Scientifically Grasp the Essence and Key Points of Constructing a Philosophy and Social Sciences System with Chinese Characteristics

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and especially since the publication of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work, our Party has continuously deepened its understanding of the laws governing the people-centered nature, epochal character, and subjectivity of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. It has put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments, pointing the way forward and providing fundamental guidance for accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, for interpreting the Chinese path, explaining Chinese practice, and constructing Chinese theory.

党的十八大以来，特别是习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的重要讲话发表以来，我们党对中国特色哲学社会科学人民性、时代性、主体性的规律性认识持续深化，提出了一系列新思想新观点新论断，为新时代加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学，阐释中国道路、解读中国实践、构建中国理论指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。

Upholding the People-Centered Nature: Scientifically Grasping the Essential Attribute of Philosophy and Social Sciences with Chinese Characteristics

坚持人民性 科学把握中国特色哲学社会科学本质属性

On the fundamental, directional, and principled issues of constructing philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, our Party adheres to the guiding role of Marxism in China's philosophy and social sciences field, upholds the Party's overall leadership over philosophy and social sciences work, and insists on a people-centered research orientation, thereby scientifically grasping the essential attribute of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

在构建中国特色哲学社会科学的根本性、方向性、原则性问题上，我们党坚持马克思主义在我国哲学社会科学领域的指导地位、坚持党对哲学社会科学的全面领导、坚持以人民为中心的研究导向，科学把握了中国特色哲学社会科学的本质属性。

The people-centered nature is the most distinctive character of Marxism. Marxism is a theory that speaks for the people and represents the people. It was founded to change the destiny of the people and has been enriched and developed in the practice of the people's struggle for liberation. The vast and profound system of Marxism can be summed up in one sentence: to seek liberation for humanity. Upholding the guiding role of Marxism in China's philosophy and social sciences field is a stipulation and inevitability endowed by the course of China's development since modern times, and it is the fundamental hallmark distinguishing contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences from those of other countries. The formation and establishment of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has realized a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, pointing the way forward and providing fundamental guidance for accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. In the New Era, upholding the people-centered nature of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics and the guiding role of Marxism means consistently taking Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide.

人民性是马克思主义最鲜明的品格。马克思主义是为人民立言、为人民代言的理论，是为改变人民命运而创立、在人民求解放的实践中丰富和发展的。马克思主义博大精深，归根到底就是一句话，为人类求解放。坚持马克思主义在我国哲学社会科学领域的指导地位，是近代以来我国发展历程赋予的规定性和必然性，是当代中国哲学社会科学区别于其他哲学社会科学的根本标志。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的创立形成，实现了马克思主义中国化新的飞跃，为新时代加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。新时代，坚持中国特色哲学社会科学的人民性、坚持马克思主义的指导地位就是要始终坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导。

Philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics must adhere to a people-centered research orientation. Our Party is a party that serves the people wholeheartedly. The unity of Party spirit and the people-centered nature determines that strengthening the Party's leadership over philosophy and social sciences work is the fundamental guarantee for the flourishing development of China's philosophy and social sciences cause. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out that the Party's theory is a theory that comes from the people, serves the people, and benefits the people, and that the people's creative practice is the inexhaustible source of theoretical innovation. Any theory that is divorced from the people is pale and feeble, and any theory that does not benefit the people has no vitality. Constructing philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics must be based on the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, respect the people's pioneering spirit, take responding to the people's major concerns and solving the major theoretical and practical issues that the people care about as the main direction of attack, and integrate the people's standpoint throughout the construction of the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system, continuously enhancing the appeal, influence, impact, and vitality of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

中国特色哲学社会科学必须坚持以人民为中心的研究导向。我们党是全心全意为人民服务的党，党性和人民性的统一决定了加强党对哲学社会科学工作的领导是繁荣发展我国哲学社会科学事业的根本保证。党的二十大报告指出，党的理论是来自人民、为了人民、造福人民的理论，人民的创造性实践是理论创新的不竭源泉。一切脱离人民的理论都是苍白无力的，一切不为人民造福的理论都是没有生命力的。构建中国特色哲学社会科学要立足中国特色社会主义伟大实践，尊重人民群众的首创精神，以回应人民重大关切、解决人民关心关注的重大理论问题和实践问题为主攻方向，把人民立场贯穿在学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设等各个方面，不断增强中国特色哲学社会科学的吸引力、感染力、影响力、生命力。

Embodying the Epochal Character: Scientifically Grasping the Mission and Tasks of Philosophy and Social Sciences with Chinese Characteristics

体现时代性 科学把握中国特色哲学社会科学使命任务

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "Contemporary China is undergoing the most extensive and profound social transformation in its history, and is also carrying out the most magnificent and unique practical innovation in human history. This unprecedented great practice will undoubtedly provide powerful impetus and broad space for theoretical creation and academic prosperity. This is an era that needs theory and will surely produce theory; this is an era that needs thought and will surely produce thought." [1]1 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the symposium on philosophy and social sciences held on May 17, 2016. This important exposition endows philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics with a distinct epochal character and epochal mission.

习近平总书记强调：“当代中国正经历着我国历史上最为广泛而深刻的社会变革，也正在进行着人类历史上最为宏大而独特的实践创新。这种前无古人的伟大实践，必将给理论创造、学术繁荣提供强大动力和广阔空间。这是一个需要理论而且一定能够产生理论的时代，这是一个需要思想而且一定能够产生思想的时代。”这一重要论述赋予了中国特色哲学社会科学鲜明的时代特征、时代使命。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, on major issues concerning the status, role, responsibilities, and mission of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with the grand vision of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and from the strategic height of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, has scientifically answered a series of fundamental questions concerning the long-term development of China's philosophy and social sciences, put forward the epochal topic of accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, and scientifically grasped the mission and tasks of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

党的十八大以来，在事关中国特色哲学社会科学地位作用、职责使命的重大问题上，习近平总书记以实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏大视野，从坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的战略高度，科学回答了事关我国哲学社会科学长远发展的一系列根本性问题，提出了加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学的时代课题，科学把握了中国特色哲学社会科学的使命任务。

The "two irreplaceable roles" [2]2 The "Two Integrations" (两个结合) was first formally proposed by Xi Jinping in his speech on July 1, 2021, at the ceremony marking the centenary of the CPC. clarify the epochal topic for the development of China's philosophy and social sciences. At the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics requires continuous exploration in both practice and theory, and using developing theory to guide developing practice. In this process, philosophy and social sciences occupy an irreplaceable important position, and philosophy and social sciences workers play an irreplaceable important role. Under the new circumstances, the status of China's philosophy and social sciences is even more important, and their tasks are even more arduous. To achieve the Two Centenary Goals [3]3 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the opening ceremony of a seminar for provincial and ministerial-level leading cadres on the study and implementation of the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the CPC, held on January 5, 2018. and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, China's philosophy and social sciences can and should make significant contributions. The "two irreplaceable roles" and the "two even mores" [4]4 The Chinese Civilization Exploration Project (中华文明探源工程) is a major national research project initiated in the early 2000s to trace the origins and early development of Chinese civilization. clarify the important status and role of philosophy and social sciences in the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, entrusting China's philosophy and social sciences workers with an even more glorious mission.

“两个不可替代”明确了我国哲学社会科学发展的时代课题。习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上指出，坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，需要不断在实践和理论上进行探索、用发展着的理论指导发展着的实践。在这个过程中，哲学社会科学具有不可替代的重要地位，哲学社会科学工作者具有不可替代的重要作用。新形势下，我国哲学社会科学地位更加重要、任务更加繁重。实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，我国哲学社会科学可以也应该大有作为。“两个不可替代”“两个更加”明确了哲学社会科学在中国特色社会主义伟大事业中、在实现中华民族伟大复兴中的重要地位和作用，赋予了我国哲学社会科学工作者更加光荣的使命。

Answering the epochal topics and practical issues is the most direct and realistic responsibility and mission of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and China is in a critical period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, having embarked on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. The weight of tasks for reform, development, and stability, the multitude of contradictions, risks, and challenges, and the severity of tests for governance and state administration are all unprecedented. A series of entirely new major theoretical and practical issues urgently require in-depth research, targeted countermeasures, and convincing scientific explanations.

回答时代课题和实践问题是中国特色哲学社会科学最直接、最现实的职责使命。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，我国正处于实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期，开启了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程，改革发展稳定任务之重、矛盾风险挑战之多、治国理政考验之大都是前所未有的，一系列全新的重大理论和实践问题迫切需要深入研究，提出有针对性的应对之策，作出有说服力的科学解答。

Philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics must grasp the needs of the times. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a series of important expositions on philosophy and social sciences work, deeply elaborating on and enriching the development of the mission and tasks of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics on the new journey of the New Era. On the new journey of the New Era, in the practice of enriching Chinese scholarship, developing Chinese theory, spreading Chinese thought, and constructing philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, all philosophy and social sciences workers with ideals and aspirations should stand at the forefront of the times, comprehend the changes of past and present, and be the first to voice ideas. They should develop in step with the great era, strive forward together with hundreds of millions of people, actively expound theories and offer suggestions for the Party and the people, and shoulder the glorious mission entrusted by history.

中国特色哲学社会科学必须把握时代发展需要。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记对哲学社会科学工作作出了一系列重要论述，深入阐释和丰富发展了新时代新征程中国特色哲学社会科学的使命任务。新时代新征程，在繁荣中国学术、发展中国理论、传播中国思想，构建中国特色哲学社会科学的实践中，一切有理想、有抱负的哲学社会科学工作者都应该立时代之潮头、通古今之变化、发思想之先声，与伟大时代同发展、与亿万人民齐奋进，积极为党和人民述学立论、建言献策，担负起历史赋予的光荣使命。

Highlighting Subjectivity: Scientifically Grasping the Construction of an Independent Knowledge System for Philosophy and Social Sciences with Chinese Characteristics

突出主体性 科学把握建构中国特色哲学社会科学自主知识体系

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "Whether our philosophy and social sciences have Chinese characteristics ultimately depends on whether they have subjectivity and originality." [5]5 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work" (May 17, 2016). "Accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics ultimately means constructing an independent knowledge system of China. It requires taking China as the reference, taking the times as the reference, basing ourselves on China's actual conditions, solving China's problems, continuously promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, and continuously advancing knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation, and methodological innovation, so that philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics can truly stand tall among the world's academic forests." [6]6 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work" (May 17, 2016). General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions clarify that the core of the independent knowledge system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics is Chinese characteristics, and the core of Chinese characteristics is subjectivity and originality.

习近平总书记指出：“我们的哲学社会科学有没有中国特色，归根到底要看有没有主体性、原创性。”“加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学，归根结底是建构中国自主的知识体系。要以中国为观照、以时代为观照，立足中国实际，解决中国问题，不断推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，不断推进知识创新、理论创新、方法创新，使中国特色哲学社会科学真正屹立于世界学术之林。”习近平总书记的重要论述，阐明了中国特色哲学社会科学自主知识体系的核心是中国特色，中国特色的核心是主体性、原创性。

Strengthening the subjectivity of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics requires firmly grasping the "six characteristics." [7]7 The "six characteristics" are the six attributes required for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics: inheritance, national character, originality, epochal character, systematicity, and professionalism. First, embodying inheritance and national character. Be adept at integrating various resources, both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, including the resources of Marxism, the resources of fine traditional Chinese culture, and the resources of foreign philosophy and social sciences. Persist in looking both inward and outward, both forward and backward, drawing on the strengths of others, and continuously advancing knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation, and methodological innovation. Second, embodying originality and epochal character. Do not follow the West step by step. Instead, take China's actual conditions as the starting point for research, focus on what we are doing, extract new materials, discover new problems, propose new viewpoints, and construct new theories from the practice of China's reform and development. Refine new theories with academic rationality and summarize new practices with regularity. Third, embodying systematicity and professionalism. Continuously advance the construction and innovation of the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system, and strive to build a comprehensive, all-encompassing, and all-element philosophy and social sciences system.

强化中国特色哲学社会科学主体性要牢牢把握“六性”。一是体现继承性、民族性。善于融通马克思主义的资源、中华优秀传统文化的资源、国外哲学社会科学的资源等古今中外各种资源，坚持既向内看又向外看、既向前看又向后看，博采众长，不断推进知识创新、理论创新、方法创新。二是体现原创性、时代性。不能跟在西方后面亦步亦趋，要以我国实际为研究起点，以我们正在做的事情为中心，从我国改革发展的实践中挖掘新材料、发现新问题、提出新观点、构建新理论，提炼出有学理性的新理论，概括出有规律性的新实践。三是体现系统性、专业性。不断推进学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设和创新，努力构建一个全方位、全领域、全要素的哲学社会科学体系。

The "six characteristics" are a high-level summary of the features of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, and also the basic principles that should be followed in constructing an independent knowledge system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. Currently, in some fields of philosophy and social sciences in our country, there still exists a phenomenon of regarding foreign academic thought and methods as the golden rule, and even being unable to conduct research without Western academic viewpoints. The root cause is the lack of support from an independent knowledge system. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "To solve China's problems and propose Chinese solutions to human problems, we must adhere to the worldview and methodology of the Chinese people." [1]1 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the symposium on philosophy and social sciences held on May 17, 2016. This requires us to enhance the self-reliance and self-confidence in using philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics to produce and create knowledge, to take China's social practice as the foundation, to fully absorb the excellent achievements of China's excellent traditional culture and human civilization, and to form a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner.

“六性”是对中国特色哲学社会科学特点的高度概括，也是建构中国特色哲学社会科学自主知识体系应该遵循的基本原则。当前我国哲学社会科学一些领域依然存在把国外学术思想和学术方法奉为圭臬，甚至存在离开了西方学术观点就无从研究的现象，其根源是缺少自主知识体系的支撑。习近平总书记强调：“解决中国的问题，提出解决人类问题的中国方案，要坚持中国人的世界观、方法论。”这就要求我们要增强用中国特色哲学社会科学生产知识、创造知识的自立自信，以中国社会实践为基础，充分吸收中华优秀传统文化和人类文明优秀成果，形成具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系。

Constructing philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics must adhere to the "Two Integrations." The deeper a theory reveals the laws of things, the more significant its guiding role in social development and transformation. General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his speech at the ceremony marking the centenary of the Communist Party of China, first proposed "upholding the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of China's traditional culture," [2]2 The "Two Integrations" (两个结合) was first formally proposed by Xi Jinping in his speech on July 1, 2021, at the ceremony marking the centenary of the CPC. and profoundly elucidated the basic connotation and practical significance of the "Two Integrations" in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC. The "Two Integrations" are not only a scientific theory but also the epistemology and methodology guiding the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. They have greatly deepened our Party's understanding of the laws governing adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and have significant transformative significance for guiding the construction of an independent knowledge system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

构建中国特色哲学社会科学必须坚持“两个结合”。理论对规律的揭示越深刻，对社会发展和变革的引领作用就越显著。习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上首次提出“坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合”，并在党的二十大报告中深刻阐明“两个结合”的基本内涵和实践意义。“两个结合”既是科学的理论，也是指导构建中国特色哲学社会科学的认知论、方法论，极大深化了我们党对马克思主义中国化时代化的规律性认识，对指导建构中国特色哲学社会科学自主知识体系具有重大变革意义。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief representative, have adhered to the "Two Integrations" and scientifically answered a series of major contemporary issues. Regarding the theory of Chinese-path modernization, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. It shares the common features of modernization in all countries but is more characterized by Chinese features based on its own national conditions. The path of Chinese-path modernization "has solved many of the problems facing human social development, abandoned the old path of Western modernization centered on capital, characterized by polarization, materialistic expansion, and external expansion and plunder, expanded the pathways for developing countries to achieve modernization, and provided a Chinese solution for humanity's exploration of a better social system." [3]3 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the opening ceremony of a seminar for provincial and ministerial-level leading cadres on the study and implementation of the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the CPC, held on January 5, 2018.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，坚持“两个结合”，科学回答一系列重大时代课题。就中国式现代化理论，习近平总书记指出，中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。中国式现代化道路“破解了人类社会发展的诸多难题，摒弃了西方以资本为中心的现代化、两极分化的现代化、物质主义膨胀的现代化、对外扩张掠夺的现代化老路，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，为人类对更好社会制度的探索提供了中国方案”。

Regarding the study of human civilization, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Chinese Civilization Exploration Project [4]4 The Chinese Civilization Exploration Project (中华文明探源工程) is a major national research project initiated in the early 2000s to trace the origins and early development of Chinese civilization. has proposed a Chinese solution for defining civilization and identifying the criteria for entering a civilized society, making an original contribution to the study of the origins of world civilization. We must establish a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system for the study of civilization with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, providing strong theoretical support for the practice of a new form of human civilization. Regarding ethnological research, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that constructing a theoretical system for the Chinese national community must be based on the long history of the Chinese nation, integrate Marxist ethnic theory with China's specific realities and with the best of China's traditional culture, follow the historical and theoretical logic of the development of the Chinese nation, and scientifically reveal the principles, theories, and philosophies of the formation and development of the Chinese nation. Efforts must be made to solve the problem of Chinese ethnological research being influenced by Western ethnic theories and discourse systems, and to accelerate the formation of an independent Chinese system of historical materials, discourse system, and theoretical system for the Chinese national community.

就人类文明研究，习近平总书记指出，中华文明探源工程提出文明定义和认定进入文明社会的中国方案，为世界文明起源研究作出了原创性贡献。我们要建立中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的文明研究学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，为人类文明新形态实践提供有力理论支撑。就民族学研究，习近平总书记指出，构建中华民族共同体理论体系，必须立足中华民族悠久历史，把马克思主义民族理论同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，遵循中华民族发展的历史逻辑、理论逻辑，科学揭示中华民族形成和发展的道理、学理、哲理。着力解决我国民族学研究中存在的被西方民族理论思想和话语体系所左右的问题，加快形成中国自主的中华民族共同体史料体系、话语体系、理论体系。

Adhering to the "Two Integrations," we must connect the essence of Marxist thought with the essence of China's excellent traditional culture, and integrate it with the common values that the people use daily without conscious awareness, making Marxism Chinese and making China's excellent traditional culture modern. By utilizing the profound spiritual creations of Chinese civilization in areas such as ideology and theory, literature and art, systems and institutions, and operational models, we promote Marxism to display an increasingly distinct Chinese style and Chinese manner. Sinicized Marxism becomes the essence of the times of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, expands the cultural foundation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, explores theoretical and institutional innovations facing the future, and injects a powerful endogenous force into the construction of an independent knowledge system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

坚持“两个结合”，把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来、同人民群众日用而不觉的共同价值观念融通起来，让马克思主义成为中国的，中华优秀传统文化成为现代的。运用中华文明在思想理论、文学艺术、体制制度、运行模式等方面博大精深的精神创造，推动马克思主义显示出日益鲜明的中国风格与中国气派，中国化马克思主义成为中华文化和中国精神的时代精华，拓展中国特色社会主义道路的文化根基，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新，为建构中国特色哲学社会科学自主知识体系注入了强大内生力量。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗