Leveraging the Strategic Role of Higher Education Institutions in the Integrated Development of Technological Innovation and Industrial Innovation

Technological innovation is the endogenous driving force of industrial innovation, and industrial innovation is the realization of the value of technological innovation. Higher education institutions are a crucial nexus where science and technology as the primary productive force, talent as the primary resource, and innovation as the primary driving force converge, and they are a key link in promoting the integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the 2024 National Education Conference, "We must coordinate the implementation of the strategies of invigorating China through science and education, strengthening the nation through talent, and driving development through innovation, and advance education development, technological innovation, and talent cultivation as an integrated whole." [1]1 The 2024 National Education Conference was a high-level meeting convened by the CPC Central Committee to discuss the development of education in China. During this year's Two Sessions, [2]2 "Two Sessions" (两会) refers to the annual plenary meetings of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), China's top legislative and advisory bodies. General Secretary Xi Jinping, when visiting members of the China Democratic League, the China Association for Promoting Democracy, and the education sector attending the Third Session of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and participating in a joint group meeting, delivered an important speech emphasizing, "To achieve a positive interaction between independent technological innovation and independent talent cultivation, education must further play a pioneering and foundational supporting role. We must implement the plan to make breakthroughs in basic and interdisciplinary disciplines, build school-enterprise-local government joint innovation platforms, and improve the efficiency of transforming scientific and technological achievements." [3]3 The 14th National Committee of the CPPCC is the current term of the top political advisory body, serving from 2023 to 2028. These important expositions point the way forward and provide fundamental guidance for higher education institutions to promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, and to support and lead Chinese-path modernization through building a strong education nation. As the source of technological innovation and the promoter of industrial innovation, higher education institutions must always take on the responsibility of exploring the world's technological frontiers and serving major national strategies, strive to build a coordinated development system with three pillars—talent cultivation, technological innovation, and achievement transformation—and empower high-quality economic and social development through high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening.

科技创新是产业创新的内生动力，产业创新是科技创新的价值实现。高校是科技第一生产力、人才第一资源、创新第一动力的重要结合点，是促进科技创新和产业创新融合的关键一环。习近平总书记在2024年全国教育大会上强调，“要统筹实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养”。今年全国两会期间，习近平总书记在看望参加全国政协十四届三次会议的民盟、民进、教育界委员并参加联组会时发表重要讲话强调，“实现科技自主创新和人才自主培养良性互动，教育要进一步发挥先导性、基础性支撑作用。要实施好基础学科和交叉学科突破计划，打造校企地联合创新平台，提高科技成果转化效能”。这些重要论述为高校推进科技创新与产业创新深度融合、以教育强国建设支撑引领中国式现代化指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。高校作为科技创新的策源地和产业创新的推动者，必须始终在探索世界科技前沿、服务国家重大战略上挺膺担当，着力构建人才培养、科技创新、成果转化三足鼎立协同发展体系，以高水平科技自立自强为经济社会高质量发展赋能助力。

I. Enhancing the Level of Innovation, Strengthening the Capacity for Factor Supply and Innovation Origination

一、提升创新能级，增强要素供给和创新策源能力

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC proposed, "Adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall modernization of our country and take scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as the strategic support for national development." [4]4 The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee was held in October 2020, where the proposals for the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) were adopted. This is a strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, grasping the world's development trends, based on the current situation and with a long-term perspective. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed, "Accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy," and "Adhere to facing the world's scientific and technological frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield, facing the major national needs, and facing the people's life and health, and accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening." [5]5 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, setting the Party's direction for the next five years. Currently, the strategic position of higher education institutions in the national innovation system is not prominent; there is insufficient original supply; the supporting role of high-level platform systems is not fully utilized; organized research guided by task objectives is still insufficient; and the institutional mechanisms for collaborative innovation are not well-developed. These practical problems urgently require higher education institutions to take "cultivating and strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological forces, effectively supporting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening" as a key task, fully leverage the innovation advantages of deep basic research and interdisciplinary integration, actively deploy leading innovation directions, build high-level innovation platforms, strengthen the cultivation and supply of high-level scientific and technological achievements, and enhance the capacity to serve national needs and regional innovation as a source of origination.

党的十九届五中全会提出，“坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑”。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央把握世界发展大势，立足当前、着眼长远作出的战略部署。党的二十大报告提出，“加快实施创新驱动发展战略”，“坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，加快实现高水平科技自立自强”。当前，高校在国家创新体系中的战略地位不突出，原创性供给不够多，高能级平台体系的支撑作用发挥不够，以目标任务为导向的有组织科研尚有不足，协同创新的体制机制不够完善。这些现实问题迫切要求高校将“培育壮大国家战略科技力量，有力支撑高水平科技自立自强”作为重点任务，充分发挥基础研究深厚、多学科交叉融合的创新优势，积极布局引领性创新方向，打造高能级创新平台，强化高水平科技成果培育和供给，提升服务国家需求和区域创新的策源能力。

Strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and leading innovation, and consolidate the foundation and base of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. Strong basic research and original innovation capabilities are the foundation for solving key technical problems from the source and underlying levels. Higher education institutions should adhere to the strategic orientation of the "Four Fronts," [6]6 "Four Fronts" (四个面向) is a policy slogan directing scientific research to face world frontiers, the main economic battlefield, major national needs, and people's life and health. continuously refine and organize the implementation of principled and disruptive scientific and technological innovation activities, strengthen curiosity-driven basic theoretical research and problem-oriented interdisciplinary scientific research, and continuously enhance original innovation and integrated innovation capabilities. Taking the deepening of "big science" research and platform-based scientific research as the development direction, combine the unique advantages of organized research in effectively gathering resources with the spirit of free exploration, and strengthen the overall coordination and targeted cultivation of major tasks by setting up strategic task lists and establishing cross-college and cross-disciplinary research teams. Deeply grasp the opportunities for changes in scientific research paradigms brought by artificial intelligence, build intelligent scientific research service platforms, develop specialized large models for scientific research, and deepen the intelligent transformation of links such as scientific research decision-making, resource allocation, organization and management, and factor flow, in order to achieve the scale effect and sustainable development of technological innovation.

强化战略性前瞻性引领性创新，筑牢高水平科技自立自强的根基与底座。强大的基础研究和原始创新能力是从源头和底层解决关键技术问题的基础。高校应坚持“四个面向”的战略导向，持续凝练与组织实施具有原则性、颠覆性的科技创新活动，强化好奇心驱动的基础理论研究和突出问题导向的交叉科学研究，不断提升原始创新和集成创新能力。以深化“大科学”研究和平台科研为发展方向，将有组织科研有效集聚资源的独特优势和自由探索的科学精神相结合，通过设立战略任务清单、建立跨学院跨学科攻关团队等方式，加强重大任务的资源统筹与定向培育。深刻把握人工智能带来的科研范式变革机遇，搭建智能科研服务平台，开发科研专用大模型，深化科研决策、资源配置、组织管理、要素流动等环节的智能化再造，以实现科技创新的规模效应和可持续发展。

Strengthen the construction of high-level science and technology innovation platform systems, and make every effort to build important fulcrums for national strategic scientific and technological forces. High-level science and technology innovation platforms are important carriers of national strategic scientific and technological forces and are also key to leading industrial development. Higher education institutions should actively open up channels and space for cooperation with national strategic scientific and technological forces such as national laboratories, national research institutions, and leading technology enterprises, build clusters of major platforms such as national key laboratories, major national scientific and technological infrastructure, and national industry-education integration innovation platforms, and continuously enhance the systematic capability and institutional advantages of technological innovation that integrates production, education, research, and application. Facing regional innovation, promote the deep coupling of advantageous discipline clusters in higher education institutions with local industrial chains, create a three-dimensional layout of school-local government co-built science and technology innovation platforms and new R&D institutions, build a "one city, one policy" school-local government collaborative network, and further achieve the precise alignment and dynamic adaptation of technological innovation supply with the needs of economic and social development. Draw a map of industry-university-research cooperation around key industrial chains such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, integrated circuits, and life and health, and help form innovation consortia with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of industry, academia, and research.

强化高能级科创平台体系建设，聚力打造国家战略科技力量的重要支点。高能级科创平台是国家战略科技力量的重要载体，也是引领产业发展的关键。高校应主动打通与国家实验室、国家科研机构、科技领军企业等国家战略科技力量的对接渠道与合作空间，建设全国重点实验室、国家重大科技基础设施、国家产教融合创新平台等重大平台集群，不断增强产学研用贯通的技术创新体系化能力和建制化优势。面向区域创新，推动高校优势学科群与地方产业链深度耦合，打造校地共建科创平台与新型研发机构的立体式布局，构建“一城一策”的校地协同网络，进一步实现科技创新供给和经济社会发展需求的精准对接与动态适应。围绕人工智能、量子科技、集成电路、生命健康等重点产业链绘制产学研合作地图，助力形成以企业为主体、产学研深度融合的创新联合体。

Deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms for collaborative innovation, and fully stimulate the vitality and momentum of integrated development. Higher education institutions should, focusing on the major need to build a comprehensive innovation system and mechanism, precisely deploy excellent disciplines and specialties driven by national strategic needs, strengthen organized tackling of key core technologies, and enhance the forward-looking planning capability for technological innovation. Systematically reshape task-oriented innovation organizations, with strategic tasks as the driving force, on the basis of discipline-driven innovation organization models, reshape the scientific research organization system, and deepen the reform of school-local government and school-enterprise cooperation-oriented innovation organization models. Explore new mechanisms to promote transformation, strengthen market-oriented transformation of scientific and technological achievements, focus on cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries and future industries, integrate resources to systematically build collaborative innovation platforms, teams, funds, systems, and ecology, promote the "four-chain integration" of innovation chain, industrial chain, talent chain, and capital chain, and effectively transform the institutional and mechanism advantages of extraordinary policy support and resource guarantee into the driving force for the integrated development of technological innovation and industrial innovation.

深化协同创新的体制机制改革，充分激发融合发展的活力与动能。高校应围绕构建支持全面创新体制机制的重大需求，精准布局国家战略需求牵引的优秀学科专业，强化关键核心技术有组织攻坚，提升科技创新前瞻谋划能力。系统重塑任务导向的创新组织，以战略任务为牵引，在学科牵引型的创新组织模式基础上，重塑科研组织体系，深化校地、校企合作型的创新组织模式改革。探索推动转化的新型机制，强化市场导向的科技成果转化，围绕培育发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业，整合资源体系化打造协同创新的平台、队伍、基金、制度、生态等，推进创新链、产业链、人才链、资金链“四链融合”，切实将超常规政策支持和资源保障的体制机制优势转化为科技创新与产业创新融合发展的动力。

II. Attracting and Cultivating Innovative Talents, Stimulating Talent Vitality and Creativity

二、引育创新人才，激发人才活力和创造力

Talent is the foundation of innovation, and innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of important judgments, such as "the fundamental of innovation lies in talent," "the fundamental source of national scientific and technological innovation lies in people," and "talent is a strategic resource for achieving national rejuvenation and gaining the initiative in international competition." [7]7 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the Xi Jinping era. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization" reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed reform tasks such as "accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces," "establish a talent evaluation system oriented by innovation ability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution," and "open up channels for talent exchange between higher education institutions, scientific research institutes, and enterprises." [8]8 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee was held in July 2024, focusing on comprehensive deepening of reform. Benchmarking against the requirements of the Party Central Committee, there are still some structural contradictions in the attraction and cultivation of innovative talents in higher education institutions. For example, the talent layout in key core technologies and strategic emerging technology fields lacks forward-looking and leading guidance, the channels for talent flow and exchange with innovation entities such as scientific research institutes and enterprises are not smooth, and the institutional mechanisms for talent growth and development are not well-established. There is an urgent need to build platforms for attracting and gathering the world's top talents in an extraordinary way, optimize the evaluation and flow-sharing development mechanisms of talent resources, and stimulate the vitality of talents in undertaking strategic tasks and leading innovation and entrepreneurship.

人才是创新的根基，创新驱动实质上是人才驱动。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记提出“创新的根本在人才”，“国家科技创新力的根本源泉在于人”，“人才是实现民族振兴、赢得国际竞争主动的战略资源”等一系列重要论断。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出，“加快建设国家战略人才力量”，“建立以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的人才评价体系”，“打通高校、科研院所和企业人才交流通道”等改革任务。对标党中央要求，高校创新人才引育仍存在一些结构性矛盾。比如，在关键核心技术与战略新兴技术领域的人才布局缺乏前瞻性引领性，与科研院所、企业等创新主体间的人才流动和交流渠道不畅通，人才成长发展的体制机制不健全，亟需超常规建设吸引集聚全球杰出人才的平台，优化人才资源的评价和流动共享发展机制，激发人才承担战略任务、引领创新创业的活力。

Centering on major national strategic needs, create a “strong magnetic field” for talent attraction and cultivation. Higher education institutions should uphold talent as the primary resource, target “bottleneck” key technologies and emerging industry demands, rationalize the internal relationships among schools, disciplines, and scholars, deepen strategic-task-oriented reforms in talent recruitment models, draw up a strategic talent map with precise positioning, dynamic optimization, and tiered layout, and tilt more resources toward the attraction and cultivation of strategic talent. Accelerate the construction of a diversified scientific and technological talent team, strengthen the cultivation of top-tier talent and young talent, select and focus on cultivating outstanding individuals with prominent strategic innovation capabilities, organizational abilities, and competitive advantages, and build a “talent echelon led by strategic scientists, supported by first-class scientific and technological leading talents and innovation teams, and reserved with top young talents.” At the same time, with a more strategically holistic vision and more breakthrough policy intensity, expand and strengthen the overseas talent increment, create a two-way pathway of “attracting phoenixes to build nests” and “building nests to attract phoenixes,” and form a talent agglomeration effect of “introducing one, driving a group, and radiating across a region.”

围绕国家重大战略需求，打造人才引育“强磁场”。高校应坚持人才是第一资源，瞄准“卡脖子”关键技术和新兴行业需求，理顺学校、学院、学科和学者的内在关系，深化战略任务导向的引人模式改革，绘制精准定位、动态优化、梯度布局的战略人才地图，将更多资源向战略人才引育倾斜。加快构建多元科技人才队伍，强化顶尖人才和青年人才的培养，遴选战略创新能力、组织能力和竞争优势突出的杰出人才进行重点引育，打造“战略科学家引领、一流科技领军人才和创新团队支撑、青年拔尖人才储备”的人才雁阵。同时，以更具战略性的全局视野和更富突破性的政策力度，做大做强海外人才增量，打造“引凤筑巢”与“筑巢引凤”的双向通路，形成“引进一个、带动一批、辐射一片”的人才集聚效应。

Centering on high-quality regional innovation, promote a “positive cycle” of talent mobility and sharing. Talent mobility and sharing essentially aim to achieve cross-unit, cross-field, and cross-platform re-matching of supply and demand and maximize utility. Higher education institutions should further strengthen their strategic fulcrum function in serving local high-quality development, precisely grasp the core concerns and actual demands of universities, local governments, and leading enterprises in talent mobility and sharing, and continuously explore mechanisms for cross-field, cross-institution, and cross-platform exchange, cooperation, and supply-demand docking among schools, enterprises, and localities. Deeply analyze the institutional and mechanistic obstacles restricting the orderly flow of talent, standardize and improve the dual-appointment and concurrent-employment systems for talent and the achievement-sharing mechanism, explore a flexible talent introduction model of “establishment in universities, entrepreneurship in parks, and contribution to localities,” fully rely on high-energy-level platforms to innovate methods of talent introduction and cultivation, and gather outstanding talent. Innovate cooperation carriers between schools, enterprises, and localities, support innovation teams in providing technical support to enterprises through school-enterprise innovation consortia, and create special reform pilot projects such as the “dual-supervisor system plus project system” for professional degree graduate training, “industry professors,” “deputy chief technology officers,” and “plans for selecting postdoctoral researchers to carry out scientific and technological services and training,” thereby promoting the two-way empowerment of high-quality education development and regional innovation development.

围绕高质量区域创新，推进人才流动共享“正循环”。人才流动共享实际上是为了实现跨单位、跨领域、跨平台的供需再匹配与效用最大化。高校应进一步强化服务地方高质量发展的战略支点功能，精准把握高校、地方政府、龙头企业在人才流动共享中的核心关切与现实诉求，持续探索校企地人才跨领域、跨院校、跨平台的交流合作与供需对接机制。深入剖析制约人才有序流动的体制机制性障碍，规范完善人才双聘兼聘制度和成果共享机制，探索“编制在高校、创业在园区、贡献在地方”的柔性引才模式，充分依托高能级平台创新人才引育方式，汇聚优秀人才。创新校企地合作载体，支持创新团队通过校企创新联合体为企业提供技术支撑，打造专业学位研究生“双导师制+项目制”培养、“产业教授”、“科技副总”、“选派博士后研究人员开展科技服务与锻炼”计划等专项改革试点，推动教育高质量发展与区域创新发展的双向赋能。

Centering on the laws of talent growth, deliver a “combined punch” of institutional and mechanism reforms. Higher education institutions should reshape the concept of talent development, establish a “grand talent perspective” that prioritizes quality, embraces diversity in classification, and emphasizes scientific evaluation. By deepening reforms of the human resources system, optimizing the talent evaluation and appointment system, and exploring the implementation of “talent special zones” and “academic special zones” in new tracks such as new engineering, new medicine, new agriculture, and new liberal arts, grant talent policy preferences such as long-cycle assessment, autonomy in the management of fund use, and separate allocation of graduate student enrollment quotas, and conduct in-depth innovative exploration in talent evaluation and incentive mechanisms to loosen constraints and empower talent. Establish classification evaluation standards and indicator norms that better conform to the laws of scientific and technological talent growth, development, and innovation activities, build a three-dimensional multi-channel development system conducive to talent competing to grow and display their abilities, and enable all types of talent, especially young scientific and technological talent, to see the world, grow their skills, and take on major responsibilities through tackling major tasks and undergoing key position training. Strengthen policy supply around stimulating the innovation and entrepreneurship momentum of teachers and students, introduce special policies to encourage students to engage in entrepreneurial practice, support teachers in carrying out achievement transformation, improve the income distribution system for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and strengthen incentives for teacher and student innovation and entrepreneurship.

围绕人才成长规律，打好体制机制改革“组合拳”。高校应重塑人才发展理念，树立质量优先、分类多元、科学评价的“大人才观”。通过深化人力资源体系改革，优化人才评聘体系，在新工科、新医科、新农科、新文科等新赛道探索实施“人才特区”、“学术特区”模式，赋予人才长周期考核、经费使用管理自主权、单独划拨研究生招生指标等政策优待，在人才评价、激励机制等方面深入创新探索，为人才松绑赋能。建立更加符合科技人才成长发展和创新活动规律的分类评价标准与指标规范，构建有利于人才竞相成长、各展其能的立体式多通道发展体系，让各类人才特别是青年科技人才在重大任务攻关和关键岗位历练中见世面、长本领、挑大梁。围绕激发师生创新创业动能加强政策供给，出台专门政策鼓励学生开展创业实践，支持教师开展成果转化，完善科技成果转化的收益分配制度，强化对师生创新创业的激励。

III. Penetrate the innovation chain, accelerate achievement transformation and entrepreneurial incubation

三、贯通创新链条，加速成果转化与创业孵化

Innovation and entrepreneurship are important levers for China to promote economic structural adjustment and stimulate new momentum for high-quality development under the new normal of the economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “innovation is the soul of social progress, and entrepreneurship is an important way to promote economic and social development and improve people’s livelihoods,” and that “we must adhere to a problem-oriented approach, emancipate the mind, create a better environment for innovation and entrepreneurship through comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up, focus on solving prominent institutional and mechanistic problems affecting innovation and entrepreneurship, create a social atmosphere that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, especially providing favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and young people, and establish an acceleration mechanism for the growth of high-tech enterprises,” and “let innovation become the driving force for youthful voyages, and let entrepreneurship become the energy for youthful struggles.” [9]9 This paragraph contains a series of quotations from Xi Jinping’s speeches on innovation and entrepreneurship, delivered at various occasions including the 2014 Summer Davos Forum and a 2016 inspection tour. The final sentence, “let innovation become the driving force for youthful voyages, and let entrepreneurship become the energy for youthful struggles,” is from Xi’s speech at a 2015 forum with youth representatives. Currently, higher education institutions still have breakpoints and blockages in the innovation chain, and the policy tools for gathering educational, scientific, and technological talent elements to support innovation, entrepreneurship, and achievement transformation are not sufficiently complete. It is necessary to fully leverage the unique advantages of disciplines, talent, technology, and platforms, open up the entire chain from basic research, applied research, achievement transformation, to industrial incubation, promote the flow, transformation, and value addition of knowledge and technology within the innovation chain, comprehensively support teachers, students, and alumni in transforming and starting businesses, and build an innovation and entrepreneurship accelerator with higher education characteristics.

创新创业是经济新常态下我国推动经济结构调整、激发高质量发展新动能的重要抓手。习近平总书记强调，“创新是社会进步的灵魂，创业是推动经济社会发展、改善民生的重要途径”，“要坚持问题导向，解放思想，通过全面深化改革开放，给创新创业创造以更好的环境，着力解决影响创新创业创造的突出体制机制问题，营造鼓励创新创业创造的社会氛围，特别是要为中小企业、年轻人发展提供有利条件，为高技术企业成长建立加速机制”，“让创新成为青春远航的动力，让创业成为青春搏击的能量”。当前，高校在创新链条上还存在断点堵点，汇聚教育科技人才要素、支持创新创业和成果转化的政策工具不够完善，必须充分发挥学科、人才、技术、平台等得天独厚的优势，打通基础研究、应用研究、成果转化、产业孵化全链条，推动知识和技术在创新链中的流动、转化和增值，全方位支持师生校友转化创业，打造高校特色的创新创业加速器。

Build an innovation-led entrepreneurship education system, turning “those who can study” into “those who can create.” The cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities among college students is an important part of higher education. Higher education institutions should place “education” and “innovation” on an equal footing, forming the concept of “innovation leading entrepreneurship.” Relying on key innovation platforms, build a curriculum system that integrates professional education and entrepreneurship education, promote reforms in the cultivation model integrating science, education, industry, and teaching, systematically construct a progressive, full-chain innovation and entrepreneurship education system centered on multi-classroom integration, anchored by process-based assessment, supported by open platforms, and guaranteed by diversified collaboration, guide young students to plant the seeds of innovation and entrepreneurship in general education, strengthen innovation awareness and thinking in innovation and entrepreneurship courses based on professional foundations, achieve full-process practice from project prototype design to business model transformation in innovation and entrepreneurship competitions and industry-education integration training, and ultimately complete the real transformation from “knowledge recipients” to “value creators.”

构建创新引领的创业教育体系，让“会读书的人”成为“会创造的人”。大学生创新创业能力教育培训是高校教育的重要内容。高校应将“育人”与“创新”放在同等重要的位置，形成“创新引领创业”的理念。依托重点创新平台构建专业教育与创业教育融合的课程体系，推进科教产教融合培养模式改革，系统构建以多课堂融通为核心、以过程性考核为抓手、以开放式平台为支撑、以多元协同为保障的进阶式全链条创新创业教育体系，引导青年学生在通识教育中埋下创新创业的种子，在基于专业基础的创新创业课程中强化创新意识和创新思维，在创新创业大赛、产教融合实训中实现从项目原型设计到商业模式转化的全流程实战，最终完成从“知识接受者”到“价值创造者”的现实蜕变。

Build a full-chain, full-factor entrepreneurial incubation system, accelerating the leap in the level of innovation and entrepreneurship. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements requires the coordinated efforts and incubation cultivation of multiple factors across the entire chain. Higher education institutions should aim to support the accelerated transformation of cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements and cultivate future industries, rely on carriers such as national university science parks, concept verification centers, and pilot-scale maturation platforms to create full-factor entrepreneurial incubation spaces, explore new models such as advanced incubation, precise incubation, and deep incubation, establish a sound mechanism for achievement incubation and industry docking, and build a full-process entrepreneurial incubation and service system covering information matching, project optimization, technology pricing, transaction negotiation, benefit distribution, and entrepreneurial landing, thereby spawning more hard-tech unicorns, gazelle enterprises, and high-tech enterprises, and truly cultivate and strengthen new quality productive forces through the leap in the level of innovation and entrepreneurship.

构建全链条全要素的创业孵化体系，加速赋能创新创业能级跃升。科技成果转化需要全链条多要素的协同发力与孵化培育。高校应以支撑前沿科技成果加速转化和培育未来产业为目标，依托国家大学科技园、概念验证中心、中试熟化平台等载体创设全要素创业孵化空间，探索超前孵化、精准孵化、深度孵化等新模式，建立完善的成果孵化与产业对接机制，构建覆盖信息匹配、项目优化、技术定价、交易谈判、利益分配、创业落地的全流程创业孵化与服务体系，催生更多硬科技独角兽、瞪羚企业和高新技术企业，真正以创新创业的能级跃升培育壮大新质生产力。

Build a full-life-cycle science and technology innovation investment empowerment system, escorting the growth of science and technology enterprises from technological germination to industrial leadership. Higher education institutions must deeply recognize the important value of science and technology finance in promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, fully leverage the advantages of alumni resources, build high-energy-level science and technology innovation empowerment platforms, and provide comprehensive science and technology financial services for entrepreneurial projects. Establish science and technology innovation funds with higher education characteristics, use public welfare funds to help science and technology innovation projects cross the “valley of death” of feasibility verification and commercial landing, use the “direct investment plus follow-up investment” model of self-owned funds to help start-ups reduce costs, increase efficiency, and hedge risks, use cooperative funds to empower the scale expansion of growth-stage enterprises, and in the process of establishing and improving the science and technology innovation investment system, make every effort to provide companion-style and relay-style science and technology financial services for the full life-cycle financing needs of science and technology enterprises, providing long-term capital, patient capital, and strategic capital for the growth of science and technology enterprises.

构建全生命周期的科创投资赋能体系，为科创企业从技术萌芽到产业领军的成长保驾护航。高校必须深刻认识科技金融对促进科技创新与产业创新深度融合的重要价值，充分发挥校友资源优势，打造高能级科创赋能平台，为创业项目提供全方位科技金融服务。设立具有高校特色的科创基金，以公益基金助力科创项目跨越可行性验证和商业落地的“死亡之谷”，以自有基金的“直投+跟投”模式帮助初创企业降本增效和对冲风险，以合作基金赋能成长期企业的规模扩张，在建立健全科创投资体系的过程中全力为科创企业的全生命周期融资需求提供陪伴式、接力式科技金融服务，为科创企业成长提供长期资本、耐心资本、战略资本。

IV. Gather innovation elements, shape an outstanding innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem

四、汇聚创新要素，塑造卓越创新创业生态

The innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem is essentially a form of “soft power,” which is of great significance for stimulating the vitality of innovation subjects, promoting the convergence of innovation factors, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of innovation. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC explicitly put forward requirements such as “cultivating an innovation culture” and “creating an innovation atmosphere.” [10]10 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022; its report outlined the Party’s strategic plans for the next five years and beyond. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “We must create a favorable development environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. We must draw momentum from reform and opening up, and unleash to the greatest extent the innovation and entrepreneurship vitality of the whole society.” [11]11 Xi Jinping is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the core leader of the Party and state. The cultivation of an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem requires the joint participation of multiple subjects, but there are endogenous conflicts and institutional contradictions between the traditional functions of higher education institutions and the needs of integration, while enterprises face problems such as insufficient independent innovation capacity and a lack of scientific research talent. In response, higher education institutions should take root in the Chinese context, base themselves on regional development, and not only maintain the balance and resilience of the ecosystem through the subject symbiosis of shared responsibility, functional complementarity, and value co-creation, but also further tap into special innovation resource endowments such as policy, culture, and location, nurture new talent, optimize structures, jointly cultivate an innovation and entrepreneurship culture, and build a new ecosystem that connects China and the world, integrates industry and education, and circulates symbiotically.

创新创业生态本质上是一种“软实力”，对于激发创新主体活力、促进创新要素汇聚、提升创新整体效能具有重要意义。党的二十大报告明确提出“培育创新文化”、“营造创新氛围”等要求。习近平总书记强调，“要营造有利于创新创业创造的良好发展环境。要向改革开放要动力，最大限度释放全社会创新创业创造动能”。创新创业生态营造需要多元主体共同参与，但高校传统职能与融合需求存在内生冲突和机制矛盾，企业存在自主创新能力不足、科研人才缺乏等问题。对此，高校应扎根中国大地，立足区域发展，既要以责任共担、功能互补与价值共创的主体共生性来保持生态系统的平衡与韧性，也要进一步挖掘政策、文化、区位等特殊创新资源禀赋，育新人、优结构，共同培育创新创业文化，构建汇通中外、产教互融、循环共生的新生态。

Promote the formation of new structures between universities and enterprises, and build a system and mechanism of sharing and mutual benefit. Higher education institutions should focus on removing blockages in university-enterprise cooperation regarding common value shaping, intellectual property ownership, and the distribution of returns from achievement transformation, advance the deep integration of industry, academia, and research, promote positive interaction between researchers and entrepreneurs, collaborate with leading technology enterprises, using major R&D and application scenarios, major projects, and major platforms as drivers, to jointly cultivate innovative talents oriented toward industrial needs, jointly carry out technological breakthroughs, and jointly promote transformation and application, forming a systemic architecture that integrates technological innovation and industrial innovation. At the same time, properly coordinate the rights and interests of both parties, break down institutional barriers to long-term cooperation, explore and trial flexible distribution mechanisms such as “technology rights confirmation plus revenue sharing” and “sharing first, rights confirmation later,” safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both universities and enterprises in the marketization process, and achieve shared responsibility, functional complementarity, value co-creation, and benefit sharing.

推动大学与企业形成新的结构，构建共享共赢的体制机制。高校应聚焦打通校企合作在共同价值塑造、知识产权归属、成果转化收益分配等方面的堵点，推进产学研深度融合，促进研究人员与企业家良性互动，联合科技领军企业以重大研发和应用场景、重大专项、重大平台为牵引，面向产业需求协同培养创新人才、联合开展技术攻关、共同推动转化应用，形成融通科技创新和产业创新的系统架构。同时，妥善协调双方权益，打破长期合作的制度障碍，探索试行“技术确权+收益共享”、“先共享后确权”等弹性分配机制，保障校企双方在市场化过程中的合法权益，实现责任共担、功能互补、价值共创、利益共享。

Promote collaborative innovation between universities and alumni, forming a development community of integration and co-creation. Higher education institutions should regard alumni as an important force for university collaborative innovation, and promote the value transformation of alumni work from point-to-point emotional maintenance to multi-subject collaborative innovation. Through regular brand activities such as alumni innovation and entrepreneurship forums and innovation and entrepreneurship competitions, build a comprehensive service platform integrating resource aggregation, information sharing, exchange, and cooperation, to support the growth and development of alumni startup enterprises. Make good use of the advantages and functions of alumni and their enterprises in areas such as industry trend analysis, job demand identification, funding and project support, and practical resource aggregation, actively expand alumni networks, support alumni development, promote emotional resonance, resource sharing, and mission sharing between alumni and the university, and encourage and support the formation of a development community of mutual help, integration, and co-creation among teachers, students, and alumni.

推动大学与校友协同创新，形成共融共创的发展共同体。高校应将校友作为大学协同创新的重要力量，推动校友工作实现从点对点情感维系到多主体协同创新的价值转化。通过常态化组织校友创新创业论坛、创新创业大赛等品牌活动，构建集资源汇聚、信息共享、交流合作于一体的综合服务平台，助力校友创业企业成长发展。善用校友及校友企业在行业动态研判、岗位需求把握、资金项目支持、实践资源汇聚等方面的优势与功能，积极拓展校友网络、支持校友发展，促进校友和学校之间实现情感共鸣、资源共享、使命共担，鼓励支持师生校友之间形成互帮互助、共融共创的发展共同体。

Promote deep-level integration of regional culture and university spirit, forming a circular and symbiotic innovation ecosystem. Culture is an important component of the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. Higher education institutions should base themselves on the dual dimensions of regional cultural roots and the university’s spiritual lineage, and construct a three-in-one innovation and entrepreneurship cultural ecology of “cultural inheritance—value guidance—practice cultivation.” Fully utilize special innovation resource endowments such as regional policy, culture, and location, improve the mechanism for the interactive integration of innovation factors, build an innovation ecosystem with unique distinctiveness, and thereby amplify the agglomeration and diffusion effects of the innovation ecosystem. At the same time, strengthen strategic cooperation among universities, enterprises, and local governments, deeply explore the integrated innovation path for universities, enterprises, and local governments, integrate innovative talents, innovative structures, and innovative cultures, and form an outstanding innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem centered on higher education institutions and composed of researchers and entrepreneurs.

推动区域文化与大学精神深层次融通，形成循环共生的创新生态。文化是创新创业生态的重要组成部分。高校应立足区域文化根脉与大学精神谱系的双重维度，构建“文化传承—价值引领—实践养成”三位一体的创新创业文化生态。充分利用区域政策、文化、区位等特殊创新资源禀赋，完善创新要素交互融通的作用机制，构建具有独特辨识度的创新生态，进而放大创新生态系统的集聚和扩散效应。同时，加强校企地战略合作，深入探索校企地一体化创新路径，融汇创新人才、创新结构、创新文化，形成以高校为核心的、由研究人员和企业家组成的卓越创新创业生态。

(Author: Secretary of the Party Committee of Zhejiang University, Member of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference)

（作者：浙江大学党委书记，第十四届全国政协委员）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心