On the Innovative Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

The Communist Party of China unites and leads the Chinese people, proceeding from China’s concrete realities and the fundamental interests of the people, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, blazing new trails and advancing innovation, and promoting socialist modernization, thereby forging a path of Chinese-path modernization that possesses both the common features of modernization and distinctive characteristics. Chinese-path modernization has nurtured and given rise to an innovative spirit that embodies the essential features of the era; this innovative spirit is the spirit of “scaling heights, daring to be the first,” the spirit of daring to try, daring to break new ground, and blazing new trails. On the new journey of the New Era, profoundly grasping the contemporary value of the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization, deeply revealing its inner connotations, and exploring the practical pathways for this innovative spirit are of great significance for further carrying forward the innovative spirit, enhancing the consciousness, courage, and self-awareness of innovation among the entire Party and the whole people, advancing Chinese-path modernization, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

中国共产党团结带领中国人民，从中国的具体实际和人民的根本利益出发，解放思想，实事求是，开拓创新，推进社会主义现代化，走出了一条既有现代化共同特征又有鲜明特色的中国式现代化道路。中国式现代化孕育造就了体现时代本质特征的创新精神，这种创新精神，是“勇攀高峰、敢为人先”的精神，是敢闯敢试、开拓创新的精神。新时代新征程，深刻把握中国式现代化创新精神的时代价值，深入揭示中国式现代化创新精神的内在意蕴，探索中国式现代化创新精神的实践路径，对于进一步弘扬创新精神，增强全党全国人民创新的意识、勇气和自觉，推进中国式现代化，实现中华民族伟大复兴，具有重要意义。

I. The Contemporary Value of the Innovative Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

一、中国式现代化创新精神的时代价值

Chinese-path modernization is a socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China, a modernization that is people-centered and that brings into play the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of the broad masses of the people. As a forward-looking, exploratory, and breakthrough spiritual force, the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is both engendered in the process of Chinese-path modernization and serves as a powerful spiritual driving force for advancing it. On the new journey of the New Era, vigorously carrying forward the innovative spirit is of important contemporary value for further deepening reform comprehensively, advancing Chinese-path modernization, accelerating scientific and technological innovation, promoting the building of a strong country, and breaking through extreme suppression.

中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，是中国共产党以人民为中心、发挥广大人民群众积极性、主动性、创造性的现代化。中国式现代化创新精神作为一种前瞻性的、探索性的、突破性的精神力量，是在中国式现代化进程中孕育产生的，也是推进中国式现代化的强大精神动力。新时代新征程，大力弘扬创新精神，对于进一步全面深化改革，推进中国式现代化，加快科技创新，推动强国建设，破解极限打压，具有重要的时代价值。

1. The Need to Accelerate Scientific and Technological Innovation

1.加快科技创新的需要

The driving force of any modernization originates from the transformative innovation of science and technology. The innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization holds important value for accelerating scientific and technological innovation and deeply advancing the development of new quality productive forces in our country. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. “Science and technology are the foundation of a nation’s strength; innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress.” “We need a powerful force for scientific and technological innovation more than ever before. The 18th National Congress of the CPC made a major deployment to implement the innovation-driven development strategy, emphasizing that scientific and technological innovation is the strategic support for improving social productive forces and comprehensive national strength and must be placed at the core of the overall national development.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “ Science and technology are the core engine of the development of productive forces, and scientific and technological innovation occupies a central position in the overall national development. Scientific and technological innovation is based on innovative breakthroughs in scientific research, while technological innovation is the transformation and application of the achievements of scientific research innovation. Scientific research is creative work that explores laws and the unknown; its starting point is often the curiosity of people investigating the mysteries of nature, and it is the field that best embodies innovative thinking and most requires an innovative spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Scientific and technological innovation, especially original innovation, requires the ability for creative speculation, methods of rigorous verification, not blindly believing in academic authority, not blindly following existing doctrines, daring to question boldly, to verify earnestly, and to experiment continuously.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at a Symposium with Scientists” (September 11, 2020), in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, Vol. 4, Foreign Languages Press, 2022, p. 195. As a highly creative activity, scientific and technological innovation requires innovative thinking as the basic prerequisite for discovering and solving problems. Breakthroughs in major scientific research achievements are often the result of rapidly capturing the frontier, integrating and applying research methods, breaking conventions, and innovating and exploring. Scientific and technological innovation cannot be separated from the innovative spirit. This innovative spirit is embodied not only in the spirit of breaking superstition, daring to question, and daring to innovate, but also in the spirit of daring to try, daring to be the first, and daring to create, as well as in the spirit of empirical experimentation and seeking truth from facts.

任何现代化的动力都来源于科学技术的变革性创新，中国式现代化创新精神对于加快推动科技创新，深入推进我国新质生产力发展的重要价值。科技是第一生产力，“科技是国家强盛之基，创新是民族进步之魂”，“我们比以往任何时候都更加需要强大的科技创新力量。党的十八大作出了实施创新驱动发展战略的重大部署，强调科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑，必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置”。科技是生产力发展的核心引擎，科技创新在国家发展全局中占据核心位置。科技创新以科学研究的创新突破为基础，而技术创新则是科学研究创新成果的转化和应用。科学研究是探索规律、探索未知的创造性工作，其出发点往往是人们探究自然奥秘的好奇心，是最能体现创新思维、最需创新精神的领域。习近平总书记指出：“科技创新特别是原始创新要有创造性思辨的能力、严格求证的方法，不迷信学术权威，不盲从既有学说，敢于大胆质疑，认真实证，不断试验。”科技创新作为一种高度创造性活动，创新思维是发现问题、解决问题的基本前提，重大科研成果的突破，往往都是迅速捕捉前沿、融合运用研究方法、打破常规、创新探索的结果。科技创新离不开创新精神，这种创新精神既体现为破除迷信、大胆质疑、勇于创新的精神，又体现为敢闯敢试、敢为人先、勇于创造的精神，还体现为实证实验、实事求是的精神。

The issue of innovation in scientific research is not only a product of knowledge, curiosity, and imagination, but also a matter of the self-awareness of innovation, where the innovative spirit drives innovative practice. “Innovation has always been an important force driving a country and a nation forward.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering” (May 28, 2014), in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, Vol. Since the founding of New China, generations of scientists, adhering to the pioneering and innovative spirit of scaling heights, daring to be the first, devoting themselves to research, pursuing truth, pooling wisdom to tackle key problems, and continuously innovating, have achieved numerous fundamental, forward-looking, and leading original results and major breakthroughs, promoting substantial progress in our country’s scientific and technological strength and comprehensive national power. Achievements such as the “two bombs, one satellite,” [4]4 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Seminar on Studying and Implementing the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC,” February 7, 2023. The two idioms refer to rigid, dogmatic thinking: “marking the sword on the boat” (刻舟求剑) describes someone who ignores changed circumstances, and “waiting by the stump for a hare” (守株待兔) describes someone who waits passively for luck. the theory of continental oil generation, the artificial synthesis of bovine insulin, basic science breakthroughs in high-temperature superconductivity and nanotechnology, and engineering technological achievements such as super hybrid rice, high-performance computers, manned spaceflight, mobile communications, quantum communications, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, and high-speed railways have provided solid support for our country’s economic and social development. Currently, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is continuously reshaping the innovation landscape of modernization. Scientific and technological innovation has become a strategic support and leading force for advancing Chinese-path modernization on the new journey of the New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Now, our country’s economic and social development and the improvement of people’s livelihoods need solutions from science and technology more than ever before, and need to strengthen innovation as the primary driving force more than ever before.” [5]5 Mao Zedong, “Introductory Note to ‘The Socialist Upsurge in China’s Countryside’,” 1955. The phrase “from passivity to initiative” refers to the subjective transformation of the masses under socialism. Based on the new stage of high-quality development in our country’s economy, and facing the unprecedentedly arduous tasks, complex problems, and development difficulties of Chinese-path modernization, we must thoroughly implement the innovation-driven development strategy, further carry forward the innovative spirit of the entire people, especially scientific and technical personnel, persist in taking scientific and technological innovation as the primary driving force and strategic support for Chinese-path modernization, continuously stimulate the innovative wisdom, innovative capacity, and innovative potential of hundreds of millions of people with the innovative spirit, solve the development difficulties in the process of Chinese-path modernization, and continuously and deeply promote the great practice of scientific and technological innovation leading Chinese-path modernization.

科学研究中的创新问题不仅是知识、好奇心和想象力的产物，也是创新精神推动创新实践的创新自觉问题。“创新始终是推动一个国家，一个民族向前发展的重要力量。”新中国成立以来，一代又一代的科学家秉承着开拓创新精神勇攀高峰、敢为人先、潜心研究、追求真理、集智攻关、持续创新，取得了众多基础性、前瞻性、引领性的原创成果和重大突破，推动我国科技实力和综合国力取得长足进步。“两弹一星”、陆相生油理论、人工合成牛胰岛素等成就，高温超导、纳米科技等基础科学突破，超级杂交水稻、高性能计算机、载人航天、移动通信、量子通信、北斗导航、高速铁路等工程技术成果，为我国经济社会发展提供了坚实支撑。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革不断重塑着现代化的创新格局，科技创新成为新时代新征程推进中国式现代化的战略支撑和先导性力量。习近平总书记指出：“现在，我国经济社会发展和民生改善比过去任何时候都更加需要科学技术解决方案，都更加需要增强创新这个第一动力。”立足我国经济高质量发展的新阶段，面对中国式现代化前所未有的艰巨任务、复杂问题和发展难题，必须深入贯彻创新驱动发展战略，进一步弘扬全国人民尤其是科技人员的创新精神，坚持将科技创新作为中国式现代化的第一动力和战略支撑，不断以创新精神激发亿万人民的创新智慧、创新能力和创新潜力，破解中国式现代化进程中的发展难题，持续深入推动科技创新引领中国式现代化的伟大实践。

2. The Need to Promote the Building of a Strong Country

2.推动强国建设的需要

To build a great modern socialist country in all respects and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to vigorously carry forward the innovative spirit of the Chinese nation. “The Chinese nation is a nation rich in innovative spirit. Our ancestors long ago proposed: ‘Although Zhou was an ancient state, its mandate was renewed’ [6]6 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Conference Marking the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China,” July 1, 2016.; ‘As Heaven’s movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive for self-renewal’ [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Dialogue of the Communist Party of China and World Political Parties,” December 1, 2017.; ‘If you can renew yourself one day, do so every day, and continue day after day.’ [8]8 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Commemoration of the 120th Anniversary of the Birth of Comrade Mao Zedong,” December 26, 2013. It can be said that the innovative spirit is the most distinctive endowment of the Chinese nation.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” June 9, 2014. The Chinese nation has always had the fine tradition of “seizing nature’s work to create things.” [10]10 The “Four Modernizations” (四个现代化) were the goals of modernizing agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology, first proposed by Zhou Enlai in 1964 and reaffirmed by Deng Xiaoping after 1978. The reason Chinese civilization has become the only splendid civilization in human history to have continued uninterrupted for over 5,000 years lies in its high degree of innovative consciousness and self-awareness of innovation, its continuous transformation in response to challenges, and its continuous innovation on the basis of self-strengthening. “The innovativeness of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines the enterprising spirit of the Chinese nation to uphold the fundamental principles without being rigidly conservative and to respect antiquity without restoring ancient ways; it determines the fearless character of the Chinese nation in not fearing new challenges and in being willing to accept new things.” [11]11 “The whole country as a single chessboard” (全国一盘棋) is a Mao-era slogan emphasizing centralized planning and coordinated action across all regions and sectors. The cultural gene of innovation is rooted in the spiritual bloodline of the Chinese nation, enabling Chinese civilization to continue to develop and manifest its distinctive innovative characteristics.

全面建成社会主义现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴，需要大力弘扬中华民族创新精神。“中华民族是富有创新精神的民族。我们的先人们早就提出：‘周虽旧邦，其命维新’‘天行健，君子以自强不息’‘苟日新，日日新，又日新’可以说，创新精神是中华民族最鲜明的禀赋。”中华民族素有“夺天工而开物”的优良传统，中华文明之所以成为人类历史上唯一一个绵延5000多年至今未曾中断的灿烂文明，就在于其具有高度的创新意识和创新自觉，在应对挑战中不断变革，在自强的基础上不断创新。“中华文明的创新性，从根本上决定了中华民族守正不守旧、尊古不复古的进取精神，决定了中华民族不惧新挑战、勇于接受新事物的无畏品格。”创新文化基因根植于中华民族的精神血脉之中，使中华文明得以持续发展并彰显鲜明的创新性特质。

On the new journey of the New Era, advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization and building a great modern socialist country require all-round and multi-faceted innovation and creativity, continuously enhancing core competitiveness and comprehensive national power rooted in innovative spirit and innovative capability. Competition among nations is competition in comprehensive national power; competition in comprehensive national power is competition in core competitiveness; competition in core competitiveness is, in the final analysis, competition in innovative spirit and innovative capability. Only by promoting an innovative spirit can we improve innovative capability, especially scientific and technological innovation capability, and thereby use scientific and technological innovation to drive the construction of an innovative country and raise the innovative capability of the entire country and nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed innovation at the strategic heart of national development, and in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed: “By 2035 … achieve a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and enter the forefront of innovative countries.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “ At present, although we have achieved a transformation from “following” to “running alongside” and then to “leading” in many fields of science and technology, bearing the historical mission of building a strong country, facing the prominent problems in the process of Chinese-path modernization, and confronting the severe challenges of scientific and technological innovation, we need even more to promote an innovative spirit, fully respect the principal role and pioneering spirit of the people in Chinese-path modernization, continuously stimulate the people’s innovative vitality and creative potential, combine the stimulation of innovative vitality and creative potential with the gathering of the strength of struggle, and pool the people’s creative wisdom and inexhaustible strength into advancing the goals of economic and social development and into the beautiful vision of achieving the goal of a strong country, thereby continuously enhancing the capability for self-reliant and self-strengthening scientific and technological innovation and the capacity to build an innovative country, so that the people’s innovative practice is continuously transformed into a powerful force for advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

新时代新征程，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，建设社会主义现代化强国，更加需要全方位、多方面的创新创造，不断提升以创新精神和创新能力为根本的核心竞争力和综合国力。国家之间的竞争是综合国力的竞争，综合国力的竞争是核心竞争力的竞争，核心竞争力的竞争归根到底是创新精神和创新能力的竞争。弘扬创新精神，才能提高创新能力，尤其是科技创新能力，进而以科技创新推动创新型国家的建设，提高整个国家和民族的创新能力。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把创新摆在国家发展全局的战略位置，并在党的二十大报告中提出：“到二〇三五年……实现高水平科技自立自强，进入创新型国家前列。”当前，尽管我们在很多科技领域实现了由“跟跑”到“并跑”再到“领跑”的转变，但肩负着强国建设的历史使命，面对中国式现代化进程中的突出问题，面对科技创新的严峻挑战，我们更需要发扬创新精神，充分尊重人民群众在中国式现代化中的主体作用和首创精神，持续激发人民群众的创新活力和创造潜力，把激发创新活力、创造潜力和凝聚奋斗力量结合起来，把人民群众的创造智慧和无穷力量汇集到推进经济社会发展目标上来，汇聚到实现强国目标的美好愿景上来，从而不断提高自立自强的科技创新能力和创新型国家建设能力，让人民群众的创新实践持续转化为以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的强大力量。

3. The Need to Break Extreme Suppression

3.破解极限打压的需要

Promoting an innovative spirit is the need to break the extreme pressure exerted by the United States and the West and to win the high-tech war in the strategic game between major powers. With the rapid development of science and technology, economy, culture and other fields, China has gained more influence and voice on the international stage. The strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century are intertwined and interact with each other. “At present, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and changes in the world, in the times, and in history are unfolding in ways unprecedented.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at a Symposium with Scientists” (September 11, 2020), in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, Vol. 4, Foreign Languages Press, 2022, p. 195. China’s development has had a major impact on changes in the world and the global landscape. The United States has positioned China as its “most important strategic competitor.” The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) of the United States released a report titled *Beyond Technology: The Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Developing World*, arguing that developing countries have a latecomer advantage in applying new technologies, and that China in particular is using this opportunity to surpass the United States and enhance its influence in the world. The China Strategy Group (CSG) of the United States released a report titled *Asymmetric Competition: A Strategy for China’s Technology Competition*, pointing out that the United States has three points of attack in its technological competition with China over the next four years, namely, so-called controlling key technologies, controlling key platforms and standards, and diplomatic alliance-building. The United States does not hesitate to manipulate multilateral mechanisms and international organizations, accelerate the global deployment of the so-called “Technology Democracy Alliance,” unite allies to expand its partnership, and wage trade wars, technology wars, financial wars, public opinion wars, and diplomatic wars against China, with the focus on the technology war. The United States continuously politicizes and ideologizes technological issues and expands the scope of national security, declaring a national emergency against Huawei, joining forces with its allies to cut off supply chains and decouple from China, build a “small yard, high fence,” exert extreme pressure, and engage in frenzied suppression, prohibiting the sale of high-end chips from US technology companies such as Intel and Nvidia and lithography machines from the Dutch company ASML to China, and globally restricting the advanced technology R&D and business operations of more than 1,000 Chinese high-tech enterprises such as Huawei, in an attempt to contain and strangle China in the high-tech field and obstruct China’s development and the building of a strong country.

弘扬创新精神，是破解美西方的极限施压，打赢大国战略博弈中的高科技战的需要。随着科技、经济、文化等领域的快速发展，中国在国际舞台上拥有更多影响力和话语权，中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局相互交织、相互影响。“当前，百年变局加速演进，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开。”中国的发展对世界变局和全球格局都产生了重大影响，美国将中国定位为“最主要的战略竞争者”。美国战略与国际问题研究中心（CSIS）发布《超越技术：发展中国家的第四次工业革命》报告，认为发展中国家在应用新技术上具有后发优势，尤其是中国正借此契机超越美国，并增强其在世界上的影响力。美国智库中国战略组（CSG）发布的《非对称竞争：应对中国科技竞争的战略》报告指出，美国在未来四年内针对中国的科技竞争有三个进攻点，即所谓控制关键技术、控制关键平台和标准以及外交结盟。美国不惜通过操纵多边机制和国际组织，加速所谓“技术民主联盟”的全球性布局，联合盟友扩充盟伴，对中国大打贸易战、科技战、金融战、舆论战、外交战，重点是科技战。美国不断将技术问题政治化、意识形态化、泛国家安全化，对华为实施国家紧急状态，集自身和盟友之力，对中国搞断供脱钩、“小院高墙”、极限施压、疯狂打压，禁止将美国英特尔、英伟达等科技企业的高端芯片和荷兰阿施迈尔公司的光刻机出售给中国，在全球范围内限制华为等1000多家中国高科技企业的先进技术研发和经营活动，企图在高科技领域遏制、扼杀中国，阻挠中国的发展和强国建设。

The new Cold War centered on the technology war waged by the United States teaches us that high-tech competition is the top priority in comprehensive national power competition and the main battlefield in the strategic game between major powers. Core key technologies cannot be obtained by asking, buying, or begging. To effectively defuse the risks of the technology war imposed on our country by the United States and the West, we must promote an innovative spirit, adhere to self-reliance and self-strengthening, be bold in innovation, and break through blockades. Chinese-path modernization is an independent and self-reliant modernization, possessing a complete and independent modern industrial system with a full range of categories, forged and led by science and technology, which also lays the foundation for breaking through the encirclement and interception of the United States and the West in science and technology and winning the innovation war in the high-tech field. For China, the sanctions and blockades imposed by the United States and the West in the high-tech field can only slow down the pace of China’s progress, but cannot stop its advance; on the contrary, they will stimulate the spirit, fighting will, and mettle of the Chinese people for self-reliance, self-strengthening, and bold innovation. David Goldman, deputy editor of *Asia Times*, pointed out: “America’s restrictions and control measures do not appear to have worked; instead, they have accelerated China’s independent R&D and import substitution.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering” (May 28, 2014), in *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, Vol. The extreme suppression by the United States and the West will only accelerate China’s process of independent development. Practice has proven that in the fields where the United States has most severely suppressed and blockaded China’s high-tech sector, the spirit and motivation for China’s independent innovation are strongest, and the speed of high-tech breakthroughs and development is fastest. This is fully demonstrated by Huawei’s 5G, 6G and chip technologies, the electric vehicle technology represented by BYD, and the development of quantum communication, quantum computers, and AI technology. On the new journey of the New Era, we must adhere to the orientation of national strategic needs, persist in independent innovation in high-tech R&D, concentrate forces to carry out original and leading scientific and technological breakthroughs, transform the extreme suppression of the United States and the West into motivation for independent innovation, strengthen R&D of core technologies, enhance organized scientific research, implement major scientific research projects to break through the “bottleneck” technologies imposed by the United States and the West, pool wisdom for tackling key problems, promote original research with innovative spirit, innovative thinking, and innovative methods, provide strategic support for the development of new quality productive forces and the enhancement of comprehensive national power, and remain invincible under extreme suppression.

美国以科技战为核心的新冷战启示我们，高科技竞争是综合国力竞争的重中之重，也是大国战略博弈的主要战场。关键核心技术是要不来、买不来、讨不来的，若要有效化解美西方强加于我国科技战的风险，必须发扬创新精神，坚持自立自强、勇于创新、突破封锁。中国式现代化是独立自主的现代化，具有科学技术锻造引领的门类齐全、独立完整的现代工业体系，也为突破美西方科学技术上的围追堵截，打赢高科技领域的创新战打下了基础。对于中国而言，美西方在高科技领域的制裁封锁只能减缓中国进步的速度，而无法阻挡前进的步伐，反而会激发中国人民自立自强、勇于创新的精神、斗志和气概。《亚洲时报》副主编大卫·戈德曼指出：“美国的限制和控制措施似乎并未奏效，反而让中国加快了自主研发和替代进口的步伐。”美西方的极限打压，只会加快中国的自主化进程。实践证明，在美国对我国高科技领域打压封锁愈厉害的领域，中国自主创新的精神和动力就愈足，高科技突破和发展的速度就愈快。华为的5G、6G及芯片技术，以比亚迪为代表的电动汽车技术，量子通信与量子计算机、AI技术的发展等，充分证明了这一点。新时代新征程，我们必须坚持以国家战略需求为导向，坚持高科技研发的自主创新，集聚力量进行原创性、引领性科技攻关，将美西方的极限打压转化为自主创新的动力，强化核心技术研发，加强有组织的科研，实施突破美西方“卡脖子”技术的重大科研项目，集智攻关，以创新精神、创新思维、创新方法推动原创性研究，为新质生产力的发展和综合国力的增强提供战略支撑，在极限打压中立于不败之地。

II. The Profound Implications of the Innovative Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

二、中国式现代化创新精神的深刻意蕴

The innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is the innovative spiritual character, temperament, and style formed by the Communist Party of China leading the Chinese people in the long-term struggle and practice of Chinese-path modernization. The innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is specifically embodied in: the spirit of pioneering and innovation, the spirit of independent innovation, the spirit of collaborative innovation, and the spirit of sustained innovation. Accurately understanding and grasping the profound implications of the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is an inherent requirement for promoting the innovative spirit, proactively responding to and solving the challenges and difficulties on the path of Chinese-path modernization, endowing Chinese-path modernization with vigorous vitality, and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

中国式现代化的创新精神是中国共产党带领中国人民在中国式现代化的长期奋斗实践中形成的创新的精神品格、气质和风貌。中国式现代化创新精神具体体现为：开拓创新精神、自主创新精神、协同创新精神、持续创新精神。准确理解和把握中国式现代化创新精神的深刻意蕴，是弘扬创新精神，主动应对和破解中国式现代化道路上的挑战与难题，赋予中国式现代化以勃勃生机，全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的题中应有之义。

1. The Spirit of Pioneering and Innovation in Chinese-Path Modernization

1.中国式现代化的开拓创新精神

The innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is first embodied in the spirit of pioneering and innovation. Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of a huge population. Advancing Chinese-path modernization is an unprecedented pioneering undertaking, with no ready-made path to follow and no ready-made experience to draw upon. We can only promote an innovative spirit, dare to try and dare to break new ground, dare to be the first, advance through exploration, deepen through pioneering, and develop through innovation. “Innovation requires daring to take risks. Daring to be the first in the world is a quality that particularly needs to be promoted to overcome risks and challenges and achieve high-quality development.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Seminar on Studying and Implementing the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC,” February 7, 2023. The two idioms refer to rigid, dogmatic thinking: “marking the sword on the boat” (刻舟求剑) describes someone who ignores changed circumstances, and “waiting by the stump for a hare” (守株待兔) describes someone who waits passively for luck. “The great social transformation in contemporary China is not a simple continuation of the master copy of our historical culture, not a simple application of the template of the classical writers of Marxism, not a reprint of the socialist practices of other countries, and not a copy of the development of modernization abroad.” [5]5 Mao Zedong, “Introductory Note to ‘The Socialist Upsurge in China’s Countryside’,” 1955. The phrase “from passivity to initiative” refers to the subjective transformation of the masses under socialism. A truly modernized country cannot do without sharp pioneering and breakthrough innovation. The spirit of pioneering and innovation is the primary embodiment of the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization. This spirit of pioneering and innovation is, in the final analysis, a spirit of daring to be the first in the world.

中国式现代化创新精神，首先体现为开拓创新精神。中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化，推进中国式现代化，是一项前无古人的开创性事业，没有现成的道路可循，没有现成的经验可参考，只能发扬创新精神，敢闯敢试、敢为人先，在探索中前进、在开拓中深化、在创新中发展。“创新就要敢于承担风险。敢为天下先是战胜风险挑战、实现高质量发展特别需要弘扬的品质。”“当代中国的伟大社会变革，不是简单延续我国历史文化的母版，不是简单套用马克思主义经典作家思想的模板，不是其他国家社会主义实践的再版，也不是国外现代化发展的翻版。”一个国家真正的现代化，离不开锐意开拓和突破创新，开拓创新精神是中国式现代化创新精神的首要体现，这种开拓创新精神说到底是一种敢为人先的精神。

In the historical process of uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to advance Chinese-path modernization, the Communist Party of China has adhered to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities, continuously emancipating the mind, breaking down superstitions, pioneering and innovating, boldly experimenting and boldly forging ahead, and promoting Chinese-path modernization with a pioneering and innovative spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Advancing Chinese-path modernization is an exploratory undertaking, and there are still many unknown areas that require us to boldly explore in practice and promote the development of the cause through reform and innovation. We must by no means be like the man who marked his sword on the boat or the man who waited by the stump for a hare.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Seminar on Studying and Implementing the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC,” February 7, 2023. The two idioms refer to rigid, dogmatic thinking: “marking the sword on the boat” (刻舟求剑) describes someone who ignores changed circumstances, and “waiting by the stump for a hare” (守株待兔) describes someone who waits passively for luck. The period of socialist construction was a period of pioneering exploration of the path of Chinese-path modernization. Under the socialist system, the masses of the people, as masters of the country, began to “shift from passivity to initiative” in spirit, [5]5 Mao Zedong, “Introductory Note to ‘The Socialist Upsurge in China’s Countryside’,” 1955. The phrase “from passivity to initiative” refers to the subjective transformation of the masses under socialism. creating history for the first time with complete and conscious autonomy, and initiating the historical process of Chinese-path modernization. The new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization was a period of innovative development of Chinese-path modernization. The Communist Party of China, uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country, fundamentally removed the shackles of rigid and conservative ideas, greatly stimulated the innovative spirit of the Chinese people, further invigorated the powerful driving force of Chinese-path modernization, and promoted the vigorous development of reform and opening up and the socialist modernization cause. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters the New Era, it is a period of advancement and expansion of Chinese-path modernization. The deeper Chinese-path modernization advances, the more new situations, new problems, and new challenges it will encounter. Currently, the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, accelerating in evolution; Chinese-path modernization is advancing in depth; and economic development is in a new stage of promoting high-quality development and a critical period of transitioning between old and new driving forces. The pioneering and innovative spirit has increasingly become the key for the Party and the people to enhance innovation momentum, grasp historical initiative, and solve development difficulties, and it must be continuously promoted.

中国共产党在团结带领全国各族人民推进中国式现代化的历史进程中，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，不断解放思想、破除迷信、开拓创新，大胆地试、大胆地闯，以开拓创新精神推进中国式现代化。习近平总书记指出：“推进中国式现代化是一个探索性事业，还有许多未知领域，需要我们在实践中去大胆探索，通过改革创新来推动事业发展，决不能刻舟求剑、守株待兔。”社会主义建设时期，是开拓探索中国式现代化道路的时期，在社会主义制度下，人民群众作为国家的主人，开始在精神上“由被动转为主动”，第一次完全自主自觉地创造历史，开启了中国式现代化的历史进程。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，是中国式现代化的创新发展时期，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，从根本上解除了僵化保守的思想观念的禁锢，极大地激发了中国人民的创新精神，进一步激发了中国式现代化的强劲动力，推动了改革开放和社会主义现代化事业的蓬勃发展。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，是中国式现代化的推进和拓展时期，中国式现代化越向纵深推进，越会遇到更多新情况、新问题、新挑战。当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，中国式现代化深入推进，经济发展正处于推动高质量发展的新阶段、新旧动力转换的关键时期，开拓创新精神愈发成为党和人民增强创新动力、掌握历史主动、破解发展难题的关键，必须持续加以弘扬。

2. The Independent Innovation Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

2.中国式现代化的自主创新精神

Chinese-path modernization is a modernization of independent innovation, and the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is also embodied in the spirit of independent innovation. Since the founding of New China, our country has pursued the basic state policy of independence and self-reliance, autonomously carried out socialist modernization, and blazed a path of Chinese-path modernization characterized by independent innovation. “Every country and nation has its own historical traditions, cultural accumulation, and basic national conditions, so their development paths must have their own characteristics.” [6]6 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Conference Marking the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China,” July 1, 2016. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that is based on China’s basic national conditions, rooted in China’s unique historical and cultural traditions, and aimed at solving China’s development problems. “There is no fixed model for modernization; the one that suits oneself is the best. One cannot cut one’s feet to fit the shoes.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Dialogue of the Communist Party of China and World Political Parties,” December 1, 2017. Only a modernization that adheres to independent innovation is a modernization that is self-reliant, self-strengthening, and deeply rooted, a modernization that conforms to China’s national conditions and has Chinese characteristics. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization in which the Communist Party of China, uniting and leading the Chinese people, based on the interests of the country and the nation and the reality of development, continuously promotes the spirit of independent innovation, autonomously develops the economy and science and technology, and independently chooses, explores, and pioneers innovation according to the interests of the country and the nation and the actual development of China.

中国式现代化是自主创新的现代化，中国式现代化创新精神还体现为自主创新精神。新中国成立以来，我国奉行独立自主的基本国策，自主开展社会主义现代化建设，走出了一条自主创新的中国式现代化道路。“每个国家和民族的历史传统、文化积淀、基本国情不同，其发展道路必然有着自己的特色。”中国式现代化，是立足于中国的基本国情，立足于中国独特的历史文化传统，解决中国发展问题的现代化。“现代化道路并没有固定模式，适合自己的才是最好的，不能削足适履。”坚持自主创新的现代化才是自立自强、根基深厚的现代化，才是符合中国国情、具有中国特色的现代化。中国式现代化是中国共产党团结带领中国人民立足国家、民族利益和发展实际，不断弘扬自主创新精神，自主发展经济、科学技术的现代化，是根据国家、民族利益和中国发展实际独立选择、自主探索、开拓创新的现代化。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “In the long-term practice of leading revolution, construction, and reform, our Party has always adhered to independent exploration to open up the path forward. This spirit of independent exploration and practice, this firm confidence and determination to walk our own path, is the foothold of all our Party’s theories and practices, and also the fundamental guarantee for the continuous victory of the Party’s and the people’s cause.” [8]8 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Commemoration of the 120th Anniversary of the Birth of Comrade Mao Zedong,” December 26, 2013. At the beginning of the founding of New China, we abandoned the capitalist path and also refused to mechanically copy the Soviet model, insisting on integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities to explore a socialist modernization development path with Chinese characteristics. We fully relied on the people of the whole country to enhance independent innovation capabilities, overcome key core technologies, and established a relatively independent and complete industrial system and national economic system, laying the foundation for the sustained, healthy, and orderly development of Chinese-path modernization. Since reform and opening up, our Party has broken through ideological shackles, emancipated the mind, dared to try and dare to act, strengthened institutional innovation and path exploration, promoted the two-way coupling between socialism and the market economy, combined the institutional advantages of socialism in concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks with the mechanism advantages of the market economy in stimulating vitality, and achieved major practical innovations in the path of Chinese-path modernization. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters the New Era, we firmly grasp technological modernization as the key to Chinese-path modernization, and adhere to the spirit of independent innovation to develop high technology. “High-end technology is the sharp weapon of a modern country… Real core technology cannot be bought.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” June 9, 2014. Only by persisting in starting from the overall situation of modernization and the fundamental interests of the country, continuing to carry out original and leading key core technology breakthroughs, and continuously improving the level of scientific and technological innovation through independent innovation, can we provide abundant spiritual momentum for Chinese-path modernization and comprehensively and deeply advance the construction of a great modern socialist country.

习近平总书记指出：“我们党在领导革命、建设、改革长期实践中，历来坚持独立自主开拓前进道路，这种独立自主的探索和实践精神，这种坚持走自己的路的坚定信心和决心，是我们党全部理论和实践的立足点，也是党和人民事业不断从胜利走向胜利的根本保证。”新中国成立之初，我们放弃走资本主义道路，也拒绝机械照搬苏联模式，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，探索中国特色的社会主义现代化发展道路。我们充分依靠全国人民增强自主创新能力，攻克关键核心技术，建立了相对独立而完整的工业体系与国民经济体系，为中国式现代化的持续健康有序发展奠定了基础。改革开放以来，我们党破除思想禁锢，解放思想，敢闯敢试，加强制度创新和道路探索，推进社会主义与市场经济之间的双向耦合，把社会主义集中力量办大事的制度优势和市场经济激发活力的机制优势相结合，实现了中国式现代化道路的重大实践创新。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我们牢牢把握科技现代化这一中国式现代化的关键，坚持自主创新精神发展高科技。“高端科技是现代的国之利器。……真正的核心技术是买不来的”，只有坚持从现代化建设全局和国家根本利益出发，继续开展原创性、引领性关键核心技术攻关，通过自主创新不断提高科技创新水平，才能为中国式现代化提供充沛的精神动力，全面深入地推进社会主义现代化强国建设。

3. The Collaborative Innovation Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

3.中国式现代化的协同创新精神

The innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is also embodied in the spirit of collaborative innovation. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization with public ownership as the mainstay and diverse forms of ownership developing together, with distribution according to work as the mainstay and multiple modes of distribution coexisting; it is a modernization that adheres to the comprehensive leadership of the Communist Party of China, adheres to a people-centered approach, adapts to the needs of modernization development, gives play to the superiority of the socialist system, and concentrates resources to accomplish major tasks; it is a modernization that promotes the spirit of patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, mobilizes the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the masses, unites, consolidates, and coordinates all social forces, and maximizes the stimulation of the people’s pioneering spirit and collective wisdom. Socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China inherently requires the promotion of the spirit of collaborative innovation.

中国式现代化创新精神还体现为协同创新精神。中国式现代化是以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，以按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的现代化；是坚持中国共产党的全面领导，坚持以人民为中心，适应现代化发展需要，发挥社会主义制度优越性，集中力量办大事的现代化；是弘扬爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义精神，调动人民群众积极性、主动性、创造性，团结、凝聚与协调一切社会力量，最大限度地激发人民群众首创精神和集体智慧的现代化。中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化本质上要求发扬协同创新精神。

In the early days of the founding of New China, our country was faced with a hundred things to be done, a weak industrial foundation, a low starting point for industrialization, and a shortage of talent. The Chinese Communists represented by Comrade Mao Zedong actively organized, relied on, and mobilized the masses of the people, coordinated the overall promotion of the “Four Modernizations,” [10]10 The “Four Modernizations” (四个现代化) were the goals of modernizing agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology, first proposed by Zhou Enlai in 1964 and reaffirmed by Deng Xiaoping after 1978. forming a vivid situation of “the whole country as a single chessboard,” [11]11 “The whole country as a single chessboard” (全国一盘棋) is a Mao-era slogan emphasizing centralized planning and coordinated action across all regions and sectors. and creating a spiritual outlook and good atmosphere of unity of purpose and collaborative innovation. After reform and opening up, the socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics was gradually established and improved. The Communist Party of China, focusing on national strategic needs, optimized resource allocation, effectively handled the relationship between the government and the market, and efficiently promoted collaborative tackling of key problems, scientific overall planning, and integration of forces, achieving major breakthroughs in areas such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration projects, and supercomputers. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Our greatest advantage is that our socialist system can concentrate resources to accomplish major tasks. This is an important magic weapon for our achievements. In the past, we relied on this magic weapon to achieve major scientific and technological breakthroughs. Today, we must also rely on this magic weapon to promote scientific and technological innovation leaps, forming a new mechanism for concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks under the conditions of the socialist market economy.” [12]12 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. Currently, the state proposes to explore the establishment of a new type of nationwide system for mobilizing resources, which is to further face major national needs, promote the spirit of collaborative innovation, be led by the state or with large enterprises as the main force for tackling key problems, give full play to the advantages of strong innovation momentum in the private economy, stimulate the vitality of innovation entities such as the government, enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, and individuals, enhance the spiritual synergy of Chinese-path modernization, better promote practical innovation and technological breakthroughs, especially to develop and break through key core technologies that are “bottlenecks,” and use collaborative innovation to add wings of technological takeoff to Chinese-path modernization.

新中国成立初期，我国百废待兴，工业基础薄弱，工业化起点低，人才短缺，以毛泽东同志为代表的中国共产党人积极组织、依靠、动员人民群众，整体协同推进“四个现代化”，形成了“全国一盘棋”的生动局面，营造出万众一心、协同创新的精神风貌和良好氛围。改革开放后，中国特色社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立完善，中国共产党围绕国家战略需求，优化资源配置，有效处理好政府与市场的关系，高效地推动协同攻关、科学统筹、整合力量，载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等领域实现了重大突破。习近平总书记指出：“我们最大的优势是我国社会主义制度能够集中力量办大事。这是我们成就事业的重要法宝。过去我们取得重大科技突破依靠这一法宝，今天我们推进科技创新跨越也要依靠这一法宝，形成社会主义市场经济条件下集中力量办大事的新机制。”当前，国家提出要探索建立新型举国体制，就是要进一步面向国家重大需求，发扬协同创新精神，由国家主导或以大企业为主要攻关力量，发挥民营经济创新动力强的优势，激发政府、企业、高校、科研机构、个人等创新主体的活力，增强中国式现代化的精神合力，更好地推动实践创新和科技突破，尤其是发展和突破“卡脖子”关键核心技术，以协同创新为中国式现代化插上科技腾飞的翅膀。

4. The Sustained Innovation Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

4.中国式现代化的持续创新精神

The innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization is also embodied as a spirit of sustained innovation. The long-term innovative exploration of Chinese-path modernization has given rise to the Chinese people’s spirit of sustained innovation. Modernization innovation includes innovation in production technology and also innovation in relations of production. The scientific progress on which modernization depends is, in its essence, meant to serve the masses of the people, whereas capitalist private property alienates science and technology, turning them into a means for capitalists to exploit workers. Western modernization, based on private ownership, is a modernization dominated by capital and interests. Under the pattern of multiparty competition and the fragmentation of interest groups, political parties constantly engage in “tug-of-war,” making it difficult to reach consensus, and the continuity and stability of policies are insufficient, directly affecting the sustained unleashing of society’s creative vitality. At the same time, Western society’s pursuit of short-term profit maximization easily leads to “creative destruction.” Capitalists destroy large quantities of products deemed “surplus” relative to capital profit, and the antagonism between capital and the people recurs repeatedly. Schumpeter stated: “The process of creative destruction is the essential fact about capitalism. It is what capitalism consists in and what every capitalist concern has got to live in.” This “process of creative destruction” can be said to be the fundamental attribute of capitalist innovation, the inevitable product of the irreconcilable contradictions within capitalist society. Western socioeconomic development and technological innovation come at the cost of the overall interests of the masses and social wealth, focusing only on the increase of capital profits. Western political parties find it difficult to formulate and implement long-term science and technology strategic plans based on sustained social development, causing the myth of Western pride in creativity since the Enlightenment to grow increasingly dim.

中国式现代化创新精神还体现为持续创新精神。中国式现代化长期的创新探索催生了中国人民的持续创新精神。现代化的创新是生产技术的创新，也包括生产关系的创新。现代化所依赖的科学进步按其本质来讲是服务于人民大众的，而资本主义私有制使科学技术异化，成为资本家剥削工人的手段。以私有制为基础的西方现代化是以资本、利益为主导的现代化，在多党竞争和利益集团分化的格局下，各政党往往不断“拉锯”，难以达成共识，政策连续性和稳定性不足，直接影响社会创造活力的持续性发挥。同时，西方社会基于短期利益的最大化也极易导致“创造性毁灭”。资本家大量销毁对于资本利润而言的“过剩”产品，资本和人民的对立反复上演。熊彼特提出：“创造性毁灭过程是资本主义的本质体现，它是资本主义的内在组成部分。”这种“创造性毁灭过程”可以说是资本主义创新的根本属性，是资本主义社会内部不可调和的矛盾的必然产物。西方社会经济发展与科技创新以损失大众整体利益和社会财富为代价，只关注资本利益的增加。西方政党难以制定执行基于持续推动社会发展的科技战略规划，使自启蒙时代以来西方以创造力为荣的神话日趋黯然。

Marx pointed out: “Only the working class … can turn science from an instrument of class rule into a popular force … only in the republic of labor can science play its true role.” In stark contrast to the short-termism and disorder caused by party alternation in some Western countries, Chinese-path modernization under the leadership of the CPC, with its grand strategic planning and extraordinary strategic resolve, ensures policy continuity. Through comprehensive institutional innovation, it continuously adjusts relations of production and the superstructure, uses institutions to guarantee sustained cumulative innovation, stimulates the creative vitality of society, gives rise to the Chinese people’s spirit of sustained innovation, and continuously gathers the spiritual strength of Chinese-path modernization. Over more than 70 years, China’s innovation capacity building has achieved remarkable results. Currently, China’s total R&D expenditure has exceeded 3 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world; the quantity and quality of major science and technology infrastructure under construction or in operation have entered the world’s top tier; the number of invention patent applications has exceeded 50% of the world total, surpassing the United States to become the country with the most patent applications globally; and the added value of manufacturing has ranked first in the world for 13 consecutive years, accounting for nearly 30% of the global share. At present, it is necessary to carry forward the spirit of sustained innovation, provide a continuous source of spiritual motivation for the sustained innovation of Chinese-path modernization, further remove institutional and mechanistic obstacles, maximize the release of the enormous potential contained in science and technology as productive forces, and continuously promote the innovative development of Chinese-path modernization.

马克思指出：“只有工人阶级……把科学从阶级统治的工具变为人民的力量……只有在劳动共和国里面，科学才能起它的真正的作用。”与一些西方国家因政党轮替导致短期主义、无序状态形成鲜明对比，中国共产党领导的中国式现代化以宏大的战略规划、超强的战略定力，确保政策延续性，通过全面的制度创新不断调整生产关系和上层建筑，以制度保障持续的累积性创新，激发社会的创新创造活力，催生了中国人民的持续创新精神，不断汇聚中国式现代化的精神力量。70多年来，中国的创新能力建设成效显著，目前，中国研发经费投入总量突破3万亿元，居世界第二；在建和建成投入运行的重大科技基础设施数量和质量迈入全球第一方阵；发明专利申请数量已超过世界50%，超过美国成为全球申请专利数最多的国家；制造业增加值连续13年居世界首位，占全球比重接近30%。当前，要发扬持续创新精神，为中国式现代化持续创新提供源源不断的精神动力，进一步破除体制机制障碍，最大限度释放科技生产力所蕴藏的巨大潜能，持续推动中国式现代化的创新发展。

III. Cultivation Paths for the Innovative Spirit of Chinese-Path Modernization

三、中国式现代化创新精神的培育路径

The innovative spirit is the spiritual source of power for the major achievements of Chinese-path modernization and is also an important driving force for taking the new road of the “examination” [13]13 “Examination” (赶考) is a metaphor used by the CPC, originating from Mao Zedong’s speech before entering Beijing in 1949, comparing the Party’s governance to taking an exam; it has been revived on the new journey and writing a new chapter of modernization. Facing the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield, and facing the nation’s major strategic needs, deeply advancing Chinese-path modernization requires further cultivating and promoting the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization, continuously improving independent innovation capability, and promoting the construction of an innovative country to the forefront of the world.

创新精神是中国式现代化取得重大成就的精神源动力，也是新征程走好新的赶考之路、续写现代化新华章的重要驱动力。面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求，深入推进中国式现代化，需要进一步培育和弘扬中国式现代化创新精神，不断提高自主创新能力，推动创新型国家建设走在世界前列。

1. Cultivating the Innovative Spirit of the New Generation

1.培育时代新人的创新精神

The development of history is the result of successive generations’ relay of innovation. Realizing modernization and creatively realizing one’s own value in the process of modernization is a goal that Chinese youth of every generation have diligently pursued. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “No matter the past, present, or future, Chinese youth have always been the vanguard force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” [14]14 "Bottleneck" technologies (卡脖子技术) refers to key technologies that are controlled by foreign entities, restricting China's industrial development and national security. Young people are active in thought, novel in ideas, energetic, and full of drive. They are the vanguard force in the modernization process and the most active, dynamic, and vigorous force in society. Marx once said: “People can only achieve perfection for themselves by working for the perfection and happiness of their contemporaries.” On the journey of Chinese-path modernization, Chinese youth, as the practical subject and vanguard force, continuously integrate their own development into the innovative practice of modernization, promote the historic leap of Chinese-path modernization with courageous and unremitting struggle, and inject the youthful vitality and source of strength of the innovative subject into Chinese-path modernization.

历史的发展是世代接力创新的结果。实现现代化并在现代化进程中创造性地实现自身价值是每一世代中国青年孜孜以求的目标。习近平总书记指出：“无论过去、现在还是未来，中国青年始终是实现中华民族伟大复兴的先锋力量。”青年思维活跃、观念新颖、精力充沛、充满干劲，是现代化进程中的先锋力量，是社会中最积极、最活跃、最有生气的一支力量。马克思曾说：“人们只有为同时代人的完美、为他们的幸福而工作，才能使自己也达到完美。”在中国式现代化的征程中，作为实践主体与先锋力量的中国青年，不断将自身发展融入现代化的创新实践之中，以勇往直前的接续奋斗推动了中国式现代化的历史性飞跃，为中国式现代化注入了创新主体的青春活力和力量源泉。

The new generation needs to drive the innovation of Chinese-path modernization from the new historical juncture. Young people in the New Era are born into the critical period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, historically witnessing the change in the global landscape and the formation of the momentum for national rejuvenation. They are both witnesses of Chinese-path modernization and creators advancing it. On the new journey of the New Era, realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires innovative talents more than any other period in history. Cultivating the innovative spirit of the new generation is an inherent requirement for accelerating Chinese-path modernization and building an innovative country. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Youth are always new, possessing the most innovative enthusiasm and the most innovative motivation.” [15]15 "A game of chess" (一盘棋) is a Chinese idiom meaning to view the whole situation as a single, coordinated effort, emphasizing unified planning and action. It is necessary to “promote the innovative spirit and cultivate a talent team that meets the requirements of innovative development,” [16]16 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, where Xi Jinping delivered and especially to “greatly mobilize and fully respect the creative spirit of scientific and technological personnel, encouraging them to strive to be promoters and practitioners of innovation, making planning innovation, promoting innovation, and implementing innovation a conscious action.” [17] Cultivating a new generation with an innovative spirit is both an internal need for talent development and a fundamental requirement for innovation-driven development.

时代新人需要在新的历史方位创新驱动中国式现代化的发展。新时代青年生逢实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期，历史性见证全球格局的改变与民族复兴大势的形成，既是中国式现代化的见证者，也是推进中国式现代化的创造者。新时代新征程，实现中华民族伟大复兴比历史上任何时期都更加渴求创新人才，而培育时代新人的创新精神，是加速推进中国式现代化，建设创新型国家的应有之义。习近平总书记指出：“青年是常为新的，最具创新热情，最具创新动力。”要“弘扬创新精神，培育符合创新发展要求的人才队伍”，尤其“要极大调动和充分尊重广大科技人员的创造精神，激励他们争当创新的推动者和实践者，使谋划创新、推动创新、落实创新成为自觉行动”。培育具有创新精神的时代新人，既是人才成长的内在需要，也是创新驱动发展的根本要求。

Contemporary youth are an innovative and accomplished generation, injecting innovative momentum into the technology-driven innovation of Chinese-path modernization. The “China Science and Technology Human Resources Development Research Report (2020)” shows: “China’s science and technology human resources are mainly young and middle-aged, with those aged 39 and below accounting for about three-quarters, showing obvious characteristics and trends of youthfulness.” [18] Facing new overlapping risks and challenges, it is necessary to use the innovative spirit to assist in cultivating the new generation, advocate and cultivate an innovation culture, encourage schools to carry out innovative scientific research and innovative education practices, and continuously cultivate a new generation with innovative potential. Build an innovative education system, actively explore in areas such as discipline and major settings, curriculum systems, teaching models, and personalized talent cultivation models. By offering innovation courses, interdisciplinary courses, and maker courses, and carrying out inquiry-based, interactive, and heuristic teaching, stimulate students’ curiosity, thirst for knowledge, and innovative spirit, cultivate a large number of talents with an innovative spirit, and provide important talent support for Chinese-path modernization.

当代青年是创新有为的一代，为科技创新驱动中国式现代化注入了创新动能。《中国科技人力资源发展研究报告(2020)》显示：“我国科技人力资源以中青年为主，39岁及以下人群约占四分之三，年轻化特点和趋势明显。”面对新的叠加风险与问题挑战，要用创新精神助力时代新人的培育，倡导和培育创新文化，鼓励学校进行创新科学研究和创新教育实践，持续培养有创新潜能的时代新人。构建创新教育体系，在学科专业设置、课程体系、教学模式、个性化人才培养模式等方面积极探索，通过开设创新课程、交叉课程、创客课程，开展探究式、互动式、启发式教学，激发学生的好奇心、求知欲和创新精神，培养大批具有创新精神的人才，为中国式现代化提供重要的人才支撑。

2. Creating a Social Atmosphere that Advocates Innovation

2.营造崇尚创新的社会氛围

To cultivate the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to vigorously strengthen the construction of an innovation culture and innovation ecosystem, and create a good social atmosphere that respects and advocates innovation.

培育中国式现代化创新精神，要大力加强创新文化与创新生态建设，营造尊重创新、崇尚创新的良好社会氛围。

Focus on creating a public opinion environment that upholds innovation. It is necessary to publicize innovative concepts that meet the requirements of the New Era, shape positive and upward-looking innovative values, and stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of various innovation subjects. Promote the spirit of entrepreneurship, the spirit of scientists, the spirit of craftsmanship, and the spirit of model workers; strengthen coverage of the deeds of outstanding scientists, entrepreneurs, master craftsmen, and model workers; and deeply explore the innovation and entrepreneurship stories of scientists, entrepreneurs, etc., along with the innovative spirit and patriotic sentiments they embody. Provide in-depth reporting on the advanced experiences of various regions and industries in advancing innovative development, playing a demonstrative, guiding, and driving role. It is necessary to foster a social climate that encourages innovation, cultivate social soil that tolerates failure, guide social capital to more deeply understand the objective laws of scientific and technological innovation, and provide a more relaxed social environment for innovative exploration. Through education and guidance, a correct understanding of innovation failure should be formed; for projects with strong innovativeness, strong exploratory nature, and high risk, understanding, tolerance, and assistance should be given from the perspectives of institutions, mechanisms, and emotions. By further improving the intellectual property protection system, increase support for the transfer and transformation of innovation achievements, increase innovation gains, and stimulate the motivation of innovators in their innovation practice. It is necessary to break down occupational and educational background prejudices, promote the concept that "innovation is the primary driving force, and talent is the primary resource" and a social atmosphere of "respecting knowledge and respecting talent," and respect innovative talents from all walks of life. It is necessary to proactively discover, cultivate, consolidate, and reuse innovative talents, focusing on cultivating strategic scientists with an innovative spirit, talents for tackling "bottleneck" technologies,[14]14 "Bottleneck" technologies (卡脖子技术) refers to key technologies that are controlled by foreign entities, restricting China's industrial development and national security. top-notch innovative talents, basic research talents, and composite talents, while simultaneously cultivating and bringing forth a large number of innovative social scientists, literary and artistic talents, and other types of talents, so that the innovative vitality of all sectors of society bursts forth in competition and innovative wisdom flows fully.

注重营造崇尚创新的舆论环境。要宣传适应新时代要求的创新理念，塑造积极向上的创新价值观，激发各类创新主体的积极性、主动性、创造性。弘扬企业家精神、科学家精神、工匠精神、劳模精神，加强对优秀科学家、企业家、大国工匠、劳动模范事迹的报道，深入挖掘科学家、企业家等的创新创业故事及其蕴含的创新精神和爱国情怀。深入报道各地区各行业在推进创新发展中的先进经验，发挥示范、引领、带动作用。要营造鼓励创新的社会风气，培育宽容失败的社会土壤，引导社会资本更加深刻地认识科技创新的客观规律，为创新探索提供更为宽松的社会环境。要通过教育引导，形成对于创新失败的正确认知，对创新性强、探索性强、风险性高的项目，从体制机制及情感上给予理解、宽容和帮助。要通过进一步健全知识产权保护制度，加大对创新成果转移转化的支持力度，增加创新所得，激发创新者创新实践的动力。要打破职业、学历偏见，推动形成“创新是第一动力，人才是第一资源”的理念和“尊重知识，尊重人才”的社会氛围，尊重各行各业的创新人才。要主动发现、培育、凝聚和重用创新人才，重点抓好具有创新精神的战略科学家、“卡脖子”技术攻关人才、拔尖创新人才、基础研究人才、复合型人才的培养，同时培养造就大批具有创新精神的社会科学家、文学艺术家等各类人才，让社会各行业创新活力竞相迸发、创新才智充分涌流。

3. Build a Long-Term Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation

3.构建鼓励创新的长效机制

Cultivating the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization focuses on building a long-term mechanism for encouraging innovation and creation. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To implement the innovation-driven development strategy, the most fundamental thing is to enhance independent innovation capability, and the most urgent thing is to break down institutional and mechanistic obstacles, to the greatest extent liberating and stimulating the huge potential contained in science and technology as the primary productive force." It is necessary to build a demand-oriented mechanism, a competition-driven mechanism, and a policy support mechanism, to incentivize and guide talents, in the process of dedicating themselves to the country, contributing to society, and serving the people, to propose new topics, open up new fields, explore new paths, form new achievements, and make new contributions.

培育中国式现代化创新精神，重在构建鼓励创新创造的长效机制。习近平总书记指出：“实施创新驱动发展战略，最根本的是要增强自主创新能力，最紧迫的是要破除体制机制障碍，最大限度解放和激发科技作为第一生产力所蕴藏的巨大潜能。”要构建需求导向机制、竞争驱动机制与政策支持机制，激励引导人才在奉献国家、贡献社会和服务人民中，提出新课题、开辟新领域、探索新路径、形成新成果、作出新贡献。

Build a demand-oriented mechanism. Strengthen the traction of national strategic demands, target disciplinary frontiers, and solve practical problems. Strengthen organized scientific research, set up major science and technology projects oriented towards major national strategic needs and problems, combine "top-down" macro-deployment with "bottom-up" innovative exploration, excavate research fields that can be developed long-term, have market demand, and have social value, strengthen the government's policy support role in condensing major needs and tasks, strengthen the systematic organization and implementation of major national science and technology projects, optimize the layout of national strategic scientific and technological forces, and promote breakthroughs in disruptive technologies and key technologies.

构建需求导向机制。强化国家战略需求牵引，瞄准学科前沿，解决实际问题。加强有组织科研，设置面向国家重大战略需求和问题的重大科技项目，将“自上而下”的宏观部署与“自下而上”的创新探索相结合，挖掘可长期发展、有市场需求、有社会价值的研究领域，强化政府在重大需求和任务凝练中的政策支撑作用，加强国家重大科技项目的系统化组织实施，优化国家战略科技力量布局，促进颠覆性技术和关键技术突破。

Build an innovation-led mechanism. In the process of advancing Chinese-path modernization and promoting high-quality development, it is necessary to establish a classified investment mechanism for scientific research and technological innovation, form a smooth circulation mechanism for the innovation chain, and improve the institutional mechanisms for enhancing original innovation capability. Improve the institutional mechanisms of the science and technology innovation system, establish a continuous investment mechanism for basic research, and improve the promotion mechanism for market-oriented allocation of technological factors. Build an open innovation mechanism, and improve the national coordination mechanism for participating in global science and technology governance. Optimize the institutional mechanisms for promoting new engines of service trade and digital trade, and further stimulate the leading role of innovation in promoting high-quality development.

构建创新引领机制。在推进中国式现代化、推动高质量发展的过程中，要建立科学研究和技术创新的分类投入机制，形成创新链条循环畅通机制，完善提升原始创新能力的体制机制。完善科技创新体系机制，创设基础研究持续投入机制，完善技术要素市场化配置促进机制。构建开放创新机制，健全国家参与全球科技治理的统筹协调机制。优化促进服务贸易、数字贸易新引擎的体制机制，进一步激发创新对推动高质量发展的引领作用。

Build a competition-driven mechanism. Competition is the catalyst for promoting innovation and upgrading. On the basis of improving the fair competition system, competition should be promoted as much as possible, rather than hindered, and actions that use interests or power to restrict or exclude competition should be promptly corrected. It is necessary to optimize the market competition status evaluation system, allowing the market to truly play a fundamental role in resource allocation and the innovation process. It is necessary to implement a more competitive talent attraction system, avoid "fast-food" talent introduction and disorderly competition, pay attention to overall coordination, and avoid the duplicate construction, overcapacity, and project abandonment caused by "going all out with great fanfare." Except for a few core technologies, fair competition among regions should be achieved through the full flow of factors, achieving survival of the fittest through the competitive process of the market economy, which sifts the wheat from the chaff.

构建竞争驱动机制。竞争是推动创新升级的催化剂。要在完善公平竞争制度基础上，尽量促进竞争，而不是妨碍竞争，要及时纠正利用利益、权力限制、排除竞争的行为。要优化市场竞争状况评估体系，让市场在资源配置和创新过程中真正发挥基础性作用。要实行更具竞争力的人才吸引制度，避免“快餐式”引才、无序竞争，注意统筹协调，避免“大干快上”引发的重复建设、产能过剩和项目烂尾。除了少数的核心技术以外，要通过要素的充分流动，实现各地区的公平竞争，在市场经济大浪淘沙的竞争过程中实现优胜劣汰。

Build a policy support mechanism. It is necessary to continuously optimize the income distribution system that fully reflects the value of innovative factors such as knowledge and technology. In line with national strategic needs and long-term demands, various talent cultivation, introduction, and support plans should be appropriately tilted towards young talents. According to the characteristics of different fields and regions, allocate innovation resources such as funds and projects, and provide targeted support. It is necessary to improve the classified evaluation of scientific research talents in different fields, and improve the evaluation system oriented towards innovation capability contribution. It is necessary to improve the developmental incentive system, reflect the value of key positions and individual contributions, and increase the distribution weight of knowledge value; it is necessary to provide guarantees in supply-oriented policies such as talent housing and settlement, spouse placement, and children's education, truly achieving respect for labor, respect for knowledge, respect for talent, and respect for creation.

构建政策支持机制。要不断优化充分体现知识、技术等创新要素价值的收益分配制度。结合国家战略需要和长远需求，将各类人才培养、引进、支持计划适度向青年人才倾斜。根据不同领域区域特点，分配资金项目等创新资源配套，有针对性地予以支持。要健全不同领域科研人才分类评价，完善以创新能力贡献为导向的评价体系。要完善发展性激励制度，体现关键岗位和个人贡献的价值，增加知识价值的分配权重；要在人才住房安居、配偶安置、子女教育等供给型政策上提供保障，真正做到尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造。

4. Enhance the Social Synergy of Collaborative Innovation

4.增强协同创新的社会合力

Cultivating the innovative spirit of Chinese-path modernization requires committing to achieving cross-disciplinary, cross-organizational, cross-level, and cross-field team cooperation through overall planning, coordinated operations, and systematic tackling, cultivating the team spirit of collaborative innovation, and enhancing the social synergy of collaborative innovation.

培育中国式现代化的创新精神，要致力于通过统筹布局、协同作战、体系化攻关，实现跨学科、跨组织、跨层级、跨领域的团队合作，培育协同创新的团队精神，增强协同创新的社会合力。

Building consensus on collaborative innovation is the prerequisite. Through public opinion guidance, equal exchange, and dialogue and consultation, guide various innovation subjects such as the government, market, and society to establish the idea of "a game of chess"[15]15 "A game of chess" (一盘棋) is a Chinese idiom meaning to view the whole situation as a single, coordinated effort, emphasizing unified planning and action. and reach a broad consensus on innovation and creation. It is necessary to make people fully understand the prominent scientific and technological bottlenecks facing China's development, leverage the organizational advantages of collaborative innovation under socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully understand the prominent advantages of collaborative innovation for solving major national and social problems and building an innovative country, and its value and significance for national social development, achieve conscious synergy among different innovation subjects, produce a multiplier effect, and promote the realization of expected goals with extraordinary synergy and speed.

凝聚协同创新共识是前提。要通过舆论引导、平等交流和对话协商，引导政府、市场和社会等各个创新主体树立“一盘棋”的思想，达成广泛的创新创造共识。要使人们充分认识我国发展面临的突出科技瓶颈，发挥中国特色社会主义协同创新的组织优势，充分认识协同创新对于解决国家和社会重大攻关问题和建设创新型国家的突出优势，对于国家社会发展的价值意义，实现不同创新主体的自觉协同，产生乘数效应，以超常规的协同力度和速度推动预期目标的实现。

Exploring the methods of collaborative innovation is the key. According to the overall requirement of coordinating education, science and technology, and talent as a "trinity" proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC,[16]16 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, where Xi Jinping delivered starting from the practical dimensions of goal synergy, subject synergy, and resource synergy, build a new pattern of collaborative innovation work that is diverse and unified, linked from top to bottom, coordinated left and right, and interconnected. Form a multi-subject collaborative innovation entity with clear primary and secondary roles and efficient collaboration, promote synergy between the central and local governments, between the government and the market, between leading enterprises and universities and research institutes, promote close cooperation and synergy among innovation subjects in government, industry, academia, research, and application, and form a clear division of labor and long-term cooperation mechanism. It is necessary to pay attention to the connection of talent cultivation across levels and stages of education, follow the laws of innovative talent cultivation, promote multi-disciplinary cross-integration, actively explore effective mechanisms for cross-field joint cultivation of high-quality composite talents, integrate cross-field and cross-organizational scientific research tackling forces, and form a strong synergy.

探索协同创新方式是重点。根据党的二十大报告提出的统筹教育、科技、人才“三位一体”总体要求，从目标协同、主体协同、资源协同的实践向度出发，构建多元统一、上下联动、左右协同、互相贯通的协同创新工作新格局。形成主次清晰、高效协作的多元协同创新主体，推动实现中央与地方协同、政府与市场协同、龙头企业与高校院所协同，推动政、产、学、研、用创新主体的密切合作与协同，形成明确分工与长效合作机制。要注重各层级、各学段人才培养的贯通，遵循创新人才培养的规律，推动多学科交叉融合，积极探索跨领域联合培养高素质复合型人才的有效机制，整合跨领域、跨组织的科研攻关力量，形成强大合力。

Improving the collaborative innovation organization system is the guarantee. Build a multi-level, multi-field, clearly responsible, and clearly divided collaborative innovation organizational structure. In terms of top-level design, organizational guarantee, innovation leadership, scientific evaluation, and ecological optimization, create an innovation system with enterprises as the main innovation body, universities and research institutes as the innovation source, innovative talents as the innovation support, achievement transformation as the innovation goal, and policy guidance as the innovation guarantee. Promote the deep integration of the talent chain, education chain, industrial chain, and innovation chain, focus on forward-looking basic research, applied key technologies, strategic leading technologies, and other fields, and form a key core technology tackling pattern with centralized and unified leadership of the Central Committee for tackling key core technologies, coordinated promotion and support from various departments, in-depth exploration and exchange among various regions, and linked innovation among various industries.

完善协同创新组织体系是保障。构建多层次、多领域、职责清晰、分工明确的协同创新组织架构，在顶层设计、组织保障、创新引领、科学评估以及优化生态方面，打造以企业为创新主体、以高校和科研院所为创新源头、以创新人才为创新支撑、以成果转化为创新目标、以政策引导为创新保障的创新体系，推动人才链、教育链、产业链、创新链深度融合，重点聚焦前瞻性基础研究、应用性关键技术、战略性引领技术等领域，形成中央对关键核心技术攻关的集中统一领导、各部门协同推进支持、各区域深入探索交流、各行业联动创新的关键核心技术攻坚格局。

(The author is an Associate Professor at the School of Marxism, Shenzhen University)

（作者系深圳大学马克思主义学院副教授）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁