Penetrating the Entire Cycle of Education with a “Broad View of Employment”

The number of graduates from regular institutions of higher education nationwide for the class of 2026 is projected to reach 12.7 million, an increase of 480,000 over the previous year, setting another historical high. This year’s *Government Work Report* proposed promoting high-quality and full employment, and emphasized “formulating employment support policies for young people such as college graduates.”

2026届全国普通高校毕业生规模预计达1270万人，同比增加48万人，再创历史新高。今年《政府工作报告》提出，促进高质量充分就业，并强调“制定高校毕业生等青年就业支持政策”。

At present, China is at the moment of initiating the implementation of the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan [1]1 The 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) is China’s national economic and social development plan.. The development of new quality productive forces is accumulating powerful momentum for advancing high-quality development. New quality productive forces set higher standards for workers’ knowledge structures, innovation capabilities, and comprehensive competencies. As an important hub for the supply-demand match of talent, spring recruitment directly reflects the real market demand for compound talents and top-notch innovative talents. Facing this trend, institutions of higher education, as the main front for cultivating high-level talent, must proactively adapt to the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, integrate the transmission of specialized knowledge with the enhancement of comprehensive qualities, effectively strengthen the adaptability and support of talent cultivation for the development of new quality productive forces, and consolidate the foundation for high-quality and full employment through a comprehensive leap in the quality of talent cultivation.

当前，我国正处于“十五五”规划纲要启动实施之际，新质生产力的发展正积聚起推动高质量发展的强大动能。新质生产力对劳动者的知识结构、创新能力和综合素养提出了更高标准。春季招聘作为人才供需对接的重要枢纽，直观反映出就业市场对复合型人才、拔尖创新人才的现实渴求。面对这一趋势，高校作为高层次人才培养主阵地，必须主动顺应新一轮科技革命和产业变革，将专业知识传授与综合素质提升融为一体，切实增强人才培养对新质生产力发展的适应性与支撑力，以人才培养质量的全面跃升夯实高质量充分就业的根基。

Penetrating the Entire Process: Opening Up the Full Chain of Employment

贯穿全程：打通就业全链条

Facing the rapidly changing job market and the strategic requirement of building a talent-strong nation, institutions of higher education must reverse the traditional mindset that narrows employment work down to “graduation season job promotion,” and firmly establish a “broad view of employment” that penetrates the entire cycle of enrollment, cultivation, further study, and career development. The essence of this concept lies in moving the consideration of employment quality forward to the starting point of talent cultivation, making it a core link.

面对快速变迁的就业市场与建设人才强国的战略要求，高校须扭转将就业工作窄化为“毕业季推介”的传统思维，牢固树立贯穿招生、培养、深造及职业发展全周期的“大就业观”。这一理念的实质，在于将就业质量的考量前置至人才培养的起点，成为其核心环节。

On the one hand, the internal closed loop of “enrollment—cultivation—employment” must be opened up. At the intake end, the formulation of enrollment plans needs to closely align with national strategic needs and the trends of economic and social development, achieving precise matching of supply and demand. At the cultivation end, attention should be paid to guiding students to integrate personal interests into the frontiers of science and technology and industrial transformation, making career competence an important yardstick for educational and teaching reform. At the evaluation end, it is necessary to shift away from excessive reliance on the “initial employment rate,” introduce employer feedback and third-party evaluations, establish a long-term tracking mechanism for graduate development, and take graduates’ job-role fit, salary growth potential, and social contribution as key indicators for testing the quality of school operation.

一方面，要打通“招生—培养—就业”的内在闭环。在入口端，招生计划的制定需紧密对接国家战略需求与经济社会发展趋势，实现供需的精准匹配。在培养端，应注重引导学生将个人志趣融入科技前沿与产业变革，使职业胜任力成为教育教学改革的重要标尺。在评价端，则需转变对“初次就业率”的过度依赖，引入用人单位反馈与第三方评价，建立毕业生发展的长效跟踪机制，将毕业生的岗位适配度、薪酬增长潜力以及社会贡献度作为检验办学水平的关键指标。

On the other hand, a future-oriented lifelong education orientation should be established. Facing the accelerating reality of industrial iteration, “whole-process education” covers not only the period within the academic system but also empowerment for long-term development. Institutions of higher education should focus on cultivating students’ awareness of lifelong learning, guiding them to transcend the traditional view of “choosing a career once and for life.” In curriculum design and teaching evaluation, the weighting of critical thinking and autonomous learning ability can be increased, enabling students to truly master the ability to adapt to unknown fields and cope with complex challenges, thereby maintaining core competitiveness throughout their long-term careers.

另一方面，确立面向未来的终身育人导向。面对产业迭代不断加速的现实，“全程育人”不仅涵盖学制之内，更包括对长远发展的赋能。高校应注重培养学生的终身学习意识，引导其超越“一次择业定终身”的传统观点。在课程设置和教学评价中，可加大对批判性思维和自主学习能力的考查权重，使学生真正掌握适应未知领域、应对复杂挑战的能力，从而在长远的职业生涯中保持核心竞争力。

Breaking Down Barriers: Reshaping New Cultivation Mechanisms

打破壁垒：重塑培养新机制

The characteristic of new quality productive forces lies in innovation, and the key lies in high quality. This objectively requires institutions of higher education to break down barriers between traditional disciplines and vigorously cultivate compound innovative talents.

新质生产力的特征在于创新，关键在于质优，这客观上要求高校打破传统学科之间的壁垒，大力培养复合型创新人才。

On the one hand, institutions of higher education should further improve the dynamic adjustment and rapid response mechanism for academic disciplines and specialties. Closely aligning with major national strategies and regional leading industries, they should accelerate the layout of frontier interdisciplinary disciplines such as artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, biomedicine, and new energy, and deeply advance the construction of “new engineering, new medicine, new agriculture, and new liberal arts.” [2]2 “New engineering, new medicine, new agriculture, and new liberal arts” is a Chinese policy initiative to reform higher education disciplines in response to technological and industrial change. At the same time, they should explore offering “micro-majors” and interdisciplinary minor degree programs, granting students more institutional flexibility for cross-boundary learning, and systematically transform and upgrade traditional specialties with the help of digital and intelligent technologies.

一方面，高校应进一步完善学科专业动态调整与快速响应机制。紧密对接国家重大战略和区域主导产业，加快布局人工智能、集成电路、生物制造、新能源等前沿交叉学科，深入推进“新工科、新医科、新农科、新文科”建设。同时，探索开设“微专业”和跨学科辅修学位，赋予学生更多跨界学习的制度弹性，并借助数字化、智能化技术对传统专业进行系统性的改造与升级。

On the other hand, “additions” need to be made in teaching content and cultivation mechanisms. Extensively promote digital literacy and general education in artificial intelligence, organically integrate the concept of green development, engineering ethics, and innovation and entrepreneurship education into the professional curriculum system, and build a progressively layered core competency curriculum chain. In this process, the perspective of “enterprise visits for job expansion” should be expanded from a simple supply-demand match of positions to a comprehensive school-enterprise collaborative education. Relying on carriers such as modern industrial colleges and future technology colleges, real enterprise projects, R&D topics, and frontline industry mentors should be regularly introduced into classroom teaching. At the same time, significantly expand the scale of positions such as undergraduate research assistants and laboratory assistants, encourage students to “enter projects early, enter laboratories early, enter teams early,” and hone their ability to solve complex practical problems through “real combat” practice.

另一方面，需在教学内容与培养机制上做“加法”。广泛推进数字素养与人工智能通识教育，将绿色发展理念、工程伦理与创新创业教育有机融入专业课程体系，构建层层递进的核心素养课程链。在此过程中，要将“访企拓岗”的视野从单纯的岗位供需对接，拓展为全方位的校企协同育人。依托现代产业学院、未来技术学院等载体，将企业真实项目、研发课题及一线产业导师常态化引入课堂教学。同时，大幅扩大本科生科研助理、实验室助手等岗位规模，鼓励学生“早进课题、早进实验室、早进团队”，在“真刀真枪”实践中锤炼解决复杂实际问题的本领。

Dual-Wheel Drive: Soft and Hard Strengths Should Both Be Possessed

双轮驱动：软硬实力应兼备

Achieving high-quality employment requires graduates to possess comprehensive competitiveness that is “both soft and hard, and fully developed.” In this regard, institutions of higher education should strive to build a dual-wheel drive cultivation mechanism to comprehensively enhance students’ career competence.

实现高质量就业，要求毕业生具备“软硬兼备、全面发展”的综合竞争力。对此，高校应着力构建双轮驱动的培养机制，全面提升学生的职业胜任力。

In terms of forging “hard strength,” it is necessary to closely align with the strategic goal of building a modern industrial system. Through multiple pathways such as strengthening project-based learning based on real scenarios, supporting students’ participation in high-level academic competitions, aligning with industry authoritative certification systems, and building high-immersion virtual simulation experimental platforms, efforts should focus on enhancing students’ engineering practice ability, complex system problem-solving ability, and ability to rapidly transform new technologies. Especially in the face of profound changes brought by new technologies such as generative artificial intelligence, digital literacy should be made a “required course” for all students, with emphasis on strengthening their data analysis and human-machine collaboration capabilities in complex digital environments.

在“硬实力”锻造方面，需紧密对接建设现代化产业体系的战略目标，通过强化基于真实场景的项目式学习、支持学生参与高水平学科竞赛、对接行业权威认证体系、建设高沉浸感虚拟仿真实验平台等多种路径，着力提升学生的工程实践能力、复杂系统问题解决能力以及对新技术的快速转化能力。特别是面对生成式人工智能等新技术带来的深刻变革，应将数字素养作为全体学生的“必修课”，重点强化其在复杂数字环境下的数据分析与人机协同能力。

In the cultivation of “soft strength,” it is necessary to further improve the comprehensive quality evaluation system with the “second classroom transcript” [3]3 The “second classroom transcript” is a record of students’ extracurricular activities, used to assess comprehensive qualities beyond academic coursework. as the starting point. Through scientific assessment of students’ teamwork ability, stress resistance and frustration tolerance, and humanistic care spirit demonstrated in social practice, volunteer service, labor education, and mental health activities, special attention should be paid to cultivating students’ psychological resilience to cope with future workplace uncertainty. More importantly, it is necessary to deeply integrate ideological and political education with the guidance of career choice views, guiding young students to bear in mind the “great of the nation,” [4]4 “Great of the nation” (国之大者) is a Party expression referring to the most fundamental and important interests and affairs of the state. consciously integrate personal ideals and pursuits into the cause of the Party and the state, and actively encourage and support graduates to go to key areas urgently needed by the state, difficult and remote areas, and the grassroots level to make contributions.

在“软实力”涵育层面，需进一步完善以“第二课堂成绩单”为抓手的综合素质评价体系。通过科学评估学生在社会实践、志愿服务、劳动教育及心理健康活动中展现的团队协作能力、抗压耐挫能力与人文关怀精神，尤其注重培养学生应对未来职场不确定性的心理韧性。更重要的是，要将思想政治教育与择业观引领深度融合，引导青年学生胸怀“国之大者”，自觉把个人理想追求融入党和国家事业之中，积极鼓励并支持毕业生奔赴国家急需的重点领域、艰苦边远地区和基层一线建功立业。

Precise Services: Continuous Empowerment Throughout the Process

精准服务：全程赋能不断线

Facing personalized and diversified employment needs, the employment services of institutions of higher education need to fully shift from centralized promotion and activity organization during the graduation season to precise accompaniment and empowerment support covering the entire university process.

面向个性化、多元化的就业需求，高校就业服务需从毕业季的集中推介与活动组织，全面转向覆盖大学全程的精准化伴随与赋能支持。

Promote the front-loading and full-process integration of career education. Starting from freshman enrollment, carry out systematic career awakening and exploration education, help students establish clear self-awareness and an accurate understanding of the professional world as early as possible, guide them to scientifically plan their academic paths, and achieve a fundamental shift from passively responding to employment to actively planning their careers.

推进职业生涯教育的前置化与全程化。从新生入学起即开展系统性的生涯唤醒与探索教育，帮助学生尽早建立清晰的自我认知与对职业世界的准确理解，引导其科学规划学业路径，实现从被动应对就业向主动规划生涯的根本转变。

Strengthen the categorization and precision of employment guidance. For student groups with different career tendencies and characteristics, such as those “seeking stability” (e.g., civil servants, public institutions, state-owned enterprises), those “oriented toward innovation” (e.g., technology innovation enterprises, strategic emerging industries), and those “starting businesses,” provide differentiated, refined guidance services, skills training, and exclusive resource links, significantly enhancing the targeting and effectiveness of counseling.

强化就业指导的分类化与精准化。针对“求稳”（如公务员、事业单位、国有企业）、“向新”（如科技创新企业、战略性新兴产业）、“创业”等不同择业倾向与特点的学生群体，提供差异化、精细化的指导服务、技能培训与专属资源链接，大幅提升辅导的针对性与有效性。

Promote the diversification and ecologization of market development. Actively expand “new tracks” for employment such as strategic emerging industries, “specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative” enterprises, [5]5 “Specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative” (专精特新) enterprises are small and medium-sized firms that specialize in niche markets, have sophisticated technologies, produce unique products, and engage in innovation. and local key industrial clusters, establish long-term and stable cooperative relationships with high-quality human resources agencies, industrial parks, and industry associations, and jointly build a healthy and vibrant employment market ecosystem. At the same time, attach great importance to and standardize the guidance of “new forms of employment” and “flexible employment,” providing necessary policy interpretation and rights protection for graduates employed through platforms.

促进市场开拓的多样化与生态化。积极拓展战略性新兴产业、“专精特新”企业、地方重点产业集群等就业“新赛道”，与优质人力资源机构、产业园区、行业协会建立长期稳定的合作关系，共同构建健康、充满活力的就业市场生态。同时，高度重视并规范引导“新就业形态”与“灵活就业”，为依托平台就业的毕业生提供必要的政策解读与权益保障。

Promote the intelligent upgrade of empowerment and assistance work. Rely on big data technology to build a smart employment platform, establish “digital career portraits” for graduates, use algorithms to mine potential opportunities, achieve intelligent matching of job requirements with graduates’ job-seeking intentions, and realize a leap from “people looking for jobs” to “jobs looking for people.” For groups facing employment difficulties, strictly implement the “one student, one policy” digital ledger, [6]6 “One student, one policy” (一生一策) refers to a targeted, individualized support plan for each student facing employment difficulties. provide continuous, warm, and meticulous personalized consultation, skills enhancement, and job recommendation services, ensure that employment support and services are “uninterrupted,” and effectively secure the bottom line of employment.

推动赋能帮扶工作的智能化升级。依托大数据技术构建智慧就业平台，建立毕业生“数字职业画像”，运用算法挖掘潜在机会，实现岗位需求与毕业生求职意向的智能匹配，实现从“人找岗位”向“岗位找人”的跨越。针对就业困难群体，严格落实“一生一策”数字化台账，提供持续不断、温暖细致的个性化咨询、技能强化与岗位推荐服务，确保就业支持与服务“不断线”，切实兜牢就业底线。

(Author: Ning Depeng, Professor at the School of Economics and Management, Nanning Normal University, and Member of the First National Steering Committee for Employment and Entrepreneurship of Graduates from Regular Institutions of Higher Education under the Ministry of Education)

（作者：宁德鹏，系南宁师范大学经济与管理学院教授、教育部第一届全国普通高校毕业生就业创业指导委员会委员）