A New Theory of the Ideological and Political Education Process Based on the Perspective of Social Operation

The process of ideological and political education is an important field in the study of ideological and political education, concerning its scientific nature and effectiveness. Ideological and political education is not an isolated educational activity but is deeply embedded in the social structure, closely connected with social change, cultural development, technological progress, and so on. From a micro-level perspective, the process of ideological and political education is rooted in educational practice, manifesting as a concrete process of educational activities; from a macro-level perspective, it is closely reliant on the process of human socialization and the benign and orderly operation of society, manifesting as the process of comprehensive human development and the overall elevation of society’s ideological and moral standards. Therefore, the process of ideological and political education has a distinct social character. Placing it under the broad horizon of social operation helps to grasp its basic connotations and operational logic as a whole. Examining the process of ideological and political education from the macro perspective of social operation is not only a profound reflection on traditional educational models but also an active exploration of ideological and political education models in the context of the New Era, holding far-reaching significance for promoting comprehensive human development and the overall progress of society.

思想政治教育过程是思想政治教育研究的重要领域，关乎思想政治教育的科学性与有效性。思想政治教育并非一项孤立的教育活动，而是深嵌于社会结构之中，与社会变迁、文化发展、技术进步等紧密相连。从微观层面看，思想政治教育过程植根于教育实践，表现为具体的教育活动过程；从宏观层面看，思想政治教育过程紧密依托于人的社会化过程和社会的良性有序运行，表现为人的全面发展过程与社会思想道德水平整体提升的过程。因此，思想政治教育过程具有鲜明的社会性，将其置于社会运行的广阔视域之下，有助于整体把握其基本内涵与运行逻辑。从社会运行的宏观视角审视思想政治教育过程，不仅是对传统教育模式的深刻反思，更是对新时代背景下思想政治教育模式的积极探索，对促进人的全面发展与社会的全面进步具有深远意义。

I. Social Operation: A New Perspective for Studying the Process of Ideological and Political Education

一、社会运行：思想政治教育过程研究的新视角

Social operation refers to the movement, change, and development of society as a living organic whole. Studying the process of ideological and political education from the perspective of social operation requires a dynamic analysis of the interactions within this system and between it and the larger social system as an organic whole. The process of ideological and political education is a process of forming and improving the ideological and political qualities of individuals or collectives through purposeful, planned, and organized guidance. It can be divided into three levels from the core to the periphery: the self-organizing operational process of ideological and political education, the interactive operational process between the ideological and political education system as a subsystem of society and other social subsystems, and the ubiquitous operational process in which ideological and political education is embedded in society and relies on the overall development of society.

社会运行指社会作为一个活的有机整体其自身的运动、变化与发展。基于社会运行视角研究思想政治教育过程，就要对这一系统内部以及与社会大系统这一有机整体之间的交互作用开展动态分析。思想政治教育过程是通过有目的、有计划、有组织的引导，形成和提高个体或集体思想政治素质的过程，从核心到外围可以划分为三个层面，分别是思想政治教育的自组织运行过程、作为社会子系统之一的思想政治教育系统与其他社会子系统之间的交互式运行过程，以及思想政治教育嵌入社会之中依托社会整体发展的泛在化运行过程。

Self-organizing operation refers to the movement process in which the internal elements of a system interact spontaneously to form an ordered structure and maintain its function through the supply of energy from the external environment. As a philosophical abstraction of process evolution, the concept of self-organization was first proposed by the German philosopher Kant. Kant believed that in a self-organizing thing, each part exists both through the action of other parts and for the sake of other parts and the whole; the parts interact, produce each other, and produce the whole through the causal connection between them. The ideological and political education system is a complete small system within the larger social system and is also in a certain evolutionary process of self-organization. Its spontaneous movement is the result of interactions within the system and between the system and its environment, based on the contradictions within the system and conditioned by the system’s environment.

自组织运行即系统内部各要素相互作用自发形成有序结构，并通过外界供给能量来维持其功能的运动过程。作为一种过程演化的哲学抽象，自组织概念最早由德国哲学家康德提出。康德认为，自组织的事物各部分既是由其他部分的作用而存在，又是为了其他部分、为了整体而存在的；各部分交互作用，彼此产生，并由于它们间的因果联结而产生整体。思想政治教育系统是社会大系统中的一个完整结构的小系统，同样处在一定自组织的演化过程中。其自发运动是以系统内部的矛盾为根据，以系统的环境为条件的系统内部以及系统与环境间交互作用的结果。

Interactive operation is a dynamic, two-way exchange of information and energy, a movement process of interaction and integration between systems. Ideological and political education has a socialized form, manifested as relying on more diverse social institutions and forces, even organizing practical activities of ideological and political education through these social institutions and forces, thereby integrating broadly and deeply into society. Whether it is the broad scope of work contained at the overall social level or the concrete practices permeating various tasks; whether it is ideological and political education activities existing as a relatively independent form or the systematic ideological and political education system, their actual unfolding is manifested as the process of ideological and political education.

交互式运行是一种动态、双向的信息与能量交换，是系统之间相互作用与融合的运动过程。思想政治教育具有一种社会化形态，表现为依托更加多元的社会机构与力量，甚至由这些社会机构与力量来组织思想政治教育实践活动，从而广泛、深度地融入社会。无论是社会整体层面所包含的广泛工作范畴，还是渗透于各项工作之中的具体实践；无论是作为相对独立形态存在的思想政治教育活动，还是系统的思想政治教育体系，它们的现实展开均表现为思想政治教育过程。

Ubiquitous operation is a comprehensive coverage operational state, a movement process that extensively permeates and persistently and profoundly exerts a radiating effect on social subsystems. The ideological and political education subsystem separates from the larger social system and becomes an independently operating system, but it remains a component of the social system. The deep synergy and integration of ideological and political education with society as a whole form a ubiquitous operational model that spans all time and space and all aspects.

泛在化运行是一种全面覆盖的运行态势，广泛渗透并持久深远地对社会子系统发挥辐射作用的运动过程。思想政治教育子系统从社会大系统中分离出来，成为独立运行的系统，但仍然是社会系统的组成部分。思想政治教育与社会整体的深度协同与融合，形成了一种全时空、全方位的泛在运行模式。

The three levels of self-organizing operation, interactive operation, and ubiquitous operation fully present the overall pattern of the ideological and political education process, constructing a more harmonious, efficient, and far-reaching system of the ideological and political education process, providing new ideas for a profound understanding of the ideological and political education process.

自组织运行、交互式运行及泛在化运行三个层面，完整呈现了思想政治教育过程的总体样态，构建起一个更为和谐、高效且具有深远影响力的思想政治教育过程体系，为深刻认识思想政治教育过程提供了新的思路。

II. The Self-Organizing Operational Process of Ideological and Political Education and Its Optimization

二、自组织运行的思想政治教育过程及其优化

(A) Elements of the Self-Organizing Operational Process of Ideological and Political Education

（一）自组织运行的思想政治教育过程要素

The self-organizing operation of ideological and political education manifests as explicit ideological and political education activities within a relatively closed spatiotemporal scope. The unfolding of this process relies on the configuration and organization of its elements in time and space. The elements of the ideological and political education process include educators, education objects, education content, education methods, and education situations. These basic elements all exist within the three operational processes of ideological and political education, but their connotative scope differs across different operational processes. In self-organizing operation, educators refer to the group of professional personnel specializing in theoretical propaganda and ideological and political work within Party and government institutions, enterprises and public institutions, social organizations, and schools. Education objects mainly focus on groups with a high degree of organization, such as Party members and cadres, military personnel, students, and members of social organizations. Education content closely adheres to the fundamental goals of ideological and political education, covering core areas such as worldview education and outlook on life education. Education methods are mainly manifested as explicit means that are specialized, direct, and standardized, such as the theory indoctrination method and the practical exercise method. Education situations are mostly reflected in highly organized and disciplined educational spaces such as campuses and classrooms. Most of these elements exhibit relatively obvious characteristics of ideological and political education. They follow certain internal laws and are interconnected, forming a contradictory and unified whole, jointly promoting the orderly development of ideological and political education activities to ensure the effective exertion of the overall comprehensive effectiveness of the entire system.

思想政治教育的自组织运行表现为处于相对封闭的时空范围内的显性思想政治教育活动。这一过程的展开以其要素在时空中的配置与组织为依托。思想政治教育过程的要素包括教育者、教育对象、教育内容、教育方法和教育情境。这些基本要素均存在于思想政治教育三种运行过程之中，但在不同运行过程中其内涵范畴又有所区分。在自组织运行中，教育者指党政机构、企事业单位、社会团体及学校中专门从事理论宣传与思想政治工作的专业人员群体。教育对象主要聚焦于组织化程度较高的群体，如党员干部、军人、学生及社会团体成员等。教育内容紧扣思想政治教育的根本目标，涵盖世界观教育、人生观教育等核心领域。教育方法主要体现为理论灌输法、实践锻炼法等兼具专门化、直接化及规范化的显性手段。教育情境多体现于校园、课堂等具有高度组织性和纪律性的育人空间。这些要素大多呈现出较为明显的思想政治教育特征，它们遵循一定的内在规律并相互联结，构成一个矛盾统一的整体，共同推动思想政治教育活动有序开展，以确保整个系统综合效能的有效发挥。

(B) Unfolding of the Self-Organizing Operational Process of Ideological and Political Education

（二）自组织运行的思想政治教育过程展开

As components of a system, elements are “mutually connected” and “interacting with each other, and it is precisely this interaction that constitutes movement.” The self-organizing operational process embodies the contradictory movement of the internal elements of the ideological and political education system, where links and stages are the concrete manifestations of the logical unfolding of this process. From a horizontal logical perspective, the process of ideological and political education is manifested as educators, based on certain educational goals, selecting corresponding educational content and using appropriate educational methods to improve the ideological and political qualities of education objects, including two links: educators exerting educational influence and education objects receiving education, thereby transforming their ideological contradictions. From a vertical logical perspective, the process of ideological and political education is manifested as a series of stages in which the elements within the system successively appear in different fields such as family, school, and community, alternately playing roles at different stages of individual growth, prompting the sequential unfolding of ideological and political education. Further, an individual’s initial enlightenment in ideological and political education originates from the family. Family education, especially family virtue education, is the stage that plays a role earlier in this process. Subsequently, school education continues to deepen the individual’s ideological cognition and moral concepts. Social units and community education then intervene successively in the later stages of individual growth, playing irreplaceable roles in their different life domains. They are interconnected and collaborate, constituting a self-organizing operational process of content extension and logical continuity.

作为系统的构成部分，要素之间是“互相联系”“相互作用着的，并且正是这种相互作用构成了运动”。自组织运行过程体现了思想政治教育系统内部各要素的矛盾运动，其中，环节和阶段是这一过程逻辑展开的具体体现。从横向逻辑来看，思想政治教育过程体现为教育者根据一定的教育目标，选取相应的教育内容，运用合适的教育方法，提高教育对象的思想政治素质，包括教育者施加教育影响、教育对象接受教育从而思想矛盾发生转化两个环节。从纵向逻辑来看，思想政治教育过程表现为系统内各要素在家庭、学校、社区等不同场域接续出场，在个体成长的不同阶段交替发挥作用，促使思想政治教育次第展开的一系列阶段。进言之，个体最初的思想政治教育启蒙源自家庭，家庭教育尤其是家庭美德教育是这一过程中较早发挥作用的阶段；随后，学校教育继续深化个体的思想认知与道德观念；社会单位和社区教育则在个体成长的后续阶段相继介入，在其不同的生活领域里发挥着不可替代的作用。它们相互衔接、共同协作，构成了内容延展、逻辑承续的自组织运行过程。

(C) Optimization of the Self-Organizing Operational Process of Ideological and Political Education

（三）自组织运行的思想政治教育过程优化

Grasping the various elements of the ideological and political education process and their connotative scope is the foundation for constructing an efficient operational system. When analyzing these elements, the scope should be broadened to prevent narrowing their connotation, avoiding limiting the field of ideological and political education to schools and the participating groups to teachers and students. Instead, a holistic examination of broad fields including schools and grassroots units should be conducted, and full attention should be given to various social groups.

把握思想政治教育过程的各项要素及其内涵范畴，是构建高效运行系统的基础。在解析这些要素时，应拓宽视野，防止窄化其内涵范畴，避免将思想政治教育的场域局限于学校、将参与群体限定为师生，而是要对包括学校与基层在内的广泛场域进行整体性考察，对社会各界群体予以充分关注。

Deeply analyzing the internal mechanism of a single ideological and political education activity within self-organizing operation is key to improving the efficiency of system operation. The unfolding of a single activity requires the effective coordination of various elements. Attention should be paid to the comprehensiveness of the elements to avoid the weakening of educational effects due to missing elements. On this basis, fully leveraging the synergistic effects among the elements within the system is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of self-organizing operation.

深入剖析自组织运行中单个思想政治教育活动的内在机制，是提升系统运行效能的关键。单个活动的展开需要各要素的有效配合，应注重要素的全面性，避免要素缺失而导致教育效果的削弱。在此基础上，充分发挥系统内各要素之间的协同效应，对于提升自组织运行的效能具有至关重要的作用。

Strengthening the correlation and cohesion among various activities in the process of ideological and political education is an important guarantee for the coherence and integrity of the entire system’s operation. The self-organization of ideological and political education must not only prompt a certain internal element to carry out “matching” organization of other elements, so as to achieve mutual alignment and synergistic promotion among elements in terms of function, role, and goal; at the same time, it must also strengthen the “relational” organization of one activity toward other activities. This connection is reflected not only in the echoing and progression of content, but also in the close linkage and mutual support in logical sequence, temporal nodes, and implementation strategies.

强化思想政治教育过程中各项活动之间的关联性与衔接性，是整个系统运行连贯性与整体性的重要保障。思想政治教育的自组织，不仅要促使内部某一要素对其他要素进行“匹配性”组织，以实现各要素在功能、作用及目标上的相互契合与协同推动；同时，还要强化某一活动对其他活动的“关联性”组织，这种联结既体现在内容上的呼应与递进，又体现在逻辑顺序、时间节点及实施策略上的紧密衔接与相互支撑。

III. The Interactive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education and Its Optimization

三、交互式运行的思想政治教育过程及其优化

(A) Elements of the Interactive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education

（一）交互式运行的思想政治教育过程要素

The interactive operation process is a process of mutual empowerment between ideological and political education and the multiple elements and multi-level subsystems of society. As a subsystem within the social system, ideological and political education engages in deep and extensive internal and external interactive activities with other social subsystems. These interactions form a close relationship of mutual influence and constraint among systems, manifested in three situations: co-directional operation, detached operation, and contradictory operation. Among these, co-directional operation directly belongs to the process of ideological and political education. This process involves both explicit education and implicit education, and its basic elements include educators, education recipients, educational content, educational methods, and educational contexts. However, the key difference from self-organized operation lies in the extension of the breadth of the conceptual scope. In interactive operation, educators include leading personnel from Party and government bodies at all levels and from social organizations, as well as all those engaged in theoretical, propaganda, educational, literary, artistic, and journalistic work. These individuals are directly or indirectly connected to ideological and political education and bear certain responsibilities and obligations for conducting ideological and political education among social members. Education recipients include not only groups with a higher degree of organization, but also groups with non-institutionalized characteristics and a relatively lower degree of organization, such as members of some economic organizations and social organizations, as well as flexible employment groups. These groups are mostly characterized by dispersed personnel, high mobility, and difficulty in organization. Educational content is mainly influenced by factors such as social and historical conditions, presenting a highly socialized and contemporary character, with features of concealment and suggestion. Educational methods are mainly manifested in inducing changes in the subjective motivations, thoughts, and emotions of individuals or groups through inspiration, edification, and permeation, such as the typical case education method, the incentive education method, and the infection education method. Educational contexts are mostly reflected in the educational atmosphere created by various venues and social settings.

交互式运行过程是思想政治教育与社会的多种要素和多层次的子系统之间相互赋能的过程。思想政治教育作为社会系统中的子系统，与社会其他子系统之间存在深入且广泛的内外交互活动。这些交互形成了系统间相互影响与制约的紧密关系，表现为同向运行、疏离运行和相悖运行三种情况。其中，同向运行直接属于思想政治教育过程。这一过程既存在显性教育，也存在隐性教育，其基本要素包括教育者、教育对象、教育内容、教育方法和教育情境，但区别于自组织运行的关键在于概念范畴广度的延展。在交互式运行中，教育者包含各级党政和社团的领导人员以及一切从事理论、宣传、教育、文艺、新闻工作的人员，他们均与思想政治教育有着直接或间接的联系，承担着一定的对社会成员进行思想政治教育的责任和义务。教育对象不仅包括组织化程度较高的群体，而且包括具有非体制化特征、组织化程度相对较低的群体，如部分经济组织和社会组织成员及灵活就业群体等，他们大多呈现出人员分散、流动性大、组织难度高等特点。教育内容主要受社会历史条件等因素影响，呈现出高度的社会化、时代化表征，具有隐蔽性、暗示性特点。教育方法主要体现为通过启发、熏陶、渗透引起个体或群体的主观动机和思想情感变化，如典型教育法、激励教育法、感染教育法等。教育情境则多体现于各类场馆及社会场所营造的育人氛围。

(B) The Unfolding of the Interactive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education

（二）交互式运行的思想政治教育过程展开

The ideological and political education system possesses initiative and influence within the social system. As a means of social regulation, it can affect other social subsystems. However, the complexity and dynamism of the social environment mean that the objective existence and developmental changes of other social subsystems also influence the implementation and effectiveness of ideological and political education. The interactive operation process includes two dialectically unified and interrelated aspects: on one hand, the influence of the ideological and political education subsystem on other social subsystems; on the other hand, the counter-effect of other social subsystems on the ideological and political education subsystem. These two aspects manifest the following three basic relationships: First, intersection and permeation between systems. The distinctions among social elements and systems are relative, not absolute; they interweave during operation, forming an operational state of “you have me, I have you.” Second, mutual constraint between systems. The functioning of certain social elements or subsystems can impose limitations and restrictions on the development of other elements and subsystems. Third, mutual promotion between systems. The functioning and strengthening of one system can drive the positive development of another system. A single interactive ideological and political education activity also includes a series of stages such as resource preparation and information exchange, implementation of influence and facilitation of transformation, and feedback evaluation and regulation optimization. Specifically, the elements of ideological and political education within other social subsystems provide abundant resources for the implementation of activities. Through deep information exchange and resource sharing, the ideological and political education system can identify and generate demand for relevant resources, thereby drawing necessary content from other social systems, promoting the effective unfolding of ideological and political education, and facilitating the ideological transformation of education recipients.

思想政治教育系统在社会系统中具有主动性和影响力，作为一种社会调控手段，能够对社会其他子系统产生影响。而社会环境的复杂性和动态性，意味着社会其他子系统的客观存在及其发展变化也会影响思想政治教育的实施和效果。交互式运行过程包含两个辩证统一、相互联系的方面，一方面是思想政治教育子系统对社会其他子系统的影响，另一方面则是社会其他子系统对思想政治教育子系统的反作用。这两方面呈现出以下三种基本关系：一是系统间的交叉与渗透。社会各要素、各系统的区分是相对而非绝对的，它们在运行过程中相互交织，形成“你中有我、我中有你”的运行状态。二是系统间的相互制约。社会某些要素、子系统功能的发挥，会对另一些要素与子系统的发展产生限制和约束。三是系统间的彼此促进。一个系统功能的发挥与强化能够推动另一个系统的正向发展。单个交互式运行的思想政治教育活动，又包含资源准备与信息交流、实施影响与促成转化、反馈评估与调控优化等一系列阶段。具体而言，社会其他子系统中的思想政治教育要素为活动的实施提供了丰富资源，通过深度的信息交流与资源共享，思想政治教育系统能够识别并产生对相关资源的需求，进而从社会其他系统中汲取所需内容，推动思想政治教育的有效展开，促进教育对象发生思想转化。

(C) Optimization of the Interactive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education

（三）交互式运行的思想政治教育过程优化

Interactive coordination of mechanisms. The organizational core of ideological and political education lies in the establishment of a leadership system and a working mechanism. Perfecting the leadership system and working mechanism is not a task that the self-organization of the ideological and political education system can undertake alone; rather, it requires deep interaction with other social subsystems such as the economy, politics, and culture. By optimizing the leadership structure and operational processes, a cross-domain coordination mechanism is formed, continuously stimulating the enthusiasm and creativity of the entire Party and the whole society for participating in ideological and political education, thereby providing solid organizational guarantees and institutional support for ideological and political education.

机制的交互协同。思想政治教育的组织核心在于领导体系与工作机制的建立。完善领导体制和工作机制并非思想政治教育系统自组织所能单独承担的任务，而是需要其与经济、政治、文化等其他社会子系统深度交互，通过优化领导架构与运作流程，形成跨领域的协同机制，持续激发全党全社会共同参与思想政治教育的积极性与创造力，为思想政治教育提供坚实的组织保障与制度支撑。

Interactive coordination of subjects. Interactive ideological and political education relies on “full-time” personnel to provide in-depth guidance, while also drawing on the broad participation of “part-time” personnel from all sectors of society. To enhance educational effectiveness, it is necessary to effectively integrate human resources, promote their diversified allocation, and build a work team that combines full-time and part-time members with complementary advantages. It is essential to continuously strengthen the division of labor and collaboration within the team, ensuring the maximization of overall effectiveness through clear division of responsibilities, optimization of resource allocation, and enhanced communication and exchange, thereby providing strong human resource guarantees for ideological and political education.

主体的交互协同。交互式运行的思想政治教育既依靠“专职”人员提供深度指导，又吸纳社会各界“兼职”人员广泛参与。为提升教育效能，需有效整合人力资源，促进其多元化配置，打造一支专兼结合、优势互补的工作队伍。要持续强化队伍内部的分工协作，通过明确职责划分、优化资源配置、加强沟通交流，确保整体效能的最大化发挥，为思想政治教育提供强大的人力资源保障。

Interactive coordination of resources. The abundant resources contained within various social subsystems have become an effective supplement to, and even an indispensable and important source of, the content elements and contextual elements of ideological and political education. The social function of ideological and political education is first and foremost prominently manifested in its political function. At the same time, the deep integration of ideological and political education with the economic system can transform the creation and accumulation of material wealth into a material foundation for promoting the development of ideological and political education; its close connection with the cultural system can transform the spiritual wealth nurtured in the long history and culture of the Chinese nation into a spiritual force that nourishes and strengthens ideological and political education; its synergistic progress with the scientific and technological system, especially relying on the vigorous development of information technology, has made the internet an important carrier for disseminating excellent human culture and promoting positive energy, capable of providing strong support and new channels for ideological and political education.

资源的交互协同。社会各个子系统所蕴含的丰富资源，已成为思想政治教育内容要素、情境要素等的有效补充，乃至其不可或缺的重要源泉。思想政治教育的社会性功能，首先就突出表现在它的政治功能。同时，思想政治教育与经济系统的深度融合，能够将物质财富的创造与积累转化为推动思想政治教育发展的物质基础；与文化系统的紧密联结，能够将中华民族悠久历史文化中孕育的精神财富转化为滋养与强化思想政治教育的精神力量；与科学技术系统的协同共进，特别是依托信息技术的蓬勃发展，互联网已经成为传播人类优秀文化、弘扬正能量的重要载体，能够为思想政治教育提供有力支撑与崭新渠道。

IV. The Pervasive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education and Its Optimization

四、泛在化运行的思想政治教育过程及其优化

(A) Elements of the Pervasive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education

（一）泛在化运行的思想政治教育过程要素

The pervasive operation of ideological and political education refers to ideological and political education that is universally present in society. The pervasive operation process is a process in which ideological and political education relies on the support and influence of the overall external social environment. In this process, the social macro-system and its various subsystems directly or indirectly exert educational influence on education recipients. In self-organized operation and interactive operation, the process of ideological and political education mainly involves explicit elements such as educators, education recipients, educational content, educational methods, and educational contexts. However, in pervasive operation, in addition to explicit elements, implicit elements manifested in non-material forms—such as political elements, ideological elements, economic elements, and cultural elements—run through this process. As the state of social operation changes and improves, society unconsciously exerts the effectiveness of ideological and political education, but its forms of expression tend to become concealed.

泛在化运行的思想政治教育即社会中普遍存在的思想政治教育。泛在化运行过程是思想政治教育依靠外部社会整体环境支持和影响的作用过程，在此过程中，社会大系统和各子系统直接或间接地对教育对象施加教育影响。在自组织运行和交互式运行中，思想政治教育过程主要存在教育者、教育对象、教育内容、教育方法、教育情境等显性要素。而在泛在化运行中，除显性要素以外，政治要素、思想要素、经济要素、文化要素等这些以非物质形式展现的隐性要素贯穿这一过程。随着社会运行状况的变化和改善，社会在不自觉中发挥出思想政治教育的效能，但其表现形式趋于隐匿。

(B) The Unfolding of the Pervasive Operation Process of Ideological and Political Education

（二）泛在化运行的思想政治教育过程展开

Social operation and development are not a process opposed to and external to human beings, but rather a product of human activity. When people uphold specific value orientations or theoretical tendencies, the state of social operation reveals distinctions of good and evil to them, and can then be differentiated into several basic states and types. Specifically, social operation can be roughly divided into three major categories: benign operation, neutral operation, and malignant operation, while social development correspondingly presents three trends: coordinated development, ambiguous development, and distorted development. Among these, benign social operation and coordinated development play the role of implicit ideological and political education. Within the broad scope of different social fields, the implicit elements of ideological and political education, through systematic integration, form the ideological and political education of the entire society. In this process, there exists both a localized ubiquitous operation and a manifestation of a holistic ubiquitous operation. Elements such as the economic development model and cultural atmosphere within a certain region, through continuous flow, integration, and optimal allocation, influence individuals’ ideological concepts and value orientations, silently performing the function of ideological and political education. A benignly operating society is both itself and, as an “invisible” ideological and political education, embodies a holistic and all-encompassing ubiquitous trend, producing effects of radiation, activation, and innovation on the ideological and political education system.

社会运行与发展并非一个与人相对立的、外在于人的过程，而是人类活动的产物。当人们秉持特定的价值取向或理论倾向时，社会运行状态便对其呈现出善恶之别，进而可被区分为若干基本状态与类型。具体而言，社会运行大致可划分为良性运行、中性运行及恶性运行三大类别，而社会发展则相应呈现为协调发展、模糊发展与畸形发展三种态势。其中，社会良性运行和协调发展发挥着隐性思想政治教育的作用。在社会不同场域的广泛范畴内，隐含的思想政治教育要素经由系统性整合，形成全社会的思想政治教育。在此过程中，既存在区域的泛在化运行，也体现全域的泛在化运行。一定区域内的经济发展模式、文化氛围等要素，经由持续的流动、整合与优化配置，影响着个体的思想观念与价值导向，无声地发挥着思想政治教育的功能。而良性运行的社会既是其本身，又作为一种“看不见”的思想政治教育，体现出整体性的全域泛在化态势，对思想政治教育系统产生辐射、激活与革新的效果。

(III) Optimization of the Ideological and Political Education Process in Ubiquitous Operation

（三）泛在化运行的思想政治教育过程优化

Strengthening practical connections. Ideological and political education in ubiquitous operation embodies the interactive relationship among practice, society, and people. Among these, practice is the intermediary through which people and society influence each other. The formation and development of human consciousness are closely linked to the material production activities and other forms of practical activities in which individuals participate. With the rapid development of modern science and technology and the acceleration of the modernization process, the influence of various types of social information on the ideological consciousness of educational objects continues to intensify, producing effects of enhancement, deepening, interference, or offsetting on ideological and political education. Only by strengthening the close connection with practice and continuously meeting the needs of practice can people be truly prompted to become active and passive subjects, promoting the full unfolding of ideological and political education in the dimensions of time and space.

强化实践关联。泛在化运行的思想政治教育体现了实践、社会、人三者之间的互动关系。其中，实践是人与社会相互影响的中介。人的意识的形成与发展，与个体参与的物质生产活动及其他形式的实践活动紧密相连。随着现代科学技术的迅速发展与现代化进程的加速，各类社会信息对教育对象思想意识的影响力度持续加大，对思想政治教育产生增强、深化或干扰、抵消的作用。只有强化与实践的紧密联系，不断满足实践需要，才能促使人真正成为能动和受动的主体，推动思想政治教育在时空维度上充分展开。

Responding to social concerns. When society is in benign operation, relying on society can effectively expand the scope of subjects and content of ideological and political education, enhancing its effectiveness; whereas when social development is uneven, in neutral or even malignant operation, it is necessary to exert subjective initiative, critically absorb and integrate, and organically incorporate many factors in society as resource-based and background elements into the process of ideological and political education. Currently, Chinese society is in a benign development trend of stability and improvement. As social development becomes increasingly positive and upward, the effectiveness of ideological and political education is correspondingly continuously improving.

回应社会关切。当社会处于良性运行时，依托社会能够有效拓展思想政治教育的主体范围及内容，提升其效能；而当社会发展良莠不齐，处于中性运行乃至恶性运行时，则需发挥主观能动性，批判性吸收与整合，将社会中的诸多因素作为资源性、背景性的要素，有机融入思想政治教育过程之中。当前，我国社会正处于稳中向好的良性发展态势。社会发展愈发积极向上，相应地，思想政治教育的效果也在不断提升。

Enhancing the coherence of ideological and political education. Future-oriented ideological and political education will increasingly manifest as an all-round, boundaryless process of ubiquitous operation. In the temporal dimension, ideological and political education that runs through social practice advances with the passage of time and develops with the evolution of the era; in the spatial dimension, new fields such as cyberspace have already become highly open public spaces that transcend time and space. Ideological and political education must not only maintain sensitivity to the times and keep pace with the era but also extensively penetrate into enterprises, communities, the internet, and even broader social spaces, achieving deep integration and comprehensive coverage; it must be flexible and varied in form, and even more so, close to reality, close to life, and close to the masses in content, influencing people’s ideological concepts and behavioral habits in a seemingly formless yet omnipresent way, constructing an invisible yet powerful system of ideological and political education.

提升思想政治教育的贯通性。面向未来的思想政治教育，将更多呈现为一种全方位、无界限的泛在化运行过程。在时间维度上，贯穿社会实践的思想政治教育随时间的推移而推移、随时代的发展而发展；在空间维度上，网络空间等新场域已经成为跨越时空、高度开放的公共空间。思想政治教育既要保持时代敏锐性，紧跟时代步伐，又需广泛渗透至企业、社区、网络乃至更广阔的社会空间，实现深度融入与全面覆盖；既要在形式上灵活多变，更要在内容上贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众，以一种看似无形却无处不在的方式，潜移默化地影响人们的思想观念和行为习惯，构建起一种隐形而强大的思想政治教育体系。

(The authors are, respectively, Vice Dean and Professor of the School of Marxism at Zhejiang University; and Doctoral Candidate at the School of Marxism at Zhejiang University)

（作者系浙江大学马克思主义学院副院长、教授；浙江大学马克思主义学院博士研究生）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁