The Original Contributions of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Ideological and Political Theory Courses

Originality is the fundamental characteristic of all great thought. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has placed ideological and political theory courses at a strategic height for the development of the Party and the nation’s cause, putting forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new judgments. From theoretical, practical, and strategic dimensions, he has systematically answered the overarching, long-term, and fundamental questions concerning the development of ideological and political theory courses, such as “what kind of course is an ideological and political theory course,” “why must we run ideological and political theory courses well,” and “how to run ideological and political theory courses well.” He has made pioneering contributions to the construction of these courses, forming a series of landmark theoretical achievements. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ideological and political theory courses are an organic unity of theory and practice. What they “discuss” is the ideological and political theory course; what they “plan for” is the great plan of the Party and the great plan of the nation. To better grasp their spiritual essence and innovative value, this article intends to conduct an analysis from both theoretical and practical levels.

原创性是一切伟大思想的根本特质。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记把思政课放到党和国家事业发展的战略高度看待，提出了一系列新理念新思想新论断，从理论、实践和战略方面系统回答了“思政课是什么课”“为什么要办好思政课”“怎样办好思政课”等关系思政课发展的全局性、长远性、根本性问题，为思政课建设做出了开拓性贡献，形成了一系列标志性理论成果。习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述是理论和实践的有机统一体，其“论”的是思政课，“谋”的是党之大计、国之大计。为更好学习把握其精神实质和创新价值，本文拟从理论和实践两个层面展开分析。

I. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Ideological and Political Theory Courses Have Formed a New Understanding of the Course Attributes of Ideological and Political Theory Courses

一、习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述形成了对思政课课程属性的新认识

The original theoretical contributions of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ideological and political theory courses are mainly manifested in his in-depth thinking and innovative expositions on theories concerning the status, essence, laws, and teacher quality of these courses. These have greatly deepened and expanded Marxist pedagogy and the theory of ideological and political theory course education and teaching, effectively resolving major theoretical and practical issues in the process of running these courses.

习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述的原创性理论贡献主要表现在对思政课地位、本质、规律和教师素质等理论的深入思考和创新论述，极大地深化和拓展了马克思主义教育学和思政课教育教学理论，有效解决了思政课办学过程中的重大理论和实践问题。

1. A New Thesis on the Status of Ideological and Political Theory Courses: “Ideological and Political Theory Courses Are the Key Courses for Carrying Out the Fundamental Task of Fostering Virtue and Nurturing People”

1.思政课地位新论：“思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程”

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Ideological and political theory courses are the key courses for carrying out the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people.” This is a new judgment on the status and role of ideological and political theory courses from an ontological perspective, endowing these courses in the New Era with new legitimacy, and representing an inheritance and development of our Party’s discourse on the “lifeline of ideological and political work.” “Fostering virtue and nurturing people” indicates the gravity of its responsibility; “key courses” indicates the special nature of its status. On March 18, 2019, the School Ideological and Political Theory Course Teacher Symposium was held in Beijing. General Secretary Xi Jinping personally presided over and delivered an important speech, and over one hundred frontline ideological and political theory course teachers from universities, middle schools, and primary schools were invited to attend. The Party Central Committee convening a meeting specifically for one course, and with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally presiding, was unprecedented in the hundred

习近平总书记指出，“思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程。”这是从本体论意义上对思政课课程地位和作用的新论断，赋予了新时代思政课新的正当性，是对我党“思想政治工作生命线”论述的继承与发展。“立德树人”表明其责任之重大，“关键课程”表明其地位之特殊。2019年3月18日，学校思政课教师座谈会在北京召开，习近平总书记亲自主持并发表重要讲话，百余名大中小学一线思政课教师被邀请参会。党中央专门为一门课程开一次会议，而且是习近平总书记亲自主持，这在中国共产党百年历史、新中国史、中国教育发展史、思想政治教育学科发展史上都是前所未有的。正如习近平总书记所言，“我对教育工作在这方面强调得最多，教育工作别的方面我也强调，但思政课建设我必须更多强调。”

Indeed this is so. Since the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made a series of major strategic deployments for educational work, taking solid steps toward running education that satisfies the people and building a strong educational country. The construction of ideological and political theory courses is part of educational work, and naturally falls within General Secretary Xi Jinping’s “emphasis,” but why must there

诚如是。新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央对教育工作作出了一系列重大战略部署，在办好人民满意的教育和建设教育强国方面迈出了坚实的步伐。思政课建设是教育工作的一部分，当然在习近平总书记的“强调”之列，但为何还要“更多强调”？为什么“更多强调”的是思政课而非其他课程？这是由思政课的课程属性和学科地位决定的。对此，习近平总书记指出，“思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程。”他还指出了看待思政课的“三个高度”，即“要从坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的高度来对待。”由此可以看出，思想政治理论课在整个课程体系中处于特殊位置，它不是一般的知识教育课，而是主流意识形态、价值观和道德教育课，负有为党育人、为国育才的重大责任。面对世界百年未有之大变局和全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程新任务，思政课必须担负起对青少年进行马克思主义信仰教育和思想品德教育的重任，必须用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人，引导青少年增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”，为实现中华民族伟大复兴战略目标贡献智慧和力量。因此，思政课是“灵魂大课”，办好思政课是“国之大者”。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ideological and political theory courses represent the Party Central Committee’s [1]1 Xi Jinping’s inspection at Renmin University of China took place on 25 April 2022. The “essence is to expound principles” formulation is a key statement from that visit. new positioning and innovative expression of these courses. They grasp the key to fostering virtue through education [2]2 This phrasing echoes a well-known formulation from the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC (October 2022): “Why the CPC can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good—the ultimate reason is that Marxism works, and that Marxism adapted to the Chinese context works.” and the essence of ideological and political theory courses, embodying General Secretary Xi Jinping’s foresight and philosophical wisdom. They lay the ideological foundation for running ideological and political theory courses well in the New Era [3]3 This is a direct quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses, held on 18 March 2019. and provide important curricular guarantees for cultivating qualified builders and successors of socialism, possessing great strategic value.

习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述是党中央对思政课的崭新定位和创新表达，抓住了立德树人的关键和思政课的本质，体现了习近平总书记的远见卓识和哲学智慧，为办好新时代思政课奠定了思想基础，也为培养合格的社会主义建设者和接班人提供了重要的课程保障，极具战略价值。

2. A New Thesis on the Essence of Ideological and Political Theory Courses: “The Essence of Ideological and Political Theory Courses Is to Explain Principles”

2.思政课本质新论：“思政课的本质是讲道理”

The essence of a course is the fundamental attribute inherent to the course itself that determines its nature, features, and development; it is one of the important contents of curriculum theory. The essence of ideological and political theory courses is precisely their particularity that distinguishes them from other courses. In terms of nature, ideological and political theory courses possess such distinctive features as political character, ideological character, theoretical character, and practical character. In terms of purpose, ideological and political theory courses are explicit courses primarily focused on “cultivating virtue.” [4]4 The “eight unities” were first systematically laid out in Xi Jinping’s speech at the 18 March 2019 symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses. The “six requirements” for teachers (political strength, deep feelings, broad vision, strict self-discipline, and upright character) were also articulated in the same speech. Ideological and political theory courses also disseminate Marxist theory and knowledge of ideological and moral character, but their main task is to forge souls and educate people, cultivating young people’s correct political outlook, outlook on life, values, moral outlook, and legal outlook. This is the essential difference between ideological and political theory courses and other courses primarily focused on knowledge transmission. Influenced by multiple factors such as the level of understanding and disciplinary development, the essential positioning of ideological and political theory courses remained unclear for a long time, with problems such as neglecting academic reasoning when emphasizing politics, or obscuring values when learning knowledge.

课程的本质是课程本身所固有的，决定其性质、面貌和发展的根本属性，是课程观的重要内容之一。思政课的本质就是思政课区别于其他课程的特殊性。从性质上说，思政课具有政治性、思想性、理论性和实践性等鲜明特征。从目的上说，思政课是一门以“育德”为主的显性课程。思政课也要传播马克思主义理论和思想品德知识，但其主要任务是铸魂育人，培养青少年正确的政治观、人生观、价值观、道德观和法治观，这就是思政课和其他以知识传授为主的课程的本质差别。受认识水平和学科发展等多重因素影响，思政课的本质定位在很长一段时间内模糊不清，存在讲政治就忽视了学理、学知识就遮蔽了价值等问题。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has focused on resolving in an overall manner the deep-seated theoretical and practical problems that arise in the process of running ideological and political theory courses; the question of understanding the essence of these courses is one such problem. At the symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in schools, Xi Jinping proposed that these courses must adhere to the unity of political and academic rationality, and the unity of knowledge and value. Although the word “essence” was not mentioned, this formulation contains a scientific grasp of the essence of ideological and political theory courses. During an inspection at Renmin University of China, Xi Jinping clearly stated, “The essence of ideological and political theory courses is to expound principles, and attention must be paid to methods and approaches, so that principles are explained deeply, thoroughly, and vividly.” [1]1 Xi Jinping’s inspection at Renmin University of China took place on 25 April 2022. The “essence is to expound principles” formulation is a key statement from that visit. This is a landmark viewpoint in the theory of the essence of ideological and political theory courses, deepening the understanding of their nature and function. Xi Jinping’s judgment on the essence of ideological and political theory courses uses “principles” as an intermediary to achieve the organic unity of political and academic rationality, and of knowledge and value, which carries important innovative significance. On the one hand, “the essence of ideological and political theory courses is to expound principles” includes an affirmation of the knowledge attribute and theoretical attribute of these courses. An ideological and political theory course is a “theory course”; it imparts the truth of Marxism, which possesses a logically rigorous theoretical system and knowledge structure, and is not merely political slogans and ideological propaganda. The primary “principles” that ideological and political theory courses expound are the “great principles” of Marxism—that is, to clearly explain why the CPC can succeed, why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, and that the ultimate reason is that Marxism works, and that Marxism adapted to the Chinese context works. [2]2 This phrasing echoes a well-known formulation from the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC (October 2022): “Why the CPC can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good—the ultimate reason is that Marxism works, and that Marxism adapted to the Chinese context works.” Therefore, teaching Marxist theoretical knowledge and scientific principles is an important function of ideological and political theory courses. However, “knowledge is the vehicle, value is the goal; value guidance must be embedded in knowledge transmission.” [3]3 This is a direct quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses, held on 18 March 2019. One-sided emphasis on the knowledge aspect of ideological and political theory courses would dilute their political and ideological character, violating their original intention and essence. On the other hand, “the essence of ideological and political theory courses is to expound principles” also includes an affirmation of their ideological and value attributes. An ideological and political theory course is a “moral education course,” with a strong political and value attribute. The principles and knowledge taught in these courses are not “taught for the sake of teaching”; these principles and knowledge contain Marxist faith and core socialist values, and have a clear political direction and value orientation. Therefore, by conveying the faith and values within knowledge, ideological and political theory courses can help young people clear ideological confusion, strengthen their ideals and convictions, and achieve the goals of educating, guiding, shaping, and inspiring people. However, if the political indoctrination function is one-sidedly emphasized, even simplistically turning the course into a political sermon or policy briefing, while neglecting its theoretical and scientific nature, the effect will only be counterproductive. Thus, by using “principles” as an intermediary link, ideological and political theory courses correct the previous problem in understanding and practice of either overemphasizing political nature or overemphasizing knowledge nature. Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the essence of ideological and political theory courses represents a further deepening of the understanding of their essential attributes, fundamental tasks, and internal mechanisms; it is a transcendence of traditional theories of the essence of ideological and political theory courses, and makes an original contribution to the theoretical development of these courses.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记注重从总体上解决思政课办学过程中存在的深层次理论和实践问题，对思政课本质的认识问题就是其中之一。在学校思政课教师座谈会上，习近平总书记提出思政课要坚持政治性和学理性相统一、知识性和价值性相统一。虽然没有提到“本质”二字，但其中却包含着对思政课本质的科学把握。在中国人民大学视察时，习近平总书记明确指出，“思政课的本质是讲道理，要注重方式方法，把道理讲深、讲透、讲活。”这是思政课本质理论的标志性观点，深化了对思政课性质和功能的认识。习近平总书记关于思政课本质的论断用“道理”作为中介实现了思政课政治性与学理性、知识性与价值性的有机统一，具有重要的创新意义。一方面，“思政课的本质是讲道理”包含着对思政课知识属性和理论属性的认定。思政课是一门“理论课”，传授的是马克思主义真理，其具有逻辑严密的理论体系和知识结构，并非只是政治口号和意识形态宣传。思政课讲道理首要讲的就是马克思主义的“大道理”，即讲清中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。因此，讲授马克思主义理论知识和科学道理是思政课的重要功能。但“知识是载体，价值是目的，要寓价值观引导于知识传授之中”，片面强调思政课的知识性，就会淡化了其政治性和思想性，违背了思政课的初衷和本质。另一方面，“思政课的本质是讲道理”也包含着对思政课思想性和价值性的认定。思政课是一门“育德课”，具有很强的政治属性和价值属性。思政课讲授道理和知识并非“为讲而讲”，这些道理和知识中蕴含着马克思主义信仰和社会主义核心价值观，具有明确的政治方向和价值指向。因此，通过讲述知识中的信仰和价值观，思政课可以帮助青少年澄清思想迷雾、坚定理想信念，达到教育人、引导人、塑造人和鼓舞人的目的。但如果片面强调其政治教化功能，甚至简单地把思政课上成政治说教课、政策宣讲课，而忽略其理论性和科学性，效果只能适得其反。因此，思政课用“道理”作为中介环节，纠正了以往认识上和实践中要么偏重政治性、要么偏重知识性的问题。习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课本质的重要论述是对思政课的本质属性、根本任务和内在机理认识的进一步深化，是对传统思政课本质理论的超越，为思政课课程理论发展做出了原创性贡献。

II. Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Ideological and Political Theory Courses Enrich and Develop the Teaching Theory of These Courses

二、习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述丰富和发展了思政课教学理论

Xi Jinping has systematically elaborated on how to teach ideological and political theory courses well, which contains rich innovative thinking. In particular, the methodological principle of the “eight unities” for ideological and political theory courses and the “six requirements” for the quality of teachers of these courses have extremely important guiding significance for teaching, and represent an enrichment and development of the teaching theory of ideological and political theory courses.

习近平总书记对如何上好思政课进行了系统阐述，蕴含着丰富的创新思维，尤其是思政课“八个相统一”的方法论原则、思政课教师的“六个要”素质要求对思政课教学具有极为重要的指导意义，是对思政课教学理论的丰富与发展。

1. New Theory on Methods for Ideological and Political Theory Courses: The “Eight Unities”

1.思政课方法新论：“八个相统一”

In teaching, ideological and political theory courses are applicable to general laws of education and teaching, yet they also differ from specialized courses and have their own specific laws. On the basis of a profound grasp of the essence of ideological and political theory courses, Xi Jinping scientifically summarized the experience of running these courses, carried out theoretical innovation, and proposed that the construction of ideological and political theory courses must follow the “eight unities”: adhere to the unity of political and academic rationality; adhere to the unity of value and knowledge; adhere to the unity of constructive and critical approaches; adhere to the unity of theory and practice; adhere to the unity of uniformity and diversity; adhere to the unity of teacher-led and student-centered roles; adhere to the unity of inculcation and inspiration; and adhere to the unity of explicit and implicit education. [4]4 The “eight unities” were first systematically laid out in Xi Jinping’s speech at the 18 March 2019 symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses. The “six requirements” for teachers (political strength, deep feelings, broad vision, strict self-discipline, and upright character) were also articulated in the same speech. These “eight unities” reveal from different angles the eight main contradictions existing in the teaching of ideological and political theory courses. They are not only a scientific summary of the experience of running these courses, but also a deepening of the understanding of the laws of teaching these courses, and constitute an original contribution to the teaching theory of ideological and political theory courses.

思政课在教学上既适用于一般的教育教学规律，同时又不同于专业课，有其自身的特殊规律。习近平总书记在深刻把握思政课本质的基础上，科学总结思政课办学经验，进行理论创新，提出了思政课建设必须遵循“八个相统一”，即坚持政治性和学理性相统一，坚持价值性和知识性相统一，坚持建设性和批判性相统一，坚持理论性和实践性相统一，坚持统一性和多样性相统一，坚持主导性和主体性相统一，坚持灌输性和启发性相统一，坚持显性教育和隐性教育相统一。这“八个相统一”从不同角度揭示了思政课教学存在的八对主要矛盾，既是对思政课办学经验的科学总结，也是对思政课教学规律性认识的深化，是对思政课教学理论的原创性贡献。

The “eight unities” are a new contribution to the theory of ideological and political education and the teaching of ideological and political theory courses. Our Party has always attached importance to ideological and political theory courses and has successful historical experience in their construction; at the same time, various problems have existed in the process of running these courses. The “eight unities” are a summary, generalization, and theoretical elevation of the development process, operational experience, and historical inspiration of ideological and political theory courses. The “eight unities” are rich in content, logically rigorous, and structurally complete; they encompass macro-level school-running concepts, meso-level guiding principles, and micro-level specific methods. At the same time, they have both a vivid practical foundation and scientific theoretical argumentation, and also contain profound Marxist theoretical implications. They are a concrete application of Marxist epistemology, the theory of practice, and dialectical materialism, shining with the light of Marxist theory. Although some content in the “eight unities” has been proposed before—such as the combination of theory and practice, and the combination of teacher-led and student-centered roles—combining the eight aspects as a whole and using them as the guiding ideology and methodological principle for the construction of ideological and political theory courses has extremely important innovative value for the theory of education and teaching in these courses.

“八个相统一”是对思想政治教育和思政课教学理论的新贡献。我们党历来重视思政课，有思政课建设的成功历史经验，同时，思政课办学过程中也曾存在这样或那样的问题。“八个相统一”就是对思政课发展历程、办学经验及历史启迪的概括总结及理论提升。“八个相统一”内涵丰富、逻辑严密、结构完整，既涵盖着宏观层面的办学理念，也囊括着中观层面的指导原则，更体现着微观层面的具体方法。同时，其既有鲜活的实践基础，又有科学的理论论证，还具有深刻的马克思主义理论意蕴，是马克思主义认识论、实践论和唯物辩证法的具体运用，闪耀着马克思主义理论光芒。虽然“八个相统一”中，有的内容不是第一次提出，如理论性与实践性相结合、主导性与主体性相结合等，但将八个方面结合起来，从整体上作为思政课建设的指导思想和方法遵循，对思政课教育教学理论具有极为重要的创新价值。

The “eight unities” reveal, as a whole, the intrinsic, essential, and necessary connections in the teaching of ideological and political theory courses; each individual “unity” also reveals the laws of teaching these courses from a certain aspect, such as attributes, concepts, connotations, principles, and methods. These include laws such as the combination of science and value, internalization and externalization, and the mutual combination of the educator’s leading role and the educatee’s subject role, clarifying a series of questions about what ideological and political theory courses are and how to teach them well. Within the “eight unities,” each pair of contradictions contains two aspects; the most important thing is to achieve “unity” between these two aspects, and finally to achieve “unity” across all eight aspects—this is the law of education and teaching that distinguishes ideological and political theory courses from other specialized courses. In summary, the “eight unities” contain the specific requirements, substantive connotations, and methodological pathways for the current construction of ideological and political theory courses in China, and possess powerful spiritual energy. They not only embody what ought to be done in the construction of ideological and political theory courses, but also resolve the practical difficulties in their construction, greatly enriching the theoretical system of teaching these courses, and representing a major innovative achievement in China’s theory of ideological and political education.

“八个相统一”既从整体上揭示了思政课教学内在的、本质的、必然的联系，每一个“相统一”又分别从属性、理念、内涵、原则和方法等某一方面揭示了思政课教学的规律，包括科学与价值、内化与外化、教育者主导与受教育者主体相互结合等规律，讲清了思政课是什么课、怎么上好思政课等一系列问题。在“八个相统一”中，每一对矛盾都包含两个方面，最重要的是将这两个方面达到“相统一”，最后八个方面都“相统一”起来，这就是思政课有别于其他专业课的教育教学规律。总之，“八个相统一”包含了当前我国思政课建设的具体要求、内涵实质及方法路径等内容，具有强大的精神能量，既体现了思政课建设的应然之义，又解决了思政课建设的实然之困，极大地丰富了思政课教学理论体系，是我国思想政治教育理论的重大创新成果。

2. New Theory on Teachers of Ideological and Political Theory Courses: The “Six Requirements” Standard

2.思政课教师新论：“六个要”标准

The issue of teacher quality is an important subject in pedagogical research and also a key perspective from which Xi Jinping concerns himself with

教师素质问题是教育学研究的重要内容，也是习近平总书记关心教育的一个重要视角。习近平总书记多次谈到教师素质问题，并有许多创新论述，如“三个牢固树立”，即牢固树立中国特色社会主义理想信念，牢固树立终身学习理念，牢固树立改革创新意识；“四有好老师”，即要有理想信念，要有道德情操，要有扎实学识，要有仁爱之心；“四个引路人”，即广大教师要做学生锤炼品格的引路人，做学生学习知识的引路人，做学生创新思维的引路人，做学生奉献祖国的引路人；“四个相统一”，即坚持教书和育人相统一，坚持言传和身教相统一，坚持潜心问道和关注社会相统一，坚持学术自由和学术规范相统一。由此可见，习近平总书记对教师素质结构进行了创新论述，这些素质包括思想道德素质、专业素质、能力素质和创新素质等方面，其中最重要的是师德素质。除此之外，习近平总书记还对思政课教师素质进行了专门论述。在2019年学校思政课教师座谈会上，习近平总书记原创性地提出思政课教师要做到“政治要强、情怀要深、思维要新、视野要广、自律要严、人格要正”六个方面的要求。2024年5月，在新时代学校思政课建设推进会召开之际，习近平总书记对学校思政课建设作出重要指示，“要着力建设一支政治强、情怀深、思维新、视野广、自律严、人格正的思政课教师队伍。”思政课教师队伍“六个要”的标准要求是对教育学中教师素质理论的深化和细化，对提高思政课教师综合素质、促进思政课高质量发展具有划时代的意义。

The key to running ideological and political theory courses well lies in the teachers. From the perspective of the nature of the discipline, ideological and political theory courses are not ordinary knowledge-education courses but courses for shaping values; they are the “great courses for the soul” that cultivate new generations capable of shouldering the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Therefore, ideological and political theory courses have a greater impact on students, bear heavier responsibilities, and impose higher demands on teachers. First, there is the requirement of political conviction. “Those who preach the Way must first understand the Way and believe in the Way.” [5]5 A classical allusion from Han Yu’s (768–824) essay “On the Teacher” (《师说》): “Therefore, disciples do not have to be inferior to teachers, nor teachers necessarily more worthy than disciples. There is an order in the Way and a specialization in skills—that is all.” The phrase “those who preach the Way” refers to teachers who transmit the doctrines of sages. For teachers of ideological and political theory courses, being political is the foremost priority. Only by having those who have faith speak about faith can faith “ignite” faith and ideals “infect” ideals. Second, there is the requirement of professional sentiment. Teachers of ideological and political theory courses are engaged in a noble “cause of the soul,” facing young people who are in the “jointing and booting stage” [6]6 A metaphor drawn from agricultural growth stages of grain crops (jointing and booting), used in Chinese educational discourse to describe the critical period of adolescent moral and intellectual development. of growth; they need even more a profound love for the motherland, an unremitting pursuit of Marxist truth, boundless loyalty to the Party’s cause, and selfless love for students. Only ideological and political theory courses taught by such teachers can have both height and warmth. Third, there is the requirement of innovative thinking. Teachers of ideological and political theory courses must stand at the forefront of the times, grasp the general trend of history, adhere to “adapting to events as they occur, advancing with the times, and innovating in response to circumstances,” [7]7 A formulation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Universities (December 2016), emphasizing that ideological and political work must adapt to changing circumstances, advance with the times, and innovate in response to new situations. and use dialectical thinking and innovative thinking to innovate classroom teaching, helping students resolve doubts and confusions. Fourth, there is the requirement of knowledge breadth. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “It is not easy to teach ideological and political theory courses well, because the requirements for this course are high.” [8]8 From Xi Jinping’s speech at the Symposium for Teachers of Ideological and Political Theory Courses (March 18, 2019). As guides for students, teachers of ideological and political theory courses must have a broad knowledge horizon, a broad international perspective, and a deep historical perspective, only then can they explain principles deeply, thoroughly, and vividly. Fifth, there is the requirement of personality cultivation. The personality cultivation of teachers of ideological and political theory courses is particularly important. Teachers of ideological and political theory courses must pay special attention to self-cultivation, striving to form personality traits such as patriotism and dedication, uprightness, establishing oneself through virtue, leading by example, and being gentle and inclusive, only then can they attract students to “follow what is good as a flowing stream.” [9]9 A classical allusion from the Zuo Commentary (《左传》), describing how the virtue of a ruler attracts the people to follow goodness naturally, like water flowing downward. Sixth, there is the requirement of work responsibilities. Whether in class or outside class, online or offline, teachers of ideological and political theory courses must more strictly observe political discipline and political rules, always adhere to promoting the main theme and spreading positive energy.

办好思政课的关键是教师。从学科性质看，思政课不是一般的知识教育课，而是价值观塑造课程，是培养担当民族复兴大任时代新人的“灵魂大课”。因此，思政课对学生的影响更大，担负的责任更重，对教师的要求也更高。第一是政治信仰要求。“传道者自己首先要明道、信道。”思政课教师讲政治是第一位的。只有让有信仰的人讲信仰，才能以信仰“点燃”信仰，以理想“感染”理想。第二是职业情怀要求。思政课教师从事的是一项高尚的“灵魂事业”，面对的是处于“拔节孕穗”的青少年群体，更需要对祖国的深情热爱、对马克思主义真理的不懈追求、对党的事业的无限忠诚及对学生的无私大爱，这样的教师教出来的思政课才有高度和温度。第三是创新思维要求。思政课教师必须站在时代前沿，把握历史大势，坚持“因事而化、因时而进、因势而新”，运用辩证思维和创新思维，创新课堂教学，帮助学生解疑释惑。第四是知识视野要求。习近平总书记指出，“讲好思政课不容易，因为这个课要求高。”思政课教师作为学生的引路人，必须有宽广的知识视野、开阔的国际视野和深厚的历史视野，才能把道理讲深、讲透、讲活。第五是人格修养要求。思政课教师的人格修养尤其重要。思政课教师要特别注意修身养性，努力形成爱国奉献、一身正气、以德立身、率先垂范与平和包容等人格特质，才能引来学生的“从善如流”。第六是工作职责要求。无论在课上课下、网上网下，思政课教师都要更严格遵守政治纪律和政治规矩，始终坚持弘扬主旋律、传播正能量。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the quality of teachers of ideological and political theory courses reflect the new requirements for such teachers in the new journey of the New Era and new tasks. Their connotations are rich, their content is comprehensive, and they are full of ideological, theoretical, and forward-looking qualities. They represent a new contribution to the theory of teacher education and the theory of ideological and political theory course education and teaching.

习近平总书记关于思政课教师素质的重要论述体现了新时代新征程新任务对思政课教师的新要求，内涵丰富，内容全面，富有思想性、理论性和前瞻性，是对教师教育理论和思政课教育教学理论的新贡献。

III. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Ideological and Political Theory Courses Map Out the Overall Plan for the Construction of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in the New Era

三、习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述为新时代思政课建设谋篇布局

The theoretical innovation of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ideological and political theory courses will inevitably drive practical innovation. On the basis of profoundly expounding the essence and laws of ideological and political theory courses, General Secretary Xi Jinping has fundamentally pushed the integrated construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools to a new height, restructured the school-running pattern of ideological and political theory courses, and made original contributions to the development of ideological and political theory courses.

习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述的理论创新必然推动实践创新。在深刻阐述思政课本质和规律的基础上，习近平总书记从根本上推动课程思政和大中小学思政课一体化建设达到新高度，重构了思政课办学格局，为思政课发展作出了原创性贡献。

1. Full-Course Coordination: Creating a New Situation of Collaborative Education between Ideological and Political Theory Courses and Curriculum-Based Ideological and Political Education

1.全课程协同：开创了思政课程与课程思政协同育人的新局面

Courses are the most important carriers of school education, and the curriculum system is a system of course elements that realizes curriculum objectives. Since the New Era, under the care and guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping, the curriculum system of ideological and political theory courses has been continuously enriched and improved, and the extension of the courses has been continuously expanded. It now includes not only the ideological and political theory courses in the training programs of universities, middle schools, and primary schools but also the content of curriculum-based ideological and political education in public basic courses, specialized courses, and practical courses. Clearly proposing to play the synergistic role of ideological and political theory courses and curriculum-based ideological and political education, and substantially advancing the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education, is General Secretary Xi Jinping’s practical innovation contribution to the development of ideological and political theory courses.

课程是学校教育最重要的载体，课程体系是实现课程目标的课程要素组合系统。新时代以来，在习近平总书记的关心指导下，思政课课程体系不断充实完善，课程外延不断扩展，它既包括大中小学培养方案中的思政课程，也包括公共基础课、专业课和实践类课程中的课程思政内容。明确提出发挥思政课程与课程思政的协同作用，并在实质上推进课程思政建设是习近平总书记对思政课发展作出的实践创新贡献。

In the innovative practice of carrying out ideological and political education across the entire curriculum, curriculum-based ideological and political education is the focus. Curriculum-based ideological and political education originally originated from the school moral education reform practice in Shanghai in 2005, which took “disciplinary moral education” as its core. The main approach was to integrate ideological and political education throughout the entire process of education and teaching to enhance the effectiveness of moral education work. In 2014, in order to better implement the requirements of the Party Central Committee in the New Era for the work of fostering virtue through education in schools, on the basis of the earlier moral education reform practice, Shanghai attempted to explore breaking down the disciplinary barriers between ideological and political theory courses, specialized courses, and general education courses, constructing a full-course system of collaborative education, achieving relatively significant educational results, and also forming some replicable construction experiences. However, overall, at that time, whether as theoretical research on the curriculum system or as a practical model, curriculum-based ideological and political education was still limited to a certain level and scope, and its impact on the overall reform of ideological and political theory courses was limited.

在开展全课程思想政治教育的创新实践中，课程思政是重点。课程思政最初源于上海市2005年开展的以“学科德育”为核心的学校德育改革实践，主要做法是把思想政治教育贯穿于教育教学全过程，以增强德育工作实效。2014年，为了更好贯彻新时代党中央对学校立德树人工作的意见要求，在前期德育改革实践的基础上，上海市尝试探索打通思政课、专业课和通识课的学科壁垒，构建协同育人的全课程体系，取得了较为显著的教育成效，也形成了一些可复制的建设经验。但总体看，这时的课程思政无论作为课程体系的理论研究，还是作为实践模式，还都局限在一定层次和一定范围，对整体思政课改革影响有限。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping, centering on the fundamental question of education—“what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them”—has proposed that ideological and political work in universities should achieve “three-aspect whole-person education,” [10]10 “Three-aspect whole-person education” (三全育人) refers to educating people through all staff, throughout the entire process, and across all aspects of education. and has simultaneously made a series of major strategic deployments for the construction of ideological and political theory courses, providing an important basis for the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education. At the end of 2016, at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Universities, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must make good use of the main channel of classroom teaching… all other courses must guard their own section of the canal and cultivate their own responsibility field, so that all types of courses move in the same direction as ideological and political theory courses, forming a synergistic effect.” [11]11 From Xi Jinping’s speech at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Universities (December 7–8, 2016). This was the first time General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the concept of curriculum-based ideological and political education, reflecting his profound grasp of the laws of ideological and political education and the laws of running ideological and political theory courses. It has had a profound impact on reforming the teaching concepts, systems, and models of ideological and political theory courses, and even the reform of the entire curriculum system. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on “curriculum-based ideological and political education” have attracted great attention from the education sector. From theoretical research to curriculum reform practice, the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education has rapidly unfolded.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕“培养什么人，怎样培养人，为谁培养人”这一教育的根本问题，提出高校思想政治工作要做到“三全育人”，同时对思政课建设作出了一系列重大战略部署，为课程思政建设提供了重要依据。2016年底，习近平总书记在全国高校思想政治工作会议上强调：“要用好课堂教学这个主渠道，……其他各门课都要守好一段渠、种好责任田，使各类课程与思想政治理论课同向同行，形成协同效应。”这是习近平总书记首次提出课程思政的理念，体现了他对思想政治教育规律和思政课办学规律的深刻把握，对改革思政课教学理念、体系和模式，乃至整个课程体系改革都产生了深远的影响。习近平总书记关于“课程思政”的重要指示引起了教育界的极大重视，从理论研究到课改实践，课程思政建设迅速展开。

In March 2019, at the symposium for teachers of ideological and political theory courses, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized “curriculum-based ideological and political education.” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Adhere to the unity of explicit education and implicit education. … We must tap into the ideological and political education resources contained in other courses and teaching methods, so as to achieve all-staff, whole-process, and all-round education.” This further elaborated, from the perspective of teaching methods, on the necessity of collaborative education between curriculum-based ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses, representing a further deepening of the understanding of curriculum-based ideological and political education. To thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech, relevant state departments have made specific arrangements for the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education, starting from aspects such as top-level design, selecting and establishing models, building strong teams, and constructing mechanisms. Starting from the end of 2017, relevant departments successively issued policy documents such as the “Implementation Outline for the Quality Improvement Project of Ideological and Political Work in Higher Education Institutions,” the “Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of School Ideological and Political Theory Courses in the New Era,” and the “Guiding Outline for the Construction of Curriculum-Based Ideological and Political Education in Higher Education Institutions,” deploying and implementing the construction work of curriculum-based ideological and political education in higher education institutions. In concrete practice, measures such as establishing a coordination group for the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education under the Ministry of Education, launching demonstration courses and master teacher teams for curriculum-based ideological and political education, setting up teaching research demonstration centers, strengthening training in curriculum-based ideological and political teaching capabilities across different disciplines, and constructing a multi-dimensional evaluation system for curriculum-based ideological and political education have been adopted to improve the level of curriculum-based ideological and political education construction.

2019年3月，习近平总书记在思政课教师座谈会上进一步强调了“课程思政”。习近平总书记指出，“坚持显性教育和隐性教育相统一。……要挖掘其他课程和教学方式中蕴含的思想政治教育资源，实现全员全程全方位育人。”这是从教学方法角度进一步论述了课程思政与思政课程协同育人的必要性，是对课程思政认识的进一步深化。为深入贯彻习近平总书记的重要讲话精神，国家有关部门从顶层设计、选树示范、建强队伍、构建机制等方面入手，对课程思政建设作出了具体部署。从2017年底开始，有关部门先后出台《高校思想政治工作质量提升工程实施纲要》《关于深化新时代学校思想政治理论课改革创新的若干意见》《高等学校课程思政建设指导纲要》等政策文件，部署落实高校课程思政建设工作。在具体实践中，还采取组建教育部课程思政建设工作协调小组、推出课程思政示范课程及名师团队、教学研究示范中心、加强不同学科课程思政教学能力培训、构建多维的课程思政评价体系等方式提高课程思政建设水平。

Ideological and political theory courses and curriculum-based ideological and political education complement each other. In May 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping issued important instructions on the construction of ideological and political theory courses, emphasizing “building a curriculum and textbook system with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the core content.” Currently, a course cluster with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the core content is gradually taking shape. Courses such as guided study and guided reading of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are offered for primary and secondary school students; the course “Introduction to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” is offered for undergraduate and junior college students; and thematic courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are offered for graduate students.

思政课程与课程思政相辅相成。2024年5月，习近平总书记对思政课建设作出重要指示，强调“构建以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的课程教材体系”。当前，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的课程群正在逐步形成。针对中小学生开设习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想导学、导读等课程，针对本专科生开设“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想概论”课，针对研究生则开设习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想专题课程。

In summary, curriculum-based ideological and political education has gone through a process from local partial practice to being an educational concept, then to being a top-level design of educational policy, and finally returning to the practice of ideological and political theory courses and even the entire curriculum construction. General Secretary Xi Jinping, adhering to a problem-oriented approach, has issued important instructions on the reform and innovation of the curriculum system, promoting breakthrough progress in the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education. Currently, collaborative education between various courses and ideological and political theory courses presents a new atmosphere, effectively promoting the transformation of the entire educational concept and education model.

总之，课程思政经历了从地方的局部实践到作为一种教育理念，再到作为一种教育政策的顶层设计，最后又回到思政课乃至整个课程建设实践的过程。习近平总书记坚持问题导向，对课程体系改革创新作出重要指示，推动了课程思政建设取得突破性进展。当前，各门课程和思政课程协同育人呈现新气象，有力促进了整个教育理念与育人模式的变革。

2. Full Educational Stage Integration: Opening a New Realm for the Integrated Construction of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities, Middle Schools, and Primary Schools

2.全学段贯通：开辟了大中小学思政课一体化建设的新境界

The integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools is a major deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, standing at the political height of cultivating builders and successors for socialism. Since reform and opening up, as the offering of school ideological and political theory courses gradually got on the right track, the issue of integration of ideological and political theory courses across universities, middle schools, and primary schools has received increasing attention. Several major curriculum setting plans have all recognized the need to strengthen the connection between various courses in university ideological and political theory courses and between these and related courses in primary and secondary schools. After years of construction, some progress has been made in terms of curriculum setting and content linkage for the integration of ideological and political theory courses. However, due to deep-seated reasons such as ideological understanding and institutional mechanisms, the results achieved in the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses have only been preliminary. There are still certain systemic problems in the collaborative construction of curriculum objectives, curriculum settings, curriculum content, textbook systems, and teacher teams across different educational stages. For ideological and political theory courses, this has always been a major problem “that needed to be solved but remained unsolved,” affecting the overall educational and teaching effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses.

大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设是以习近平同志为核心的党中央站在培养社会主义建设者和接班人的政治高度作出的重大部署。改革开放以来，随着学校思政课开设逐步走上正轨，大中小学思政课一体化问题日益受到关注，几次大的课程设置方案均意识到要加强高校思政课各门课程之间以及与中小学相关课程之间的衔接。经过多年建设，思政课一体化在课程设置和内容联通等方面取得了一定进展。但由于思想认识、体制机制等深层次原因，思政课一体化建设取得的效果只是初步的，各学段在课程目标、课程设置、课程内容、教材体系、师资队伍的协同建设方面仍存在一定的系统性问题，对思政课来说也一直是“想解决而未能解决”的大问题，影响了思政课的总体教育教学效果。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping, adhering to dialectical thinking and systematic thinking, has, on the basis of extensive investigation and research, issued important instructions and directives on the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools on multiple occasions. He has explicitly proposed promoting the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and has deeply elaborated on the necessity and feasible paths for the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools in the New Era. At the school ideological and political theory course teachers’ symposium, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the educational requirement that “specific teaching objectives should be scientifically set for different educational stages according to the laws of ideological and political theory education and the laws of student growth, … the curriculum setting should be relatively stable, adhering to the vertical main line running through universities, middle schools, and primary schools, progressing step by step.” During his inspection at Renmin University of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Youth ideological and political education is a continuous process; targeted ideological and political education should be carried out according to the different stages of youth growth.” The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC also explicitly stated the need to “improve the ideological and political work system and promote the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools.”

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记坚持辩证思维和系统思维，在广泛调查研究的基础上，多次对大中小学思政课一体化建设作出重要指示批示，明确提出要推动大中小学思政课一体化建设，并深入阐述了新时代大中小学思政课一体化建设的必要性和可行路径。在学校思政课教师座谈会上，习近平总书记提出，“要针对不同学段，根据思想政治理论教育规律和学生成长规律科学设置具体教学目标，……课程设置要相对稳定，坚持大中小学纵向主线贯穿、循序渐进”的办学要求。在中国人民大学考察时，习近平总书记指出，“青少年思想政治教育是一个接续的过程，要针对青少年成长的不同阶段，有针对性地开展思想政治教育。”党的二十大报告也明确提出要“完善思想政治工作体系，推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设”。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools have grasped the main problems existing in the current construction of ideological and political theory courses, provided a precise “prescription” for the construction of the ideological and political theory course system, drawn a blueprint for the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, promoted the holistic resolution of problems such as disconnection, overlap, and misalignment in the vertical curriculum system of ideological and political theory courses, and realized the integrated construction of teaching objectives, courses, content, models, teachers, and mechanisms for ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, ushering in a new stage for the integration of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools. To implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, the Ministry of Education has done a great deal of work in terms of work patterns, ecological environments, and innovative measures. For example, it organized the establishment of an expert advisory committee for the integrated construction of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and issued documents such as the “Notice on Carrying Out the Construction of a Community for the Integrated Construction of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities, Middle Schools, and Primary Schools.” Theoretical research and policy implementation have been continuously deepened and solidified. The intensity, speed, and effectiveness of promoting the integration of ideological and political theory courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools are unprecedented, and substantial progress has been made in the integrated construction of ideological and political education across all educational stages.

习近平总书记关于大中小学思政课一体化建设的重要论述抓住了当前思政课建设存在的主要问题，对思政课程体系建设开出了精准的“药方”，擘画了大中小学思政课一体化的建设蓝图，推动思政课纵向课程体系脱节、重合与错位等问题的整体性解决，实现了大中小学思政课教学目标、课程、内容、模式、师资、机制等方面的一体化建设，开启了大中小学思政课一体化的新阶段。为贯彻习近平总书记关于大中小学思政课一体化建设的重要指示，教育部在工作格局、生态环境、创新举措等方面做了大量工作，如组织成立了大中小学思政课一体化建设专家咨询委员会，出台《关于开展大中小学思政课一体化共同体建设的通知》等文件，理论研究和政策落实不断走深走实，大中小学思政课一体化推进的力度、速度和成效都是前所未有的，全学段思想政治教育一体化建设取得了实质性进展。

3. Full Element Expansion: Constructing a New Pattern for the Development of Ideological and Political Theory Courses with the “Grand Ideological and Political Theory Course” as the Grip

3.全要素拓展：构建了以“大思政课”为抓手的思政课发展新格局

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, especially since the 2019 school ideological and political theory course teachers’ symposium, the environment for running ideological and political theory courses has undergone a fundamental transformation, and the educational effectiveness has significantly improved. At the same time, there are still some problems in ideological and political theory courses regarding practical teaching, open-door schooling, second classroom construction, and the social schooling pattern. How to break through the “last mile”? General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the famous assertion that “we must make good use of the ‘grand ideological and political theory course’.” This contains the new thinking of the Party Central Committee to deepen the reform of ideological and political theory courses and strive to break new ground, reflects General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound grasp of the laws of youth growth, the laws of ideological and political education, and the laws of ideological and political theory course teaching, greatly expands the schooling pattern of ideological and political theory courses, and is a major practical innovation in ideological and political education and the construction of ideological and political theory courses.

党的十八大以来，特别是2019年学校思政课教师座谈会以来，思政课办学环境发生根本性转变，育人效果显著提高。与此同时，思政课在实践教学、开门办学、第二课堂建设、社会办学格局等方面还存在一些问题。如何打通“最后一公里”？习近平总书记提出了“‘大思政课’我们要善用之”的著名论断，其中蕴含着党中央深化思政课改革、力求破局的新思维，体现了习近平总书记对青少年成长规律、思想政治教育规律和思政课教学规律的深刻把握，极大地拓展了思政课的办学格局，是思想政治教育和思政课建设的重大实践创新。

The construction of “grand ideological and political courses” is a new task and new requirement put forward for the entire Party and the whole of society. “Grand ideological and political courses” are linked on one side to the small classroom of ideological and political courses and on the other side to the big classroom of society; they are vast in scope and boundless in vitality, embodying the broad vision and fresh thinking of running ideological and political courses in the New Era. [14]14 The term “grand ideological and political courses” (大思政课) refers to a holistic approach to ideological and political education that integrates classroom teaching with social practice, diverse teaching staff, and expanded curricula and materials. [15] The National Education Conference (全国教育大会) is a high-level meeting convened by the CPC Central Committee to set the direction for educational development in China. The first is the construction of “grand teaching staff.” The main body of ideological and political course teaching consists of ideological and political course teachers and teachers of other specialized courses; the Party committee, the Youth League committee, student affairs departments, and counselors of the school are important participants and organizers;校外 lecturers such as experts and scholars, model representatives, the most beautiful figures, entrepreneurs, and witnesses to major events are also important components of the “grand teaching staff.” The second is the construction of “grand curriculum.” “Grand ideological and political courses” transcend the narrow sense of ideological and political discipline courses, encompassing all courses and teaching resources that possess the function of ideological and political education. They are “a course cluster of ideological and political courses that possesses both internal synergy and external openness,” including both horizontal disciplinary courses, activity courses, management courses, and practical activities, and vertical integrated courses from primary and secondary schools to universities. The third is the construction of “grand classroom.” Ideological and political courses have already broken through the physical space of the traditional classroom and entered the “grand classroom” of society, carrying out teaching activities in fields and farmlands, factories and enterprises, residential communities, museums, memorial halls, old revolutionary base areas, places that intensively display the practical achievements of reform and opening up, places where major decisions are announced, and teaching practice bases and internship sites. At the same time, by leveraging high technology, cloud-based grand classrooms are established. Through modern technology, historically significant resources, vivid stories, and lively materials are digitized, creating immersive and experiential smart classrooms and constructing a “grand ecosystem” conducive to students’ ideological and political education. Finally, there is the construction of “grand teaching materials.” Ideological and political courses are no longer confined to textbook knowledge; the scope of material selection has expanded, and the integration of some flesh-and-blood materials makes textbook knowledge more concrete and three-dimensional. At the same time, by introducing the rich resources of Party history, the practical achievements of reform and opening up, and the great accomplishments created in the New Era into teaching, as well as bringing the fiery social life, topics of concern to students, and difficult questions into the classroom, students can be enabled to read more of the “wordless textbook” of society.

“大思政课”建设是面向全党全社会提出的一项新任务新要求。“大思政课”一头连着思政小课堂，一头连着社会大课堂，天地广阔、生机无限，体现了新时代思政课办学宽广的视野和崭新的思路。首先是“大师资”建设，思政课教学的主体是思政课教师和其他专业课教师，学校党委、团委、学工和辅导员等部门和人员是重要的参与者与组织者，专家学者、模范代表、最美人物、实业家、重大事件见证者等校外讲师也是“大师资”的重要组成部分。其次是“大课程”建设，“大思政课”超越了狭义的思政学科课程，涵盖所有具有思想政治教育功能的课程和教学资源，是“兼具内部协同性与外部开放性的思政课课程群”，既包括横向的学科课程、活动课程、管理课程和实践活动等，也包括纵向的大中小学一体化课程等。再次是“大课堂”建设，思政课已经突破传统教室的物理空间，走进社会“大课堂”，到田间地头、工厂企业、居民社区，到博物馆、纪念馆、革命老区，到改革开放实践成果集中展示地、重大决策发布地，到教学实践基地、实习场所开展教学活动。同时，借力高科技，开设云端大课堂，通过现代技术将具有教育意义的历史资源、鲜活故事、生动素材数字化，打造沉浸式、体验化智慧课堂，构建有利于学生思想政治教育的“大生态系统”。最后是“大教材”建设，思政课不再局限于课本知识，取材范围变大，一些有血有肉素材的融入使课本知识更加具体化、立体化。同时，通过将丰富的党史资源、改革开放的实践成果、新时代创造的伟大成就引入教学，以及把火热的社会生活、学生关注的话题及疑惑的难题引入课堂，能够让学生更多去阅读社会这本“无字教材”。

In summary, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposition of constructing “grand ideological and political courses” is not only an update of the concept of running ideological and political courses but also a “revolution” in the teaching model of ideological and political courses, and even more so a reconstruction of the pattern of ideological and political course construction. It realizes the combination of theoretical teaching, practical research, and open schooling, promotes the integration of theory and practice, history and reality, and in-class and out-of-class activities, and is of great significance for improving the quality of running ideological and political courses and better playing the role of ideological and political courses in enlightening wisdom and educating people.

概而言之，习近平总书记提出“大思政课”建设的主张既是思政课办学理念的更新，也是思政课教学模式的“革命”，更是思政课建设格局的重构，实现了理论教学、实践研学和开门办学的结合，促进了理论与实践、历史与现实、课内与课外的贯通，对提高思政课办学质量、更好发挥思政课启智育人作用具有重要意义。

In summary, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ideological and political theory courses are rigorous in system, grand in pattern, and profound in intention. Their innovative value for Marxist ideological and political education theory and practice far exceeds what has been described above, and we still need to focus on the high-quality development of ideological and political courses to further excavate and refine them. At the National Education Conference held in September 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “The education powerhouse we aim to build is a socialist education powerhouse with Chinese characteristics, which should possess strong ideological and political leading power, talent competitiveness, scientific and technological support, people’s livelihood guarantee, social synergy, and international influence.” [15] “Ideological and political leading power” is listed as the primary characteristic of an education powerhouse. He also emphasized, “We must unswervingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge souls and educate people, and implement the project of fostering virtue and nurturing people for the New Era.” Although “ideological and political courses” are not directly mentioned here, it fundamentally sets new tasks and new requirements for the development of ideological and political courses. In short, General Secretary Xi Jinping pays close attention to ideological and political courses, and his important discourses on ideological and political courses are still being enriched and developed. Our grasp of their original contributions must also keep pace with the times and be continuously deepened.

综上，习近平总书记关于思想政治理论课的重要论述体系严整、格局宏大、立意深远，其对于马克思主义思想政治教育理论和实践的创新价值远不止上文所述，还需要我们着眼思政课高质量发展，进一步挖掘和提炼。在2024年9月召开的全国教育大会上，习近平总书记强调，“我们要建成的教育强国，是中国特色社会主义教育强国，应当具有强大的思政引领力、人才竞争力、科技支撑力、民生保障力、社会协同力、国际影响力。”“思政引领力”被列为教育强国的首要特质。他同时强调，“要坚持不懈用新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人，实施新时代立德树人工程。”此处虽然没有直接提到“思政课”，但却从根本上为思政课发展提出了新任务和新要求。总之，习近平总书记高度关注思政课，其关于思政课的重要论述还在丰富和发展中，我们对其原创性贡献的把握也要与时俱进、不断深化。

(The authors are professors and doctoral supervisors at the School of Marxism, Nanjing Normal University; doctoral students at the School of Marxism, Nanjing Normal University)

（作者系南京师范大学马克思主义学院教授，博士生导师；南京师范大学马克思主义学院博士研究生）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁