Artificial Intelligence Empowers the Transformation of the Teaching Paradigm of Ideological and Political Education

The development of artificial intelligence technology is reshaping the logic of social operation and people’s modes of production and life through an all-round technological revolution, and it also provides an opportunity for the transformation of the teaching paradigm of ideological and political education, which is at a critical period of modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “China attaches great importance to the profound impact of artificial intelligence on education, and actively promotes the deep integration of artificial intelligence and education to promote educational reform and innovation.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education, 2019. The proposal for the 15th Five-Year Plan [2]2 The 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) is China’s national economic and social development plan for that period, proposed in 2025. states that the “AI+” action will be fully implemented, “seizing the commanding heights of AI industry application and empowering all industries in an all-round way.”

人工智能技术的发展，正以全方位技术革命重塑社会运行逻辑与人们的生产生活方式，也为处于现代化转型关键期的思想政治教育教学范式提供了变革契机。习近平总书记强调，“中国高度重视人工智能对教育的深刻影响，积极推动人工智能和教育深度融合，促进教育变革创新”。“十五五”规划建议提出，全面实施“人工智能+”行动，“抢占人工智能产业应用制高点，全方位赋能千行百业”。

Promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and ideological and political education and empowering the systematic transformation of the teaching paradigm is an important path for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing people [3]3 “Fostering virtue and nurturing people” (立德树人) is a core educational principle of the CPC, emphasizing moral cultivation as the foundation of talent development. in the New Era. The “Education Powerhouse Construction Plan Outline (2024–2035)” [4]4 A central policy document issued in 2024 outlining China’s strategy to become a global leader in education by 2035. issued by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council proposes to promote the deep integration of ideological and political work with information technology and to create a distinctive brand of online ideological and political education. This clarifies the practical direction of the integration of AI and ideological and political education, no longer limiting technological empowerment to scattered tool applications, but moving toward a full-chain, deep-level integration. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [5]5 The 18th National Congress of the CPC, held in 2012, marked the beginning of the Xi Jinping era and the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. China has continuously promoted the digital transformation of education, fully integrating artificial intelligence into all elements and the entire process of education and teaching, accelerating the implementation of technology in the field of ideological and political education. Through measures such as building intelligent teaching platforms, developing virtual simulation scenarios, and constructing ideological and political case libraries, problems in traditional teaching such as time-space limitations, homogenized supply, and insufficient interaction have been gradually resolved. AI agents for ideological and political education have been promoted and implemented in many universities, covering application scenarios such as freshman enrollment and Party and Youth League building. The sense of the times and practical effectiveness of ideological and political education have been significantly enhanced, injecting strong new momentum into the construction of an education powerhouse.

推动人工智能与思想政治教育深度融合、赋能教学范式系统性变革，是新时代落实立德树人根本任务的重要路径。中共中央、国务院印发的《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035 年）》提出，推动思想政治工作与信息技术深度融合，打造网络思想政治教育特色品牌。这明确了人工智能与思政教育结合的实践方向，不再将技术赋能局限于零散的工具应用，而是朝着全链条、深层次的融合方向迈进。党的十八大以来，我国持续推进教育数字化转型，将人工智能全面融入教育教学全要素、全过程，加速了技术在思政教育领域的落地。通过搭建智能教学平台、开发虚拟仿真场景、构建思政案例库等举措，逐步解决了传统教学中时空受限、供给同质化、互动不足等问题。思政教育智能体在多所高校落地推广，覆盖新生入学、党团建设等应用场景，思想政治教育的时代感与实效性显著提升，为教育强国建设注入强劲新动能。

During the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan, with the full implementation of the “AI+” action, ideological and political education will face a development environment with deeper technological integration, higher requirements for nurturing people, and more complex security challenges, making the urgency of teaching paradigm transformation increasingly prominent. Any educational innovation system and measure will encounter new problems and new challenges. Technological empowerment makes human-machine collaboration the norm in ideological and political teaching, while also placing higher demands on the rationality and standardization of value guidance. New situations such as cross-platform data flow and autonomous decision-making by algorithm models further highlight risks such as data leakage, algorithm bias, and content compliance, bringing new security tests to ideological and political education. To this end, it is necessary to both support basic theoretical research and key technology research and development of artificial intelligence, promote the construction of infrastructure such as training data resources and computing power, and improve ethical norms, strengthen risk monitoring, assessment, and security supervision, and promote the healthy development of AI applications. Strictly implement data classification and hierarchical management requirements, implement full-cycle control over data such as students’ ideological dynamics and learning trajectories, and standardize the entire process of data collection, storage, and use. Establish a pre-review and dynamic calibration mechanism for algorithm applications to avoid value deviations dominated by algorithms, ensuring that technological applications always revolve around the core orientation of “fostering virtue and nurturing people.”

“十五五”时期，随着“人工智能+”行动全面实施，思想政治教育迎来技术融合更深、育人要求更高、安全挑战更复杂的发展环境，教学范式变革的紧迫性愈发凸显。任何一项教育创新制度和举措都会遇到新的问题和新的挑战，技术赋能让人机协同成为思政教学常态，同时也对价值引领的合理性、规范性提出更高要求。而数据跨平台流转、算法模型自主决策等新情况，也让数据泄露、算法偏见、内容合规性等风险进一步凸显，给思政教育带来新的安全考验。为此，既要支持人工智能基础理论研究和关键技术研发，推进训练数据资源、算力等基础设施建设，又要完善伦理规范，加强风险监测评估和安全监管，促进人工智能应用和健康发展。严格落实数据分级分类管理要求，对学生思想动态、学习轨迹等数据实行全周期管控，规范数据采集、存储、使用的全流程。针对算法应用建立前置审核与动态校准机制，规避算法主导下的价值偏差，确保技术应用始终围绕“立德树人”的核心导向。

Constructing a three-in-one integration system of “technology, content, and mechanism” is an inherent requirement for the transformation of the teaching paradigm of ideological and political education empowered by artificial intelligence, and it is also a fundamental strategy for improving the quality and effectiveness of nurturing people. Currently, the integration of AI and ideological and political education is moving from initial exploration with scattered pilots and tool adaptation to a critical stage of large-scale application and standardized promotion. Some universities have formed replicable cases, but overall problems remain, such as fragmented technology application, misalignment between content and demand, and poor mechanism connection. Simply relying on superimposing intelligent tools and supplementing ideological and political materials is difficult to solve. It is necessary to adhere to a systematic perspective, coordinate core elements such as technology, resources, and governance, and straighten out the logic of supply-demand docking and the entire process of operation, in order to break the misunderstanding of “emphasizing form over substance” in technology application, allowing AI to truly integrate into ideological and political teaching practice and serve the comprehensive development of people. On the new journey of the 15th Five-Year Plan, promoting the transformation of the teaching paradigm of ideological and political education requires adhering to the unity of dominance and subjectivity, firmly grasping the core direction of value guidance while meeting the actual needs of teachers and students at different educational stages and in different disciplines, optimizing technology supply and content design, improving platform adaptability and operability, and avoiding the problem of disconnection between body and use from the source. It is necessary to adhere to taking the national strategy as the guide, policy documents as the starting point, normative standards as the guarantee, and nurturing effectiveness as the foothold, improve the top-level design system, resource supply system, and security prevention and control system for the application of intelligent technology in ideological and political education, clarify the boundaries of technology application, content review standards, and mechanism operation processes, so that all work has rules to follow. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of “technology for good,” focus on the difficulties of technology implementation, optimize the functional design of smart platforms, break down data silos between different teaching scenarios and management departments, and realize the intelligentization of learning situation analysis, resource push, and evaluation feedback.

构建“技术、内容、机制”三位一体的融合体系，是人工智能赋能思想政治教育教学范式变革的题中应有之义，也是提升育人质效的治本之策。当前，人工智能与思政教育的融合正从零散试点、工具适配的初步探索，迈向规模化应用、规范化推进的关键阶段，部分高校形成了可复制案例，但整体仍存在技术应用碎片化、内容与需求错位、机制衔接不畅等问题。单纯依靠叠加智能工具、补充思政素材难以解决，须坚持系统观念，统筹技术、资源、治理等核心要素，理顺供需对接与全过程运行逻辑，才能破除技术应用中“重形式、轻实效”的误区，让人工智能真正融入思政教学实践，服务于人的全面发展。“十五五”新征程上，推动思想政治教育教学范式变革，要做到坚持主导性和主体性相统一，既牢牢把握价值引领的核心方向，又对接不同学段、不同学科师生的实际需求，优化技术供给与内容设计，提升平台适配性与可操作性，从源头上避免体用脱节的问题。要坚持以国家战略为先导、政策文本为抓手、规范标准为保障、育人实效为落脚点，完善思政教育智能技术应用的顶层设计体系、资源供给体系、安全防控体系，明确技术应用边界、内容审核标准、机制运行流程，让各项工作有章可循。要坚持“科技向善”原则，聚焦技术落地难点，优化智慧平台功能设计，打通不同教学场景、管理部门数据壁垒，实现学情分析、资源推送、评价反馈的智能化。

Relying on the system integration advantages of the smart education stage to build a comprehensive ecology of ideological and political teaching is the core direction of the transformation of the teaching paradigm of ideological and political education empowered by artificial intelligence. During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, [6]6 The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) is China’s national development plan for that period. China’s education digital development has moved from single-point exploration and local application to the “smart education” stage of system integration and comprehensive deepening. The empowerment during the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan will focus more on full-domain synergy. By integrating the National Smart Education Platform, university local intelligent systems, and social ideological and political resource libraries, a smart ideological and political ecological system of “data interoperability, resource sharing, and scenario linkage” will be constructed, effectively integrating the “small classroom” of ideological and political education with the “big classroom” of society. First, build a hierarchical and classified resource supply system. According to the needs of different educational stages and disciplines, sort out national platform high-quality courses, university local materials, red resources, and enterprise cases to form a dynamically updated resource pool, which not only ensures the sinking and sharing of high-quality resources but also meets personalized teaching needs. Second, build a safety bottom line for data interoperability. Build a unified data middle platform, clarify interface standards, and integrate academic performance.

依托智慧教育阶段的系统集成优势，构建思政教学全域生态，是人工智能赋能思想政治教育教学范式变革的核心方向。“十四五”期间，我国教育数字化发展已经从单点探索、局部应用迈向了系统集成和全面深化的“智慧教育”阶段。“十五五”时期的赋能更将侧重全域协同，通过整合国家智慧教育平台、高校本地智能系统、社会思政资源库，构建“数据互通、资源共享、场景联动”的智慧思政生态体系，把思政教育“小课堂”和社会“大课堂”有效融合。一是搭建分层分类的资源供给体系。按不同学段、学科需求，梳理国家平台精品课程、高校本土素材、红色资源及企业案例，形成动态更新的资源池，既保障优质资源下沉共享，又满足个性化教学需求。二是筑牢数据互通的安全底线。搭建统一数据中台，明确接口标准，整合学业表现。

Innovating a new model of human-machine collaborative teaching is the key to empowerment. In 2025, the “Opinions on Deeply Implementing the ‘AI+’ Action” issued by the State Council proposed integrating artificial intelligence into all elements and the entire process of education and teaching, and innovating new models of human-machine collaborative education and teaching such as intelligent learning companions and intelligent teachers. Whether it is the “Qingxiaoda” intelligent learning companion created by Tsinghua University, the “Aihuadao” ideological and political AI agent developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology, or the “Chengdianxin Partner” AI comprehensive agent launched by the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, a paradigm shift from “teacher one-way lecturing” to “human-machine collaborative guidance and student independent inquiry” has been realized, and “human-machine collaboration” has become a new symbol of improving the quality and efficiency of ideological and political teaching. It should also be noted that this new model faces challenges such as inaccurate calibration of core values, shallow integration of technology and teaching, and uneven allocation of regional resources. It is necessary to rely on a dedicated ideological and political corpus to optimize model training logic, screen high-quality materials that meet the needs of value guidance, establish a content pre-review and dynamic calibration mechanism, eliminate value deviations dominated by algorithms, and ensure that intelligent tools always serve as auxiliary carriers for transmitting correct guidance. It is necessary to deepen the deep integration of technology and teaching, promote the connection of intelligent tools with the key and difficult points and practical links of ideological and political courses, and guide teachers to transform from “tool users” to “teaching integration designers.” It is necessary to give full play to the “leading goose” effect of AI’s strong spillover drive, build a cross-school high-quality resource sharing platform, establish a dedicated ideological and political corpus, and optimize model training. And incorporate human-machine collaborative teaching capabilities into the teacher training system, combine the characteristics of ideological and political teaching to carry out practical drills and case discussions, enhance teachers’ ability to use AI to optimize teaching design and judge students’ ideological dynamics, and achieve the resonance of technological empowerment and value guidance at the same frequency.

创新人机协同教学新模式是赋能关键。2025年国务院印发的《关于深入实施“人工智能+”行动的意见》提出，把人工智能融入教育教学全要素、全过程，创新智能学伴、智能教师等人机协同教育教学新模式。不论是清华大学打造的“清小搭”智能学伴、华中科技大学开发的“爱华导”思政智能体，还是电子科技大学上线的“成电芯伙伴”AI综合智能体，已实现从“教师单向讲授”到“人机协同引导、学生自主探究”的范式转型，“人机协同”成为思政教学提质增效的新标识。也要看到，这种新模式面临着核心价值校对失准、技术与教学融合不深、区域资源配置不均等挑战。要以思政专属语料库为支撑，优化模型训练逻辑，筛选贴合价值引领需求的优质素材，建立内容前置审核与动态校准机制，杜绝算法主导下的价值偏差，让智能工具始终成为传递正确导向的辅助载体。要深化技术与教学深度融合，推动智能工具与思政课重难点、实践环节衔接，引导教师从“工具使用者”转变为“教学融合设计者”。要充分发挥人工智能强溢出带动的“头雁”效应，搭建跨校优质资源共享平台，建立思政专属语料库，优化模型训练。并将人机协同教学能力纳入教师培训体系，结合思政教学特点开展实操演练与案例研讨，提升教师运用AI优化教学设计、研判学生思想动态的能力，实现技术赋能与价值引领同频共振。

(The authors are a professor at the School of Government, University of International Business and Economics, and a specially appointed researcher at the Shandong Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.)

（作者系对外经济贸易大学政府管理学院教授；山东省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员）