and thoroughly, and effectively guide students to truly learn, truly understand, truly believe, and truly apply it.” [7]7 Quotation from the “Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools in the New Era” (2019). Ideological and political course teachers should consciously become learners, practitioners, and educators of Marxist theory, becoming steadfast Marxists. On the other hand, they must affirm the core status of fine traditional Chinese culture, affirm its unique role in prospering and invigorating socialist culture, realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and governing the country, and become inheritors and promoters of fine traditional Chinese culture.

第一，“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师的政治素养。“两个结合”的提出是中国共产党理论创新和实践创新的需要，是推进马克思主义中国化时代化和传承弘扬中华优秀传统文化的需要。这就要求高校思政课教师提高政治站位，不能将“两个结合”简单理解为一般的理论创新，而应站在党的理论创新、党和国家发展乃至民族进步的全局来对待“两个结合”，从解答时代课题和实践难题的战略高度审思“两个结合”。高校思政课教师以“两个结合”提高政治素养，一方面要坚定维护马克思主义指导地位，明确马克思主义在中国革命、建设和改革伟大实践中的重要作用，坚持马克思主义的指导地位。同时，“思政课教师只有自己信仰坚定，对所讲内容高度认同，做学习和实践马克思主义的典范，才能讲得有底气，讲深讲透，才能有效引导学生真学、真懂、真信、真用”。思政课教师自觉做马克思主义理论学习者、践行者和教育者，成为坚定的马克思主义者。另一方面要肯定中华优秀传统文化的核心地位，肯定中华优秀传统文化在繁荣兴盛社会主义文化和实现中华民族伟大复兴以及治国理政中的独特作用，做中华优秀传统文化的继承者和弘扬者。

Second, the Two Integrations are integrated into the theoretical competence of university ideological and political course teachers. The theoretical foundation of university ideological and political course teachers is the basis for their competence in teaching tasks. Integrating the Two Integrations into the theoretical competence of university ideological and political course teachers involves, first, improving the teachers’ Marxist theoretical foundation. University ideological and political course teachers need to adhere to the combination of teaching and research, study classic Marxist works, grasp the development trajectory of Marxism, master the basic principles of Marxism, and keep abreast of frontier dynamics in Marxist disciplines, thereby enhancing the ideological and scholarly nature of university ideological and political courses. Second, it involves enhancing the teachers’ competence in fine traditional Chinese culture. The “Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of the Construction of the Teacher Workforce in the New Era” [8]8 Document issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in 2018. points out that education in fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture should be strengthened, the spirit of patriotism should be promoted, and teachers should be guided to love and dedicate themselves to the motherland. Enhancing competence in fine traditional Chinese culture is a basic requirement for integrating the Two Integrations into the theoretical competence of university ideological and political course teachers. University ideological and political course teachers must establish a historical outlook, a national outlook, and a cultural outlook, integrating fine traditional Chinese culture into their ideals and beliefs, educational sentiments, educational vision, self-cultivation, role modeling as teachers, and interactions with others.

第二，“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师的理论素养。高校思政课教师的理论功底是其胜任教学任务的基础。“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师的理论素养，一是要提高思政课教师的马克思主义理论功底。高校思政课教师需要坚持教学与科研相结合，研读马克思主义经典著作，把握马克思主义发展脉络、精通马克思主义基本原理和瞄准马克思主义学科前沿动态，增强高校思政课的思想性和学理性。二是要提升思政课教师的中华优秀传统文化素养。《关于全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的意见》指出，要加强中华优秀传统文化和革命文化、社会主义先进文化教育，弘扬爱国主义精神，引导广大教师热爱祖国、奉献祖国。提升中华优秀传统文化素养，是“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师理论素养的基本要求。高校思政课教师要树立历史观、民族观、文化观，将中华优秀传统文化融入高校思政课教师的理想信念、教育情怀、教育视野、自身修养、为人师表和待人接物之中。

(III) The Two Integrations Enrich

（三）“两个结合”丰富

the Teaching Content of University Ideological and Political Courses

高校思政课教学内容

Integrating the Two Integrations into university ideological and political courses requires highlighting key points and enhancing the targeted nature of the integration. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the main content of university ideological and political course teaching and flexibly integrate it in accordance with its characteristics.

“两个结合”融入高校思政课，需要突出重点、增强融入的针对性。因此要聚焦高校思政课教学的主要内容，并结合其特点灵活融入。

First, integrate the Two Integrations into the education of Marxist theory. On the basis of thoroughly explaining the basic principles of Marxism, such as its positions, viewpoints, and methods, university ideological and political courses should explain the correlation between Marxism and China’s reality from three major dimensions: Marxist philosophy and Chinese philosophical wisdom, Marxist political economy and the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, and scientific socialism and socialism with Chinese characteristics. They should explore the compatibility and points of integration between Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture in terms of ontology, praxis, epistemology, methodology, and axiology, powerfully elucidate the objective fact that Marxism guides Chinese practice and stimulates the vitality of fine traditional Chinese culture, and explain the truth that Marxism works.

第一，将“两个结合”融入马克思主义理论教育。高校思政课在讲透马克思主义立场、观点、方法等基本原理基础之上，从马克思主义哲学与中国哲学智慧、马克思主义政治经济学与中国特色社会主义市场经济、科学社会主义与中国特色社会主义三大维度讲好马克思主义与中国实际之间的关联性，探索马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化在本体论、实践论、认识论、方法论和价值论等方面的契合性与结合点，有力阐释以马克思主义指导中国实践、激发中华优秀传统文化活力的客观事实，讲好马克思主义行的道理。

Second, integrate the Two Integrations into the education of the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. University ideological and political courses should be grounded in China’s reality during the revolution, construction, reform, and the New Era, leading students to study the important explorations by Chinese Communists in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and inheriting fine traditional Chinese culture. In particular, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era should be taken as the core content of university ideological and political course teaching. Conducting university ideological and political course teaching from the theoretical height that Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is Marxism of the 21st century and contemporary Marxism, and that it promotes the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, requires not only accurately grasping the original contributions of Comrade Xi Jinping and other Chinese Communists to Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture, but also comprehending the significance of the Two Integrations for enhancing the vitality of Marxism, stimulating the vitality of fine traditional Chinese culture, and governing the country by the Communist Party of China in the New Era.

第二，将“两个结合”融入马克思主义中国化理论成果的教育。高校思政课要立足中国革命、建设和改革以及新时代的中国实际，带领学生学习中国共产党人对马克思主义中国化和传承中华优秀传统文化的重要探索。特别是要把习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想作为高校思政课教学的核心内容。站在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是二十一世纪马克思主义和当代马克思主义以及推动中华优秀传统文化“双创”的理论高度开展高校思政课教学，不仅要准确把握习近平同志等中国共产党人对马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化的原创性贡献，还要感悟“两个结合”之于增强马克思主义生命力、激发中华优秀传统文化活力和新时代中国共产党治国理政的重要意义。

Third, integrate the Two Integrations into the education of historical outlook and moral outlook. On the one hand, on the basis of leading students to clearly grasp the development process of modern Chinese history, university ideological and political courses should elucidate the inevitability of the Communist Party of China’s choice of Marxism, explain the significant role of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture in saving the nation from peril and promoting the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and further draw wisdom from the Two Integrations to carry out historical education on the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialist development, cultivate students’ historical thinking and historical perspective, and establish students’ grand historical outlook. On the other hand, it is necessary to conduct education on the basic positions, basic viewpoints, and basic methods of Marxism based on the Two Integrations, comprehensively explaining the theoretical qualities of Marxism such as its people-centered nature, scientific nature, and developmental nature, and also draw from the Two Integrations the ideological resources contained in fine traditional Chinese culture, such as worldviews, outlooks on life, values, views on the rule of law, moral views, views on self-cultivation, and views on etiquette, and combine this with education on core socialist values to cultivate students’ moral character and behavioral norms.

第三，将“两个结合”融入历史观教育和道德观教育。一方面，高校思政课在带领学生清晰把握中国近现代史发展历程基础之上，阐明中国共产党选择马克思主义的必然性，阐释马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化在拯救民族危亡和推动实现中华民族伟大复兴中的重大作用，更要从“两个结合”中汲取智慧，开展党史、新中国史、改革开放史和社会主义发展史的历史教育，培育学生的历史思维和历史视野，树立学生的大历史观。另一方面，既要立足“两个结合”开展马克思主义基本立场、基本观点和基本方法的教育，全面阐释马克思主义的人民性、科学性和发展性等理论品质，又要从“两个结合”中汲取中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的世界观、人生观、价值观、法治观、道德观、修养观、礼仪观等思想资源，并结合社会主义核心价值观教育，培养学生的道德品质和行为规范。

(IV) The Two Integrations Enrich

（四）“两个结合”丰富

the Teaching Evaluation of University Ideological and Political Courses

高校思政课教学评价

Teaching evaluation is an important link in university ideological and political courses and has a feedback function for their teaching. Integrating the Two Integrations into university ideological and political courses requires not only integration into students’ comprehensive quality, the core competence of university ideological and political course teachers, and the teaching content of university ideological and political courses, but also integration into the teaching evaluation of university ideological and political courses. Integrating the Two Integrations into the teaching evaluation of university ideological and political courses should focus on the following two points.

教学评价是高校思政课的重要环节，对高校思政课教学具有反馈作用。“两个结合”融入高校思政课，不仅要融入学生的综合素质、高校思政课教师的核心素养和高校思政课的教学内容，还要融入高校思政课的教学评价中。“两个结合”融入高校思政课教学评价要抓住以下两点。

First, enrich the evaluation of university ideological and political course teachers through the Two Integrations. The integration of the Two Integrations into the evaluation of university ideological and political course teachers is mainly reflected in two aspects. One is the integration of the Two Integrations into the evaluation of the teaching ability of university ideological and political course teachers. This involves examining the extent to which university ideological and political course teachers integrate the Two Integrations into courses such as “Basic Principles of Marxism” and the degree of completion, assessing the teachers’ ability to use the Two Integrations to enrich the content of university ideological and political courses and enhance teaching effectiveness; simultaneously, investigating students’ recognition and satisfaction with the teachers’ instruction on the Two Integrations, and scientifically evaluating the teachers’ ability to use the Two Integrations to serve university ideological and political course teaching. The other is the integration of the Two Integrations into the evaluation of the research ability of university ideological and political course teachers. This mainly examines the situation of teachers applying for, establishing, and concluding projects related to the Two Integrations concerning Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture, assessing the teachers’ ability to focus on and research major theoretical issues; at the same time, it is necessary to examine the teachers’ research ability regarding the integration of the Two Integrations into university ideological and political courses, conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the teachers’ research ability based on their research on the significance, content, methods, and effects of integrating the Two Integrations into university ideological and political courses.

第一，以“两个结合”丰富对高校思政课教师的评价。“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师评价主要体现在两方面。一是“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师教学能力评价。对高校思政课教师融“两个结合”于“马克思主义基本原理”等课程及其完成程度进行考察，评估高校思政课教师运用“两个结合”丰富高校思政课内容和提升教学效果的能力；同时调查学生对高校思政课教师“两个结合”讲授的认可度与满意度，科学评价高校思政课教师运用“两个结合”服务高校思政课教学的能力。二是“两个结合”融入高校思政课教师科研能力评价。主要考察高校思政课教师对马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化等有关“两个结合”课题的申报、立项和结项情况，考核高校思政课教师关注和研究重大理论问题的能力；同时又要考察思政课教师关于“两个结合”融入高校思政课的研究能力，从高校思政课教师关于“两个结合”融入高校思政课的融入意义、融入内容、融入方法、融入效果等方面的研究对高校思政课教师的研究能力进行综合评价。

Second, enrich the evaluation of students’ comprehensive qualities and abilities with the “Two Integrations.” The evaluation of students’ qualities in ideological and political courses in higher education must change the one-dimensional evaluation model of “only scores” and “only grade points,” integrate the “Two Integrations” into the student evaluation system, and evaluate students’ comprehensive qualities by combining dimensions such as “knowledge,” “emotion,” “will,” and “action.” From the dimension of “knowledge,” examine the extent to which students grasp the great significance and specific content of the “Two Integrations,” and examine the degree of students’ cognition and mastery of the basic content of Marxist theory and fine traditional Chinese culture. From the dimension of “emotion,” examine students’ recognition of and emphasis on the “Two Integrations,” and examine students’ fondness for and enthusiasm for learning Marxist theory and fine traditional Chinese culture. From the dimension of “will,” examine students’ will and quality in overcoming difficulties and studying assiduously when learning Marxist theory and fine traditional Chinese culture, examine the degree of students’ faith in Marxism and confidence in fine traditional Chinese culture, and evaluate the extent to which students adhere to the “Two Integrations.” From the dimension of “action,” examine students’ concrete practice of using the Marxist worldview and methodology to understand things and guide their study and life, examine students’ ability to struggle against erroneous ideas and uphold the guiding position of Marxism; examine students’ important practices in using fine traditional Chinese culture to handle interpersonal relationships, enhance personal cultivation, and enrich their knowledge reserves, and scientifically evaluate students’ ability to integrate the “Two Integrations” into their personal study and life.

第二，以“两个结合”丰富对学生综合素质能力的评价。高校思政课对学生素质的评价要改变“唯分数”“唯绩点”的单向度评价模式，将“两个结合”融入学生评价体系，结合“知”“情”“意”“行”等维度对学生综合素质进行评价。从“知”的角度考察学生对“两个结合”的重大意义和具体内容的把握程度，考察学生对马克思主义理论和中华优秀传统文化基本内容的认知程度和掌握情况。从“情”的角度考察学生对“两个结合”的认可度和重视度，考察学生对马克思主义理论和中华优秀传统文化的喜爱程度和学习热情。从“意”的角度考察学生在学习马克思主义理论和中华优秀传统文化时克服困难、刻苦钻研的意志品质，考察学生对马克思主义的信仰和对中华优秀传统文化的信心程度，对学生坚持“两个结合”的程度进行评价。从“行”的角度考察学生运用马克思主义世界观和方法论认识事物、指导学习生活的具体实践，考察学生与错误思想作斗争且维护马克思主义指导地位的斗争能力；考察学生运用中华优秀传统文化处理人际关系、提升个人修养、丰富知识储备等重要实践，科学评价学生将“两个结合”融入个人学习与生活的能力。

(Author bios: Zhang Rongjun, professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Marxism, Guizhou Normal University, research direction: Marxist theory and its contemporary value; Zhang Xi, graduate student at the School of Marxism, Guizhou Normal University, research direction: ideological and political education)

（作者简介：张荣军，贵州师范大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向为马克思主义理论及其当代价值；张溪，贵州师范大学马克思主义学院研究生，研究方向为思想政治教育）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心