The Value Dimensions and Cultivation Pathways of Nourishing College Students in the New Era with the CPC’s Spirit of Struggle

The spirit of struggle of the Communist Party of China contains rich theoretical connotations and is an indispensable core component of the Party’s spiritual lineage. As a key element in cultivating college students in the New Era, this spirit has always played a central guiding role. Historical practice has repeatedly proven that this spirit is an important driving force for social and historical development, with significant practical effectiveness and contemporary value. Therefore, organically integrating the Party’s spirit of struggle into the ideological and political education of college students holds profound and important significance for cultivating new-era individuals capable of shouldering the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, promoting comprehensive social progress, and realizing the all-round development of human beings.

中国共产党的奋斗精神蕴含着丰富的理论内涵，是党的精神谱系中不可或缺的核心组成部分。作为培育新时代大学生的关键要素，这一精神始终发挥着核心引领作用。历史实践不证明，这种精神是推动社会历史发展的重要动力，具有显著的实践成效和时代价值。因此，将党的奋斗精神有机融入大学生思想政治教育对于培育能够担当民族复兴大任的时代新人，促进社会全面进步和实现人的全面发展，具有深远而重要的意义。

I. An Explanation of the Connotation of the CPC’s Spirit of Struggle

一、中国共产党奋斗精神的内涵阐释

The spirit of struggle of the Communist Party of China is a political character forged through more than a century of practical exploration in revolution, construction, and reform. Its theoretical connotation can be systematically explained from three dimensions.

中国共产党的奋斗精神是在百余年革命、建设和改革的实践探索中淬炼形成的政治品格，其理论内涵可从三个维度进行系统性阐释。

1. The Dimension of Practical Rationality: The Character of Seeking Truth from Facts. The Marxist view of labor reveals the essential law that labor creates value, providing a practical philosophical foundation for the spirit of struggle. Marxist theory holds that “labor is the first basic condition of all human life,” [1]1 A reference to Friedrich Engels’s speech at Marx’s funeral, later codified in Marxist theory as a foundational statement on the role of labor in human existence. a thesis that establishes the ontological basis of the spirit of struggle. The Communist Party of China creatively transformed the Marxist view of labor into a practical guideline: during the period of the New Democratic Revolution, it stimulated peasants’ productive enthusiasm through land reform; during the period of socialist revolution and construction, it drove the industrialization process with the “Iron Man Spirit” [2]2 A campaign slogan from the 1960s, epitomized by the oil worker Wang Jinxi, symbolizing self-sacrifice and hard work in industrial construction.; during the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, it achieved economic takeoff with the “Special Zone Speed” [3]3 Refers to the rapid economic growth and policy experimentation in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, established in 1980 as a flagship of reform and opening up.; and in the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it leads high-quality development with the “Craftsman Spirit” [4]4 A concept promoted in the 2010s, emphasizing meticulous craftsmanship and continuous improvement in manufacturing and services, linked to high-quality development., integrating the spirit of struggle into every link of national development and making it a powerful force driving society forward. The essence of this pragmatic work style lies in consistently adhering to the dialectical materialist epistemology of “practice—cognition—re-practice,” unifying the goal of struggle with objective laws. It is a contemporary interpretation of the spirit of seeking truth from facts.

1.实践理性维度：实事求是的求实品格。马克思主义劳动观揭示了劳动创造价值的本质规律，为奋斗精神提供了实践哲学根基。马克思主义理论认为，“劳动是整个人类生活的第一个基本条件”，这一论断确立了奋斗精神的本体论基础。中国共产党将马克思主义劳动观创造性转化为实践准则，在新民主主义革命时期通过土地改革激发农民生产热情，在社会主义革命和建设时期以“铁人精神”推动工业化进程，在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期以“特区速度”实现经济腾飞，在中国特色社会主义新时代更是以“工匠精神”引领高质量发展，将奋斗精神融入国家发展的每一个环节，使之成为推动社会前进的强大动力。这种实干作风的本质，在于始终遵循“实践—认识—再实践”的辩证唯物主义认识论，将奋斗目标与客观规律相统一，是实事求是精神的时代诠释。

2. The Dimension of Dialectical Thinking: The Struggle Wisdom of Contradiction Transformation. The spirit of struggle contains a profound grasp of the law of contradiction in materialist dialectics. Mao Zedong, in *On Contradiction*, systematically elaborated on the relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions, providing methodological guidance for understanding the twists and turns of the struggle process. From the strategic shift of the Long March [5]5 The strategic retreat of the Chinese Red Army in 1934–1935 to evade encirclement by Nationalist forces, later mythologized as a foundational epic of the CPC’s resilience. to the institutional transition in reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China has always been adept at opening up new situations amidst crises, transforming the pressure of contradictions into momentum for development. This struggle wisdom is embodied in three levels: at the epistemological level, it insists on the unity of the “two-point theory” and the “key-point theory”; at the methodological level, it achieves the combination of principled firmness and strategic flexibility; and at the axiological level, it coordinates historical inevitability with subjective initiative. The strategic deployment of “targeted poverty alleviation” in the New Era’s battle against poverty is a vivid example of this dialectical thinking.

2.辩证思维维度：矛盾转化的斗争智慧。奋斗精神蕴含着对唯物辩证法矛盾规律的深刻把握。毛泽东在《矛盾论》中系统阐述了矛盾普遍性与特殊性的关系，为理解奋斗进程的曲折性提供了方法论指导。从长征这一战略转移到改革开放中的体制转轨，中国共产党始终善于在危局中开新局，将矛盾压力转化为发展动力。这种斗争智慧体现在三个层面：在认识论层面坚持“两点论”与“重点论”的统一，在方法论层面实现原则坚定性与策略灵活性的结合，在价值论层面达成历史必然性与主体能动性的协调。新时代脱贫攻坚战中“精准扶贫”的战略部署，正是这种辩证思维的鲜活例证。

3. The Dimension of Innovation Drive: The Consciousness of Change through Upholding Fundamentals and Breaking New Ground. The Party’s spirit of struggle manifests, in the historical dimension, as a dialectical unity of inheritance and innovation. Marxism holds that “men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please,” [6]6 A quotation from Karl Marx’s *The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte* (1852), emphasizing the constraints of historical conditions on human agency. a thesis that reveals the theoretical origin of the Communist Party of China’s methodology of upholding fundamentals and breaking new ground. From the exploration of the path of the New Democratic Revolution to the establishment of the socialist market economy system, from the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” [7]7 A Cold War-era project (1950s–1970s) to develop nuclear weapons (the “bombs”) and satellite technology, symbolizing technological self-reliance. scientific and technological innovation to the construction of “Digital China,” the Party’s spirit of struggle has always contained the trait of innovation. This innovative trait enables the spirit of struggle to both maintain the continuity of the red gene and possess an openness oriented toward the future.

3.创新驱动维度：守正创新的变革意识。党的奋斗精神在历史维度上呈现为继承性与创新性的辩证统一。马克思主义认为，“人们自己创造自己的历史，但是他们并不是随心所欲地创造”，这一论断揭示了中国共产党守正创新方法论的理论渊源。从新民主主义革命道路的探索到社会主义市场经济体制的建立，从“两弹一星”科技创新到“数字中国”建设，党的奋斗精神始终包含创新的特质。这种创新特质使奋斗精神既保持红色基因的赓续，又具有面向未来的开放性。

II. The Value Dimensions of Nourishing College Students in the New Era with the CPC’s Spirit of Struggle

二、以中国共产党奋斗精神涵养新时代大学生的价值向度

The inherent historical-philosophical implications, value-generation logic, and political-practical character of the Communist Party of China’s spirit of struggle constitute the theoretical coordinate system for shaping the values of college students in the New Era.

中国共产党的奋斗精神内在的历史哲学意蕴、价值生成逻辑与政治实践品格，构成了新时代大学生价值观塑造的理论坐标系。

1. Strengthening the Foundation of Historical Cognition for College Students in the New Era. Marxism emphasizes that the essence of historical cognition lies in grasping the objective laws of social existence through practice. The Communist Party of China’s spirit of struggle carries the collective memory of more than a century of modernization exploration. By systematically reviewing the historical logic of the three great leaps—the New Democratic Revolution, socialist construction, and reform and opening up—it enables college students to grasp the laws of movement of the principal contradiction in society [8]8 A core concept in Maoist and post-Maoist dialectics: the principal contradiction is the dominant social contradiction that determines the stage of historical development (e.g., in the New Era, it is defined as “the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life”). and form a dialectical cognition of the historical process. When college students examine their individual life trajectories within the coordinates of the Party’s more than a century of struggle, they can break through the limitations of a linear view of history, establish a cognition that unifies historical continuity and periodicity, and thereby resist the cognitive risk of historical nihilism deconstructing collective memory.

1.筑牢新时代大学生历史认知根基。马克思主义强调，历史认知的本质在于通过实践把握社会存在的客观规律。中国共产党的奋斗精神承载着百余年现代化探索的集体记忆，通过系统梳理新民主主义革命、社会主义建设、改革开放三次伟大飞跃的历史逻辑，可使大学生把握社会基本矛盾运动规律，形成对历史进程的辩证认知。当大学生将个体生命历程置于党的百余年奋斗坐标中审视时，便能突破线性历史观的局限，建立起历史连续性与阶段性相统一的认知，从而抵御历史虚无主义解构集体记忆的认知风险。

2. Calibrating the Value Coordinate System for College Students in the New Era. The value-nurturing function of the Party’s spirit of struggle is embodied in the dynamic balancing mechanism between individual value and social value. The essence of the human being, in its reality, is the ensemble of all social relations; the realization of individual value must be placed within the macro-field of social and historical development. The Communist Party of China’s spirit of struggle, by reconstructing the value connection between the “small self” and the “big self,” theoretically resolves the integration problem of instrumental rationality and value rationality. The value pluralism dilemma faced by contemporary college students is essentially a manifestation of the alienation of subjective value by the logic of capital. The Party’s spirit of struggle, by awakening historical subject consciousness, can rebuild the practical foundation for value choice, enabling new-era individuals to achieve value self-awareness in the unity of material pursuit and spiritual transcendence.

2.校准新时代大学生价值坐标体系。党的奋斗精神的价值涵育功能体现在个人价值与社会价值的动态平衡机制中。人的本质在其现实性上是一切社会关系的总和，个体价值实现必须置于社会历史发展的宏观场域。中国共产党的奋斗精神通过重构“小我”与“大我”的价值联结方式，在理论上解决了工具理性与价值理性的整合难题。当代大学生面临的价值多元困境，实质是资本逻辑对主体价值的异化表征，而党的奋斗精神通过唤醒历史主体意识，能够重建价值选择的实践根基，使时代新人在物质追求与精神超越的统一中实现价值自觉。

3. Strengthening the Political Identity Consciousness of College Students in the New Era. The formation of political identity requires a dialectical process of cognitive internalization, emotional resonance, and practical externalization. The political-nurturing function of the Communist Party of China’s spirit of struggle is embodied in the reproduction mechanism of ideological discourse. At the level of the symbolic system, it transforms Party history narratives into the discourse system of college students; at the level of emotional structure, it awakens the emotional resonance of collective memory through red culture; at the level of practical models, it transforms institutional advantages into the conscious political participation of college students, enabling political identity to break through the unidirectional indoctrination model and achieve dynamic construction in intergenerational dialogue and cultural transmission. When college students understand the institutional rationality of socialism with Chinese characteristics in theoretical study, feel the emotional temperature of the red gene in cultural experience, and verify the political efficacy of the Party’s leadership in practical participation, they can complete the self-construction of political identity in value resonance and behavioral resonance.

3.强化新时代大学生政治认同意识。政治认同的形成需要经历认知内化、情感共鸣、实践外化的辩证过程。中国共产党奋斗精神的政治涵育功能，体现为意识形态话语的再生产机制。在符号系统层面，将党史叙事转化为大学生话语体系；在情感结构层面，通过红色文化唤醒集体记忆的情感共振；在实践模式层面，将制度优势转化为大学生政治参与的自觉行动，使政治认同突破单向灌输模式，在代际对话与文化传承中实现动态建构。当大学生在理论研习中理解中国特色社会主义的制度理性，在文化体验中感知红色基因的情感温度，在实践参与中验证党的领导的政治效能时，便能在价值共鸣与行为共振中完成政治认同的自我建构。

III. Cultivation Pathways for Nourishing College Students in the New Era with the CPC’s Spirit of Struggle

三、以中国共产党奋斗精神涵养新时代大学生的培育路径

In the field of higher education, systematically integrating the Party’s spirit of struggle can effectively construct an education system for comprehensive development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics, and labor, providing value guidance and practical pathways for cultivating new-era individuals capable of shouldering the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

在高等教育场域中，通过系统性融入党的奋斗精神，能够有效构建德智体美劳全面发展的育人体系，为培养担当民族复兴大任的时代新人提供价值引领与实践路径。

1. Using the Spirit of Struggle to Help College Students in the New Era “Nourish Virtue.” The essence of integrating the Party’s spirit of struggle into moral education lies in achieving the unity of value guidance and behavioral modeling. From a theoretical logic perspective, the elements contained in the Party’s spiritual lineage—such as ideals and beliefs, the people-centered stance, and the practical character—provide a complete value coordinate system for shaping college students’ values. Higher education institutions should construct an educational framework that connects history, the present, and the future, using the Party’s struggle process as a thread to guide students in tracing the spiritual source in history, feeling the spiritual power in the present, and practicing the spiritual mission in the future. In the historical dimension, by recreating the scenes of the Party’s struggle at different historical stages—such as the tenacity of the Red Army’s Long March and the heroism of the War of Resistance—students can intuitively feel the great power of the spirit of struggle and understand its profound connotation. In the dimension of the present, focusing on the struggle practices of the New Era, using the responsibility of Party cadres in targeted poverty alleviation and breakthroughs in the field of scientific and technological innovation as cases, it analyzes the vivid embodiment of the spirit of struggle in contemporary times, enabling students to grasp its practical significance. The future dimension emphasizes guiding students to integrate their personal ideals into the great journey of national rejuvenation, inspiring them to be driven by mission and form a value self-awareness of active responsibility.

1.以奋斗精神助新时代大学生“润德”。党的奋斗精神融入德育的本质在于实现价值引领与行为范导的统一。从理论逻辑看，党的精神谱系中蕴含的理想信念、人民立场、实践品格等要素，为大学生价值观塑造提供了完整的价值坐标系。高校应构建贯通历史、现实与未来的教育框架，以党的奋斗历程为线索，引导学生在历史中追溯精神源头，在现实中感悟精神力量，在未来中践行精神使命。历史维度上，通过再现党在不同历史阶段的奋斗场景，如红军长征的坚韧、抗战时期的英勇，让学生直观感受奋斗精神的伟大力量，理解其深厚内涵。现实维度中，聚焦新时代的奋斗实践，以脱贫攻坚中党员干部的担当、科技创新领域的突破为案例，解析奋斗精神在当代的鲜活体现，使学生领悟其现实意义。未来维度则着重引导学生将个人理想融入民族复兴的伟大征程，激发他们以使命为驱动，形成主动担当的价值自觉。

2. Using the struggle spirit to help college students in the New Era “increase wisdom.” The empowerment of the Party’s struggle spirit for intellectual education is embodied in the dual enhancement of knowledge construction and innovation capacity. The Party’s struggle history is a historical practice of pursuing truth and breaking through innovation; the methodology of “seeking truth from facts” and the spirit of “independent innovation” it contains provide dual support for empowering intellectual education. At the level of knowledge construction, the Party’s struggle history, by decoding the cognitive cycle “from practice to theory,” offers students a paradigm for dynamic knowledge generation. For example, the road innovation of “encircling the cities from the countryside” during the Agrarian Revolutionary War period was a revolutionary path suited to China’s national conditions, starting from China’s actual conditions and breaking through dogmatism. This process of sublimation from practice to theory provides students with a vivid learning example, helping them understand the logic of knowledge generation. At the level of innovation capacity cultivation, cases can be used to guide students in extracting patterns from complex problems. In concrete practice, the Party’s struggle spirit can be integrated into the “problem-chain design” of curriculum-based ideological and political education. For instance, in an artificial intelligence course, introduce the reverse-thinking training of the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” spirit, allowing students to experience the spirit of independent innovation of older-generation scientists under difficult conditions while learning technology; in innovation and entrepreneurship education, embed the case of institutional breakthrough in the “Xiaogang Village contract,” enabling students to understand the courage of reformers to explore in adversity while learning entrepreneurial knowledge. Through these concrete and vivid teaching practices, students, in the dialogue between history and reality, not only reconstruct their cognitive structures but also achieve a leap in innovation capacity.

2.以奋斗精神助新时代大学生“增智”。党的奋斗精神对智育的赋能体现在知识建构与创新能力的双重提升。党的奋斗历程是追求真理、突破创新的历史实践，其蕴含的“实事求是”方法论与“自主创新”精神为智育赋能提供了双重支撑。在知识建构层面，党的奋斗史通过解码“从实践到理论”的认知循环，为学生提供了动态知识生成的范式。例如，土地革命战争时期“农村包围城市”的道路创新，就是从中国实际出发，突破教条主义，找到的一条适合中国国情的革命道路。这种从实践到理论的升华过程，为学生提供了鲜活的学习范例，帮助他们理解知识的生成逻辑。在创新能力培养层面，可通过案例引导学生在复杂问题中提炼规律。在具体实践中，可以将党的奋斗精神融入课程思政的“问题链设计”。比如，在人工智能课程中，引入“两弹一星”精神的逆向思维训练，让学生在学习技术的同时，体会老一辈科学家在艰苦条件下自主创新的精神；在创新创业教育中，嵌入“小岗村契约”的制度突破案例，让学生在学习创业知识的同时，理解改革者在困境中勇于探索的勇气。通过这些具体而生动的教学实践，学生在历史与现实的对话中，不仅重构了认知结构，还实现了创新能力的跃迁。

3. Using the struggle spirit to help college students in the New Era “strengthen the body.” Using the Party’s struggle spirit to help the new generation “strengthen the body” is a key pathway for transforming spiritual strength into physical practice. The traits of indomitability and unity and cooperation contained in the Party’s struggle spirit provide deep spiritual support for physical education. At the practical level, physical education needs to be upgraded from mere physiological training to personality shaping; by integrating the struggle spirit into physical education teaching, a dual enhancement of willpower and collective consciousness can be achieved. For example, design red-themed physical fitness training courses, using the Long March spirit to inspire students to break through physical limits and cultivate tenacious will; by telling the struggle stories of athletes winning glory for the country on the international stage, organically combine patriotic sentiment with the sports spirit. This pathway of “strengthening the body with spirit” not only enhances students’ athletic skills but also forges a spiritual character of fearing no difficulty and striving in unity, making physical education an important carrier for inheriting the struggle spirit.

3.以奋斗精神助新时代大学生“强体”。以党的奋斗精神助时代新人“强体”，是将精神力量转化为身体实践的关键路径。党的奋斗精神蕴含的百折不挠、团结协作等特质，为体育教育提供了深层精神支撑。在实践层面，体育育人需从单纯生理训练升级为人格塑造，通过将奋斗精神融入体育教学，实现意志品质与集体意识的双重提升。例如，设计红色主题的体能训练课程，以长征精神激励学生突破体能极限，培养坚韧意志；通过讲述运动员在国际赛场上为国争光的奋斗故事，将爱国情怀与体育精神有机结合。这种“以精神强体魄”的路径，不仅提升了学生的运动技能，更锻造了不畏艰难、团结奋进的精神品格，使体育教育成为传承奋斗精神的重要载体。

4. Using the struggle spirit to help college students in the New Era “cultivate beauty.” Using the Party’s struggle spirit to help the new generation “cultivate beauty” is a key pathway for transforming revolutionary aesthetic resources into the value of aesthetic education. The beauty of ideals, the beauty of dedication, and the beauty of creation contained in the Party’s struggle history provide unique aesthetic resources for aesthetic education. The uniqueness of these resources lies in the combination of historical depth and contemporary tension, which can both evoke reverence for tradition and inspire longing for the future. In curriculum development, a content system with clear layers should be established, focusing on cultural creation and artistic expression in different historical periods, guiding students to discover artistic imagery in the struggle process, and cultivating students’ aesthetic ability and value judgment. The design of this content system needs to balance the relationship between historical classics and contemporary creation, enabling students to perceive the eternal value of spiritual inheritance and understand the contemporary innovation of aesthetic expression in art appreciation. At the practical level, a complete aesthetic education ecological chain needs to be constructed, covering links such as creation, exhibition, and dissemination. The development of themed creative activities can stimulate students’ subjective initiative to interpret the connotation of the struggle spirit using diverse art forms, guiding students to achieve a simultaneous enhancement of aesthetic literacy and spiritual realm in artistic practice.

4.以奋斗精神助新时代大学生“育美”。以党的奋斗精神助时代新人“育美”，是将革命美学资源转化为审美教育价值的关键路径。党的奋斗历程中蕴含的理想之美、奉献之美、创造之美，为美育提供了独特的美学资源。这种资源的独特性在于其历史厚度与现实张力的结合，既能唤起对传统的敬畏，又能激发对未来的憧憬。在课程开发中，要建立层次分明的内容体系，聚焦不同历史时期的文化创造与艺术表达，引导学生发现奋斗历程中的艺术意象，培养学生的审美能力与价值判断力。这种内容体系的设计，需要平衡历史经典与时代创造的关系，使学生在艺术鉴赏中既能感悟精神传承的永恒价值，又能理解审美表达的当代创新。实践层面需构建完整的美育生态链，涵盖创作、展示、传播等环节。主题创作活动的开展，能够激发学生用多元艺术形式诠释奋斗精神内涵的主观能动性，引导学生在艺术实践中实现审美素养与精神境界的同步提升。

5. Using the struggle spirit to help college students in the New Era “value labor.” The Party’s struggle history has always been permeated with the value orientation of respecting labor and advocating practical work, which provides deep spiritual nourishment and practical guidance for labor education. In labor education, the Party’s struggle spirit should be integrated into labor practice, enabling students to perceive the value and meaning of labor through hands-on practice. On the one hand, by carrying out practical activities such as productive labor and volunteer service, students experience the hardship and joy of labor in real situations, cultivating simple feelings of respecting and loving labor; on the other hand, by combining the Party’s struggle history and telling the touching stories of model workers, such as the struggle stories of Wang Jinxi and Jiao Yulu, students understand that labor is not only a means of making a living but also an important way to realize personal value and social progress. At the same time, combine labor education with professional learning, encouraging students to carry forward the struggle spirit and practical spirit in academic research and technological innovation, thereby promoting knowledge transformation and social service. Through such educational pathways, students can not only master labor skills but also form values of respecting labor and advocating practical work in struggle, laying a solid foundation for growing into comprehensively developed socialist builders and successors.

5.以奋斗精神助新时代大学生“尚劳”。党的奋斗历程始终贯穿着尊重劳动、崇尚实干的价值取向，这为劳动教育提供了深厚的精神滋养和实践指南。在劳动教育中，应将党的奋斗精神融入劳动实践，使学生在动手实践中感悟劳动的价值与意义。一方面，通过开展生产劳动、志愿服务等实践活动，让学生在真实情境中体验劳动的艰辛与喜悦，培养尊重劳动、热爱劳动的朴素情感；另一方面，结合党的奋斗历史，讲述劳动模范的感人事迹，如王进喜、焦裕禄等人的奋斗故事，使学生理解劳动不仅是谋生的手段，更是实现个人价值与社会进步的重要途径。同时，将劳动教育与专业学习相结合，鼓励学生在学术研究、科技创新中发扬奋斗精神和实干精神，从而推动知识转化与社会服务。通过这样的教育路径，学生不仅能够掌握劳动技能，更能在奋斗中形成尊重劳动、崇尚实干的价值观，为成长为全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人奠定坚实基础。

(The authors are, respectively, the Secretary of the Youth League Committee of the College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University; and a professor and doctoral supervisor at the College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University)

（作者系东北农业大学工程学院团委书记；东北农业大学工程学院教授、博士生导师）

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁