Chinese-Path Modernization Will Surely Open Up Broad Prospects through Reform and Opening Up

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was a meeting of great importance held at a critical moment in the comprehensive advancement of building a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. The major strategic deployments and important outcomes achieved at the plenary session bear on the direction of the Party’s and the state’s undertakings and on the overall situation of reform and opening up and modernization. Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires further comprehensive deepening of reform, and further comprehensive deepening of reform must focus on Chinese-path modernization; the two are closely linked and internally unified. The “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Resolution”) adopted at the plenary session fully embodies the historical initiative of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi

党的二十届三中全会，是在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期召开的一次十分重要的会议。全会作出的重大战略部署、取得的重要成果，事关党和国家事业前进方向，事关改革开放和现代化建设全局。推进中国式现代化必须进一步全面深化改革，进一步全面深化改革必须聚焦中国式现代化，二者紧密联系、内在统一。全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的历史主动，是党的十八届三中全会以来全面深化改革的实践续篇，也是新时代新征程推进中国式现代化的时代新篇。学习好贯彻好党的二十届三中全会精神，要提高政治站位，增强思想自觉，深入领会和把握蕴含其中的重大意义。

I. The Practical Need to Unite Minds and Efforts to Realize the Grand Blueprint of Chinese-Path Modernization

一、凝心聚力实现中国式现代化宏伟蓝图的现实需要

General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “What does our Party rely on to inspire the people, unify thinking, and gather strength? What does it rely on to stimulate the creative spirit and creative vitality of all the people? What does it rely on to achieve China’s rapid economic and social development and gain comparative advantage in competition with capitalism? It relies on reform and opening up.” Practice has fully proven that in the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, China’s rapid strides to catch up with the times relied on reform and opening up. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, historic achievements and historic transformations in the cause of the Party and the state have also relied on reform and opening up. On the new journey of the New Era, to open up new prospects for Chinese-path modernization, we must still rely on reform and opening up. The 20th National Congress of the CPC drew up a grand blueprint for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, established the central task of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and made strategic deployments for advancing Chinese-path modernization. To implement these strategic deployments and turn the blueprint for Chinese-path modernization into reality, the fundamental approach lies in further deepening reform comprehensively. The current period and the period ahead is a critical period for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Facing complex and ever-changing international and domestic situations, facing a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and facing the new expectations of the people, we must closely focus on advancing Chinese-path modernization to further deepen reform comprehensively.

习近平总书记强调：“我们党靠什么来振奋民心、统一思想、凝聚力量？靠什么来激发全体人民的创造精神和创造活力？靠什么来实现我国经济社会快速发展、在与资本主义竞争中赢得比较优势？靠的就是改革开放。”实践充分证明，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我国大踏步赶上时代，靠的是改革开放。党的十八大以来，党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，靠的也是改革开放。新时代新征程上，要开创中国式现代化建设新局面，仍然要靠改革开放。党的二十大擘画了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图，确立了以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的中心任务，对推进中国式现代化作出战略部署。要把这些战略部署落到实处，把中国式现代化蓝图变为现实，根本在于进一步全面深化改革。当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，面对新一轮科技革命和产业变革，面对人民群众新期待，必须紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Reform must focus on solving prominent problems, let practice test it, let the grassroots judge it, and let the masses score it.” It can be said that the process of reform is precisely the process of constantly discovering problems, analyzing problems, and solving problems. From a domestic perspective, the prominent problem currently facing the promotion of high-quality development remains unbalanced and inadequate development. For example, the market system is still not well-developed, market development is still insufficient, the relationship between the government and the market has not yet been fully straightened out, innovation capacity does not meet the requirements of high-quality development, the industrial system as a whole is large but not strong, comprehensive but not refined, the situation of key core technologies being controlled by others has not fundamentally changed, the agricultural foundation is still not solid, the gap in urban-rural regional development and income distribution is still relatively large, and there are still shortcomings in people’s livelihood security and ecological environmental protection. These problems are all reflections of the change in the principal contradiction of society; they are problems in development, and they must be solved by further deepening reform comprehensively and promoting solutions from the institutional mechanisms. From an international perspective, the current changes unseen in a century are accelerating, local conflicts and turbulence are frequent, global issues are intensifying, external suppression and containment are constantly escalating, and China’s development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist, with increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors. Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events may occur at any time. To effectively respond to these risks and challenges and gain strategic initiative in the increasingly fierce international competition, we need to further deepen reform comprehensively, use well-established systems to prevent and resolve risks and effectively respond to challenges, foster new opportunities amidst crises, and open up new horizons amidst changes.

习近平总书记指出：“改革要在解决突出问题上下功夫，让实践来检验、让基层来评判、让群众来打分。”可以说，改革的过程就是不断发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程。从国内的角度看，当前推动高质量发展面临的突出问题依然是发展不平衡不充分。比如，市场体系仍不健全，市场发育还不充分，政府和市场的关系尚未完全理顺，创新能力不适应高质量发展要求，产业体系整体大而不强、全而不精，关键核心技术受制于人状况没有根本改变，农业基础还不稳固，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距仍然较大，民生保障、生态环境保护仍存短板。这些问题都是社会主要矛盾变化的反映，是发展中的问题，必须进一步全面深化改革，从体制机制上推动解决。从国际的角度看，当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，局部冲突和动荡频发，全球性问题加剧，来自外部的打压遏制不断升级，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生。有效应对这些风险挑战，在日趋激烈的国际竞争中赢得战略主动，需要我们进一步全面深化改革，用完善的制度防范化解风险、有效应对挑战，在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “Our modernization is both the most difficult and the greatest.” Achieving this great and difficult goal of Chinese-path modernization requires us to unite the will and strength for united struggle. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have used comprehensive deepening of reform to solve many long-standing problems that we wanted to solve but could not, accomplished many major tasks that we wanted to accomplish but could not, and promoted historic achievements and historic transformations in the various undertakings of the Party and the state. The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership and navigation of General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the entire Party, and in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization requires us to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, enhance the Four Consciousnesses, strengthen the Four Confidences, and achieve the Two Upholds, fully leverage the Party’s political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, and unite the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country under the Party’s banner into “a piece of hard steel.”

习近平总书记指出，“我们的现代化既是最难的，也是最伟大的”。实现中国式现代化这一伟大且艰难的目标，要求我们必须凝聚起团结奋斗的意志和力量。党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我们以全面深化改革解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题，办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事，推动党和国家各项事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。这些成就的取得，根本在于习近平总书记作为党中央的核心、全党的核心领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化，要求我们必须坚持和加强党的全面领导。要深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，充分发挥党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力，使全党全国各族人民在党的旗帜下团结成“一块坚硬的钢铁”。

II. The Historical Initiative to Improve and Develop the System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Advance the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity

二、完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的历史主动

“In establishing a state, the system must not be neglected.” [1]1 The “two unswervinglys” (两个毫不动摇) refer to the policy of unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector. Institutional advantage is a country’s greatest advantage, and institutional competition is the most fundamental competition between countries. What kind of national system and national governance system a country chooses is determined by its history, culture, social nature, and level of economic development. Upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity are major issues concerning the prosperity and development of the Party and the state, the long-term stability of the country, and the happiness and well-being of the people.

“凡将立国，制度不可不察也。”制度优势是一个国家的最大优势，制度竞争是国家间最根本的竞争。一个国家选择什么样的国家制度和国家治理体系，是由这个国家的历史文化、社会性质、经济发展水平决定的。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，是关系党和国家事业兴旺发达、国家长治久安、人民幸福安康的重大问题。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has highlighted the main line of institutional construction, improved various systems through comprehensive deepening of reform, promoted the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to become more mature and more well-defined, significantly raised the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and provided a strong institutional guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee involved 60 specific tasks and over 300 major measures, with a scope and intensity unprecedented in scale. The reform we promoted was all-encompassing, deep-seated, and fundamental; the achievements made were historic, revolutionary, and pioneering. The “Decision” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee clearly states that the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively is to continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. This overall goal is both consistent with the goals and tasks of comprehensively deepening reform proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee and in line with the strategic deployments made at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, pointing the direction for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央突出制度建设这条主线，通过全面深化改革完善各方面制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平明显提高，为全面建成小康社会提供了有力制度保障。党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》，其中涉及60项具体任务、300多项重大举措，范围之广、力度之大前所未有。我们推动的改革是全方位、深层次、根本性的，取得的成就是历史性、革命性、开创性的。党的二十届三中全会通过的《决定》明确提出，进一步全面深化改革的总目标是继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。这一总目标，既与党的十八届三中全会提出的全面深化改革目标任务一以贯之，又与党的二十大作出的战略部署一脉相承，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化指明了方向。

General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: “The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and China’s governance system did not fall from the sky; they grew

习近平总书记强调：“中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系不是从天上掉下来的，而是在中国的社会土壤中生长起来的，是经过革命、建设、改革长期实践形成的，是马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合的产物，是理论创新、实践创新、制度创新相统一的成果，凝结着党和人民的智慧，具有深刻的历史逻辑、理论逻辑、实践逻辑。”中国特色社会主义制度是在历史传承与革命、建设、改革和新时代长期实践中形成发展的。如何实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，最根本的就是要始终确保“我们的改革是在中国特色社会主义道路上不断前进的改革，既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路”，确保我们的制度始终具有更加蓬勃旺盛的生机活力。这既是我们以进一步全面深化改革推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的前提，也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的最终目的。

Perfecting the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic process that inevitably develops continuously with the progress of practice. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "In the process of understanding and transforming the world, when old problems are solved, new ones will arise. Institutions always need continuous improvement, so reform can neither be accomplished in one stroke nor be done once and for all," and "Institutions becoming more mature and more定型 is a dynamic process, and the modernization of governance capacity is also a dynamic process; it cannot be accomplished in one stroke, nor can it be done once and for all. The goals we have set for the construction of the national system and national governance system must advance with the times as practice develops; we can neither be overly idealistic and impatient for success, nor blindly complacent and rest on our laurels." Comrade Deng Xiaoping once pointed out: "Our Party and people fought with blood and sacrifice for many years and established the socialist system. Although this system is not yet perfect and has suffered damage, in any case, the socialist system is far better than the capitalist system of the law of the jungle and harming others for one's own benefit. Our system will improve day by day; it will absorb the progressive elements we can absorb from all countries in the world and become the best system in the world. This is absolutely impossible for capitalism to achieve." Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have comprehensively deepened reform, fully demonstrating the strong self-improvement capacity of our national system and national governance system. Facing new situations and tasks, we must further comprehensively deepen reform, continue to improve the systems and mechanisms in all aspects, consolidate the foundation, enhance strengths, shore up weaknesses, and strengthen weak links, continuously better transforming our institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness.

完善中国特色社会主义制度是一个动态过程，必然随着实践发展而不断发展。正如习近平总书记指出的，“在认识世界和改造世界的过程中，旧的问题解决了，新的问题又会产生，制度总是需要不断完善，因而改革既不可能一蹴而就、也不可能一劳永逸”，“制度更加成熟更加定型是一个动态过程，治理能力现代化也是一个动态过程，不可能一蹴而就，也不可能一劳永逸。我们提出的国家制度和国家治理体系建设的目标必须随着实践发展而与时俱进，既不能过于理想化、急于求成，也不能盲目自满、故步自封”。邓小平同志曾指出：“我们的党和人民浴血奋斗多年，建立了社会主义制度。尽管这个制度还不完善，又遭受了破坏，但是无论如何，社会主义制度总比弱肉强食、损人利己的资本主义制度好得多。我们的制度将一天天完善起来，它将吸收我们可以从世界各国吸收的进步因素，成为世界上最好的制度。这是资本主义所绝对不可能做到的。”党的十八大以来，我们全面深化改革，充分显示出我国国家制度和国家治理体系的强大自我完善能力。面对新的形势和任务，必须进一步全面深化改革，继续完善各方面制度机制，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，不断把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。

On the new journey of the New Era, we must fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new conclusions on comprehensively deepening reform, summarize and apply the valuable experience from reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era, implement the major principles of the "Six Persistences,"[2]2 “Pulling one hair moves the whole body” (牵一发而动全身) is a Chinese idiom meaning that a small change in one part can affect the entire situation. take economic system reform as the driving force, take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the well-being of the people as the starting point and ultimate goal, pay more attention to systemic integration, pay more attention to highlighting key points, pay more attention to reform effectiveness, promote better adaptation between the relations of production and the productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization.

新时代新征程上，我们要全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，总结和运用改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革的宝贵经验，贯彻“六个坚持”的重大原则，以经济体制改革为牵引，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，更加注重系统集成，更加注重突出重点，更加注重改革实效，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。

III. The General Mobilization and General Deployment for Advancing Comprehensive Deepening of Reform in Breadth and Depth on the New Journey of the New Era

三、新时代新征程上推动全面深化改革向广度和深度进军的总动员、总部署

From "reform" to "comprehensively deepening reform" and then to "further comprehensively deepening reform," from the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee to the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, our reform has advanced steadily and rapidly, with remarkable achievements. This fully confirms that China's reform path is workable and stable, and is the correct path for advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Since the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, based on the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century, has coordinated the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan, coordinated the promotion of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, and embarked on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country; organized and implemented the largest and most forceful poverty alleviation campaign in human history, built a moderately prosperous society in all respects on Chinese soil, and achieved the first centenary goal on schedule. Among these, in terms of Party building, we adhered to the Party's overall leadership and comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, fundamentally reversed the lax and soft situation in Party management and governance, and achieved a sweeping victory in the fight against corruption and comprehensively consolidated it; in terms of economic construction, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national power reached new heights; in terms of political construction, we actively developed whole-process people's democracy, and the superiority of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics was fully brought into play; in terms of cultural construction, the cultural confidence of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country was significantly enhanced, and the cohesion and centripetal force of the whole society were greatly improved; in terms of social construction, the people's lives were improved in all aspects, and the level of rule-of-law, intelligent, and professional social governance was greatly enhanced; in terms of ecological civilization construction, ecological and environmental protection underwent historic, transformative, and overall changes, and the construction of a Beautiful China took new steps; in terms of national defense and military construction, the people's army achieved an overall and revolutionary restructuring, and national defense strength and economic strength increased simultaneously; in terms of safeguarding national security, we withstood tests of risks and challenges from political, economic, ideological, natural, and other aspects; in terms of adhering to "One Country, Two Systems" and advancing the reunification of the motherland, we promoted a major turning point in the Hong Kong situation from chaos to governance, and firmly grasped the leadership and initiative in cross-strait relations; in terms of diplomatic work, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics was comprehensively advanced, creating new prospects amidst major global changes and turning crises into opportunities amidst global chaos, and China's international influence, appeal, and shaping power were significantly enhanced.

从“改革”到“全面深化改革”再到“进一步全面深化改革”，从党的十八届三中全会到党的二十届三中全会，我们的改革蹄疾步稳，成就瞩目。这充分印证，中国的改革之路走得通、行得稳，是以中国式现代化推进强国建设、民族复兴的正确道路。新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程；组织实施人类历史上规模最大、力度最强的脱贫攻坚战，在中华大地上全面建成小康社会，如期实现第一个百年奋斗目标。其中，在党的建设方面，坚持党的全面领导、全面从严治党，管党治党宽松软状况得到根本扭转，反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固；在经济建设方面，我国的经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶；在政治建设方面，积极发展全过程人民民主，中国特色社会主义政治制度优越性得到充分发挥；在文化建设方面，全党全国各族人民文化自信明显增强，全社会凝聚力和向心力极大提升；在社会建设方面，人民生活全方位改善，社会治理法治化、智能化、专业化水平大幅度提升；在生态文明建设方面，生态环境保护发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化，美丽中国建设迈出新步伐；在国防和军队建设上，人民军队实现整体性革命性重塑，国防实力和经济实力同步提升；在维护国家安全上，经受住了来自政治、经济、意识形态、自然界等方面的风险挑战考验；在坚持“一国两制”和推进祖国统一上，推动香港局势实现由乱到治的重大转折，牢牢把握住了两岸关系主导权和主动权；在外交工作上，中国特色大国外交全面推进，在世界大变局中开创新局、在世界乱局中化危为机，我国国际影响力、感召力、塑造力显著提升。

The "Decision"[3]3 The “new nationwide system for mobilizing resources” (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led institutional mechanism for concentrating national resources to achieve breakthroughs in strategic areas, particularly science and technology, adapted to the conditions of the socialist market economy. clarified the guiding ideology, theme, overall goal, major principles, and fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform, proposed more than 300 important reform measures, and made a systematic deployment for further comprehensively deepening reform. This is both a "mobilization order" for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization, and a "roadmap" for implementing further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. Promoting comprehensive deepening of reform in breadth and depth means anchoring the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, implementing with high quality the various important reform measures proposed in the "Decision," transforming the "roadmap" of the "Decision" into a "construction drawing," and transforming the "freehand sketch" into "fine brushwork."

《决定》明确了进一步全面深化改革的指导思想、主题、总目标、重大原则、根本保证，提出300多项重要改革举措，对进一步全面深化改革作出系统部署。这既是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的“动员令”，也是落实进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的“路线图”。推动全面深化改革向广度和深度进军，就是要锚定2035年基本实现社会主义现代化目标，高质量落实好《决定》提出的各项重要改革举措，把《决定》的“路线图”转化为“施工图”，“大写意”转化为“工笔画”。

Emphasis is placed on leveraging the leading role of economic system reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: “Deepening economic system reform remains the focus of further deepening reform comprehensively; the main tasks are to improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to high-quality development, to shape new drivers and new advantages for development, to uphold and implement the ‘two unswervinglys’[1]1 The “two unswervinglys” (两个毫不动摇) refer to the policy of unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector., to build a unified national market, and to improve the basic systems of the market economy.” It must be deeply understood that a high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization; the core issue of handling the relationship between the government and the market must be addressed, better leveraging its influence and transmission effect where “pulling one hair moves the whole body”[2]2 “Pulling one hair moves the whole body” (牵一发而动全身) is a Chinese idiom meaning that a small change in one part can affect the entire situation., achieving both “enlivening” and “managing well”, and stimulating the endogenous driving forces and innovative vitality of the whole society; high-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country; it is necessary to guide reform with the new development philosophy, base it on the new stage of development, deepen supply-side structural reform, improve the incentive and constraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and shape new drivers and new advantages for development; developing new quality productive forces is the intrinsic requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development; it is necessary to accelerate the development of productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, strengthen the institutional supply for new fields and new tracks, and promote the concentration of various advanced production factors towards the development of new quality productive forces; scientific macro-regulation and effective government governance are intrinsic requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system; it is necessary to improve the macro-regulation institutional system, coordinate the advancement of reforms in key areas such as fiscal, taxation, and finance, and enhance the consistency of macro-policy orientation; integrated urban-rural development is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-path modernization; it is necessary to coordinate new-type industrialization, new-type urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, promoting common prosperity and development in both urban and rural areas; openness is a distinctive hallmark of Chinese-path modernization; it is necessary to persist in promoting reform through opening up, enhance the capacity for opening up while expanding international cooperation, and build a new system for a higher-level open economy.

注重发挥经济体制改革牵引作用。习近平总书记强调：“深化经济体制改革仍是进一步全面深化改革的重点，主要任务是完善有利于推动高质量发展的体制机制，塑造发展新动能新优势，坚持和落实‘两个毫不动摇’，构建全国统一大市场，完善市场经济基础制度。”必须深刻认识到，高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障，要处理好政府和市场关系这个核心问题，更好发挥其“牵一发而动全身”的影响和传导作用，做到既“放得活”又“管得住”，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力；高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，必须以新发展理念引领改革，立足新发展阶段，深化供给侧结构性改革，完善推动高质量发展激励约束机制，塑造发展新动能新优势；发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，要推动以高技术、高效能、高质量为特征的生产力加快发展，加强新领域新赛道制度供给，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚；科学的宏观调控、有效的政府治理是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求，必须完善宏观调控制度体系，统筹推进财税、金融等重点领域改革，增强宏观政策取向一致性；城乡融合发展是中国式现代化的必然要求，必须统筹新型工业化、新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，促进城乡共同繁荣发展；开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识，要坚持以开放促改革，在扩大国际合作中提升开放能力，建设更高水平开放型经济新体制。

Emphasis is placed on building institutional mechanisms that comprehensively support innovation. It must be deeply understood that education, science and technology, and human talent are the foundational and strategic underpinnings of Chinese-path modernization; it is necessary to thoroughly implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human talent, and the innovation-driven development strategy, to coordinate and advance the integrated reform of the institutional mechanisms for education, science and technology, and human talent, to improve the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources[3]3 The “new nationwide system for mobilizing resources” (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led institutional mechanism for concentrating national resources to achieve breakthroughs in strategic areas, particularly science and technology, adapted to the conditions of the socialist market economy., and to enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. In terms of comprehensive education reform, emphasis should be placed on establishing a mechanism for adjusting disciplinary structures and talent cultivation models driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, and on making extraordinary arrangements for urgently needed disciplines and specialties; improving the innovation mechanisms of universities and colleges to enhance the efficiency of transforming achievements. In terms of science and technology system reform, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, optimizing the positioning and layout of national research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading science and technology enterprises, improving the management of science and technology plans, and strengthening the forward-looking and leading layout in the fields of basic research, cross-cutting frontiers, and key areas; strengthening the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and establishing a mechanism for cultivating and strengthening leading science and technology enterprises. In terms of reforming the systems and mechanisms for talent development, emphasis should be placed on improving the quality of various types of talent, perfecting the mechanisms for discovering, selecting, and cultivating young innovative talents, strengthening talent incentive mechanisms, and improving the support and guarantee mechanisms for introducing overseas talent.

注重构建支持全面创新体制机制。必须深刻认识到，教育、科技、人才是中国式现代化的基础性、战略性支撑，必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能。在教育综合改革方面，要注重建立科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式，超常布局急需学科专业；完善高校科技创新机制，提高成果转化效能。在科技体制改革方面，要注重加强国家战略科技力量建设，优化国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业定位和布局，改进科技计划管理，强化基础研究领域、交叉前沿领域、重点领域前瞻性、引领性布局；强化企业科技创新主体地位，建立培育壮大科技领军企业机制。在人才发展体制机制改革方面，要注重提高各类人才素质，完善青年创新人才发现、选拔、培养机制，强化人才激励机制，完善海外引进人才支持保障机制。

Emphasis is placed on comprehensive reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that emphasizing systematicity, holism, and synergy is an intrinsic requirement of comprehensively deepening reform and also an important method for advancing reform. Implementing various important reform measures means planning and advancing them within the overall framework of coordinating the promotion of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the coordinated advancement of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy. In the field of reform of democracy and the rule of law, it is necessary to strengthen the institutional construction for the people being the masters of the country, improve the mechanisms for consultative democracy, improve the systems for grassroots democracy, and perfect the framework for the grand united front. Legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and areas involving foreign affairs should be strengthened, and the mechanisms for advancing the construction of a law-based society should be improved. In the field of cultural system reform, it is necessary to further promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education, optimize the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products, improve the comprehensive cyberspace governance system, and build a more effective international communication system. In terms of improving the institutional system for ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods, it is necessary to improve the income distribution system, optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment promotion, improve the social security system for flexible employment personnel, migrant workers, and personnel in new forms of employment, accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development, deepen the reform of the medical and health system, and improve the support and service system for population development. In the field of ecological civilization system reform, it is necessary to perfect the basic systems of ecological civilization, improve the ecological environment governance system, improve the mechanisms for green and low-carbon development, and accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system.

注重全面改革。习近平总书记强调，注重系统性、整体性、协同性是全面深化改革的内在要求，也是推进改革的重要方法。落实各项重要改革举措，就是要在统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的整体框架下谋划推进。在民主和法治领域改革方面，要加强人民当家作主制度建设，健全协商民主机制，健全基层民主制度，完善大统战工作格局。加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，完善推进法治社会建设机制。在文化体制改革方面，要进一步推动理想信念教育常态化制度化，优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制，健全网络综合治理体系，构建更有效力的国际传播体系。在健全保障和改善民生制度体系方面，要完善收入分配制度，优化创业促进就业政策环境，健全灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员社保制度，加快构建房地产发展新模式，深化医药卫生体制改革，健全人口发展支持和服务体系。在生态文明体制改革方面，必须完善生态文明基础体制，健全生态环境治理体系，健全绿色低碳发展机制，加快规划建设新型能源体系。

Emphasis is placed on coordinating development and security. National security is an important foundation for the steady and sustained progress of Chinese-path modernization. Centering on advancing the modernization of the national security system and capacity, it is necessary to build a linked and efficient national security protection system, promote the empowerment of national security through science and technology, improve the guarantee system for handling major突发 public incidents, establish an artificial intelligence security supervision system, explore the establishment of a unified national population management system, improve the overall prevention and control system for public security, and strictly punish illegal and criminal activities that are strongly reflected by the masses in accordance with the law. It is necessary to establish and improve a coordination mechanism for security work in neighboring areas, improve mechanisms for countering sanctions, countering interference, and countering “long-arm jurisdiction”[4]4 “Long-arm jurisdiction” (长臂管辖) is a term used in Chinese political discourse to criticize the extraterritorial application of domestic laws by certain countries, particularly the United States., improve mechanisms for preventing and controlling trade risks, perfect the system of foreign-related laws and regulations and the system for their implementation, and deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and justice. Centering on continuously deepening the reform of national defense and the armed forces, it is necessary to further improve the leadership and management systems and mechanisms of the people’s armed forces, deepen the reform of the joint operations system, and deepen cross-military-civilian reform.

注重统筹发展和安全。国家安全是中国式现代化行稳致远的重要基础。要围绕推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，构建联动高效的国家安全防护体系，推进国家安全科技赋能，健全重大突发公共事件处置保障体系，建立人工智能安全监管制度，探索建立全国统一的人口管理制度，完善社会治安整体防控体系，依法严惩群众反映强烈的违法犯罪活动。要建立健全周边安全工作协调机制，健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制，健全贸易风险防控机制，完善涉外法律法规体系和法治实施体系，深化执法司法国际合作。要围绕持续深化国防和军队改革，进一步完善人民军队领导管理体制机制，深化联合作战体系改革，深化跨军地改革。

Emphasis is placed on strengthening the Party’s leadership over reform. It must be deeply understood that the Party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization. It is necessary to improve the implementation mechanism for the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, clearly establish the correct orientation for selecting and appointing cadres, and encourage cadres to forge ahead, take initiative, and work diligently; improve the mechanism for regular training, especially basic training, strengthen professional training and practical exercise, and comprehensively improve cadres’ ability to advance modernization; enhance the political functions and organizational functions of Party organizations; improve the institutional mechanisms for preventing and combating formalism and bureaucratism, improve the mechanisms for simultaneously investigating and rectifying unhealthy tendencies and corruption, and enrich effective methods for preventing and combating new types and hidden forms of corruption.

注重加强党对改革的领导。必须深刻认识到，党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。要完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制，深化干部人事制度改革，鲜明树立选人用人正确导向，激励干部开拓进取、干事创业；健全常态化培训特别是基本培训机制，强化专业训练和实践锻炼，全面提高干部现代化建设能力；增强党组织政治功能和组织功能；健全防治形式主义、官僚主义制度机制，健全不正之风和腐败问题同查同治机制，丰富防治新型腐败和隐性腐败的有效办法。

The “Decision”[5]5 The “Decision” refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024. points out: “By the year 2029, when the People’s Republic of China marks its 80th anniversary, the reform tasks proposed in this Decision shall be completed”; “By the year 2035, a high-level socialist market economy system shall be fully established, the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics shall be more mature, the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity shall be basically realized, socialist modernization shall be basically realized, laying a solid foundation for comprehensively building a modern socialist country by the middle of this century.” We firmly believe that as the path of Chinese-path modernization grows ever broader and its prospects ever brighter, we will surely create new and greater miracles that will astonish the world.

《决定》指出，“到二〇二九年中华人民共和国成立八十周年时，完成本决定提出的改革任务”，“到二〇三五年，全面建成高水平社会主义市场经济体制，中国特色社会主义制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，基本实现社会主义现代化，为到本世纪中叶全面建成社会主义现代化强国奠定坚实基础”。我们坚信，随着中国式现代化的道路越走越宽广，前景越来越广阔，我们一定会创造出让世界刮目相看的新的更大奇迹。

Online Editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗