The Core and Characteristics of the New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

Science and technology are the primary productive forces. To study the development of productive forces and the transformation of the mode of production in the current era, the most fundamental task is to deeply grasp the essence, core, and characteristics of the new round of scientific and technological revolution. To study the essence, core, and characteristics of this new round of scientific and technological revolution, we must examine the development of information technology that has the significance of underlying technological architecture and infrastructure, which leads and dominates the new round of scientific and technological revolution. Over the past 20 years, information technology has achieved an unprecedented technological convergence, manifested in the mutual integration, promotion, and complementarity of information technologies formed in the 20th century—such as wireless communication technology, computers, information digitization, the Internet, and artificial intelligence—with new information technologies born in the 21st century—such as cloud computing, mobile Internet, blockchain, and the Internet of Things—forming a digital intelligent technology system, which the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC summarized as a "digital intelligent technology" system.[1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. It is a major Party meeting that sets the direction for economic and social policy. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is brewing and emerging. Cloud computing, big data, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and others are developing rapidly, intersecting and integrating with fields such as biology, energy, materials, and neuroscience, triggering group technological changes characterized by green, intelligent, and ubiquitous features. Network information technology represented by the Internet is increasingly becoming a leading force for innovation-driven development, accelerating the flow and sharing of factors such as labor, capital, energy, and information, and promoting a new qualitative leap in social productive forces." The digital intelligent technology system is the key and dominant force driving the new round of scientific and technological revolution. Its core and characteristics lie in: under the support of the digital intelligent technology system, artificial intelligence constructs models based on massive data, greatly liberating mental labor, thereby promoting the production of digital content using data information resources as raw materials—that is, digital cultural production becomes a new production field leading social development, integrating cultural production with material production, and making material production culturalized. Driven by the increasingly close division of labor and cooperation based on the intelligent Internet and the deep development of the socialization of labor, new industries, new business forms, and new models emerge endlessly and change with each passing day. The capitalist value movement and capital logic run counter to the development requirements of the new productive forces dominated by digital intelligent technology, while socialism complements and promotes the new productive forces, pushing human society into a new form of civilization.

科学技术是第一生产力。研究当今时代生产力发展及生产方式变革状况，最根本的就是要深刻把握当今新一轮科技革命的本质、核心与特质。而要研究当今新一轮科技革命的本质、核心与特质，就要研究引领、主导新一轮科技革命的具有底层技术架构意义和基础设施意义的信息技术发展状况。近20年来，信息技术正在实现前所未有的技术大融合，表现为形成于20世纪的无线通信技术、计算机、信息数字化、互联网、人工智能等信息技术与诞生于21世纪的云计算、移动互联网、区块链、物联网等新信息技术相互融合、相互促进、相辅相成，形成数字智能技术体系，党的二十届三中全会将其概括为“数智技术”体系。习近平总书记指出：“新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在孕育兴起，云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等快速发展，同生物、能源、材料、神经科学等领域交叉融合，引发了以绿色、智能、泛在为特征的群体性技术变革。以互联网为代表的网络信息技术日益成为创新驱动发展的先导力量，加速了劳动力、资本、能源、信息等要素的流动和共享，推动社会生产力发生了新的质的飞跃”。数字智能技术体系是推动当今新一轮科技革命的关键性、主导性力量，其核心与特质在于：在数字智能技术体系支持下，人工智能基于海量数据建构模型，极大地解放脑力劳动，从而推动以数据信息资源为原料的数字内容生产，即数字化文化生产成为引领社会发展的新生产领域，使文化生产与物质生产相融合，物质生产文化化。在基于智能互联网的分工协作日益密切、劳动社会化深度发展的推动下，新产业、新业态、新模式层出不穷、日新月异。资本主义价值运动及资本逻辑与数字智能技术主导的新生产力发展要求相背而行，而社会主义则与新生产力发展相辅相成、相互促进，推动人类社会进入新文明形态。

I. The Digital Intelligent Technology System Formed by the Great Convergence of Information Technology Is the Dominant Force of the New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution

一、信息技术大融合形成的数字智能技术体系是新一轮科技革命的主导力量

Information technology mainly emerged in the mid-20th century and became widely popular with the emergence and application of technologies such as electronic computers (1940s), information digitization (1940s), artificial intelligence (1950s), the Internet (1960s), and mobile communications (1980s). Entering the 21st century, with the emergence and application of new information technologies such as cloud computing (2006), the Internet of Things and mobile Internet (around 2008), and blockchain (2008), information technology achieved an unprecedented technological convergence, forming a digital intelligent technology system and sparking a new round of scientific and technological revolution.

信息技术主要兴起于20世纪中期，是随着电子计算机（40年代）、信息数字化（40年代）、人工智能（50年代）、互联网（60年代）、移动通信（80年代）等技术的产生和应用而广泛流行的。进入21世纪以来，随着云计算（2006年）、物联网与移动互联网（2008年左右）、区块链（2008年）等新信息技术的产生和应用，信息技术实现了前所未有的技术大融合，形成了数字智能技术体系，掀起了新一轮科技革命。

1. The Great Convergence of Information Technology and the Formation of the Digital Intelligent Technology System

1.信息技术大融合与数字智能技术体系的形成

In traditional information technology, mobile communication technology originated from the invention and use of radio communication in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, where people began to use electromagnetic waves for wireless communication. Subsequently, with the development of cellular network technology, the first generation of mobile communication technology (1G) appeared in the 1980s, and the second generation (2G) in the 1990s, mainly used for real-time and location-specific information transmission. Computers were born in the 1940s, undergoing stages of development such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, large-scale and very-large-scale integrated circuits, and personal computers, mainly used for information storage, computation, and processing. Information digitization technology emerged in the 1940s; computer scientists discovered that binary number systems matched the on-off states of logic circuits inside computers, and began converting information from analog to digital formats for storage, transmission, computation, analysis, and use on computers. Later, with the invention and application of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), people began to generally convert analog signals into digital signals, making it easy to quantify, analyze, and process the complex physical world on computers. Artificial intelligence was born in the 1950s; simply put, the purpose of AI is to make computers think like the human brain through the computation, analysis, and processing of data information, thereby making machines more intelligent. The Internet was born in the 1960s, mainly used for transmitting, exchanging, and sharing information; the World Wide Web proposed in 1989 adopted distributed technology, linking web pages and enabling global sharing of information through a hypertext system. In addition, the 20th century also saw the birth of various technologies closely related to information technology, such as distributed computing, cryptography, virtual technology, sensor technology, and radio frequency identification technology.

传统的信息技术中，移动通信技术源自19世纪末20世纪初无线电通信的发明和使用，人们开始利用电磁波进行无线通信。其后随着蜂窝网络等技术的发展，20世纪80年代出现第一代移动通信技术（1G），90年代出现第二代移动通信技术（2G），主要用于信息的即时即地传递。计算机诞生于20世纪40年代，经历了电子管、晶体管、集成电路、大规模和超大规模集成电路以及个人电脑等发展阶段，主要用于信息的存储、计算和处理等。信息数字化技术诞生于20世纪40年代，计算机科学家们发现二进制数制与计算机内部的逻辑电路开关状态吻合，开始将信息从模拟格式转化为数字格式，以便于将信息在计算机上存储、传输、计算、分析和使用。其后随着模数转换器（ADCs）的发明与应用，人们开始普遍将模拟信号转换为数字信号，由此纷繁复杂的物理世界就可以很容易在计算机上进行量化、分析和处理。人工智能诞生于20世纪50年代，简单地说，人工智能的目的就是通过对数据信息的计算、分析、处理，使计算机能像人脑一样思考，从而使机器更智能。互联网诞生于20世纪60年代，主要应用于传输、交流和共享信息；1989年提出的万维网采用分布式技术，使网页相互链接，通过超文本系统实现信息的全球共享。此外，20世纪还诞生了分布式计算、密码学、虚拟技术、传感器技术、射频识别技术等多种与信息技术密切相关的技术。

Before the 21st century, the above information technologies, in their relatively independent creation and development, had not yet fully demonstrated their powerful strength. However, after entering the 21st century, with the emergence and application of new information technologies such as cloud computing, mobile Internet, blockchain, and the Internet of Things, various information technologies began to interpenetrate, support each other, and complement each other, forming a digital intelligent technology system that, with its powerful technological force, dominates and leads the new round of scientific and technological revolution. Specifically: First, the convergence of technologies such as computers, information digitization, mobile communications, and the Internet formed the mobile Internet, enabling people to access the Internet anytime, anywhere with a handheld mobile phone; all human activities and states can be digitized and become data. The convergence of mobile networks with technologies such as sensors, radio frequency identification, and global positioning formed the Internet of Things, enabling the operation and status of all objects to be digitized and become data. Thus, information interconnection between individuals, between people and objects, and between objects is achieved, with massive amounts of data generated, transmitted, and shared in real time, quickly, conveniently, and at very low cost. Second, cloud computing technology, supported by technologies such as the mobile Internet, integrates distributed computing, virtualization technology, etc., distributing computing tasks across a resource pool composed of a large number of computers, completing the processing and analysis of massive data in a short time according to customer needs. Third, based on technologies such as the mobile Internet and cloud computing, blockchain integrates pre-existing technologies such as distributed networks, cryptography, consensus algorithms, and smart contracts. As the underlying technical architecture of the Internet, the blockchain network (Internet 3.0) has functions such as decentralization, immutability of online data, full traceability of information, and automatic execution of smart contracts online, thereby establishing a technical trust mechanism and a data rights confirmation mechanism, better protecting privacy, ensuring security, and improving the management level and utilization efficiency of data resources. Fourth, with the support of technologies such as big data, mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and blockchain, artificial intelligence machine learning, based on massive data, constructs models, proposes new solutions or new content to solve problems, assists the human brain in processing information, promotes the valorization of data, and realizes the practical application of data resources. With the support of models, the efficiency of conceptual construction in the human brain is increasingly improved, and machines become more intelligent.

21世纪之前，上述这些信息技术在各自相对独立的创立、发展中还没有充分显示出其强大力量，但是，进入21世纪之后，随着云计算、移动互联网、区块链、物联网等新信息技术的产生和应用，各种信息技术开始相互渗透、彼此支持、相辅相成，形成数字智能技术体系，以其强大的技术力量主导、引领新一轮科学技术革命。具体表现在：一是计算机、信息数字化、移动通信、互联网等技术相互融合而形成的移动互联网，使人们用掌中手机就可以随时随地随身上网，人的一切活动及状态都可以数字化，成为数据；移动网络与传感器、射频识别、全球定位等技术相互融合而形成的物联网，又使一切物品的运行及状态都可以数字化，成为数据。由此，个人与个人、人与物及物与物之间信息互联互通，海量数据即时即地生成、传递、共享，快捷、方便，且成本极低。二是云计算技术在移动互联网等技术支持下，将分布式计算、虚拟化技术等相融合，将计算任务分布在大量计算机构成的资源池中，根据客户需要，在短时间内完成对海量数据的处理和分析。三是基于移动互联网、云计算等技术，区块链将早已存在的分布式网络、密码学、共识算法、智能合约等多种技术融合在一起。作为互联网的底层技术构架，区块链网络（互联网3.0）具有去中心化功能，以及线上数据不可篡改、信息全程可追溯等功能，且线上智能合约自动执行，从而建立技术信任机制及数据确权机制，能够更好地保护隐私、保证安全，提高数据资源的管理水平和使用效率。四是在大数据、移动互联网、物联网及云计算、区块链等技术支持下，人工智能机器学习基于海量数据，建构模型，提出解决问题的新方案或新内容等，协助人脑处理信息，促进数据价值化，实现数据资源的落地应用。在模型加持下，人脑观念建构效率日益提高，机器也越来越智能。

2. Data Is the Core Around Which the Digital Intelligent Technology System Revolves

2.数据是数字智能技术体系围绕的核心

From the above great convergence of information technology, it can be seen that the digital intelligent technology system revolves around the real-time generation, storage, transmission, sharing, exchange, computation, use, management, and practical application of big data. Data is the core around which the digital intelligent technology system revolves and is the "concrete in thought" for deeply understanding the digital intelligent technology system and the current new round of scientific and technological revolution. Marx once summarized the process of human cognition into two paths: "In the first path, the full concrete is evaporated to yield abstract determinations; in the second path, the abstract determinations lead to the reproduction of the concrete in the course of thinking." The first path is the process of generalizing and raising empirical materials obtained from practice from the perceptual concrete to the rational abstract. Rational abstract reveals the determinations of different aspects of things, but it has not yet revealed the internal connections among these different determinations, nor the internal laws of the overall movement of things. Therefore, it is necessary to ascend from rational abstract to rational concrete, i.e., the concrete in thought, achieving an understanding of the "synthesis of many determinations" and the "unity of diversity" of things, thereby fully revealing the essence of things and the internal laws of their overall movement. Various information technologies such as computers, information digitization, artificial intelligence, the Internet, mobile communications, cloud computing, mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, and blockchain are determinations of different aspects of the digital intelligent technology system abstracted and generalized from empirical materials obtained from practice. However, these abstract determinations have not yet revealed the essence and internal laws of movement and change of the entire digital intelligent technology system as a whole, nor have they revealed from the perspective of internal mechanisms how the digital intelligent technology system promotes the development of productive forces and realizes the transformation of the mode of production. It is necessary to further refine and generalize the "concrete in thought" from various abstract determinations, achieving an understanding of the "synthesis of many determinations" and the "unity of diversity" of the digital intelligent technology system.

由上述信息技术大融合可以看到，数字智能技术体系是围绕大数据的实时生成、存储、传递、共享、交流，以及计算、使用、管理和落地应用而展开的。数据是数字智能技术体系围绕的核心，是深刻理解数字智能技术体系及当今新一轮科技革命的“理性具体”。马克思曾把人的认识过程概括为两条道路：“在第一条道路上，完整的表象蒸发为抽象的规定；在第二条道路上，抽象的规定在思维行程中导致具体的再现。”第一条道路就是将从实践中获得的经验材料由感性具体概括、上升为理性抽象的过程，理性抽象揭示了事物不同方面的规定性，但是还没有揭示出这些不同方面规定性的内在联系，没有揭示出事物整体运动的内在规律，因而还需要从理性抽象上升到理性具体即思维具体，达到对事物的“许多规定的综合”和“多样性的统一”的认识，从而完整揭示事物的本质和整体运动的内在规律。计算机、信息数字化、人工智能、互联网、移动通信、云计算、移动互联网、物联网、区块链等各种信息技术，就是从实践获得的经验材料中抽象、概括出来的数字智能技术体系不同方面的规定性，但是这些抽象规定还没有从整体上揭示出整个数字智能技术体系的本质和内在运动变化规律，没有从内在机理角度揭示出数字智能技术体系是如何推动生产力发展、实现生产方式变革的，需要进一步从各种抽象规定中提炼、概括出“理性具体”即“思维具体”，达到对数字智能技术体系的“许多规定性的综合”和“多样性的统一”的认识。

This "concrete in thought" is "data." Data refers to online digitized information. Various information technologies such as computers, information digitization, artificial intelligence, the Internet, mobile communications, cloud computing, mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, and blockchain all revolve around this "concrete in thought"—"data." Specifically, under the premise of the great convergence of information technology and with the support of the digital intelligent technology system, the intelligent network is mainly responsible for the real-time generation, transmission, sharing, and exchange of data; cloud computing is mainly responsible for the real-time analysis and processing of data, promoting the valorization of data; blockchain ensures that online data cannot be tampered with, is fully traceable, and confirms data rights, thereby promoting efficient management and use of data; and artificial intelligence is responsible for the practical application of data, through machine learning and model construction, improving the efficiency of the human brain's "conceptual transformation of things" and enhancing machine intelligence. It can be said that big data is like the "rice" used for cooking, while various information technologies such as computers, information digitization, artificial intelligence, the Internet, mobile communications, cloud computing, mobile Internet, the Internet of Things, and blockchain are like the "pots" and "spatulas" and other tool systems used for cooking. The core idea of the digital intelligent technology system is how to produce and use data, improve the efficiency of mental labor, and promote the development of productive forces.

这个“思维具体”就是“数据”。数据即在线的数字化信息，计算机、信息数字化、人工智能、互联网、移动通信、云计算、移动互联网、物联网、区块链等各种信息技术都是围绕着“数据”这个“思维具体”而展开的。具体来说，在信息技术大融合的前提下，在数字智能技术体系的支持下，智能网络主要负责数据的即时即地生成、传递、共享、交流等；云计算主要负责数据的实时分析、处理，促进数据价值化；区块链确保网上数据不可篡改、全程可追溯，并为数据确权，从而促进数据的高效管理和使用；而人工智能负责数据的落地应用，通过机器学习、建构模型，提高人脑“观念地改造事物”的效率，提升机器智能。可以说，大数据如同做饭用的“米”，而计算机、信息数字化、人工智能、互联网、移动通信、云计算、移动互联网、物联网、区块链等各种信息技术如同做饭用的“锅”“铲”等工具体系，数字智能技术体系的核心思想就是如何生产、使用数据，提高脑力劳动效率，促进生产力发展。

In summary, understanding and grasping the digital intelligent technology system, the core lies in taking data as the center, exploring how to promote the massive generation, exchange, and sharing of data, how to promote the valorization of data, and how to form new quality productive forces.

总之，理解、把握数字智能技术体系，核心在于以数据为中心，探讨如何促进数据的海量生成与交流、共享，如何推动数据的价值化，如何形成新质生产力。

3. The Digital Intelligent Technology System Plays a Leading and Dominant Role in the Current New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution

3.数字智能技术体系在当今新一轮科技革命中起引领和主导作用

In the current era, although there are many cutting-edge scientific technologies, such as quantum technology, biotechnology, new energy and new material technology, aerospace technology, etc., no other scientific and technological achievement can compare with the digital intelligent technology system in bringing such extensive and profound changes to humanity. Among the frontiers of current science and technology, the digital intelligent technology system has the significance of infrastructure and underlying architecture. It is the new science and technology that plays a leading and dominant role. Other scientific and technological achievements can only achieve better innovative development with the support of the digital intelligent technology system, leveraging big data, the Internet, artificial intelligence, etc. For example, gene technology, especially gene sequencing and detection technology, generates a large amount of diverse gene data. Only with the help of digital intelligent technology can we explore the functions of genes and their relationship with diseases from massive data, promoting the development of genomics and bioinformatics. The digital intelligent technology system penetrates into traditional industries, promoting the digitization, networking, and intelligentization of traditional agriculture, industry, and services, thereby forming a series of new technologies, new industries, new business forms, and new models, promoting industrial revolution, and driving unprecedented major changes in productive forces.

当今时代，尽管前沿科学技术有很多种，如量子技术、生物技术、新能源新材料技术、航空航天技术等，但是没有哪一项科技成果能与数字智能技术体系相比，给人类带来如此广泛而深刻的变革。在当今科学技术前沿中，数字智能技术体系具有基础设施意义和底层架构意义，是起引领性和主导性作用的新科学技术，其他的科学技术只有在数字智能技术体系加持之下，借助大数据、互联网、人工智能等才能更好实现创新发展。例如，基因技术特别是基因测序和检测技术，会产生大量的多样性基因数据，只有借助数字智能技术，才能从海量数据中探寻基因的功能及其与疾病的关系，推动基因组学和生物信息学的发展。数字智能技术体系渗透到传统产业中，推动传统农业、工业、服务业实现数字化、网络化、智能化，由此形成一系列新技术、新产业、新业态、新模式，促进产业革命，推动生产力实现前所未有的大变革。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the leading and dominant role of big data, the Internet, artificial intelligence, etc., supported by the digital intelligent technology system, pointing out: "Currently, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation led by artificial intelligence is in full swing. Driven by new theories and technologies such as mobile Internet, big data, supercomputing, sensor networks, and brain science, artificial intelligence presents new features such as deep learning, cross-border integration, human-machine collaboration, open swarm intelligence, and autonomous control, which are having a significant and far-reaching impact on economic development, social progress, and global governance." Another example: "The breadth and depth of the impact of the rapid development of the Internet are unmatched by other scientific and technological achievements. The changes brought by Internet development to productive forces and relations of production are unprecedented, the profound adjustments brought to the world political and economic landscape are unprecedented, the impact on national sovereignty and national security is unprecedented, and the impact on the exchange, blending, and confrontation of different cultures and values is also unprecedented." Obviously, the "artificial intelligence" and "Internet" here do not refer to a single Internet technology or artificial intelligence technology, but to the Internet and artificial intelligence supported by the digital intelligent technology system. The digital intelligent technology system is the dominant infrastructure and underlying architecture technology in the current era, the core force leading the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and the dominant force promoting the development of new quality productive forces.

习近平总书记多次强调大数据、互联网、人工智能等在数字智能技术体系支持下的引领、主导作用，指出：“当前，由人工智能引领的新一轮科技革命和产业变革方兴未艾。在移动互联网、大数据、超级计算、传感网、脑科学等新理论新技术驱动下，人工智能呈现深度学习、跨界融合、人机协同、群智开放、自主操控等新特征，正在对经济发展、社会进步、全球治理等方面产生重大而深远的影响。”再如：“互联网快速发展的影响范围之广、程度之深是其他科技成果所难以比拟的。互联网发展给生产力和生产关系带来的变革是前所未有的，给世界政治经济格局带来的深刻调整是前所未有的，给国家主权和国家安全带来的冲击是前所未有的，给不同文化和价值观念交流交融交锋产生的影响也是前所未有的。”显然，这里的“人工智能”“互联网”不是指单一的互联网技术或人工智能技术，而是以数字智能技术体系为支撑的互联网和人工智能。数字智能技术体系就是当今时代起主导作用的基础设施和底层架构技术，是引领新一轮科技革命的核心力量，是推动新质生产力发展的主导力量。

II. The Liberation of Mental Labor by Artificial Intelligence Supported by the Digital Intelligent Technology System Is the Core and Key Content of the New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution

二、数字智能技术体系支持下人工智能解放脑力劳动是新一轮科技革命的核心与关键内容

The new round of scientific and technological revolution led by the digital intelligent technology system is fundamentally different from the traditional large machine productive forces revolution. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the rapid development of natural science and its application in the production field promoted the organic combination of tool machines, transmission machines, and power machines driven by steam engines, forming a large machine system. Marx pointed out: "This mechanical device replaces not some specific tool, but the human hand itself, with a 'ease, precision, and speed that the experienced hand of the most skilled worker cannot achieve.'" [2]2 This is a quotation from Marx's *Capital*, Volume 1, Chapter 15, on machinery and large-scale industry. The citation in the original text is marked with a footnote symbol (③), which is rendered here as [2] for consistency. The formation of the machine system greatly liberated physical labor, marking the full outbreak of large-scale industry and promoting a qualitative leap in the development of productive forces. In the current era, under the support of the digital intelligent technology system, artificial intelligence, based on massive data, constructs models, assists the human brain in processing information, greatly liberates mental labor, improves the efficiency of conceptual construction in the human brain, enhances machine intelligence, and promotes a new qualitative leap in the development of productive forces.

数字智能技术体系引领的新一轮科技革命根本不同于传统的大机器生产力革命。18、19世纪自然科学迅猛发展并应用于生产领域，推动工具机、传动机与蒸汽机带动的动力机有机结合，形成了大机器体系。马克思指出：“这种机械装置所代替的不是某种特殊工具，而是人的手本身‘轻易、精确和迅速的程度是任何最熟练工人的富有经验的手都无法做到的’。”③机器体系的形成极大地解放体力劳动，是大工业全面爆发的标志，推动生产力实现质的飞跃发展。当今时代，数字智能技术体系支持下人工智能基于海量数据、建构模型，协助人脑处理信息，极大地解放脑力劳动，提高人脑观念建构效率，提升机器智能，促进生产力实现新的质的飞跃发展。

1. Mental Labor, i.e., the Process of Conceptual Construction in the Human Brain, Is an Intrinsic Link in Human Labor

1.脑力劳动即人脑的观念建构过程是人类劳动的内在环节

Human labor, from the making of the first stone knife, has never been purely physical labor but includes mental labor as a process simultaneously exerted with physical labor. That is, before people actually transform things, they first conceptually transform things in their minds, and then, based on the results of conceptual construction in their minds, guide the actual transformation activities. Marx expressed this idea in the *Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844*: "Man not only duplicates himself in consciousness, intellectually, but also actively, actually, and thus he contemplates himself in a world that he has created." In *Capital*, this idea is expressed as: "What distinguishes the worst architect from the best of bees is that he builds the cell in his mind before he builds it in wax. At the end of every labor process, we get a result that already existed in the imagination of the laborer at its commencement, i.e., already existed ideally. He not only effects a change of form in the material on which he works, but he also realizes his own purpose in the material."

人类的劳动从制造第一把石刀时起就不是单纯的体力劳动，而是包含脑力劳动在内的、与体力劳动同时付出的活动过程，即人们在现实地改造事物之前，首先在头脑中观念地改造事物，然后根据头脑中观念建构的成果，指导现实改造活动。马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中将这一思想表述为：“人不仅像在意识中那样在精神上使自己二重化，而且能动地、现实地使自己二重化，从而在他所创造的世界中直观自身。”在《资本论》中这一思想被表述为：“最蹩脚的建筑师从一开始就比最灵巧的蜜蜂高明的地方，是他在用蜂蜡建筑蜂房以前，已经在自己的头脑中把它建成了。劳动过程结束时得到的结果，在这个过程开始时就已经在劳动者的表象中存在着，即已经观念地存在着。他不仅使自然物发生形式变化，同时他还在自然物中实现自己的目的”。

In a general sense, mental labor is the process of consuming mental power, a high-level neural activity in which the brain, relying on the nervous system, uses all existing information to innovate. The essence of this process is the "conceptual construction" activity of the human brain, i.e., the process in which people, based on the deficiencies of reality, conceptually transform things and create ideal existences in their minds. That is, the process in which people use thinking abilities such as abstraction, generalization, imagination, and association to screen information and compute and analyze relevant information, permeating all their rationality (theories, knowledge, etc.) and all their sensibility (emotions, will, ideals, beliefs, aesthetic tastes, etc.) into the conceptual form of things, creating ideal conceptual existences that do not exist in the real world. The objectified results of mental labor, i.e., conceptual construction, are various spiritual and cultural products, including general forms such as scientific theories, political thought, philosophy, and art, as well as specific spiritual and cultural products such as new methods for solving problems, new plans for labor processes, and new schemas for labor results. Then, guided by the ideal existences conceptually constructed by the human brain, people use physical tools to actually change the form of things in reality, producing products to meet needs. Therefore, the process of actually transforming things in labor is an activity guided by ideal existences conceptually constructed that do not exist in the real world; the innovativeness of conceptual construction leads the innovativeness of actual practice. This is the essence of human labor.

在一般意义上，脑力劳动就是耗费脑力的劳动过程，是大脑依靠神经系统，运用已有的全部信息进行创新的高级神经活动。这个过程的本质就是人脑的“观念建构”活动，即人们根据现实存在的不足，在头脑中观念地改造事物、创造理想存在的过程，也就是人们运用抽象、概括、想象、联想等思维能力，筛选信息并对相关信息进行计算、分析，将自身的理论、知识等全部理性以及情感、意志、理想、信念、审美情趣等全部感性渗透到观念形态的事物中，创造出现实世界没有的理想的观念存在的过程。脑力劳动即观念建构的对象化结果就是各种精神文化产品，既包括科学理论、政治思想、哲学、艺术等一般形式，也包括解决问题的新方法、劳动过程的新方案以及劳动结果的新图式等具体的精神文化产品。然后，人们依据人脑观念建构的理想存在，借助实物工具，在现实中实际地改变事物的形式，生产出产品满足需要。因此，劳动的现实改造事物的过程是以观念建构的、现实世界没有的理想存在为指导的活动，观念建构的创新性引领现实实践的创新性。这就是人类劳动的本质。

2. Mental Labor, i.e., Conceptual Construction in the Human Brain, Requires Massive Information and Powerful Information Processing Capabilities

2.脑力劳动即人脑的观念建构需要海量信息和强大的信息处理能力

For the human brain to better carry out "conceptual construction," two basic conditions are needed: first, information that is as comprehensive and accurate as possible; second, the brain's ability to analyze and process information.

人脑为了更好地进行“观念建构”，需要两个基本条件：一是尽可能全面且准确的信息，二是大脑分析、处理信息的能力。

What is information? According to the principles of dialectical materialism, information is the result of all reflections of the objective world by the human brain, the result of all forms of human consciousness such as sensation, perception, memory, representation, and thinking. Information includes not only rational content expressed through language and text, such as knowledge and rules, but also emotional information experienced and felt from each other's eyes, tone, actions, behavior, etc., in on-site embodied interactions.

什么是信息？依据辩证唯物主义原理，信息就是人脑对客观世界的一切反映结果，是人的一切意识形式如感觉、知觉、记忆、表象、思维等的活动结果。信息既包括借助语言、文字来表达的知识、规则等理性内容，也包括人们在现场具身交往中从彼此的眼神、语调、动作、行为等中体验、感受的情感性信息。

Information is an indispensable element for the normal progress of the labor process. Marx once pointed out: "In a broad sense, besides those things which transmit the effect of labor to its object, and thus in one way or another serve as conductors of activity, all the material conditions necessary for the labor process to proceed are counted as means of labor." All material conditions necessary for the normal progress of the labor process belong to the means of labor. Therefore, the means of production include not only substantive elements such as land and physical tools but also inherently include other non-substantive elements such as information, science and technology, management, division of labor, and cooperation. Information is different from other non-substantive elements. Other non-substantive elements such as science and technology and management are not present at the beginning of human labor but gradually formed after a certain development of productive forces. Information, however, is a condition that must be present at the very beginning of human labor. For example, in early human society, to successfully make a stone knife, besides having the conceptual image of the stone knife in the mind, there must also be a basic grasp of information about the properties, laws, and surrounding environment of the stone. Information is crucial to the success of human practice; without or lacking information, labor is blind and will fail. Therefore, information is an indispensable internal factor of production in productive forces. In mental labor, in the conceptual construction of the human brain, the richer, more comprehensive, and more accurate the information, the more innovative and guiding the plans, schemas, and content of conceptual construction will be, and the easier it is for labor to succeed.

信息是劳动过程正常进行必不可少的要素。马克思曾指出：“广义地说，除了那些把劳动的作用传达到劳动对象，因而以这种或那种方式充当活动的传导体的物以外，劳动过程的进行所需要的一切物质条件也都算做劳动过程的资料。”劳动过程正常进行所需要的一切物质条件都属于劳动资料。因此，生产资料除了包括土地、实物工具等实体性要素之外，还内在包括其他非实体性要素，如信息、科学技术、管理、分工协作等。信息不同于其他非实体性要素，其他非实体性要素如科学技术、管理等不是人类劳动一开始就具有的，而是生产力有了一定发展之后逐渐形成的，信息却是人类劳动一开始就必须具有的条件。例如，人类社会早期要成功制作石刀，头脑中除了有石刀的观念图形，还要有对石头的属性、规律及周围环境等信息的基本掌握。信息对人的实践成功至关重要，没有或缺少信息，劳动就是盲目的，就会失败。因此，信息是生产力中不可缺少的内在生产要素。在脑力劳动中、在人脑的观念建构中，信息越丰富、越全面、越准确，观念建构的方案、图式、内容等就越有创新性和指导性，劳动就越容易成功。

In the pre-digital-intelligence era, information was mainly expressed through language and text, stored and transmitted via media such as paper, and its collection, transmission, exchange, and sharing were constrained by time and space, possessing immediacy, which thereby affected the quantity and quality of new information generation. In the current digital-intelligence era, information is expressed through binary code, forming data, which is stored on carriers such as hard drives and transmitted, exchanged, and shared via the Internet. Digital information, with the development and widespread application of technologies such as mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, increasingly forms massive amounts of data. The vast information contained in massive data cannot be effectively calculated, analyzed, processed, and used by the human brain alone, because the human brain, as a physical organ, has physiological limitations in its ability to analyze and process information. Consequently, the efficiency of human mental labor and the construction of concepts in the human brain are also limited.

人脑观念建构需要的信息，一部分是人们对自己实践中收集的感性资料进行提炼、概括而形成的经验、知识，但这样的信息是有限的。为了获得更多信息，人们之间需要借助媒介进行交往、交流，交换信息。前数字智能时代，信息主要是通过语言文字来表达，以纸等为存储和传递媒介，信息收集、传递、交流、共享受到时空限制，具有当下性，从而影响了新信息生成的数量和质量。在当今数字智能时代，信息借助二进制代码来表达，形成数据，数据存储在硬盘等载体上，并通过互联网传递、交流和共享。数字化信息随着移动互联网、物联网等技术发展和普及应用日益形成巨量资料。海量数据所蕴含的海量信息单靠人脑是无法有效计算、分析、处理和使用的，因为人脑作为肉体器官，分析和处理信息的能力受到生理局限，因此人的脑力劳动、人脑观念建构的效率也受到局限。

Marx pointed out: "When labour instruments acquire the material mode of existence of a machine, they require the replacement of human power by natural forces, and the conscious application of natural science in place of rules derived from experience." In the 19th century, the large machine system replaced human hands with natural forces, liberating human physical strength and greatly increasing labor efficiency. In the current era, the development of the digital-intelligence technology system and the formation of massive data resources require people to consciously apply science and technology to transcend the physiological limitations of the human brain with natural forces. This is artificial intelligence, which, supported by the digital-intelligence technology system, based on massive data and building models, assists the human brain in calculating, analyzing, and processing information, thereby liberating mental labor and greatly increasing labor efficiency.

马克思指出：“劳动资料取得机器这种物质存在方式，要求以自然力来代替人力，以自觉应用自然科学来代替从经验中得出的成规。”19世纪，大机器体系以其自然力代替了人手，解放了人的体力，极大地提高了劳动效率。当今时代，数字智能技术体系的发展和海量数据资源的形成，则要求人们自觉地应用科学技术，以自然力来超越人脑的生理局限，这就是人工智能在数字智能技术体系的支持下，基于海量数据、建构模型，协助人脑计算、分析、处理信息，从而解放脑力，极大地提高劳动效率。

3. The Internal Mechanism of Artificial Intelligence Assisting the Human Brain in Processing Data Information Based on the Digital-Intelligence Technology System

3.基于数字智能技术体系人工智能协助人脑处理数据信息的内在机理

Machine learning is the core of artificial intelligence. The essence of machine learning is the simulation of mental labor, i.e., the process of concept construction in the human brain. Specifically: first, to solve a problem, artificial intelligence seeks hidden patterns and internal logic from massive data, extracting data features. This process is like the human brain, when solving a problem, screening relevant information and extracting relevant knowledge from sensory input and existing information in the brain. Second, artificial intelligence determines algorithms, builds models, trains the model through training datasets, adjusts parameters, and optimizes performance. This process is like the human brain, through thinking abilities such as imagination and association, proposing preliminary solutions, schemas, or knowledge for a problem, and then repeatedly revising them to establish them. Third, artificial intelligence uses a validation dataset to verify the model's effect, and after evaluation, finally determines the optimal model. This process is like the human brain's preliminary solutions, schemas, or knowledge being repeatedly verified through practice and finally established. Fourth, based on the determined model, artificial intelligence can solve various problems raised by specific real-world situations and scenarios. That is, artificial intelligence proposes solutions or constructs new schemas, new content, etc., for actual scenarios. These new solutions, new schemas, new content, etc., provide the human brain with infinitely rich materials or tools for concept construction, thereby greatly increasing the efficiency of mental labor. At the same time, when excellent models are embedded in machines, the machines become more intelligent, and embodied intelligent robots can better serve humanity.

机器学习是人工智能的核心。机器学习的本质就是对脑力劳动即对人脑的观念建构过程的模拟。具体来说：首先，人工智能为解决问题从海量数据中寻找隐藏的规律和内在逻辑，进行数据特征提取，这个过程就如人脑为解决问题在从感官输入及人脑已有的信息中筛选相关信息、提炼相关知识的过程。其次，人工智能确定算法、建构模型，通过训练数据集对模型进行训练，调整参数，优化性能，这个过程犹如人脑通过想象、联想等思维能力提出解决问题的初步方案、图式或知识等，然后反复修改而确立的过程。再次，人工智能再用验证集数据验证模型效果，经过评估，最终确定最优模型，这个过程就如人脑确立的初步方案、图式或知识等经过实践不断验证而最终确立的过程。最后，人工智能依据确定的模型，就可以去解决现实的具体情境和场景提出的各种问题了，也就是人工智能针对实际场景的问题提出解决方案或构建新图式、新内容等。这些新方案、新图式、新内容等为人脑的观念建构提供无限丰富的资料或工具，从而极大提高脑力劳动的效率。同时，优秀的模型加持到机器上，机器就越智能，具身智能机器人也就越能更好地服务人类。

Since 2020, breakthroughs in artificial intelligence machine learning have been rapid, especially with continuous advances in deep learning and other technologies, leading to the emergence of generative artificial intelligence. Generative artificial intelligence simulates the structure and operational mechanism of the human brain's neural network, establishes pre-trained large models, and automatically extracts general features from unlabeled large-scale data, thereby improving the model's generality and generalization ability. Consequently, when completing new tasks, these general features and general knowledge can be used, requiring only a small amount of labeled data for fine-tuning to train a well-performing model. At the same time, generative artificial intelligence can automatically process multiple types of data, including images, text, video, audio, etc., and can generate multi-modal models to achieve generative output of heterogeneous data. In model training, technologies such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Variational Autoencoders (VAE) play important roles. In January 2025, DeepSeek's AI technology innovation surprised the world. It adopts dynamic sparse computing technology and dynamic neuron activation technology, greatly reducing computational load; uses mixed-precision quantization training technology to compress model size; employs ultra-large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) technology to efficiently utilize computing resources and improve model performance; and so on. Thus, while greatly reducing chip and computing costs, it trains models with equally excellent performance and adopts a fully open-source strategy to benefit the world.

自2020年以来，人工智能机器学习取得了突飞猛进的发展，尤其是随着深度学习等技术不断突破，生成式人工智能横空出世。生成式人工智能通过模拟人脑神经网络的结构和运行机制，建立预训练大模型，对没有标注的大规模数据自动进行通用特征提取，以提高模型的通用性和泛化能力。由此，在完成新任务时，就可以利用这些通用特征、通用知识，只需要少量标注数据，进行微调，就能训练出性能良好的模型。同时，生成式人工智能可以自动处理多种类型的数据，包括图像、文本、视频、音频等，可以多模态生成模型，实现异构数据的生成式输出。在模型训练中，生成对抗网络（GAN）技术、变分自编码器（VAE）等技术起到重要作用。2025年1月，深度求索（DeepSeek）ＡＩ技术创新，惊喜世人，它采用动态稀疏计算技术、动态神经元激活技术，极大降低计算量；采用混合精度量化训练技术，压缩模型体积；采用超大规模混合专家模型（MoE）技术，高效利用计算资源，提高模型性能；等等。从而它在极大地降低芯片、算力成本的同时，训练出性能同样优秀的模型，并且采取完全开源策略，造福世人。

In short, with continuous technological breakthroughs, generative artificial intelligence increasingly shows tremendous advantages in assisting the human brain in processing information, improving the efficiency of human brain concept construction, and enhancing machine intelligence. On this basis, it can quickly and efficiently generate innovative original content or new solutions, new schemas, etc., which can be applied in multiple fields and scenarios. For example, in the field of art, generative artificial intelligence can generate literary, musical, and painting works with entirely new content, plots, or moods in seconds, thereby providing infinitely rich materials for humans to write novels, compose music, paint, etc., inspiring human creativity and improving artistic innovation.

总之，随着技术不断突破，生成式人工智能在协助人脑处理信息、提高人脑观念建构效率及提高机器智能性等方面日益显示出巨大无比的优势，在此基础上能够快速、高效生成具有创新性的原创内容或新方案、新图式等，可以应用于多个领域、多种场景。例如在艺术领域，生成式人工智能可以几秒生成有全新内容、情节或意境的文学、音乐、绘画等作品，从而为人类写小说、编曲、绘画等提供无限丰富的资料，激发人的灵感，提高艺术创新性。

4. The Nature and Value of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Products

4.人工智能生成产品的本质及价值

Generative artificial intelligence is so powerful that some worry it may degrade human abilities such as memory, analysis, and judgment, and endanger human subjectivity. In reality, the products generated by artificial intelligence and the answers it presents are fundamentally different from the products obtained through human mental labor. Mental labor is an activity of objectifying human essential forces. In mental labor, humans infuse all their powers—including all rationality such as knowledge and rules, as well as all emotions such as desires, moral sense, will, ideals, beliefs, and aesthetic tastes—into conceptually formed things and condense them into spiritual and cultural products. These spiritual and cultural products not only embody rationality such as knowledge but also contain all socialized emotions, thus being able to meet the comprehensive needs of humans. In contrast, the process of generative artificial intelligence generating content is not a process of objectifying human labor. Artificial intelligence cannot objectify rationality such as knowledge expressed in natural language. Moreover, because artificial intelligence is not a living entity, it has no instinctual drives, physiological needs, no desires arising from the primordial impulses of life, no emotions and feelings stemming from the satisfaction of needs. Therefore, it cannot objectify all sensibilities such as emotions, will, ideals, beliefs, and aesthetics. Consequently, the new content and new products generated by artificial intelligence cannot meet human emotional needs, and in principle, they cannot be directly consumed as final products; they can never replace human labor.

生成式人工智能功能如此强大，有人因此担心人工智能会使人类记忆力、分析力、判断力等能力下降，会危及人类的主体性。实际上，人工智能生成的产品、呈现的答案，根本不同于人类脑力劳动获得的产品。脑力劳动属于人的本质力量的对象化活动，在脑力劳动中，人将自身的全部力量，既包括人的知识、规则等全部理性，还包括人的愿望、道德感、意志、理想、信念、审美情趣等全部情感，渗透到观念形态的事物中，凝结在精神文化产品上。这些精神文化产品不仅体现着知识等理性，而且还内含全部社会化的情感，因而能够满足人的全面性需要。而人工智能生成内容过程不是人的劳动对象化过程，人工智能无法将自然语言表达的知识等理性对象化，同时因为人工智能不是生命体，没有本能欲求、生理需要，没有来自生命原始冲动的那种欲望，没有源于需要满足而产生的情绪情感，不会有情感、意志、理想、信念、审美等全部感性的对象化，因而人工智能生成的新内容、新产品不能满足人的情感需要，原则上也不能作为最终产品直接消费，永远无法代替人类劳动。

The great value of artificial intelligence lies in assisting the human brain in processing information and greatly liberating mental labor. Artificial intelligence, based on massive data, builds models and proposes new solutions, schemas, or new content for solving problems. It can provide infinitely rich materials, tools, or conditions for human mental labor, stimulate human imagination and creativity, provide unprecedented convenience for the human brain to construct conceptual products, greatly improve the efficiency of mental labor, and promote a new qualitative leap in the development of productive forces, driving changes in the mode of production. Therefore, the liberation of mental labor by the digital-intelligence technology system, empowered by artificial intelligence, is the most core and critical content of the new round of technological revolution.

人工智能的重大价值在于协助人脑处理信息，极大解放脑力劳动。人工智能基于海量数据建构模型，提出解决问题的新方案、图式或新内容，可以为人类脑力劳动提供无限丰富的资料、工具或条件，激发人的想象力和创新力，为人脑建构观念产品提供前所未有的便捷，极大地提高脑力劳动效率，推动生产力实现新的质的飞跃发展，推动社会生产方式发生变革。因而数字智能技术体系加持人工智能极大解放脑力劳动是新一轮科技革命的最核心、最关键的内容。

III. The Liberation of Mental Labor Driving Changes in the Mode of Production is an Important Achievement of the New Round of Technological Revolution

三、脑力劳动解放推动生产方式变革是新一轮科技革命的重要成果

In the current era, the digital-intelligence technology liberates mental labor, greatly increasing the efficiency of the process of "conceptually transforming things" in labor—that is, the process of concept construction in the human brain—and is driving unprecedented major changes in the mode of production. This is mainly manifested in: data becoming a new type of important and critical factor of production; the rise of digital content production using data as raw material, driving digital cultural production to become a new engine of economic development. At the same time, the digital-intelligence technology system, empowered by the Internet, promotes division of labor, cooperation, and socialization of labor to an unprecedented breadth and depth. However, the changes in the mode of production driven by digital-intelligence technology are influenced and constrained by the social system. Capitalist private ownership and the logic of capital are incompatible with the development requirements of new productive forces led by digital-intelligence technology; they go in opposite directions. In contrast, socialist public ownership, with its institutional design and value pursuit of "common possession and use of the means of production by the whole society," complements and promotes the development of new productive forces led by digital-intelligence technology, achieving a true unity of science and labor.

当今时代，数字智能技术解放脑力劳动，极大提高劳动“观念地改造事物”的过程即人脑观念建构过程的效率，正在推动生产方式发生前所未有的大变革。主要表现在：数据成为新型的重要的起关键性作用的生产要素，以数据为原料的数字内容生产的兴起推动数字化文化生产成为经济发展新引擎。同时，数字智能技术体系加持互联网推动分工协作、劳动社会化达到前所未有的广度和深度。但是，数字智能技术推动的新生产方式变革受到社会制度的影响和制约，资本主义私有制和资本逻辑不适应数字智能技术主导的新生产力发展要求，二者相背而行；而社会主义公有制对“生产资料全社会共同占有和使用”的制度设计、价值追求与数字智能技术主导的新生产力发展相辅相成、相互促进，科学与劳动实现真正统一。

1. Change in the Content of Means of Production: Big Data Becoming a Critical Factor of Production

1.生产资料内容变革：大数据成为起关键性作用的生产要素

The liberation of mental labor and the great increase in the efficiency of human brain concept construction are achieved through the empowerment of artificial intelligence machine learning by the digital-intelligence technology. Data is the "raw material" for artificial intelligence to build models. Without data, nothing can be discussed. Data is the rice for cooking and the ingredient for making delicacies in the digital-intelligence technology system. The quantity, quality, and diversity of data directly determine the performance of the model, thereby directly affecting the efficiency of the human brain in processing information and constructing concepts, and determining the quality of the intelligence of the entire labor process. Thus, data becomes the core and key element for the liberation of mental labor and, consequently, the entire labor process in the digital-intelligence era. "The vast ocean of data is like the petroleum resources of industrial society, containing enormous productive forces and business opportunities. Whoever masters big data technology masters the resources and initiative for development." "We must build a digital economy with data as the key factor." Data is a new type of means of production following land, labor, capital, technology, etc., and it is an important and critical factor of production.

脑力劳动解放、人脑观念建构效率的极大提高是通过数字智能技术加持人工智能机器学习实现的，数据是人工智能建构模型的“原材料”。没有数据，一切都无从谈起。数据是数字智能技术体系做饭的米、制作美味佳肴的食材，数据的数量、质量及多样性直接决定模型的性能，从而直接影响人脑处理信息、进行观念建构的效率，决定劳动全过程智能化的质量。由此，数据成为数字智能时代脑力劳动进而是全劳动过程获得解放的核心与关键要素。“浩瀚的数据海洋就如同工业社会的石油资源，蕴含着巨大生产力和商机，谁掌握了大数据技术，谁就掌握了发展的资源和主动权。”“要构建以数据为关键要素的数字经济”。数据是继土地、劳动力、资本、技术等之后的新型生产资料，而且是重要的、起关键作用的生产要素。

As digitized information, data is the result of the human brain's reflection of the objective world, belonging to the category of consciousness and concepts, and to the non-material elements of the means of production. Therefore, data is fundamentally different from material elements such as land, capital, machinery, and energy. Material resources have the characteristics of wear and tear in use, exclusivity, scarcity, and diminishing value through sharing. In contrast, data has the characteristics of easy replicability (data can be quickly copied at near-zero cost), non-exclusivity in use (it can be used simultaneously by countless individuals and can be reused infinitely), and thus is inexhaustible and non-scarce. Importantly, data has the characteristic of increasing value through sharing. Sharing an item leads to a decrease in use value, but sharing data not only does not reduce its use value but actually increases it. The value of data lies not in possession but in use. Schönberger, in *Big Data*, points out: "The key to the value of data is the seemingly infinite reuse of data; the value of data lies in its use, not in possession itself." People acquire data for the purpose of using it and creating value, not for possessing it. Mere possession without use renders data meaningless. The more data is shared and used, the more valuable it becomes, and the greater the value it can create. At the same time, the blockchain network based on the digital-intelligence technology system constructs network coordination mechanisms, technically endorsed trust mechanisms, and data rights confirmation mechanisms, tracking data flow and protecting data privacy, creating conditions for an open, decentralized, and trustworthy environment for data exchange and sharing. This lays the technical foundation for the universal exchange, sharing, use, and valorization of data resources across society.

作为数字化的信息，数据是人脑对客观世界的反映结果，属于意识、观念范畴，属于生产资料的非实体性要素。因此，数据根本不同于土地、资本、机器、能源等实体性要素。实体性资源具有使用损耗性、排他性、稀缺性及共享减值性，而数据具有易复制性（数据可以近乎零成本方式快速复制），使用具有非排他性（可以同时供无数个人共同使用，可以无限重复使用），因而取之不尽、用之不竭，具有非稀缺性。重要的是数据具有共享增值性，物品共享会导致使用价值减少，但是数据共享不仅不会使使用价值减少，反而会使之增大。数据的价值不在于占有，而在于使用。舍恩伯格在《大数据时代》中指出：“数据价值的关键是看似无限的再利用数据价值在于它的使用，而不是占有本身。”人们获取数据的目的是使用数据、创造价值，而不是占有数据；单纯占有而不使用，数据就会失去意义。数据越共享、越使用越有价值，越能创造更大价值。同时，基于数字智能技术体系的区块链网络建构网络协同机制、技术背书的信任机制及数据确权机制等，追踪数据流转、保护数据隐私，为形成开放性、去中心化的可信数据交流、共享环境创造了条件。由此，人们可以在不交换数据所有权的前提下，交换、共享数据使用价值，这就为数据资源的全社会普遍交流、共享、使用及价值化奠定了技术基础。

Precisely because data, as information, is different from physical objects, data ownership and property rights are conceptually different concepts. The validity of property rights is based on the limited nature of resources, exclusivity in use, and diminishing value through sharing. Data, however, has the characteristics of easy replicability, non-exclusivity in use, and increasing value through sharing. Therefore, the issue of data ownership cannot be understood through the mindset of property rights. When people buy physical products, they aim to obtain ownership of the item. However, when digital products created by people on the Internet form data, once published and revenue is obtained, they spread across the entire network and become resources shared by the whole society. Therefore, people are usually willing to pay for digital products not because of their ownership, but because of their unique creativity and individuality, which can fully satisfy people's emotional needs and spiritual pursuits. Consequently, once digital product data is published, it becomes very difficult to charge consumers again. Thus, although the legal significance of copyright for digital products is important, its economic significance is gradually weakening.

正因为数据作为信息不同于物，所以数据所有权与物权就是性质不同的概念。物权的有效性建立在资源有限性、使用排他性、共享减值性的基础上，而数据具有易复制性、使用非排他性、共享增值性，因此不能用物权的思维理解数据的所有权问题。人们购买实物产品是为了获得物品的所有权，然而人们在互联网上创造的数字产品形成数据一经发布、获得收益后，就会在全网传播，成为全社会共有资源。因此，人们愿意为数字产品付费通常并不是因为它的所有权，而是因为它的独特创意和个性能充分满足人们的情感需要和精神追求。因此，数字产品形成数据一经发布之后再向消费者收费就会非常困难。因而，尽管数字产品版权的法律意义重大，但是在经济上的意义却日渐削弱。

In the current era, among the constituent elements of the means of production, data is the core and critical factor of production. Material elements such as land, capital, machinery, and energy cannot realize their value well without the empowerment of data. Therefore, with the continuous development of digital-intelligence technology, the sharing and non-scarcity characteristics of data resources will inevitably diminish the traditional importance of private ownership of the means of production. However, under capitalist conditions, the logic of capital and its profit-seeking nature lead capitalists to always try to strengthen the monopoly and control of digital products and data resources, seeking to make a huge profit at one stroke, and to restrict and hinder the universal exchange, sharing, and use of digital products and data resources across society. This contradicts the objective requirements of the development of new productive forces led by digital-intelligence technology. In fact, capitalists are also unable to resist the wave of data resource sharing and value increase. Socialism, with the people as its value standpoint, makes every effort to promote the sharing, common use, co-construction, and co-management of data resources across society. While ensuring security, it provides public data to the whole society in accordance with laws and regulations, and stimulates the activity of the data trading market through measures such as listing data assets in the balance sheet, promoting enterprises' in-depth development and utilization of data. The institutional design and value pursuit of socialist public ownership—"common possession of the means of production by the whole society, to be used jointly by all for the benefit of all"—are mutually adaptive, complementary, and mutually reinforcing with the development of new productive forces led by digital-intelligence technology.

当今时代，在生产资料的构成要素中，数据是核心的、起关键性作用的生产要素，土地、资本、机器、能源等实体性要素如果没有数据加持，就不能很好地实现其价值。因此，随着数字智能技术的持续发展，数据资源的共享增值性和非稀缺性使生产资料的私有权必将失去传统意义上的重要性。但是，在资本主义条件下，资本逻辑及其谋利本性使资本家总是千方百计地加强对数字产品及数据资源的垄断和控制，试图一本万利，极力限制、阻碍数字产品、数据资源的全社会普遍交流、共享和使用，这就违背了数字智能技术主导的新生产力发展的客观要求。而事实上资本家也无法抵挡数据资源共享增值的浪潮。社会主义以人民群众为价值立场，千方百计地促进数据资源的全社会共享、共用、共建、共管，在确保安全的前提下，依法依规将公共数据向全社会提供，并通过数据资产入表等激发数据交易市场活跃，促进企业对数据的深度开发利用。社会主义公有制对生产资料全社会共同占有、“供全体为了全体利益而共同利用”的制度设计和价值追求与数字智能技术主导的新生产力发展相互适应，相辅相成，相互促进。

2. Change in the Form of Labor: Digital Content Production Using Data as Raw Material Drives Cultural Production to Become a New Engine of Economic Development

2.劳动形式变革：以数据为原料的数字内容生产推动文化生产成为经济发展新引擎

In the current era, with the support of the digital-intelligence technology system, artificial intelligence assists the human brain in processing information, greatly liberating mental labor, thereby promoting digital content production to become a new production field, bringing spiritual and cultural production to an unprecedented breadth and depth.

当今时代，在数字智能技术体系支持下，人工智能协助人脑处理信息，极大地解放脑力劳动，从而推动数字内容生产成为新生产领域，使精神文化生产达到前所未有的广度和深度。

Digital content production refers to the production of creative and innovative digital products by creators based on Internet platforms and massive data resources, using AI models and digital content creation tools. People infuse their emotions, reason, knowledge, etc., into real-life production and life scenarios, recording them in various forms such as text, video, images, and audio, forming digital content products and obtaining economic benefits.

数字内容生产是指创作者基于互联网平台和海量数据资源，借助ＡＩ模型和数字内容制作工具，生产有创意、有创新内容的数字产品。人们把自己的情感、理智、知识等渗透到现实的生产、生活的场景中，以文本、视频、图片、音频等多种形式拍摄、记录下来，形成的数字内容产品，并获得经济效益。

Although data exists in various forms such as text, video, images, and audio, its essence is digitized information, belonging to the category of ideas and concepts. Therefore, it can be copied, edited, and conceptually reorganized and recreated. Consequently, the essence of people using data resources for digital content production is spiritual and cultural production. On the one hand, with the support of the digital-intelligence technology system, the Internet provides an incredibly rich supply of data resources for digital content production. Anyone connected to the Internet can access them. At the same time, it provides a platform that transcends time, space, and trust for digital content production. "The term 'platform' has actually become a general term for all online spaces of an era, supporting the work of all creators today." The Internet is not only a channel or means for people to acquire data resources and interact with each other, but also a space for users to create content and collaborate innovatively, as well as a platform for people to obtain services and meet their needs. Therefore, it is the field for digital content production and the sharing, promotion, management, and operation of digital products. On the other hand, in digital content creation, people increasingly rely on various professional digital content creation tools or services. In terms of content creativity, artificial intelligence, especially the generative artificial intelligence that has been booming in recent years, increasingly demonstrates its powerful capabilities. It can generate multi-modal content according to human needs, and can also efficiently convert modalities such as text, code, video, and audio, thereby providing new solutions, new schemas, or new content that do not exist in the real world for solving problems, offering infinitely rich materials, conditions, or tools for human brain concept construction and, subsequently, for spiritual and cultural production, for people to refer to and use. In terms of content production, Internet content production technologies or tools, such as computer vision technology, multimedia processing technology, increasingly sophisticated audio and video editing tools, photo editing and image creation tools, and innovative materials such as borders, stickers, templates, special effects, and other production tools and services, help people process digital content works to make them more distinctive. Professional digital content creation tools or services make the generation of digital content more automated and efficient, and importantly, greatly lower the professional threshold for digital content creation, enabling every ordinary person who can use a mobile phone or computer to go online to engage in digital content production and cultural creation.

数据虽以文本、视频、图片、音频等多种形式存在，但它的本质就是数字化信息，属于思想观念范畴，因此可以复制、编辑，可以观念重组、再造，所以人们运用数据资源进行数字内容生产的实质就是精神文化生产。一方面，在数字智能技术体系支持下，互联网为人们进行数字内容生产提供无比丰富的数据资源，只要连接网络，人人都能获取；同时，也为人们进行数字内容生产提供了一个超越时空和信任的平台。“‘平台’这个词实际上已成为一个时代的所有在线空间的统称，这些空间支撑了今天所有创作者的工作”。互联网不仅是人们获取数据资源、彼此交往的途径或渠道，也是用户进行内容创作、协同创新的空间，同时也是人们获得服务、满足需要的平台，因此是数字内容生产及数字产品分享、推广、管理和运营的场域。另一方面，人们在进行数字内容创作中越来越借助各种各类专业的数字内容制作工具或服务来完成。在内容创意方面，人工智能特别是近几年火爆的生成式人工智能日益显示出其强大功能，它能根据人类的需要进行多模态的内容生成，还可以将文字、代码、视频、音频等进行高效的模态转换，从而为人们解决问题提出现实世界没有的新方案、新图式或新内容等，为人脑观念建构、进而为精神文化生产提供无限丰富的资料、条件或工具，供人们参考和使用。在内容制作方面，互联网内容制作技术或工具，如计算机视觉技术、多媒体处理技术，日益完善的音频和视频剪辑工具、美图修图制图工具及创新素材如边框、贴纸、模板、特效等制作工具及服务，可以帮助人们加工数字内容作品，使其更具特色。专业的数字内容制作工具或服务使数字内容的生成更加自动化和高效，并且重要的是大大降低了数字内容创作的专业门槛，使每一位会使用手机、电脑等上网的普通民众都可以进行数字内容生产和文化创作。

The main characteristics of digital cultural production are as follows: First, the democratization of creative subjects. As long as one is online, everyone can access massive data and digital content creation tools on the Internet. Therefore, the threshold for digital cultural production is relatively low, and everyone can become a subject of content creation and cultural production. Second, the content of digital cultural production is infinitely rich and can be combined with all fields of human production and life. People can record all scenes of daily production, work, study, shopping, cooking, etc., in the form of videos or images, forming digital products. Third, digital content production fully demonstrates the innovation and individuality of culture. Any concept construction and cultural production activity is a process in which the creator, through individual thinking abilities such as imagination, transforms conceptually existing things in the mind, creating new content, new solutions, new schemas, and other ideal forms that do not exist in reality. With the help of digital production materials that can be obtained instantly on the Internet, the innovation and individuality of digital cultural production are given full play. In particular, the objectification of the creator's comprehensive emotions, such as aesthetic sense and moral sense, enables digital products to fully satisfy people's emotional needs and spiritual pursuits. The above characteristics of digital cultural production determine the current trend of integration and convergence of cultural production and material production, i.e., the culturalization of material production. However, digital cultural production is not a separate field detached from material production; it is directly integrated with material production. People integrate novel and emotional creative ideas into material production. Culturalized material products not only meet functional needs but also satisfy emotional needs and spiritual pursuits such as entertainment and aesthetics, thus having a broader market. Consequently, digital cultural production promotes cross-border integration, fosters cross-disciplinary convergence, and creates infinitely rich and ever-changing new industries, new business formats, and new models, thereby becoming a new engine of socio-economic development today.

数字化文化生产的主要特点表现在：一是创作主体大众化。只要上网，每个人都可以在互联网上获取海量数据及数字内容制作工具，因而数字化文化生产门槛较低，人人都可以成为内容创作、文化生产主体。二是数字化文化生产内容无限丰富，可以与人类生产、生活的所有领域相结合。人们可以把日常生产、工作、学习、购物、做饭等所有生产、生活场景拍摄、记录下来，形成数字产品。三是数字内容生产充分彰显文化的创新性和个性。任何观念建构、文化生产活动都是通过创作者个体想象等思维力，在头脑中改造观念形态的事物，创造出现实中没有的新内容、新方案、新图式等理想存在的过程。借助互联网上即时即地获取的数字化生产资料，数字化文化生产的创新性和个性得到空前发挥，特别是创作者的美感、道德感等全面情感的对象化，使数字产品能够充分满足人们的情感需要、精神追求。上述数字化文化生产的特点决定了当今文化生产与物质生产的融合化、一体化趋势，亦即物质生产的文化化趋势。但是，数字化文化生产并不是脱离物质生产的另一个领域，而是与物质生产直接融合在一起，人们把富有个性、情感的新奇创意融入物质生产中，文化化的物质产品在满足人们功能性需要的同时，也满足娱乐、审美等情感需要和精神追求，因而市场更加广阔。由此，数字化文化生产促进跨界融合，促进各领域交叉整合，形成无限丰富、日新月异的新产业、新业态、新模式，从而成为当今社会经济发展新引擎。

The characteristics of digital cultural production determine that the key to contemporary cultural production lies in the creators' unique creativity, individuality, and objectification of emotions, and thus it is suitable to adopt a flexible, individualized, small-scale, distributed production model. The capitalist model of centralization, mass production, and wage labor is a production model formed in adaptation to traditional technology and productive forces. It is suitable for the traditional material production field, and this model also facilitates capitalists in reaping exorbitant profits. However, this production model comes at the cost of sacrificing product diversity; products lack individuality, lack the objectification of workers' emotions, and cannot meet people's diverse needs. Therefore, the capitalist logic of employment and accumulation is not suitable for digital cultural production, and is increasingly unsuited to the trends and requirements of the culturalization of material production. The purpose of socialist production is to meet the people's ever-growing needs for a better life. Socialist countries pay attention to the increasingly rich cultural life of the people and the general improvement of their spiritual realm, and do everything possible to guide and promote innovation, emphasizing that 'innovation is the primary driving force for development. To pursue innovation is to pursue development, and to plan for innovation is to plan for the future,' and 'innovation must be made the new engine driving development.' Therefore, socialist countries actively guide mass entrepreneurship and innovation [3]3 A Chinese policy slogan encouraging mass entrepreneurship and innovation, particularly promoted by the government in the 2010s., support the development of small and micro enterprises, and open up new avenues for convenient entrepreneurship and flexible employment, create a new environment for distributed production, establish systems and mechanisms adapted to digital cultural production, and lead industrial transformation and material production transformation with digital cultural production. It is precisely this cultural environment formed by socialist value pursuits and the logic of innovation that has enabled the Chinese domestic enterprise DeepSeek [4]4 A Chinese AI company (DeepSeek), known for developing large language models and algorithmic innovations. to emerge, breaking the traditional logic of scale expansion through algorithmic innovation, and deconstructing the exploitative capacity of capitalist enterprises such as Nvidia and OpenAI, which rely on chip and computing power hegemony and closed-source strategies.

数字化文化生产的特点决定了当今文化生产的关键在于创作者的独特创意、个性及情感对象化，因而适合采用具有灵活性、个性的小规模、分布式生产模式。资本主义的集中化、大批量、雇佣制模式是适应传统技术和生产力而形成的生产模式，适合传统物质生产领域，这种模式也有利于资本家牟取暴利，但这种生产模式以牺牲产品的多样性为代价，产品缺乏个性，缺乏劳动者情感对象化，不能满足人们多方面需要。因而，资本雇佣逻辑和增殖逻辑不适合数字化文化生产，也越来越不适应物质生产文化化的趋势和要求。而社会主义生产的目的是满足人民群众日益增长的美好生活需要，社会主义国家关注人民群众文化生活的日益丰富和精神境界的普遍提高，千方百计引导、促进创新，强调“创新是引领发展的第一动力。抓创新就是抓发展，谋创新就是谋未来”，“必须让创新成为驱动发展新引擎。”因而社会主义国家积极引导大众创业、万众创新，支持小微企业发展，并开拓便捷创业、灵活就业的新途径，创造分布式生产新环境，建立适应数字化文化生产的体制机制，以数字文化生产引领产业变革及物质生产变革。正是这种社会主义价值追求和创新逻辑所形成的文化环境，使中国本土企业深度求索横空出世，以算法创新打破传统的规模扩张逻辑，解构英伟达、OpenAI等资本主义企业依靠芯片、算力霸权及闭源策略的剥削能力。

3. Organizational Change: The Division of Labor and Collaboration Based on the Internet, and the Socialization of Labor Reach Unprecedented Breadth and Depth

3.组织方式变革：基于互联网的分工协作、劳动社会化达到前所未有的广度和深度

Close division of labor and collaboration, and the deepening of the socialization of labor, are inevitable requirements and trends of human production development. Marx emphasized that the division of labor and collaboration are productive forces. 'The division of labor simplifies labor, makes it easier to learn, and thereby reduces the total cost of producing labor power'; 'the basic premise of the division of labor is the same as the basic premise of expanding capital, that is, collaboration'; collaboration 'creates a productive force that is itself necessarily a collective force.' While the division of labor is refined, collaboration must deepen, thereby promoting the in-depth development of the socialization of labor: 'Labor itself is organized into social labor through collaboration, division of labor, and the combination of labor with natural science.' Socialized labor is common labor linked by people's mutual division of labor and collaboration. The continuous deepening of the socialization of labor is an inevitable trend that human labor realizes with the development of productive forces and the progress of science and technology.

分工协作密切、劳动社会化程度加深是人类生产发展的必然要求和趋势。马克思强调分工、协作是生产力，“分工简化了劳动，使劳动更容易学会，从而减少了生产劳动能力的总的费用”；“分工的基本前提同扩大资本的基本前提一样，是协作”，协作“创造了一种生产力，这种生产力本身必然是集体力”。分工细化的同时协作必须深化，从而推动劳动社会化深入发展，“劳动本身由于协作、分工以及劳动和自然科学的结合而组织成为社会的劳动”，社会化劳动是由人们彼此分工协作而联系起来的共同劳动，劳动社会化不断深化是人类劳动随着生产力发展、科学技术进步而不断实现的必然趋势。

In the current era, labor is combined with the digital intelligent technology system. On the one hand, in the field of digital cultural production that leads contemporary social and economic development, the means of spiritual production—namely, the massive data resources on the Internet and digital content creation tools—are universally shareable and social, and everyone can easily obtain them. Laborers combine directly with the means of spiritual production to carry out cultural production based on Internet platforms. The production process of laborers' new ideas and digital products is a universally realized social production by means of the labor achievements of others. Once the ownership of data and digital content products is realized through forms such as tokens and NFTs (non-fungible tokens), they can reach consumers directly through Internet platforms, and individual labor can become social labor directly without going through circuitous paths. Therefore, the socialization of labor in digital cultural production has reached an unprecedented height and depth, greatly improving efficiency. On the other hand, the Internet, supported by the digital intelligent technology system, increasingly directly connects all elements, links, and processes of socialized production, removing all unnecessary intermediary links, and constructing an unprecedented large platform for division of labor and collaboration. It directly connects the production field with the consumption field, continuously reducing commercial intermediary links, promoting the integration of production and consumption, and promoting the realization of planned production based on sales. At the same time, the intelligent Internet under the blockchain architecture not only connects all links and elements within each enterprise and unit organization in real time and on the spot, but also connects all fields, industries, and enterprises in society in real time and on the spot, and connects all countries and regions in the world in real time and on the spot. It integrates and converges the innovation chain, industrial chain, and value chain with the help of Internet platforms, enabling division of labor and collaboration in real time and on the spot beyond time, space, and trust, promoting global economic integration and the socialization of production to an unprecedented new height.

当今时代，劳动与数字智能技术体系相结合，一方面，在引领当今社会经济发展的数字化文化生产领域，精神生产资料即互联网上的海量数据资源和数字内容制作工具具有普遍共享性和社会性，每个人都可以很容易获得，劳动者与精神生产资料直接结合，基于互联网平台进行文化生产。劳动者的新创意及数字产品的生产过程是借助他人的劳动成果而普遍实现的社会化生产。数据、数字内容产品的所有权通过Token（代币、令牌或通证）、NFT（非同质化代币）等形式实现后，就可以通过互联网平台直接到达消费者手中，则个体劳动不用经过迂回的道路而直接成为社会劳动。因此，数字化文化生产中劳动社会化达到前所未有的高度和深度，极大地提高效率。另一方面，基于数字智能技术体系支持的互联网日益将社会化生产的一切要素、环节、过程等直接联系起来，去除一切不必要的中介环节，构建了一个前所未有的分工协作大平台，将生产领域与消费领域直接连接起来，不断减少商业中介环节，促进生产与消费一体化，促进以销定产的计划生产实现。同时，区块链构架的智能互联网不仅将各个企业、单位组织内部的各个环节、各个要素等即时即地联系起来，而且将社会上各个领域、各个行业、各个企业即时即地联系起来，将全球各个国家、各个地区即时即地联系起来，使创新链、产业链、价值链借助互联网平台而整合、汇聚，超越时间、空间和信任而即时即地分工协作，推动全球经济一体化、生产社会化达到前所未有的新高度。

Capitalist private ownership causes the division of interests among people, leaving them in a state of separation, opposition, and universal competition. The intercourse and division of labor and collaboration among people are realized through the medium of commodities and money, appearing as atomistic relations, characterized by superficiality, externality, and fragmentation. This form of social production organization, formed under traditional technological conditions, is becoming an internal limitation to the deep socialization of labor and the universal realization of highly close division of labor and collaboration achieved by combining labor with digital intelligent technology in the current digital era. For their own selfish interests, the capitalist countries of the United States and the West adhere to the logic of hegemony and Cold War mentality, and persist in traditional property rights thinking. This leads them, in the era of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation dominated by digital intelligent technology, and in the era of deep globalization and integration of the world economy, to go against globalization, engage in unilateralism, 'decouple and sever supply chains' [5]5 A term used in the context of US-China trade tensions, referring to the practice of reducing economic interdependence by decoupling supply chains., adopt various protectionist measures, and hinder the process of global integration. In contrast, socialist countries actively advocate and promote the joint construction and sharing of all countries in the world, promote the deep development of division of labor and collaboration and the socialization of labor based on digital intelligent technology, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and advocate that 'all countries should deepen practical cooperation, take shared progress as the driving force and win-win results as the goal, and blaze a path of mutual trust and shared governance,' and 'strengthen communication, expand consensus, deepen cooperation, and jointly build a community with a shared future in cyberspace.' Socialist China, through advocating and building the Belt and Road Initiative, actively promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

资本主义私有制造成人们之间利益分割，彼此处于分离、对立和普遍竞争的状态，人们之间的交往及分工协作依靠商品、货币为中介来实现，表现为原子式联系，具有表面性、外部性和分割性特点。这种形成于传统技术条件下的社会生产组织形式在当今数字时代，正在成为劳动与数字智能技术相结合实现的劳动深度社会化、分工协作高度密切性普遍实现的内在限制。美西方资本主义国家为了一己私利，坚持霸权逻辑和冷战思维，坚持传统物权思维，这使得它在这个数字智能技术主导的新一轮科技革命和产业变革的时代，在世界经济深度全球化、一体化的时代，逆全球化而行，大搞单边主义，“脱钩断链”，采取多种保护主义，阻碍全球一体化进程。相反，社会主义国家积极倡导和促进世界各个国家共建共享，推动基于数字智能技术实现的分工协作和劳动社会化的深度发展，推动构建人类命运共同体，主张“各国应该深化务实合作，以共进为动力、以共赢为目标，走出一条互信共治之路”，“加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体”。社会主义中国通过倡导和建设“一带一路”，积极推动构建人类命运共同体。

Marx pointed out that the future society 'is conceived as a free association of individuals who work with the means of production held in common, and consciously expend their many individual labor powers as one social labor power. There, all the stipulations of Robinson's labor are repeated, but on a social, not an individual scale.' [6]6 A quotation from Karl Marx, Capital, Volume 1, Chapter 1, Section 4, describing the 'association of free individuals' in a future communist society. In the future society, under the conditions of common ownership and common use of the means of production by the whole society, the closeness of the division of labor and collaboration among people is just like 'one social labor power.' This was unimaginable under traditional technological conditions, but in the current era, the digital intelligent technology system is creating unprecedented possibilities and conditions for the organizational coordination of 'one social labor power' and the deep development of the socialization of labor. Adapting to the objective requirements of the new round of scientific and technological revolution dominated by digital intelligent technology and the development of productive forces, socialism will inevitably reshape human civilization in a fair and reasonable manner.

马克思指出，未来社会“设想有一个自由人联合体，他们用公共的生产资料进行劳动，并且自觉地把他们许多个人劳动力当做一个社会劳动力来使用。在那里，鲁滨逊的劳动的一切规定又重演了，不过不是在个人身上，而是在社会范围内重演”③。在未来社会，在生产资料全社会共同占有、共同使用的条件下，人们之间分工协作的密切程度就如同“一个社会劳动力”。这在传统技术条件下是难以想象的，而当今时代，数字智能技术体系正在为“一个社会劳动力”的组织协同和劳动社会化的深度发展创造前所未有的可能和条件。社会主义适应数字智能技术主导的新一轮科技革命和生产力发展的客观要求，必将以公平合理的方式重塑人类文明。

(Author's biography: Zhang Jianyun, Professor at the School of Marxism, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Researcher at the Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者简介：张建云，中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院教授，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院研究员）

(This article is a phased outcome of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Innovation Engineering Project 'Research on the Integration of the Basic Principles of Marxism with China's Specific Realities and with the Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture' (2023MYYA01).)

（本文系中国社会科学院创新工程项目“马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合研究”（2023ＭＹＹＡ01）的阶段性成果）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心