Improve the Systems and Mechanisms for Developing New Quality Productive Forces According to Local Conditions

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed to “improve the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions.” On the new journey, we must persist in taking further comprehensive deepening of reform as the driving force, rely on improving systems and mechanisms as the foundation, accelerate the formation of relations of production that are more compatible with new quality productive forces, provide a strong guarantee for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and open up a new situation of high-quality development.

党的二十届三中全会提出，“健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”。新征程上，必须坚持以进一步全面深化改革为动力，以健全体制机制为依托，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系，为因地制宜发展新质生产力提供有力保障，开创高质量发展新局面。

Deeply Understand the Inherent Requirements for Developing New Quality Productive Forces According to Local Conditions

深刻理解因地制宜发展新质生产力的内在要求

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must firmly grasp the primary task of high-quality development and develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions. To deeply understand the inherent requirements for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, we must proceed from the basic viewpoints of Marxist political economy and grasp the dialectical laws of the movement of productive forces and relations of production.

习近平总书记强调，要牢牢把握高质量发展这个首要任务，因地制宜发展新质生产力。深刻理解因地制宜发展新质生产力的内在要求，必须从马克思主义政治经济学基本观点出发，把握生产力与生产关系的辩证运动规律。

Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions is an inevitable requirement of the objective laws of the development of productive forces. Marxism holds that productive forces, that is, the development of productive capacity and its elements, are the material premise of all social life and the most active and revolutionary element driving social progress. From the perspective of the elements of productive forces, the mode of combination of laborers, means of labor, and objects of labor in the labor process reflects the level of development of social productive forces. New quality productive forces are driven by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the leap in laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimized combination. They are characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and represent the direction of development of advanced productive forces. Since the formation and development of productive forces mainly depend on the organic combination of various production factors, and different regions differ in scientific and technological innovation capabilities, resource factor endowments, industrial development foundations, and development potential, this determines that the formation and development of new quality productive forces also have particularity of paths, diversity of forms, and variety of patterns, rather than a single model. Therefore, to develop new quality productive forces, we must base ourselves on the specific realities of each region and act according to local conditions. This can not only adapt to the development requirements of each region and respond to changes in different development environments, but also effectively leverage the comparative advantages of each region, optimize the combination of factors, and break away from inherent development models and traditional development paths, promoting innovative breakthroughs in the level of productive forces.

因地制宜发展新质生产力，是生产力发展客观规律的必然要求。马克思主义认为，生产力，即生产能力及其要素的发展，是全部社会生活的物质前提，是推动社会进步的最活跃、最革命的要素。从生产力要素来看，劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象在劳动过程中的组合方式体现了社会生产力的发展水平。新质生产力由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以高技术、高效能、高质量为特征，代表着先进生产力的发展方向。由于生产力的形成与发展主要依赖各种生产要素的有机结合，而不同地区在科技创新能力、资源要素禀赋、产业发展基础、发展潜力等方面存在差异，这就决定了新质生产力的形成与发展也存在路径的特殊性、形式的差异性、形态的多样性，而不是一种模式。因此，发展新质生产力，必须立足各地区具体实际，因地制宜，这既能适应各地区发展要求，应对不同的发展环境变化，又能有效发挥各地区比较优势，优化要素组合，还能跳出固有发展模式和传统发展路径，促进生产力水平的创新突破。

Developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions is the result of the operation of the dialectical law of the movement of productive forces and relations of production. Marxism holds that the development of productive forces promotes the emergence of new relations of production, and the formation of new relations of production will further influence the progress of social productive forces. Relations of production that adapt to productive forces can promote the development of productive forces, while relations of production that do not adapt to productive forces will hinder the development of productive forces. Since the formation of new relations of production generally lags behind the development of productive forces, the state and government can, through active adjustment of relations of production, promote the formation of new relations of production that meet the requirements of the development of productive forces. To this end, to develop new quality productive forces, we must fully consider the adaptability of relations of production and continuously promote the development of productive forces by adjusting and optimizing relations of production. The adjustment of relations of production involves all links of social reproduction, such as production, exchange, distribution, and consumption. It must follow the development requirements of a high-level socialist market economy system, conform to the laws of the development of the times, act according to local conditions based on the actual development of productive forces in each region and industry, improve the systems, mechanisms, rules, and policies that match the development of productive forces, stimulate market vitality and social creativity, and promote the diversified and sustainable development of new quality productive forces.

因地制宜发展新质生产力，是生产力与生产关系辩证运动规律的作用结果。马克思主义认为，生产力发展促进新型生产关系的出现，新型生产关系的形成也将进一步影响社会生产力前进。适应生产力的生产关系能够促进生产力的发展，而不适应生产力的生产关系则会阻碍生产力的发展。由于新型生产关系的形成一般会落后于生产力的发展，因此国家和政府可以通过对生产关系的主动调整，促进适应生产力发展要求的新型生产关系形成。为此，发展新质生产力，必须充分考虑生产关系的适应性，不断通过调整和优化生产关系来促进生产力的发展。对生产关系的调整涉及生产、交换、分配、消费等社会再生产的各个环节，必须遵循高水平社会主义市场经济体制发展要求、顺应时代发展规律，根据各地区各行业生产力发展实际，做到因地制宜，健全与生产力发展相匹配的体制、机制、规则和政策，激发市场活力和社会创造力，促进新质生产力的多样化、可持续发展。

Adhere to a Systems Approach and Improve Systems and Mechanisms

坚持系统观念，健全体制机制

To develop new quality productive forces, we must further comprehensively deepen reform, adhere to a systems approach, improve the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation as the lead, promote the concentration of various advanced production factors towards the development of new quality productive forces, coordinate the promotion of the upgrading of traditional industries, the growth of emerging industries, and the cultivation of future industries, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for the development of new quality productive forces.

发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，坚持系统观念，健全因地制宜发展新质生产力的体制机制，大力推动科技创新引领，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，统筹推进传统产业升级、新兴产业壮大、未来产业培育，为新质生产力发展提供强大动力和制度保障。

Build systems and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation to provide core impetus for the development of new quality productive forces. Scientific and technological innovation is the foundation and prerequisite for developing new quality productive forces. Scientific and technological innovation has its own objective laws, which requires building systems and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation, both to play the strategic guiding role of overall planning and to leverage the autonomous creativity of scientific researchers. On the one hand, scientifically formulate strategic plans, use the new system of mobilizing resources nationwide [1]1 The new system of mobilizing resources nationwide (新型举国体制) refers to a contemporary Chinese institutional mechanism that combines state strategic planning with market mechanisms to concentrate national resources on achieving breakthroughs in key technologies and strategic fields. to concentrate the innovation resources of the whole society, and accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening; on the other hand, optimize the innovation environment, strengthen industry-university-research cooperation between enterprises, universities, and research institutions, fully consider the autonomy and needs of scientific researchers according to the characteristics of different institutions, stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific researchers, and promote the transformation and application of more scientific and technological achievements. We should deepen the reform of the science and technology system, strengthen innovation in key common technologies, cutting-edge leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, enhance independent innovation capabilities, and promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology. Deepen the reform of the systems and mechanisms for talent development, strengthen talent incentive mechanisms, and establish a scientific and technological talent evaluation system oriented towards innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution. Strengthen the construction of scientific research teams, encourage cross-field and cross-industry innovation cooperation, break down industry barriers, and promote the sharing and flow of innovation resources. Deepen the reform of the industry-university-research cooperation mechanism, promote the formation of an innovation system with enterprises as the main body and efficient, deeply integrated industry-university-research collaboration, improve the efficiency of transforming scientific and technological achievements into actual productive forces, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial needs, ensure that scientific and technological development is closely linked to local realities, and avoid blind imitation and waste of resources.

构建支持全面创新体制机制，为发展新质生产力提供核心动力。科技创新是发展新质生产力的基础和前提。科技创新有其客观规律，这就要求构建支持全面创新体制机制，既发挥总体规划的战略引导作用，又发挥科研人员的自主创造力。一方面，科学制定战略规划，以新型举国体制凝聚全社会创新资源，加速实现高水平科技自立自强；另一方面，优化创新环境，加强企业、高校和科研机构之间的产学研合作，根据不同机构特点，充分考虑科研人员自主性和需求，激发科研人员的积极性，促进更多科技成果转化应用。应深化科技体制改革，加强关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新，提升自主创新能力，推动技术革命性突破。深化人才发展体制机制改革，强化人才激励机制，建立以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为导向的科技人才评价体系。加强科研团队建设，鼓励跨领域、跨行业的创新合作，打破行业壁垒，促进创新资源的共享和流动。深化产学研合作机制改革，推动形成企业为主体、产学研高效协同深度融合的创新体系，提高科技成果转化为现实生产力的效率，推动科技创新与产业需求的深度融合，确保科技发展与本地实际紧密相连，避免盲目跟风和资源浪费。

Optimize the systems and mechanisms for the allocation of production factors to provide basic conditions for the development of new quality productive forces. The concentration of various advanced production factors is a key condition for developing new quality productive forces. Advanced production factors cover high technology, high-quality talent, innovative management models, and efficient data resources. Optimizing the systems and mechanisms for the allocation of production factors can fully concentrate, deeply integrate, and efficiently allocate advanced production factors, which is conducive to promoting the formation and development of new quality productive forces. We should deepen the reform of the allocation mechanisms for factors such as land, labor, capital, technology, and data, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of factor allocation. Pay attention to leveraging the unique advantages of the market mechanism, let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, and promote the free flow of factors. At the same time, better play the role of the government, guide production factors to concentrate in the field of new quality productive forces with greater development potential, actively promote financial products to serve the development of new quality productive forces, strive to solve the capital factor bottlenecks and financial shortcomings that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, and strengthen the supervision of factor markets to prevent market failures and systemic risks.

优化生产要素配置的体制机制，为发展新质生产力提供基础条件。各类先进生产要素的集聚是发展新质生产力的关键条件。先进生产要素涵盖高技术、高素质人才、创新管理模式以及高效数据资源等，优化生产要素配置的体制机制，能够充分集聚、深度融合与高效配置先进生产要素，有利于推动新质生产力的形成与发展。应深化土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据等要素配置机制改革，提高要素配置效率和使用效益。注重发挥市场机制的独特优势，让市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用，促进要素的自由流动。同时更好发挥政府作用，引导生产要素向更具发展潜力的新质生产力领域集聚，积极推动金融产品为发展新质生产力服务，着力解决束缚新质生产力发展的资金要素瓶颈和金融短板，并加强要素市场监管，防止市场失灵和系统性风险的发生。

Improve the systems and mechanisms that support the development of the modernized industrial system to provide fundamental support for the development of new quality productive forces. The modernized industrial system is an important foundation for developing new quality productive forces. The resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions of different regions vary. This requires systems and mechanisms that support the development of the modernized industrial system, promoting different regions to proceed from reality, establish the new before abolishing the old, act according to local conditions, provide guidance by category, avoid the blind practice of “trying to grasp everything at once” [2]2 “Trying to grasp everything at once” (眉毛胡子一把抓) is a Chinese idiom literally meaning “to grab eyebrows and beard all at once,” used to describe a lack of prioritization or a scattergun approach., prioritize the development of new industries that match local resources, technology, and markets, ensure that their development can fully utilize local resource advantages, and increase the added value of the industrial chain. We should increase policy support for the technological transformation of traditional industries, use the upgrading of national standards to lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, support enterprises in using digital and intelligent technologies and green technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and promote the organic integration of new quality productive forces with traditional industries. At the same time, strengthen institutional constraints such as environmental protection and safety, promote the healthy development of traditional industries, and continuously promote innovation in development methods. Improve the development policies and governance systems for strategic industries such as the next generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries, and prevent the phenomenon of bubbles during the development of emerging industries. Strengthen the institutional supply for new fields and new tracks, establish a mechanism for increasing investment in future industries, and inject continuous new vitality into new quality productive forces.

健全支持现代化产业体系发展的体制机制，为发展新质生产力提供根本支撑。现代化产业体系是发展新质生产力的重要依托。不同地区的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等各不相同，这就需要支持现代化产业体系发展的体制机制，推动不同地区坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导，避免“眉毛胡子一把抓”的盲目做法，优先发展与本地资源、技术、市场相匹配的新产业，确保其发展能够充分利用本地的资源优势，提升产业链的附加值。应加大对传统产业技术改造的政策支持力度，以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级，支持企业用数智技术、绿色技术改造提升传统产业，推动新质生产力与传统产业的有机融合。同时加强环保、安全等制度约束，推动传统产业健康发展，不断推进发展方式创新。完善推动新一代信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、高端装备、生物医药、量子科技等战略性产业发展政策和治理体系，引导新兴产业健康有序发展，防止新兴产业发展过程中泡沫化现象。加强新领域新赛道的制度供给，建立未来产业投入增长机制，为新质生产力注入持续不断的新活力。

Online Editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗